SAMPLING

METHODS
 groups of people, animals, places, things or
Population ideas to which any conclusions based on
characteristics of a sample will be applied.

Sample subset of the population

Sample size number of individuals in a sample

 Why is a population not used for research?

❖the lack of time

❖limited amount of money

❖inconvenience to the individuals under

study
How is a sample chosen?
❖ the sample is chosen from the population.

❖ the sample should reflect the population’s structure and

nature.

❖for results to be reliable and dependable, the

sample must represent the entire population.

Choosing a right sample is a critical.

SAMPLING METHODS

Probability Sampling is a method wherein each

member of the population has the same probability of
being a part of the sample..

Non-probability Sampling is a method wherein each member of

the population does not have an equal chance of being selected.
When the researcher likes to choose members selectively, non-
probability sampling is considered.
 REMEMBER:
In Qualitative research, non-numerical data is used to study
elements in their natural settings.

Purposive sampling: Pre-selected criteria

related to research hypothesis determines
the participants for research

The research hypothesis is that the

Example: rate of cancer is higher in areas near a
nuclear power plant.
 REMEMBER:

Quota sampling: The researcher

establishes participant quotas before
forming a sample.

Selection of participants that meet

Example:
certain traits like gender, age, health,
etc.
 REMEMBER:

Snowball sampling: The participants in the

study refer other individuals who fit the traits
required for the study, to the researcher.

Example:
Post-Conflict Zones: In areas recovering from conflict,
trust is often low. Researchers studying post-conflict
rehabilitation might rely on local community leaders to
introduce them to affected families.
Quantitative research

used to categorize, rank,

Random sampling is
and measure numerical
data. when all individuals
in a population have
Random sampling
an equal chance of
being selected.
Stratified sampling
The researcher
defines the types of
Age, race, or
socioeconomic individuals in the
status. population based on
specific criteria for
the study.
Stratified sampling
To build the sample, Systematic
look at the target
sampling: Systemic
population and choose
every 5th, 10th, or
sampling is
20th name, based choosing a sample
upon the needs of the
on an orderly basis.
sample size.
 Common Sampling errors
Sampling bias occurs when the sample does not
reflect the characteristics of the population.

Sample frame errors occur when the wrong sub-population is

used to select a sample. This can be due to gender, race, or
economic factors.

Systematic errors occur when the results from the

sample differ significantly from the results of the
population.