1.

Environment sustainability is a condition of environment maintain the

same without undergoes deficiency or decline of natural resources and
guaranteed quality of environment for a long period of time.
2. revolusi perindustrian pertama pada era ke-18. /The main threat on
ecosystem is the unplanned and uncontrolled human activities since
industrial revolution at 18th century.
3. Population size of human increases as the advanced science and
technology in medicine.
4. The threat to environment becomes worst due to human population
growth explosion.

Explosion growth of human population

Human activities
Uncontrolled deforestation Pollution

Threats to environment

Loss of biodiversity Global warming Climate change Eutrophication

5. Due to the explosion of human population and unplanned and uncontrolled
human activities, excessive deforestation is carried out for the purposes
of housing, agriculture, industrial, construction of infrastructure
facilities and so on.
6. types of threat and its effect on environment.
Uncontrolled • Destroy habitats for flora and fauna.
deforestation • Causes loss of biodiversity .
• Causes natural disasters such as soil erosion, flash floods,
landslides.
• Causes loss of life and properties due to disasters.
• Increases greenhouse effect and then causes global warming and
climate change.
Pollution Air pollution:
• Caused by open burning , industrialisation, motor vehicles.
• Causes global warming and climate change .
• Causes haze.
• Causes acid rain.
• Harms human health.
• Reduces rate of photosynthesis .
• Reduces population of phytoplankton.
• Inhibits growth of plants.
Thermal pollution:
• Caused by hot water discharges from factories, electric power
stations, nuclearn reactors, heat reflections from mirrored
building.
• Destroys the aquatic habitats.
• Causes loss of aquatic biodiversity.
• Causes death of aquatic organisms.
• Increases the greenhouse effect and then causes global warming and
climate change .
Sound pollution:
• Loud noises from vehicles, machines, construction sites.
• Causes emotion and mental disorders, high blood pressure and mental
illness.
• Causes hearing problems and headaches.

5. Climate change is a global or regional phenomenon that involved a drastic

change of the Earth’s temperature, rainfall distribution and winds.
a. Climate change is caused by global warming or naturally.
b. The extreme weather and changes of seasonal periods are also
examples of climate change due to human activities.
6. Biochemical oxygen demand BOD are the amount of dissolved oxygen
required by microorganisms to decompose organic waste in water.
7. Thus, the BOD level can be used to measure the level of water pollution .
8. Methylene blue solution is used to test the presence of dissolved oxygen
in water samples, in which deficiency of dissolved oxygen will decolourise
the methylene blue colour rapidly. The water sample is polluted.
1. Definitions for preservation of ecosystem, conservation of ecosystem and
Ecosystem preservation
restoration of ecosystem.

Protects the components of an ecosystem so that can maintain its natural

conditions

Ecosystem conservation
Repairs the components of a threatened ecosystem so that the components
can be recovered

Ecosystem restoration
Repairs all the components in a destroyed ecosystem into a normal
ecosystem
2. The necessity of preservation of ecosystem, conservation of ecosystem
and restoration of ecosystem.
Ecosystem • Maintain the natural habitats for flora and fauna.
preservation • Maintain the beauty of nature.
• Preserve the native species of flora and fauna in a natural
ecosystem.
• Provide high value of scientific research..
Ecosystem • Save biosis components in natural or man-made ecosystems.
conservation • Preserve only some species of flora and fauna.
• Balancing development with environmental sustainability.

Ecosystem • Recreating a destroyed ecosystem into a new ecosystem .

restoration • Recreate habitat for flora and fauna .
• Restored ecosystems may benefit the local people in terms of
economy, tourism and welfare.
1. Environmetal sustainability refers to an ecosystem in a balanced state
that can meet human needs and at the same time does not affect
biodiversity and natural resources now and in the future.
2. The practice of preserving nature can ensure that the needs and wants of
human beings today are met and without reducing the need for natural
resources for future generatio

Practice Purpose
5R concept • Reduce waste products
Upcycle concept • Reduce waste products.

Environmental • Reduce pollution

friendly
transportation
Energy • Reduce pollution
consumption • Reduce the use of non-renewable fuels
savings
Water • Reduce wastage of clean water
consumption
savings
Use of • Reduce pollution
renewable • Reduce the use of non-renewable fuels
alternative
energy
Domestic and • Reduce pollution
toxic waste • Save costs to restore the environment
management
Biological • Control the pest population using its natural predators
control • Reduce the use of synthetic pesticides that pollute the environment

3. Food security refers to secure of food availability, food stability, food

access, and food utilisation.
4. Food security status can be analysed based on the levels of region,
country, community, household and individual.
1. Green technology refers to the development and application of products,
tools and systems to preserve the environment and nature as well as
minimise or reduce the negative effects of human activities.
2. Green technology can help to:
a. reduce pollution .
b. reduce release of greenhouse gases .
c. save energy and natural resources .
d. use renewable and environmental friendly energy.
3. In 2009, the National Green Technology Policy was launched and
emphasized on the country's economic growth and sustainable
development on four pillars.

Dasar Teknologi Hijau Negara

Energy Economy Social Environment

4. seven sectors are focused on using green technology.
Sector Explanation
Energy supply • An effective and proactive approach used to replace non-renewable
fossil fuels.
• Renewable energy or green energy such as hydroelectric energy,
wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, wave
energy and biofuels.
Waste and • Waste and wastewater should be disposed according to waste
wastewater category .
management • Proper waste and wastewater management is needed to minimize the
negative impact of waste disposal on the environment.
Building • Green buildings can be built based on optimal building orientation at
the construction site, use of green building materials , efficient use
of energy and water, quality of the indoor environment of the
building and minimum solid waste disposal.
Transportation • Green transportation refers to all forms of transportation that
minimise the negative impact on the environment or vehicles that
emit low greenhouse gases.
Industry • Energy efficiency and energy management programs are examples of
green technology initiatives used to reduce the negative impact of
this sector.
Agriculture and • Carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by planting more trees and
forestry controlling logging activities.
• Pollution can be reduced by using bio-compost fertilisers, good
irrigation systems and improving agricultural practices.
Information • Green ICT refers to the use of environmental friendly materials,
and efficient use of electricity, increasing the lifespan of tools to
communication reduce e-waste and promoting the use of recyclable or
technology iCT biodegradable ICT products.