ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
KRISHNAKUMAR C S
PGT ECONOMICS
DAV-BHEL SCHOOL,
RANIPET
 • ENVIRONMENT
• Environment is defined as the total planetary inheritance
and the totality of all resources.
• Environment includes biotic and abiotic
elements.
SUPPLIES RESOURCES ABSORBS WASTE

FUNCTIONS
OF
ENVIRONMENT

SUSTAINS LIFE PROVIDES AESTHETIC SERVICES

 RESOURCES
Anything that satisfies human wants
are called Resources.
 Renewable Resources
• Resources that can be reproduced by
physical, chemical and biological processes
are called Renewable Resources.
• They are inexhaustible.
• Plants, Animals, Solar Energy and Wind
Energy are Renewable Resources.
 Non-Renewable Resources
• Resources that cannot be reproduced are
called Non - Renewable Resources.
• They are exhaustible.
• Minerals, Coal, Petroleum are
Non- Renewable Resources.
 Environment Absorbs Waste
• The waste generated by human beings and other
living organisms are absorbed by the environment.
They gradually disappear and become part of
environment.
• Environment sustains life by providing genetic and
bio diversity.
• Environment can perform its functions well if they
are within the carrying capacity of environment.
 Carrying Capacity implies that:
(a) The rate of resource extraction should be less than
the rate of resource formation.
(b) Generation of waste should be with in the
absorptive capacity of the environment.
Large scale pollution and depletion of
resources
CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
RAPID GROWTH OF POPULATION
AIR POLLUTION
WATER CONTAMINATION
AFFLUENT CONSUMPTION STANDARDS
ILLITERACY
INDUSTRIALISATION
URBANISATION
REDUCTION OF FOREST COVERAGE
POACHING
GLOBAL WARMING
RAPID GROWTH OF POPULATION
• Rapid growth of population results in large scale
utilisation of resources. Resources get exhausted.

• It also leads to large scale generation of waste. It is

beyond the absorptive capacity of the environment.
AIR POLLUTION
• Air pollution refers to the addition of harmful
substances to the atmosphere.
• Industrial development and the increased use of
motor vehicles caused large scale pollution of the
air.
• Carbon di oxide content is increasing. It leads to
Global Warming.
• The addition of CFC gases leads to ozone layer
depletion.
• Several diseases spread due to air pollution.
WATER CONTAMINATION
• Water contamination refers to the addition of
harmful substances to water.
• The dumbing of urban waste and waste water
causes water pollution.
• Waste water from industrial units is taken to water
bodies like river.
• The polluted water cannot be used by man.
• Several health problems are caused by polluted
water.
• Aquatic organisms die due to water pollution.
AFFLUENT CONSUMPTION STANDARDS
• Over consumption of resources by rich people and
developed countries leads to resource depletion.
• It also leads to the generation of more waste.
• The environment gets polluted.
ILLITERACY
 Illiteracy
• Illiteracy and ignorance among the people can also
cause damage to environment.
• Ignorant people may over use resources.
• The may waste large amounts of resources.
• They do not know how to dispose off the waste in a
safe manner.
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
 INDUSTRIALISATION
• Industrial units cause air, land , water and sound
pollution.
• Smoke from the factories pollutes the air.
• Waste water from factories pollutes the water
bodies.
• Machines cause sound pollution.
• Solid waste from industrial units are dumbed on
land.
URBANISATION
 URBANISATION
• Growth of cities resulted in resource depletion.
• Land available for agriculture reduced.
• Waste from urban areas cause land, water and air
pollution. Increase in demand for houses resulted in
large scale cutting of trees.
REDUCTION OF FOREST COVERAGE
 REDUCTION IN FOREST COVERAGE
• Large scale deforestation resulted in environmental
degradation.
• It resulted in increase in CO2 and Global Warming.
• It resulted in landslides in hilly areas.

• It resulted in reduction of rainfall.

• It led to climate change and flash floods.
POACHING
 • POACHING

• It refers to hunting and killing of animals.

• It resulted in disturbing the ecological balance.

• Many animals and birds have become endangered.

• Some have already become extinct.

GLOBAL WARMING
 • GLOBAL WARMING
• Increase in CO2 and Green House effect resulted in
Global Warming.
• Atmospheric temperature keep on increasing.
• Polar ice sheets will melt and low lying coastal areas
will submerge in water.
• It also leads to climate change and several natural
disasters.
• Tropical storms will become stronger.
• Tropical diseases will spread faster.
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
 OZONE LAYER DEPLETION

• The ozone layer that protects the earth from the

ultra violet rays is depleted.

• Holes have been formed.

• It is due to the use of CFC gases.

• Cancer and other deadly diseases will spread.

Opportunity Cost of Negative Environmental Impact

• The Government has to spend a lot of money to

reduce the negative effects of Global Warming and
Ozone layer depletion.
• Health expenditure also increased due to pollution
of air and water.
• All these show that the opportunity cost of negative
environmental impact is very high.
 • LAND DEGRADATION
• Reduction in the quality of land due to natural and
human factors.
 Factors contributing to Land Degradation in India
• Deforestation
• Shifting Cultivation
• Cutting of trees and plants for fuel and fodder
• Over Irrigation
• Over utilisation of ground water
• Encroachment in to forests
POLLUTION
 POLLUTION

• Addition of harmful substances in to air, land and

water is called pollution.

• Air pollution, Water Pollution, Land Pollution and

Sound Pollution are different types of pollution.

 AIR POLLUTION
Addition of harmful solid particles and gases
to the air is called air pollution.
 • STEPS TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY
VEHICLES

• Use clean fuels like Compressed Natural Gas(CNG)

• Replace petrol and diesel vehicles with electric

vehicles.

• Vehicles should be serviced regularly.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Economic development that does not damage the
environment and at the same time takes care of the
needs of the future generations is called Sustainable
Development.
• The future generations should get the conditions
needed to lead a good quality life.
 STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Use Non Conventional Sources of Energy.

• Use clean fuels like natural gas

• Set up mini hydel plants

• Traditional knowledge and practices.
• Use bio manure
• Use biological methods of pest control.
MINI HYDEL PLANTS
 MINI HYDEL PLANTS
• They are environment friendly

• The cost of establishing the plant is low.

• It does not require large scale transmission towers

and cables.
• Local streams are used to set up plants. It makes the
villages self sufficient in electric power.
 R
ROLE OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 ROLE OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN PROTECTING
ENVIRONMENT AND SUATAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Traditional agriculture uses bio manure and

biological methods of pest control. Chemicals are not
used.
Traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda
and Siddha use herbal medicines. They do not use
chemicals.
Traditional methods of house construction are
environment friendly.
BIO COMPOST
Bio-compost means plant matter that has been
decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer or manure
 ROLE OF BIO COMPOST IN PROTECTING
ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Compost made of organic waste is very good bio
manure.
• The farmers can substitute chemical fertilisers with
bio compost.
• Organic food is tasty and nutritious.
• Less irrigation is needed when bio compost is used.
• It is renewable and reduces pollution.
 • IMPORTANCE OF BIO PEST
(BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF PEST CONTROL)
• Chemicals used to control pest damages soil and
environment. Bio pest can substitute chemicals.
• Need based pesticides are environment friendly and
free from side effects.
• Various animals and birds like snakes and lizards can
be used for pest control.
• Mixed cropping and crop rotation also help to
control pests.
UNSUATAINABLE PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION – LEADS TO
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
 • UNSUSTAINABLE PATTERN OF CONSUMPTION AND
PRODUCTION – LEADS TO ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
• Increase in income and purchasing power lead to
wastage of resources by people.
• Consumerism leads to the purchase of unwanted
goods.
• Education, spread of awareness and legal measures
should be taken to avoid over utilisation and
wastage of resources.
BIO DIVERSITY
 Bio diversity

• Bio diversity refers to the availability of different

species plants and animals in a locality. India is rich

in bio diversity.
 • Supply – demand relation ship of resources

• The demand for resources is increasing at a high rate. At

the same time, the rate of formation of resources is very
low. This leads to depletion of resources and
environmental degradation.
• In the past the demand for resources was less
than the rate of formation of resources and the waste
generation was with the absorptive capacity of the
environment. So environmental crisis did not take place.
 • INDIA – RICH IN NATURAL RESOURCES

• Northern plains are highly fertile agricultural lands

• Peninsular plateau is rich in minerals.

• Plains of Assam, plains of Gujarat and coastal areas

are rich in petroleum deposits.
• India had diverse and rich flora.
• India has diverse fauna.
THANK YOU