NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION

TOPIC : ANIMALS
1 Mammal Warm-blooded vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of
mammary glands and typically having hair or fur.
2 Reptile Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that have dry, scaly skin and lay
eggs on land.
3 Amphibian Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that typically spend part of their
lives in water and part on land, such as frogs and salamanders.
4 Bird Warm-blooded vertebrate animals characterized by feathers, a beak,
and the ability to lay eggs.
5 Fish Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that live in water and are typically
equipped with gills for breathing and fins for swimming.
6 Invertebrate Animals that do not have a backbone, such as insects, spiders, and
mollusks.
7 Vertebrate Animals that have a backbone or spinal column, including mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
8 Carnivore Animals that primarily eat meat.
9 Herbivore Animals that primarily eat plants.
10 Omnivore Animals that eat both plants and meat.
11 Predator Animals that hunt and kill other animals for food.
12 Prey Animals that are hunted and eaten by predators.
13 Endangered Species that are at risk of extinction due to factors such as habitat
loss, pollution, and hunting.
14 Extinct Species that no longer exist in the wild or anywhere else.
15 Habitat The natural environment or home of an animal or plant species.
16 Ecosystem A community of organisms interacting with each other and their
physical environment.
17 Adaptation A characteristic or behavior that helps an organism survive and
reproduce in its environment.
18 Camouflage The ability of an animal to blend in with its surroundings to avoid
detection by predators or prey.
19 Migration The seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
20 Hibernation A state of dormancy or inactivity in animals during the winter months
to conserve energy.
21 Instinct An innate behavior or response that is inherited and not learned.
22 Conservation The protection and preservation of natural resources, including
animals, plants, and ecosystems.
23 Wildlife Animals living in their natural habitat in a forest.
24 Biodiversity The variety of life forms found in a particular ecosystem or on Earth.
25 Territory An area defended by an animal against intruders of the same species.
26 Breeding season The time of year when animals engage in mating and reproduction.
27 Reproduction The process by which organisms produce offspring.
28 Gestation period The duration of pregnancy in mammals, from conception to birth.
29 Mutualism A symbiotic relationship between two species in which both benefit
from the interaction.
30 Commensalism A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one benefits
and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
31 Parasitism A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one benefits
at the expense of the other.
32 Endothermic Animals that regulate their body temperature internally and maintain
NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
a constant body temperature, also known as warm-blooded.
33 Ectothermic Animals that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body
temperature and have variable body temperatures, also known as
cold-blooded.
34 Nocturnal Animals that are active primarily during the night.
35 Diurnal Animals that are active primarily during the day.
36 Crepuscular Animals that are active primarily during the twilight hours at dawn
and dusk.
37 Terrestrial Animals that live primarily on land.
38 Aquatic Animals that live primarily in water.
39 Arboreal Animals that live primarily in trees.
40 Anthropomorphism The attribution of human characteristics, emotions, or behaviors to
animals.
41 Zooplankton Small, heterotrophic organisms that drift in the water column of
aquatic ecosystems, including tiny animals such as copepods and krill.
42 Crypsis The ability of an animal to avoid detection by predators through
camouflage or mimicry.
43 Oviparous Reproduction involving the laying of eggs that hatch outside the
body, as seen in birds, reptiles, and some fish.
44 Viviparous Reproduction involving the birth of live young that develop inside the
mother's body, as seen in most mammals and some reptiles and fish.
45 Monotreme A mammal that lays eggs, such as the platypus and echidna.
46 Marsupial A mammal that carries its young in a pouch, such as kangaroos,
koalas, and opossums.
47 Ungulate A hoofed mammal, including species such as horses, cattle, deer, and
giraffes.
TOPIC : FOREST
48 Forest A large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth.
49 Canopy The upper layer of vegetation in a forest formed by the crowns of
trees.
50 Understory The layer of vegetation beneath the canopy formed by smaller trees,
shrubs, and plants.
51 Tree A large perennial plant with a single woody stem and typically a single
main trunk.
52 Deciduous Trees that shed their leaves annually.
53 Evergreen Trees that retain their leaves or needles throughout the year.
54 Coniferous Trees that bear cones and typically have needle-like or scale-like
leaves.
55 Biodiversity The variety of plant and animal species found in a forest ecosystem.
56 Ecosystem A community of organisms interacting with each other and their
physical environment in a forest.
57 Habitat The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other
organism in a forest.
58 Flora The plant life or vegetation of a particular region or forest.
59 Fauna The animal life of a particular region or forest.
60 Deforestation The clearing or removal of trees from a forest, typically for
agriculture, logging, or urban development.
61 Reforestation The process of replanting trees in areas where forests have been
cleared or degraded.
NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
62 Logging The process of cutting down, processing, and transporting trees for
timber or wood products.
63 Conservation The protection and preservation of forests and their biodiversity.
64 Wilderness A large area of undeveloped land in a forest that has not been
significantly altered by human activity.
65 Biomass The total mass of living organisms in a forest, including trees, plants,
and animals.
66 Ecotourism Tourism focused on visiting natural areas, including forests, to
observe wildlife and learn about conservation efforts.
67 Indigenous peoples The original inhabitants of a forest region who have traditional
knowledge and cultural connections to the land.
68 Forest floor The lowest layer of vegetation in a forest, consisting of fallen leaves,
branches, and decomposing organic matter.
69 Forest fire A natural or human-caused fire that burns vegetation and organic
matter in a forest, influencing forest ecology and regeneration.
70 Riparian Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or stream, often used
to describe vegetation or habitats adjacent to water bodies in
forests.
71 Arboreal Relating to or inhabiting trees, often used to describe animals that
spend a significant portion of their lives in trees, such as monkeys and
sloths.
72 Mycorrhiza A symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, where the
fungus provides nutrients to the plant in exchange for carbohydrates.
73 Epiphyte A plant that grows on the surface of another plant, typically trees,
without being parasitic, such as mosses, ferns, and orchids.
74 Xerophyte A plant adapted to survive in dry or arid environments, often
characterized by reduced leaves, thick cuticles, and water-storing
tissues.
75 Allelopathy The biochemical interaction between plants, where one plant
releases chemicals that inhibit the growth of neighboring plants,
influencing species composition and competition in forests.
76 Dendrochronology The study of tree rings and their use in dating past events, such as
climate variations and forest disturbances.
77 Defoliation The loss of leaves from trees and other plants, often caused by
insects, diseases, or environmental stressors.
78 Rhizosphere The soil region directly influenced by plant roots, where interactions
between roots, microorganisms, and soil particles occur in forests.
79 Monoculture The cultivation of a single species or variety of plants in a given area,
often associated with commercial forestry practices that prioritize
timber production.
80 Fungi A diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that play important roles in
forest ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts, and pathogens.
81 Cryptogam A group of non-flowering plants, including mosses, ferns, and algae,
often found in forest understories and other shaded habitats.
82 Saproxylic Relating to organisms that depend on decaying wood for part or all
of their life cycle, such as certain insects, fungi, and bacteria.
TOPIC : ECOLOGY
83 Ecology The study of the relationships between organisms and their
environment.
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84 Species A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile
offspring.
85 Population A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
86 Community All the populations of different species that interact in a particular
ecosystem.
87 Producer Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis, such as plants and algae.
88 Consumer Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms, such as
animals and fungi.
89 Decomposer Organisms that break down dead organic matter and recycle
nutrients back into the ecosystem, such as bacteria and fungi.
90 Food chain A linear sequence of organisms in an ecosystem, where each
organism is eaten by the one above it and eats the one below it.
91 Food web A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem,
representing the flow of energy and nutrients between organisms.
92 Abiotic factor Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature,
sunlight, soil, and water.
93 Biotic factor Living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, fungi,
and bacteria.
94 Competition The struggle between individuals or species for limited resources,
such as food, water, and habitat.
95 Predation The act of one organism (predator) killing and consuming another
organism (prey) for food.
96 Ecotone A transitional area between two distinct ecosystems, characterized
by a mix of species from each ecosystem and unique ecological
processes.
97 Trophic cascade A phenomenon in which changes in the abundance or behavior of
organisms at one trophic level in an ecosystem cascade down to
affect other trophic levels.
98 Biogeochemical cycle The cycling of chemical elements and compounds between living
organisms, the atmosphere, water bodies, and the Earth's crust,
including cycles such as the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and
phosphorus cycle.
99 Autotroph An organism that can produce its own food using energy from
sunlight (photosynthesis) or inorganic compounds (chemosynthesis),
such as plants and certain bacteria.
100 Heterotroph An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by consuming other
organisms, such as animals, fungi, and most bacteria.
101 Biomagnification The process by which the concentration of certain substances, such
as toxins or pollutants, increases in organisms at higher trophic levels
of a food chain or food web.
102 Microhabitat A small-scale habitat within a larger ecosystem that differs in
environmental conditions, such as temperature, moisture, and
substrate, and supports unique species assemblages.
103 Ecological footprint A measure of human impact on the environment based on the
amount of natural resources consumed and waste generated per
capita.
104 Edge effect The phenomenon in which ecological conditions and species
composition change along the boundary between two different
habitats or ecosystems.
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105 Ecological The study of the balance of chemical elements and compounds in
stoichiometry ecological systems, including their distribution, cycling, and
availability to organisms.
SPELLING BEE SIMULATION
PENYISIHAN

NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
TOPIC : ANIMALS
1 Amphibian Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that typically spend part of their
lives in water and part on land, such as frogs and salamanders.
2 Extinct Species that no longer exist in the wild or anywhere else.
3 Nocturnal Animals that are active primarily during the night.
4 Zooplankton Small, heterotrophic organisms that drift in the water column of
aquatic ecosystems, including tiny animals such as copepods and krill.
TOPIC : FOREST
5 Reforestation The process of replanting trees in areas where forests have been
cleared or degraded.
6 Conservation The protection and preservation of forests and their biodiversity.
7 Fungi A diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that play important roles in
forest ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts, and pathogens.
TOPIC : ECOLOGY
8 Ecology The study of the relationships between organisms and their
environment.
9 Decomposer Organisms that break down dead organic matter and recycle
nutrients back into the ecosystem, such as bacteria and fungi.
10 Abiotic factor Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature,
sunlight, soil, and water.

SEMI FINAL

NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
TOPIC : ANIMALS
1 Mammal Warm-blooded vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of
mammary glands and typically having hair or fur.
2 Migration The seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.
3 Parasitism A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one benefits
at the expense of the other.
TOPIC : FOREST
4 Deciduous Trees that shed their leaves annually.
5 Forest fire A natural or human-caused fire that burns vegetation and organic
matter in a forest, influencing forest ecology and regeneration.
6 Riparian Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or stream, often used
to describe vegetation or habitats adjacent to water bodies in
forests.
TOPIC : ECOLOGY
7 Consumer Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms, such as
animals and fungi.
 NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
8 Autotroph An organism that can produce its own food using energy from
sunlight (photosynthesis) or inorganic compounds (chemosynthesis),
such as plants and certain bacteria.

NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
TOPIC : ANIMALS
1 Reptile Cold-blooded vertebrate animals that have dry, scaly skin and lay
eggs on land.
2 Hibernation A state of dormancy or inactivity in animals during the winter months
to conserve energy.
3 Commensalism A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one benefits
and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
TOPIC : FOREST
4 Coniferous Trees that bear cones and typically have needle-like or scale-like
leaves.
5 Forest floor The lowest layer of vegetation in a forest, consisting of fallen leaves,
branches, and decomposing organic matter.
6 Arboreal Relating to or inhabiting trees, often used to describe animals that
spend a significant portion of their lives in trees, such as monkeys and
sloths.
TOPIC : ECOLOGY
7 Producer Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis, such as plants and algae.
8 Heterotroph An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by consuming other
organisms, such as animals, fungi, and most bacteria.

FINAL

NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
TOPIC : ANIMALS
1
2
3
4
TOPIC : FOREST
5 Epiphyte A plant that grows on the surface of another plant, typically trees,
without being parasitic, such as mosses, ferns, and orchids.
6
7
8
TOPIC : ECOLOGY
9
10
11
12
B

NO VOCABULLARIES DEFINITION
TOPIC : ANIMALS
1
2
3
4
TOPIC : FOREST
5 Xerophyte A plant adapted to survive in dry or arid environments, often
characterized by reduced leaves, thick cuticles, and water-storing
tissues.
6
7
8
TOPIC : ECOLOGY
9
10
11
12