MBA Wallah
PIONEER (CAT)
Practice Test – 31
VARC
Directions (1–5): Read the following passage and
answer the question that follows:
Digital life is augmenting human capacities and
disrupting eons–old human activities. Code–driven
systems have spread to more than half of the world’s
inhabitants in ambient information and connectivity,
offering previously unimagined opportunities and
unprecedented threats. As emerging algorithm–driven
artificial intelligence (AI) continues to spread, will people
be better off than they are today?
The experts predicted networked artificial intelligence
will amplify human effectiveness but also threaten human
autonomy, agency and capabilities. They spoke of the
wide–ranging possibilities; that computers might match
or even exceed human intelligence and capabilities on
tasks such as complex decision–making, reasoning and
learning, sophisticated analytics and pattern recognition,
visual acuity, speech recognition and language
translation. They said “smart” systems in communities, in
vehicles, in buildings and utilities, on farms and in
business processes will save time, money and lives and
offer opportunities for individuals to enjoy a more–
customized future.
Many focused their optimistic remarks on health care and
the many possible applications of AI in diagnosing and
treating patients or helping senior citizens live fuller and
healthier lives. Additionally, a number of these experts
predicted that AI would abet long–anticipated changes in
formal and informal education systems.
Yet, most experts, regardless of whether they are
optimistic or not, expressed concerns about the long–term
impact of these new tools on the essential elements of
being human. All respondents in this non–scientific
canvassing were asked to elaborate on why they felt AI
would leave people better off or not. Many shared deep
worries, and many also suggested pathways toward
solutions. The main themes they sounded about threats
and remedies are outlined in the accompanying table.
A number of the thought leaders who participated in this
canvassing said humans’ expanding reliance on
technological systems will only go well if close attention
is paid to how these tools, platforms and networks are
engineered, distributed and updated. Some of the
powerful, overarching answers included those from:
Sonia Katyal, co–director of the Berkeley Center for Law
and Technology and a member of the inaugural U.S.
Commerce Department Digital Economy Board of
Advisors, predicted, “In 2030, the greatest set of questions
will involve how perceptions of AI and their application
will influence the trajectory of civil rights in the future.
Questions about privacy, speech, the right of assembly
and technological construction of personhood will all re–
emerge in this new AI context, throwing into question our
deepest–held beliefs about equality and opportunity for
all. Who will benefit and who will be disadvantaged in
this new world depends on how broadly we analyze these
questions today, for the future.”
Erik Brynjolfsson, director of the MIT Initiative on the
Digital Economy and author of “Machine, Platform,
Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future,” said, “AI and
related technologies have already achieved superhuman
performance in many areas, and there is little doubt that
their capabilities will improve, probably very
significantly, by 2030. … I think it is more likely than not
that we will use this power to make the world a better
place. For instance, we can virtually eliminate global
poverty, massively reduce disease and provide better
education to almost everyone on the planet. That said, AI
and ML [machine learning] can also be used to
increasingly concentrate wealth and power, leaving many
people behind, and to create even more horrifying
weapons. Neither outcome is inevitable, so the right
question is not ‘What will happen?’ but ‘What will we
choose to do?’ We need to work aggressively to make sure
technology matches our values. This can and must be
done at all levels, from government, to business, to
academia, and to individual choices.”

1. In the passage, what is the primary concern
expressed by the experts regarding the impact of
emerging algorithm–driven artificial
intelligence?
(a) The experts are worried about the significant
reduction in the capabilities of human
because of the introduction of artificial
intelligence.
(b) The experts are concerned that that AI
wouldn't be able to match the level of human
intelligence and it will lead to inefficiencies.
(c) The experts are showing their concern
regarding the potential threats to human
autonomy and agency posed by AI.
(d) The experts are majorly concerned about the
misuse of AI technology for personal
benefits.
2. If the predictions and ideas of experts which are
stated by the author are kept in mind what would
be the one inference which doesn’t supports the
central idea of the passage?
(a) The concern about AI's impact on human
autonomy and agency is overblown as it lacks
substantial evidence and exaggerate potential
risk.
(b) Many experts are optimistic about the
positive impact of AI on healthcare and
education domains.
(c) Experts have acknowledged that AI
technology have the potential to eliminate
global poverty and disease, and provide
better education.
(d) The majority of respondents believe that
people will be better off in 2030 because of
the advencement achieved by AI till then.
3. According to the passage, if validated, which one
of these statements would illuminate Erik
Brynjolfsson's viewpoint regarding the effects of
AI and machine learning?
(a) He argues that AI and machine learning will
primarily benefit governments and large
corporations while acknowledging the
influence of human decisions.
MBA Wallah
(b) He suggests that the positive or negative
impact of AI and machine learning depends
on human choices and actions.
(c) He is confident that AI and machine learning
will have no significant impact on society by
2030.
(d) He believes that AI and machine learning will
inevitably lead to global poverty and disease.
4. Which of the following statements accurately
reflects the view of Sonia Katyal, as presented in
the passage regarding the impact of AI?
(a) Sonia Katyal predicts that AI's impact on
civil rights will have a minimal influence on
the future trajectory of society.
(b) Sonia Katyal believes that AI will resolve all
privacy and equality concerns related to
technological advancements.
(c) Sonia Katyal argues that AI's influence on
civil rights could challenge prevailing beliefs
about equality and opportunity.
(d) Sonia Katyal suggests that AI's application
will not raise any questions about privacy,
speech, or individual rights.
5. Which option contradicts the concerns expressed
by experts about the impact of AI on human
autonomy and agency, as discussed in the
passage?
(a) AI's capacity to surpass human intelligence in
tasks holds potential for transformative
advancements across domains.
(b) AI's rise is anticipated to prompt inquiries
about equity and civil liberties, necessitating
thoughtful societal considerations.
(c) Society's response to AI's influence rests on
human decisions, shaping its impact through
proactive endeavors.
(d) Expanding AI envisions a tailored future,
catering to individual needs, influencing
various aspects of life.
 MBA Wallah

LRDI QUANT

Directions (6–10) : Read the following passage and 11. Find the range of the following data
answer the questions that follow.
6 Friends Ashneer, Bharat, Chandu, Daymond, Emma, Class 0–9 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49
and Finn were seated around a circular table. Some were Frequency 5 2 6 3 4
facing outside the circle while some of them were facing
inside of the circle. Further, it is known that Bharat and (a) 50 (b) 48
Finn were seated opposite to each other and were facing (c) 47 (d) 46
the same direction. Ashneer was to the immediate right of
Daymond and opposite to Chandu who was facing 12. Let the assumed mean be 50,∑fi di = 165 and ∑
outside. Emma was facing towards the centre. The fi = 5 then what is x ?
immediate neighbours of Finn were facing opposite (a) 49 (b) 25
directions. Ashneer was second to the left of Bharat and (c) 83 (d) 61
immediate neighbours of Bharat will face the opposite
direction. 13. The following is the number of girls in 15
families of a particular building. Find the mean of
6. Who was second to the left of Emma? a girl child per family.
(a) Bharat (b) Chandu 4, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1, 0, 4, 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 2, 3.
(c) Ashneer (d) Daymond
14. The mean of ten numbers is 35. If one number is
7. Who was third to the right of Emma? excluded, then the mean is 24, then find the
(a) Bharat (b) Chandu excluded number.
(c) Daymond (d) Finn
15. Find the mean of the last two observations. If the
8. Who among the following were facing in the mean of all the observations is 20
same direction? x, x + 2, x + 5, x + 6, x + 7
1. Chandu
2. Bharat 16. There are three distinct circles and 4 distinct lines
3. Daymond drawn in the same plane. Find the maximum
(a) 1 and 2 number of points of intersection of any two of
(b) 2 and 3 these 7 geometrical shapes
(c) 1 and 3 (a) 12 (b) 24
(d) All three are facing the same direction (c) 30 (d) 36

9. Who was seated second to the right of Ashneer? 17. There are 10 points in space, of which 5 points
(a) Bharat (b) Chandu are in the same plane. Apart from these 5, no other
(c) Daymond (d) Emma 4 points are in the same plane. How many
different planes are present in the space that have
10. What is the position of Chandu with respect to at least three out of these 10 points.
Bharat? (a) 109 (b) 110
(a) 2nd to the right (c) 111 (d) 112
(b) 2nd to the left
(c) immediate right
(d) immediate left
 MBA Wallah

18. The following image is that of a road network 20. The seating arrangement around a boxing ring is
between two towns A and B. A person starts from in the form of two concentric circles, the inner
A and reaches B by the shortest route. He further circle having 20 seats and the outer circle having
returns from B to A, again using the shortest route 30 seats. In how many ways can 50 people be
possible. How many distinct paths are present for seated in this arrangement?
a person to travel from A to B and back to A, (a) 19! × 30!
using the shortest possible route (two paths are (b) 29! × 20!
identical only when the entire path is made of the (c) 19! ×30! + 29! × 20!
same roads). (d) 2 × 49!

(a) 7056 (b) 5642

(c) 512 (d) 168

19. In how many ways can you distribute 5 distinct

marbles into 3 groups, such that each group
consists of at least one marble?
 MBA Wallah

VARC
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)

LRDI
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c)

QUANT
11. (a) 13. (2) 15. (22.5) 17. (c) 19. (25)
12. (c) 14. (134) 16. (d) 18. (a) 20. (d)

Hints & Solutions
VARC
1. (c)
Explanation – The passage states that the experts
has predicted that networked artificial intelligence
will amplify human effectiveness but also threaten
human autonomy, agency, and capabilities. They
worry that AI may lead to challenges related to
essential elements of being human, indicating
concerns about the potential loss of control and
autonomy in the face of AI–driven systems. This
supports the idea that the experts are concerned
about the potential threats posed by AI.
Incorrect Answers–
Option A – The passage doesn't mention that
experts are concerned about reduction in human
capabilities because of presence of AI. Though it
can be read as an underlying statement that
presence of AI might harm the creative or other
capabilities of human if people start relying too
much on it but the harm is a later effect and it will
only take place if humans rely too much on it. While
our primary concern is what the AI can do
potentially if it exceeds human intelligence. Hence,
it's not the correct answer.
Option B – There are no concerns about the
inability of AI matching to human intelligence in
the passage as AI are advanced enough to perform
innumerable tasks. In fact, it is stated as a
possibility that it might exceed human intelligence
and capabilities.
Option D – This option can look like the correct
one as in the passage, economic concerns are
mentioned but the main focus is related to human
autonomy and agency. so, we can say it is one of
the concerns presented by the experts but this is not
the major concern. hence, this option is not correct.
2. (a)
Explanation – The author has presented this idea
that while there are optimistic views about the
positive impact of AI, experts have also shown their
concern about the threats it poses to human agency
and autonomy. This option contradicts the idea by
MBA Wallah
suggesting that concerns shown by the experts are
overblown and they lack evidence too. Hence, it
weaken the main idea presented in the passage.
Incorrect Answers–
Option B – This option is same as the author's as it
is stating that the experts are optimistic about the
positive impacts AI is going to cast on the
healthcare and human education. This option
supports the idea presented in the passage hence, it
is not the correct option.
Option C – This option too presents the predictions
by the experts that in the near future it is possible
for AI to eliminate global poverty, reduce disease,
improve healthcare and provide a better education
to the kids. It is not opposing the idea presented in
the passage.
Option D – In the passage, it is said that the experts
believe that people will be living a better life by the
year 2030 because of the advancements of AI.
Hence, the option is incorrect.
3. (b)
Explanation – In the passage, Erik Brynjolfsson's
view is presented where he states that the AI can
only harm human capability when the humans
would allow it do so. He also stated that the
outcomes of AI and machine learning are not
predetermined but it depends on how technology
aligns with human values. This option correctly
reflects the perspective stated by Erik making it the
correct option.
Incorrect Answers–
Option A – In the passage, there is no mention of
Erik Brynjolfsson committing to the idea that AI
will primarily benifit governments and large
corporatons. Instead he focuses on the point that in
order to stop people from using AI for their
personal benefits we must make sure to make
informed and valuable decisions on all levels be it
individual, bussiness or government.
Option C – Instead of the statement mentioned in
the option, Erik believes that AI has the potential to
change the world for good. furthermore, he has
shown his belief in not only the positive impacts of
 MBA Wallah

AI but also in the negative impacts of AI on the Option B – This option aligns with the concerns
world. expressed by experts, as they predict that AI will
Option D – The viewpoint that AI will lead to raise questions about equality and civil rights.
global poverty and disease is not stated by Erik Option C – This option supports the concerns
Brynjolfsson rather he emphasizes on the fact that expressed by experts by emphasizing the role of
with the help of AI we can virtually eliminate proactive human choices in determining AI's
global poverty, and massively reduce disease along impact on society.
with providing better education to kids. hence, it is
an incorrect option. LDRI
4. (c) 6. (c)
Explanation – In the given passage, Sonia Katyal Ashneer was to the immediate right of Daymond
presents her views on the prediction that the and opposite to Chandu who was facing outside.
questions about AI's impact on civil rights will Case 1:
influence the trajectory of civil rights in the future
and raise questions about equality and opportunity.
Option C accurately captures this perspective.
Incorrect Answer –
Option A – In the passage, it is present that Sonia
has not predicted a minimal influence; instead, it
presents her perspective on AI's potential to
influence civil rights.
Option B – It is not stated that Sonia Katyal
believes that AI will resolve all privacy and equality
concerns related to technological advancements. Case 2:
Sonia said that all these questions about privacy,
speech, the right of assembly etc. will be seen in a
new context of AI.
Option D – The passage presents Sonia Katyal's
view as predicting that AI's application will indeed
raise questions about privacy, speech, and
individual rights, making option D incorrect.

5. (d)
Explanation – The passage presents experts Bharat and Finn were seated opposite to each other
expressing concerns about the potential threats to and were facing the same direction.
human autonomy and agency due to AI. Option D Ashneer was second to the left of Bharat and
contradicts these concerns by suggesting a positive immediate neighbours of Bharat will face the
impact on a more–customized future for opposite direction.
individuals. Hence, it is the right answer. Case 1:
Incorrect Answers–
Option A – This option supports the concerns
expressed by experts by indicating AI's potential to
match or exceed human intelligence, posing a
challenge to human capabilities.
 MBA Wallah

But Finn was seated opposite Bharat. Hence this Case 2:

case is invalid.
Case 2:

Bharat and Finn were seated opposite to each other

Now,
The immediate neighbours of Finn were facing
opposite directions.
Emma was facing towards the centre.
This means that Ashneer was facing outside.
Finally, we have:
and were facing same direction.
Ashneer was second to the left of Bharat and
immediate neighbours of Bharat will face opposite
direction.
Case 1:

But Finn was seated opposite Bharat. Hence this

Ashneer was seated second to the left of Emma. case is invalid.
Case 2:
7. (c)
Ashneer was to the immediate right of Daymond
and opposite to Chandu who was facing outside.
Case 1:

Now,
The immediate neighbours of Finn were facing
opposite directions.
Emma was facing towards the centre.
This means that Ashneer was facing outside.
 MBA Wallah

Finally, we have: Case 1:

Hence, Daymond was third to the right of Emma.

But Finn was seated opposite Bharat. Hence this
8. (a) case is invalid.
Ashneer was to the immediate right of Daymond Case 2:
and opposite to Chandu who was facing outside.
Case 1:

Now,
The immediate neighbours of Finn were facing
Case 2: opposite directions.
Emma was facing towards the centre.
This means that Ashneer was facing outside.
Finally, we have:

Bharat and Finn were seated opposite to each other

and were facing same direction. Hence, Bharat and Chandu were facing the same
Ashneer was second to the left of Bharat and direction.
immediate neighbours of Bharat will face opposite
direction.
 MBA Wallah

9. (a) Case 2:
Ashneer was to the immediate right of Daymond
and opposite to Chandu who was facing outside.
Case 1:

Now,
The immediate neighbours of Finn were facing
opposite directions.
Case 2: Emma was facing towards the centre.
This means that Ashneer was facing outside.
Finally, we have:

Bharat and Finn were seated opposite to each other

and were facing same direction. Hence, Bharat was seated second to the right of
Ashneer was second to the left of Bharat and Ashneer.
immediate neighbours of Bharat will face opposite
direction. 10. (c)
Case 1: Ashneer was to the immediate right of Daymond
and opposite to Chandu who was facing outside.
Case 1:

But Finn was seated opposite Bharat. Hence this

case is invalid.
 MBA Wallah

Case 2: The immediate neighbours of Finn were facing

opposite directions.
Emma was facing towards the centre.
This means that Ashneer was facing outside.
Finally, we have:

Bharat and Finn were seated opposite to each other

and were facing same direction.
Ashneer was second to the left of Bharat and
immediate neighbours of Bharat will face opposite
direction.
Case 1: Hence, Chandu was to the immediate right of
Bharat.

QUANT

11. (a)
The class intervals are –0.5 – 9.5 , 9.5 – 19.5 , 19.5
–29.5 ,29.5 –39.5 , 39.5 – 49.5
Range = Maximum value – Minimum value = 49.5
– (– 0.5) = 50

12. (c)
Σfi di
x= a + where ‘a’ is the assumed mean;
But Finn was seated opposite Bharat. Hence this Σ fi
case is invalid. Therefore mean will be
Case 2: 165
50 +
5
= 50 + 33
= 83

13. (2)
Total number of families = 15

Mean =
∑x
n
4 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 3 +1 + 0 + 4 +1 + 2 + 0 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 3
=
15
30
Now, =
15
=2
 MBA Wallah

14. (134) 17. (c)

Sum of ten numbers = 35 × 10 = 350 A plane is uniquely identified/determined by 3
Let the excluded number be x points
Sum of remaining nine numbers = 350 – x From the 10 points, 3 points can be selected in 10C3
350 − x = 120 ways.
New Mean = =24 However, whenever 3 points are chosen from the 5
9
x = 134 coplanar, we would count the same plane over and
over again. Thus number of ways of selecting 3
points out of the 5 coplanar points = 5C3 = 10 ways.
15. (22.5)
Thus this same plane will be counted a total of 10
x + x + 2+ x +5+ x +6+x +7
Mean = times, whereas it must be counted just once.
5
Thus, answer= 120 – 10 + 1 = 111.
5x + 20
= =x+4
5 18. (a)
⇒ x + 4 = 20 For the shortest path, we will need to move
x = 16 horizontally' 6 road segments and 'vertically' 3 road
Mean of last two observations segments. Each arrangement of h h h h h h v v v
(16 + 6) + (16 + 7) will result in a distinct path from A to B
=
2 Thus, the number of ways to travel from A to B is
45 9!
= = 22.5 or 9C3 i.e 84.
2 6!*3!
The number of ways to travel from B to A will also
16. (d) be the same, 84
2 circles can intersect each other in maximum 2 And since we need to travel from A to B AND back
points. From 3 circles, we can select 2 circles in 3C2 from B to A , total number of different routes = 84
= 3 ways. Each of these selection of 2 circles will × 84 = 7056.
result in 2 points of intersection. Thus, among the
19. (25)
circles themselves, the number of maximum points
Here the size of the groups is not specified (except
of intersection is 3 × 2 = 6.
that it is atleast 1). Thus, the group sizes could be 1,
2 lines can intersect each other in maximum 1 point.
1, 3 OR 1, 2, 2. No other group sizes are possible
From 4 lines, we can select 2 lines in 4C2 = 6 ways.
The number of ways of dividing 5 distinct objects
Each of these selection of 2 lines will result in 1
5! 1
point of intersection. Thus, among the lines into 3 groups of size 1, 1, 3 is ∗
3! 2!
themselves, the number of maximum points of
The second fraction is because there are two groups
intersection is 6 × 1 = 6.
of same size, 1.
Lastly, each line can intersect 1 circle in maximum
Number of ways of forming groups of 1, 1, 3 is 10.
2 points. One line can be selected out of 4 lines in 4
The number of ways of dividing 5 distinct objects
ways. And one circle can be selected from 3 circles
5! 1
in 3 ways. Thus, the total number of intersection into 3 of groups size 1, 2, 2 is ∗ .
2! ∗ 2! 2!
points of a line with a circle = 4 × 3 × 2= 24.
The second fraction is because there are two groups
Required answer = 6 + 6 + 24 = 36.
of same size, 2.
Number of ways of forming groups of 1, 2, 2 is 15
Total answer= 10 + 15 = 25.
 MBA Wallah

20. (d) Thus, the first person has 2 choices.

For a circular layout, if there is no reference, all And the first person having exercised his choice,
chairs are identical. provides a reference for all others to come. And the
Thus, all chairs of the inner circle are identical to 2nd person can sit in 49 ways, third in 48 ways and
each other. And all the chairs of the outer circle are so on till the 50th person can sit in 1 way.
identical to each other. But the first person still has Thus, answer = 2 × 49!.
a choice – which circle to sit in? Inner or Outer?
These are obviously different, one circle is of larger
radius or has more chairs OR is further away from
the center.

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