PAGE Ma.

3
DAT 3IUG123
TECHNQUES OF POLYMERI2ATtON

aJechmuques are applueed jor addtien

amd not o comdemoalum Why?
Becanuatcmdemaauen ane olep-quaulh
pobymupalion uacuos(conttotlable 2
wuhl addulGon eaduany ane ughly
wmcnuodau as y are dhaum euh
Jyaes poymaugahin

ste quouth polamneugaien_

( Cordemaatian

Chaim
Ladditn
eulh
poymesunauam

pamsualuon
polnrmeugahom

Potymuraum ecvmuque

Condenhatom adcihon-

Mlt polytondonsatton Moma IBulk

2 Seludion polycmdensatto
3
2 Soluhon
Suopeo1on
Haleas
neus4 tmulston
 PAGE No-

Je amad th
the htat eet l
amd. Hamalen miligata
powmwugauom Jo the heat ouuctu aÞoduct
SS
PAGENa.

uaclou
ttchmauts
sount
cUmsthn
(toution
atom ,*.ea
poymu2aho,)l
polumau'aho,).
Pauud
unitialan
outg
apw
addim a
caoheule.
monomea_ (um luqLucl
empletytd potmuualuam iude olade)

Pokyacnlomiuule -PAN 5ures-E Jh mu huu canaleumtly agitatoed

moromana a »thn
Aonble wn Aotment amd heatocl la omemaaion
ut tymer
might not e Tompeatu tommp at wnchAmiialan
PAN pueptated out but will clacompeae
heat J uttu

Womegenouo
HeteLogencus
Buulk t Solutian
@nce
lopped
the ladun atautshalumg
(da eamaiel
enslhomii
eunhiatuma
cormlvelled
)
ao
ta

Buopenalomt mula pn
m onomensnot mib iblo eaimg packatnel ua Elan, caoluma_
with selment

Carumg wonls aan ilad uth wualo

Gulk Poymuugatiomn

Maso en lock potrymewaalin Qil

haaung mone homogenous ne
Pomasunalian d the mdlnted cerbuel Teratune nuhy?
momamu
Ol hats up Ceota doun hasln
3leck hene is met elatel ls araomld ham wwatwr 3tis dhu ta the lou
mmomeA aswm Aslock opatymouw hiat capacuty o ham nataJ

im,but hons blcte u elodeol to Wato

oil
 PAGE No -J7_
PAGE

(hugh wacaauly
u
dnamaucally
anam ok dugud
ttmpenauwo
to chamge to
7hus ol huaiumg dtcnt aae
the Heaclusuity he o
hot chamge much
un
marnmna uU
dulscccelenatien :
homogemouo Uhan_watur

Jiemmsolonl
du to tho

Mauj
dueemt
mall yA
TauA patymmo
lonalh mull da
aanamay

deumune d y ih ahaler
In qerwal,nale dpoty cdpemdo om eitinnlu
themade conslamta s miualuon chalm
pagatun ama Tomimatien
en
manone
201
Consdonable inereaoe un holh the adt 100
poy" ate and the MW hch, us hugh
vtseesHk

tommadonhr ehset_

chtsaccalsnaiom io dmdshenedont
intiato ond it waullo imv
1 he
500 1000 1500
Tim min)_
moucialule un tomp
Psly PMMA at 5o'c un the acmee e
uaalie wmeteaaein ate 4 poum benzat_peroyida inihafoa at auau
h
amd he mnlamesus' umeHoraL d
aw MW w amaed
moucta le de m he omimalum
ya Con c0 ntratio nS
(tinut salueut
8ulk xeo rastteatralyh
nmengn s

MA PMM
ben zane

Juat ldi{husten (oninalls od) CH3

eco
h
u
nate nt
nalu lmumaun
the anloaccalorauon me bem ze
ets benide
 PAGE Na.1-
PAGE No.

sduantagy 4Bulk 3 poym"

w stainsd th a bread
poly the hugh
MW iotuibutian du taheat
h
1 thenmal mole amo eaiwres
umalaben he pelymey
2 lack sy gad
dcoaulay
transfen:

oltaind pruu2 4 Vey lbw MW aw obtained

5 Nand ta au nneaAled
2.oge castmgs mag Je_fpepansd
m one
fod CGnta ct
udwuctt4 monom

te oulaim 1007 pelymaugakm

3Molteular hlught dustiibution_can
2asiy -changed uth dhe uae a
deL louw
COmANOLOm m
ulk ?
cham uamohen agert
dcenals=_
4 tel ALt 807. co OLOn mmomio JWmalm_
lange toueny cem he uasd

wlauity waAd fr
applucatian
oph'ca/
muiactud
omlaunallm
me nuwd
.
amd 0s Cam cauae
Js_amod comlamimaum
100V. -potymeunalion,Cut a
SOy wacealty stauts ncnRaolmg
5 melt pblupmen bappucain
tan
tauined he (gel oumaluan)
ped fr elacu' cal
Soluuon'.
tgadmamlages ulk paty" Monomea va pumped omleuuge
Tap whnch Jeads la qladnal
namp m
Towona
1 eat uanaton gnd m mg Jecomw eca Tok ta uottam|
dieult
masa
a
thz uacoruly
Lmeuases
Haa t touwn
amd
ta
pucolaUn
walle
thun dumo
thun Jayer
aue omud_
huat_ull he eaa
haphena
a
aly enotheummu
 PAGE No.l
PAGE Na

uamafeed ta walls. henehone Some dioadnuarlages 6 Jaulk polmmoti-

tmperatwu onadunt ill be 2atton ae elimima lod wn sotniion

maintauned Boty
dioaslued
Vacsaity ulu m cmalamt awmd Manaman dalong th inituaton

can e eneidod eyond weuent, fommiel poymen olano

S0 potymeuuralim uttal tomp. daaoluud_
at AD

amd t
the top Tomin (o4s'c),
dow
aleuln, nceaacd Xas he urnm eept at polymeualn
Iomboabiue and cmalamthy agitated
co'C CdLcompcai Hon temp sAIBN-
tutata)
If T is inoneascdus taiity wl epenclumg concentuauon hmmomen,
the mAcsAy Aetnlisn dseomt
daneoAl_
UncuLaaL
We cam qt o07 stumaualim oM um Uhe
conmMalon 4 otaim melt-boman Atun_ths eadin ,

we) pa elocbueal aphlicaim poman io uaeed as mch the As1m_

aatnilion dth pol
petymu the
o opteal appuealima,eg w woeotata.cl y amapecalung
aquouum.
malumg 4 Perspex shset Polymu 0tmed com e uaed
CPMMA tamsp atent -uand for aca caauhg
a nesn dawiny
s
d* i uaed. en the puoduclum
sotution Patynuntgalian poyacsyimuuilu,PvC,traylanitra
pely aeylec aud,pelyaeuy ta mide
 PAGE
Na.
3_
PAGE Na.

OATED m
polyuyd alcohal, PMMA, J-he methDd i mae npename aimce
pelybutadiuno ste it uac coally aaunts

( dduamlage)

He dolmemt
d

act a
Aatiluan Poly (ugh M podmexs cammet be. foumed
as th onumt moleeuly a act a
adulhuemt amd chaim humuma lBA .
nelps m jacilitatine mumss_ buamalan
htat poly hehare (t eo u mmales yuld
coniuel eaa
tompp:
peme
tichmaLues
pa eaita veluume as
the aartoj Spa
,
/11) he oelutmt allotua

mirive
eady_luuma
it dnsasesthe wOCAdLty onoäcu bns ( he soluint_waste

he_pwuty
hat
uaco
o pueduct
bulk
salumt d
-paly
u a ugh a
Rem oud lagt
duhhi cult
()otuumt alos Jailitates he b

|
ease
moual sh 1petymuu the ample a
aclan. PAN

iVaeeaity bruild up i nuglige kole . Abme

euarebr

to keeb PAN atula eaum

acnylitile mdusbuiy
hen oamue Aoments are uAed

Siaaduanlages_ Aelnuban poly pecLhating eut,slherwas

a
e u obtain
humop laatile product
(Jget_pwe poymev ucpoaian s
w PAN thars ,some
Aolmentt us equnndL additomal neequwne
tochn olegy tos it u esaeritual ts LgamuAalment uquunud ta duaasme
Aepanate wcnen th aoluent mid PAN -potymer
 PAGENa.-
PAGE Na 5-
haeluuon vthen paascd cellnulore wth inoganuc alabilugors
along,
teugh -apumnenet_to 6laim ouch a kaoin,
magreauum ailkeale
PAN4ay aluuwum cnanide caltum magrconum
phesphae ,
ate u necegaay
SuahinaLon Polymougauom
ach dooplta
Jhe paymanugam
a
umy ulk
takia place anaida
noacton.

orga nic
the doplet and puedruct 4oumud lem
inooluble in watw
aguesuw monomer polymar
PhA droplu panHde gamu« labiligexaane uaually pokmoME
taaotuud mmamus augbended dn nalww Paly nmun iheuldbe
uauid (lue watm) an sotm polan
droputs
plhaas
-Some solubiliy shsuld ho thuu

Munuatuu Bulk Pshymuwunatn Hhads wuh uu cait onlg uoe celluleae

(natcouble) We muat uae wgemualad
e sm
ae
Shemelan
monomwn droplots i So-094in maifiod cellnnleae aueh as madayl
ullnuloae

e m hu om
duapenaim
LortumuouA
mamlamad
agitalian and the
ane praneted to coalosce umut
droplilo
o
Jhe rodunet
ophcal peanl
Lenca the Iachmmqje uaaloe
_
-oefpanahd out
eads potam
kmown
monge)Ly addnmg amall quantuy sp Paanl lnamlarn /fBead pok ugaim
stalbilugp
predncto ae mal uwnehotm opharon
Ja otaluilkpen aand ara PA,4elatin, Fhy can Ae uaid duuauy prsoma
 PAGE No PAGE Na. 7
aATEO
X m

appueaims
exchamge eams she uaL they Can
aulhmue aad
hoh etn
yuld
* We chletasmmue acld
gut osdnm
e entudee chopped lo em aalt onlkamatud polatyune wwas-
dangen tdAuly mauldid pallta imkid Juade ho* walun Tualmmt
og cam le.
medinm
drsselmud
hon uae ao adheaieA
ma amd snuta hle ton oaimng Mamulon
uawu tuaan uyecuen
m , me
modung
coalung PMMA
Thus tdhmuau uaed t otm
ÞvC, wha de m nece ypual head shahe
PVA,PSAtun duumydLengeno o malsn natmemt
uopotymer seads luseod far don-en thar
to ad sahahrpackun denaty wo
bughw 4 hmes uetcl raduon u doun
piaticno- CETspherxeo)

puwwmsons on -eachamge reama aphuuo hamu hngh waca anea

ta wmene ootnulrle compmunlo pom (seconday reooon)
honduatn vatur -watn luamint
Cressinud dduantagea ouopemaun psly"
Porsuo duado (ophuucal shahed) t soderim
atto outromalrdstywme ane he occ o is comparatnely cheap as ut
slaimed Ma uapemauan polym? ueues n waton unolead 4 obanta
th pwnmes
bennen
initiaton wl diiuy
n outuon ,
oelumt to cetiy pce
epimame selnutmt
aseuads an ulonaud by cone aewthon poly
 PAGE NO PAGE Na. 19

iscoauy
huat oh
menaat
pomeugalim
7uugius
dmy
DATE

a m

dgitnlim vat wul

poymuuZausr_MAcealty
uay secanase
way(w
dnung

dnepllo Jeado
Loug watu
io

-aUmk
uamawud ta he
syalum
Amall
aataen
lawy
ta Jacep
dme ta
e
ta Jaas waceaity,
uneuase
sale conilamt
wnalili ta fpueuude mer pewer
agitaim wmirl ia agitatiom at
change 4
thuuhore,
wminel i
.Preduet waolatim u
alao ua chamges age vntnel
ol4e
Aape emavmo oam e w mot easy
sphesudcal

aduet do imwetnble
nednnct cam a n walor.
taaily wsetatrd
Polmu
pruaemee
pwuy
a
e ow
auapemdun
dme Je
tait
the

leuumg coaleocumg orinceo- -otalialiging addiluno dhat ae

drlhienlt de uont tomplolely-
aadmamtagca 4 Suapemaun oy"
uapemaim pomegahon eaëuon
he mthod cam lu adoptrd only for huall ughles agtalin anmoiii
warunoonnlsla mon

t Langer volume s
eador w Taken
d4hiculk t voiglpalnma uatun: Low juld per ualor
volum
agtatiion
A
vati a
Jemen Tn
ead 200um
nad aiag 50um
emeslanae arge bageo on autaton_
ondy dhtiult o conlnal-
 PAGE Na-
PAGENa.21
DATEOO m
Emutaton Votymwuz attor In openaiam,niliatan u mmomn
aotnbl. hil un emulalon,wmilualer
aotuumt (uaualuy watn)Solulble
Tmmulaioa
An amulatm cam he dehmad
Sn suajpema! 0 enomumo aheuld ho
colorocomaialumg s uua nmero cempltly solmkla in aebuwnt
homegemaue po o,Jquud_wheren os wabn ) mule an
umaolublu
menomew
o thehquids uconlauina the duepevaum shanld be opauumgly
emulalon
n
the dpfunt om hauds 00luent_ waty
atnublo

Paels aae eluen

.
astuuan
and Ausoemaum
Menomes- meatly inselubk spaing y
naymuunaum, uniually -ly -in lip Solusle 4 polymuwza le
apoaiom dotawn upon_ polymeci'2ation, it adieals
becemenseud (polyme) watun 0atnululo inituato
n4b blu emulasu. 4 swpemtov paly" Wadan
Jn emlsion
bggehan
maname
the dnplut 3
monamen dsplut MRe ds

ouopenalonpatyruugaun
Awtactant
Ecamplko itiatau
AIN Cam't be waed
suuunamapenaum ponmuugalon 4olulolo

oleo n
monomUr dusplela ae
the othr handi un
thunn d
polymwugaln

e emnlaign
pelasaum poulhetu
solulle aviukalon
o uasd -walu

pavymunugalun
inaide mmomn
paymerus eluin
K2 Ja s snsken dewn
occww dn he mceles 4 e
dusplets, poymetugeudn
St
Dguqwnes huak
wto Hacuca Howeun, wu cam ue
JÄ
sPoly
Swptnate
u zaten
e- mbomun
ae
daopct
in Smallun tva, hA
 PAGE Na..
PAGE Na. 23

tedon yste te
madicalo at w Jomperatune
Mayon adnuamlagi aAmulaion poy"
allruo
,Os Thtmat ponmun MWane

Hotttn,tatrs
S8-60 250

dor sysem

equmola feSo 2K3SzO;atloc

° decompouHon)

iseqrea
demp
Aimultamtaual
both
petymuugalum mate ta he Lnenaacd

-uapemaim_poumougation
wntike ulk oelulio

(Prsby inuhto alemulaLnn poly qmn

S t Fe F so so
b Smdh-E waut Mocdel
100tim fasten han_aboue .Jke wal (T) imituate
(Ss't>eo") oetuule niuaton
S-1s C" (old psy um aqutrus-plhase Jha genanated
reeipe
ubo than
uld,
yulds
th het " S°C
mucraradcal lolgomen
cam dhuas umta
oiaoscal
the mucell
)fcan
paihele
emulaiem_poymeugaum bua odutne
4 poymerunt h momon o
Mare monones tom dueplt dfhuaas
h ponmerusauim was
emmulaim n md polmeato
deueloped n
the vs dunmg ihe
O4 0s on he pednurtion s ymihotte Thw, the
_pantiele Stz ineaaco
stiywmL-utadnsime ubl
when he Mcek
when the auphlie atwnal uubben melecu
tadsar
Mons

ene ent st dmumg Wanld Wan T palyme

formati dnop-

eulatm paumeuga bgm uldh

otala uato- d poduet o_
a, Preccaa
Add monarmen amd tueperse a duspuu
the poyme m tth hovm coloidal
|1patiu Jange monome duop (wmm
 PAGEN
PAGE Ma. S_
o 060 22
icelle widh monome oCCa
(4 m) amd
4o 0-)
wnel popagauon dm Ihe_mieelo
9lgo adical Cabow CM wihu teptneton hactant corvcLnnatim

tnwss sme tanteaty

Antuased uple a CClam omeunt
un mwmbeiu
elustoro ta

whm cam
emptymiullea in the

miualer
walan

mi
CMC
mwlls
cuuial mieelle
nlspaltu
ho
CMC,
numuatio
oncinluaum
dhe palymuuratin
t
u coallid

duuct arlan Ucan take plcce(mee comceNbnauom ltad

th miceles ?
ta olluoiona ywqwed tov pepaqatun and
n he mcell cant enen onu nadicas abow
_poumuuaum
onuuaucME
eat"lcelle in
Excos aiactant
phaae I
cam nton ao maiaton waten 06 Feb, 2023
sohule n polan', imuiaton camet ga
umta mcllu as mcell w a
polan cuatm y mydbnophobuc
(heae Jhydnsphei tails make wckualen
ade
dow gent Wetes

ta edmu h ahace nauon wmeh to hon-polan *ate islube

hon ae
sgbrtot
Jeunq mctaat.cd -ntkt buqhei had tu had
concenua Uon wrfaclamt (pophi e) Chydnophik e)

houte watn

he uofatmalon amuunausm inlia to

ama pHopagaun occms in th am
phasl Aame Co e mon omin Dirt
dnoplub
huaun mulatan -pomuuaum- itis dumehud in dlo

untiaum Bccws n a4ouo phaae

SuAztat
male tuule
muell,H» mulle 1s dinsoluud

taraanealla2-
 PAGE Na-
PAGE No. 21
ypeal
h dato dunt gut akee-uheo Hydno ca nbo t
aidsmuelle 2
Wate
uL t he etly (non-polan)madnne 41
the dwt th dut get duasenmud oufactamt (emmilafwrr)molecules have
tmq into the d hyduap aabe pdan er 1anie head qapaemd
pophilut) tal matun.
Jydtecarbona iails s 10-20 carbn
JypucalEmulatam Pomperuon
dodocyl ulat tmar Eupical
wMampleo.
Sompanemt Pants y weugh Swefadamto aggugate at dhe hyeretarborn
walv wrtestkace and are in cqLuuluweium

solwtut
stpune
Btadene
25
75 th e outhaclant

Watun 130 Micell Zemation

wwuloutun (susfecdand)
P
to
pelymi 2atn

mauH"Na 0
N-Dodecyl mes Capdan 005 061
a ine mucelle

Redox
TOmhinahgn
umen ydnopenon ide 017 |Abeu the vitial mucele eoncaniatian
Bulk
mun b p
hdun
Fe SO4 0017 by agglo- (CMC), dher uo am 2quulhbwinum
Na P,07 10H20 1.5 inuotnuimg icuotoo o awraclanta,whuch
stababng nuctaa 0-5
ae typicaly ofphenucal (20 4o 100À un
iametu)amd wud corilain 50 150 to

molicues
Emuaum Compame ntbi Juufacant
 PAGE No PAGE No.2
DATODM
he hacmeranbon cae othe micella Peluymuugahm wn th qeous bha
ul ucama
naigmicant dhu ta the lo
malunles moramL_uONcimUHaisn

Emulauem componenta Monomu Popmesugciuon maimh CC n the

micelle inteueuy eueJa

huah morome comeerunabon

hugh suYacyoume, sualus
ATmall patlion d modun-unaotmule Cmicl ae Smalun in eire buut ang in
ug nalur aotnubla mamama um bens so w hah sundau ana
diooobmus um wetnium

monomUr md wwatun sauulo Aniiato

Jmtuuo miullan, cawaunq

n hem uumg pammiua um mamamo a
plommahed dydshruainm m
doplilk_
thneugh theootvilian ts mucelles
A laugeatpotim duopeard vas
hactamt -alalulsgtel monaman wdh
pts-hawmg
wadlant udiabui buled

than 10,000 A
duamadns quatrnL
iue ane mo adasuned m walum peymon
mamomu dueplets lem.

Evulauwm componurdo: Sito s1 Poly meuadon

Pntieloy

u
and

slaqs ]lusa om

mulaLan
menomon droplets

Polummougahon

Roducala a puduced n
theaqulo Hhu mmomer dilhtaes ta the omp-
phaae at f abpst8 ximatly_jo tacdcals miclle vom dreplut:
cms
 PAGE No..

PAGENo3

Palmesugauon miliatudun
aaMi
bha.and
uce lu ts ecome
then saducals enle
oymer parhce
dm hi alage Loceua when cornealm ~ 90-10%
qu he momomaio entE im_ paiclobo
Ve paiiz lis ant qenita lud
he mromats duop lets ane. eahamslood,
M] m padicleo continnaUy decOaOma
icclu aane cmomeol. d omneualan Uncntama
ws vAlage lasts {onu comom Cornualn atcan
Lonalamt
ueach upte &d/7
O 15/,

mohomn miell
_dilua- R fosmatTOn
trom dnoplet

stags I
Le mou suahacdamt aniauleLle lo polymen'2atior
euala ew paucles
amomen dishwaes int Komuth- uant Medel
malant mwmb paiele to
meuram wone eguhwnm MI wth he Omith uaut madrl iatateg that
h paicl on iaducal delbuaco aunta
particle
at ime and lwminahon occu
anethun adual R
CouUaGn alu uachud. anound when dndehkuaas

mono my
Amptats

eve polyrne go
npmonomen
ia
dro plats muth
gctclono ky on wd fs1-3nm b biggen 4han pattlu
 PAGENo.
PAGE No. 33

he mts I-100 ccomdo clueen

Ldueem Madiual

Recall that npmal ue Hadcal

polmeuaum Rp Xn a meraely
dreplet V
punhi cle, Julatuod -0'S

h Ioal swhaca aua tha he latoot. may de uard dnectly

micellA much qriatiy than he thant puhcatum
total uhace aea the
ewes
lage manomedoplets threfone Aduanlageo emulaimpoy
the macnsnacdacals m uniiatbr
he aauus haas tpiialy Hugh MW potyme
ntuna the mcele alon Laatpomeealuon wialeo
coliaim amd mol the mon omon umoual o at tom Ihe
cuepdcd.
wmamo clone la that o
gmmularm Polmeuaaum
uaut Eguatum
; smth
uocsalm
Lal
MW eay
and nildependeat_
can te uaed. a
hh huna oduct
Jhuumal amd uiacooity rorlems are neh, dets mot mud la Ae allere d
munmyed dm da the pneceaacel
a danaL uolnume. 1watun and <an
ume hthe crunuO) aquteoua Tstaadnarlaggo emulatm poly"
phae
&wrlcdants and_polmaiaaun
loleerulay uLght neceaaey luthout adiunants -dkhienulA tsWmoue
deoncase
Pp
 PAGE Na.

PAGE 35

No.
3.n dy (ueolatud polymus ual as the aa Octupd
maual u sy unut
wtght aclaml,tlhua
mo ucelles mmaumina whan A
S w.conc
asS
whw Swfacta nt
cagmud ta opunaluat
monne ugh
la Stae A te
Ju cam uoult_dn
mcant
pobymey Completed at t

tanah ta chaun
polym So al tdc A asS

Tkvrttco vutaun Potymuuzatam -a,S o.(4n3u| t

uantita tiue opproach? by Smh
wart. Calcuulathon v
Jhe -puce00
cimluts mb aloumdl
stage Rale nucicction = V
La ma gemeLal Aheay ho Rate sb adcal aenualuon pe unu
ataqe avaiala velume
A vo aCo 'g
stage 1 Ry2NA.ka [I NA, g

the
au M/P
muclualun puusd Jdiall,
colicdos an
genaraTad
acinm
bartucles
takem an
ah adicalb dhat ente
naher than mcelle mayL
Alas
slaqe 1 (diminution of miciles). hun
comlumed
V:R|-A/a,S|
ateasemly mucelles
cnd MP padtuclso un
unit aume.
(Pto
the
uaeuon medum ll wmain phaaks pneaent in +h nit'a candston
Cmatant Tephoe Tn oct *metnt bo monomen
emulin as tat
daelued Cie sist y in makald
dispeacd )
ttartedmenomET eplee-alauch aua SupiaLallaida

Submic
(7lo,00
o scopc
)a
(collaidal) mialUos esweh w Satwnated ait
 PAGE No.-

PAGE Na. 3 _

vniialLomdihen
Pap ono mun n am Sag
Simultancaus Paid
Panucle a uelualed at
nmdlah h
M M A macelle
disheuent enuua olage
Contaunung
solubiu zed
monomer
M A Nnu attume t wn alaee he
uolume alicle whuch
MMM Soap-ee d
Fodita
eadc m mmeleatnd et T
Emulaitae
Manommen
Monohan Polym Ponh
dasplad
T ult -T)
-d-
Asaumpun - elnme wmiual micele
Monom Emulati
dhune uptatmarom
into _paandu.

wt Uhi ama phuuca paruécle

M badudl, =monom ommei
partid uhuch qemnaks naduus sophuucal paie =r
altu mucleadun Veli- ult-t)
u harticl
at the epema
wull ut-t)
N s_emply
micellan whau aua2 34t-T)
4
A empty i'lleo dappea nucleahon
344n
(4-7)
ase
daaumphons Sntace anea, at,T
Vslum MP paieles åpus 4n3ult-)
-lumtal wuth me th u' 4

L polymuu 2ad1on
'tpo pag ado)
s ihatd
Juat
(4)3a/t- 777
(4a)
 PAGE Na -

31
PAGE No.

4n) 3ult-7)3 capo0LOm 6 Ata, gct

C
at
atu
ucel
at uluch
damalamt
aducal ucliate
at urate
AAileatren
, A
A
An)

=0.6[An)
3u]

3
v (0-64)

v eteetive radicals lem°aq. plhas) 34as

weLght
s dhe orna Gccupud
ouhadant_ then ne micello
y unet

thtm vdT pauilos a genenaled um Hmmaun uhen At = as S , whano S

the Lume Anlual dt wthe wLght Concnlraluon o
ouhacdamt
Jstal auca A the posilicley Aruaatnt ompläleel at tume te
EneNAled present at time t oncw that as S At
um
,
gnenqg
uas paliclo prard
tim t0 om ands a,S 0.6 |(4n) 3u t -(i)

dA T X vdt motr Wmam to calenlate dhhe

A Cn)» 3u]* dTT Jate

adueal
melsaion .Jhe ate
qenanauan -pe unt
Selnig wa Substhkuhon
Rr y thema decompaauhon an
d da
aatao
Tt,n t20

0.6t
milualo

thwne
Ry2N
NAY

Nucleauon un tectod
thatentor mucelles
ka Cs]

Auoqadnøs
radicalo
nather han
-()
mumhw
t
Aulottuling th inttgnal walut. in
 4/
PAGE No.

PAGE Mo

barteleo e aclim s aduals

athan han mcall
t t 0. 37/a,S
R
-04.

may e
iter-particleo
laken to e th uauo
t aua oh all pailicles ta that
te Ltal Awadant [ walar ntefad Alem Ca ee
hauluculan

eA la,S
pe rm Jenawleda the
alculalecl

onorna mcenlLahon amd then

hus,v Ry l1- A/4,S| anomer s enanailamali

Jakng a0umpluon
A+ a Jcipe Tpical ualuws
pmulauan
Rr10-10" adicals cm's,
a,S

- aS10 cmlcm
heummlwr o paricloa
aq phaat,

unt velume
u> |0 cms"

uL
aqutoua phase, Neat the emel
1om eq ii)_ e hame atageT

Np vt 0.37
gi
9,S 07 Np Rrte
(a,S)0." (R7 lu)

vi)nclucatto hat tht haricl.

ubatiuim v Ry_frm
in teenprera on
mumber dependo thu O. poww
othe whadant concenlnalion ard
n the 04pouer he niuala
t Ca, S] onalualon :Ry[i])
Uoual ualuea Np ane. lo-1opn (m

a,S qwt ous_phase

Rr
 PAGE No PAGE 3_

No.
OATEO m
stage
I
ulhen vomglhu u
adical anteno
the aamme þaduele, it umumatio

unian
Ahat
buqins

this
nuhem
wuth ume t
the cmemaion

coumcideo with
is
ecmes
aummud
the disabb-
the qtouune choun uadical"wthin
w
the panle
a acmdo :do,
ihouoamdo s
emauma macle uU
Onanc amd amsthur ue adical lan0 amcd
mucullA the utaaa uon
palcl muclalluon
Jhe umbwn wntiateothe potmeuaauon
pauclko
at the
Np in alage T ud
ualue
amd qlen y
med in vstage I do the saducal rles a polyma
(vii) ewy 0accndls, dhe paiuele
paticle
lq'mow_wm aloumalime beuodo
Ralu k rmauahom o aumity and wmactiuly,each

Rr p ac pa ml vaq:phaa
o cond dwna uon
10 qMong phaae. A man qmowmg phax
N6. stemar particleo =10peem
3n than wondo,each paiicle utu
o muceiles ame duaappcoud,au UUmaum adnu an the slhe haf
amc umacwne
Scdutala genualid
enTu
Siadiial
Ptnby wl .
shoule, enumtualy
paueles huuhore nalu
dhe
the
wulu
Total ume
othanhal). Jhu ocueion
ecalwnehamq eundhii ale
ed dthe
30 ecands entuy inta parlicle
CRp) A dicHeaaed o mniaaed.
ae tadicals ll anlu paruelea
2Rrp

1ulhen a Asap:uke u naducal anls an

M/Ppaielk,psmujahon ilakea
place
fi's- eblecta R»p on ratu
polynusu zatton
pauh'l (Rpp)
 PAGE No.
PAGE No. 4S
p R, at
q
in ac
Cal
uLeA phae
3 nena? en pu umt veluume Bp usgwn Jrp

Jotal aua o acune peusd (ohadd ) d[M)RpNp kpM

achsach Krp cenaeRp 2Rrp he dt 2 Nav

ApNpRpp
Rpp undependent sRrp Suotituumg Np m eqN) we et
H Snuth kuant hsons cae I Rp 0.37 (o,5) Rr k[N] x)_
doauoatd allouus 2 Nav

Rate k polymuugauom M/P þarluele,_ taq I,the uat polymeiugaluon

pp wull depenelthem peme sh dhe
O.6

Rpkp[m] NAY
-(Vi) awhaclant concemtaion Omd 0.4
hn LMJ hmonomen come. in M/P ponte
poww dbe aqueouo -bhase iniualaz
domcnua uon
n raav- no. raoicals pen poutile
NAV

aeli aly
Avagadto's

mly
num ban

w hm
qu uatu
1
e polymuuzauo
um waue
halg otage the [1] sppropet
ta the Rr un thio eq" is that
Srdssitling pwatnt un_ atage 1, hen the pailclo
aAR Smed
Rpp kp m]
2 Nv
3 dhe madel cevud, addutuon o
pp Npboh (onsta nt ,Hen dbna eduung slage

6unall nau emulai6n peymsuzatOn

would
initiaton
hane o ect he ale
 PAGE Na..
PAGE 71
No.4

poyuuzauon
which Rp u temulotad)
a Np au Rpp (upon Covse L Sownal nadcalo can C euat
a00Ummd lanae parlieles
ummauant d mg ologe

walr 1 un e (vii) us
kal umpetance a
p(
detwnmmumung_ Oncu maid thv M/p pailicle
Rp n lage TI. taduca puopagalo at Hat a
ouuem by
wmue cases - Cae I
h<o.S)
Cse II (h = o.5)
pkplM] - xi)
T1 (ho.5s)
Cow
whue
umetic Juatmirt_dhaeuoate abene CM1 conc.inaide th M/P patueu
drhom cas I( (a-0.5), whnch
ta un

o e ate re Lat hicha adical

th-pudomunamt uhamow
emularm poy

Cce
uahans

occLv_whin duoonplum
.
muglugble
uadcah
as umpaud
my
entuto a -pobymu parcuele

Ye R
un stage

xi)
_
aalorhion L dhe pailicle ovze u NP
dos mall taaccomdate mat ham ndnue again_
adiuals Ry ra sgemenation
wrut vo-um i'n t
hfree radscals pen
aq. phau
Cae 3 adueal desoplhn
& lomunaluon ar vaq phaa an
om
pcvilic les
Np ho M/P panti'kk po unit velume
nol u9ugille OmalL paicle at9
unuualim ales is aac d m asaumption +hat
alradstals enetaYcl nth quouJ
 PAGE Ma.
PAGE M 419

plvaaetmduallynleus te M/p Sulstiuluna Ry krom eq"(1i) nto

pailveley
icuncy
rradical captwy aXi) we t
unce tuminatum vuaclim dalkes plau
BP Np k,(M -(xiv)
arwio
2Na kal
adica
aaine M/P panlicle (ie., dm uuch a
bolmei chain _propag osti ng) Ye
alsoeqval
patymeu doain

DPn Ip kp CM

DP R,/Ne
NpkpM]

ee
Rp
DP, Ne
Np
R
rmeg Xi)
fom4(t)
(
Jhws,unuke ulk Aolniuom 2 suobenatan
chu malaim -potymuuralin
chmiqnMe umito Aumltanaus umeaot
Hal deqnee
nce, the m eleculan
polnpmuugalo
uuuqht)yy
notaALmO dhe wmbwr qpokym
panue_(N)-e y mcuaoUma
h adlant oncebtalusm at
a d
au sl inuluaio