What classes of verbs can

we distinguish according
to semantic and
grammatical criteria?
VIELCHIEVA M. PHL-22-1
SEMANTIC
CRITERIA
The verb possesses the grammatical meaning
of verbiality - the ability to denote a process
developing in time. This meaning is inherent
not only in the verbs denoting processes, but
also in those denoting states, forms of
existence, evaluations, etc.
 the nature of predication: (primary and secondary) all
verbs fall into finite, non-finite.
syntagmatic properties (valency): verbs are obligatory,
optional valency, they may have some directionality or
be devoid of any directionality.
verbs fall into the verbs of directed (to see, to take,
etc.) and non-directed action (to arrive, to drizzle, etc.)
 ACTION VERBS
DESCRIBE AN ACTION, CHANGE, OR
PROCESS WITH A BEGINNING AND AN
END. THEY ARE THE MOST COMMON
TYPE OF VERB AND CAN BE USED IN ALL
TENSES AND ASPECTS.
 EXAMPLES
I AM EATING BREAKFAST
NOW.
I EAT BREAKFAST AT THE
SAME TIME EACH DAY.
 STATIVE VERBS
NON-ACTION VERBS ARE VERBS THAT DESCRIBE
A STATE OR CONDITION RATHER THAN AN
ACTION. AS A STATE HAS NO REAL BEGINNING OR
END, STATIVE VERBS ARE ONLY USED WITH
SIMPLE AND PERFECT TENSES. THEY CANNOT BE
USED WITH CONTINUOUS TENSES.
 EXAMPLES
ALI OWNS THREE
CARS.
ALI IS OWNING THREE
CARS.
GRAMMATICAL
CRITERIA
 The verb possesses the following grammatical categories:
tense, aspect, voice, mood, person, number, finitude and
phase. The common categories for finite and non-finite forms
are voice, aspect, phase and finitude. The formative elements
expressing these categories are grammatical affixes, inner
inflexion and function words. Some categories have only
synthetical forms (person, number), others - only analytical
(voice). There are also categories expressed by both
synthetical and analytical forms (mood, tense, aspect).
I. stem-types, all verbs fall into: simple (to go), sound-
replacive (food - to feed) , stress-replacive (import - to
import), expanded (with the help of suffixes and prefixes):
overcome, composite (correspond to composite nouns): to
blackmail), phrasal: to have a smoke (an ordinary verb as
an equivalent).
2. the way of forming past tenses and Participle II verbs
are regular and irregular.
 EXAMPLES
Sound-Replacive Verbs Phrasal Verbs
"to bleed" (bleed, "to give a smile"
bled, bled) (smile, smiled, smiled)

Stress-replacive
transport - to
transport
EXAMPLES
Regular Verb Example:
Base form: to walk
Past tense: walked
Past participle: walked

Irregular Verb Example:

Base form: to eat
Past tense: ate
Past participle: eaten
Thank you!