Relation & Functions

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Relation & Types of Relations
Functions

Empty Relation Symmetric Relation

A relation R : A 🠆 R is empty if a R a ∀ a, A relation R : A → A is symmetric if aRb ⇒
b ∈ A. R = ϕ ⊂ A × A. bRa ∀ a, b ∈ A
For eg: R = {(a, b) : a = b2}, A = (1,5,10}

Universal Relation Transitive Relation

A relation R : A 🠆 A is universal if a R b ∀, A relation R : A × A is transitive if aRb, bRc
a, b ∈ A, R = A × A. if R = ϕ, then R is ⇒ aRc ∀ a, b, c ∈ A.
universal.

Reflexive Relation Equivalence Relation

A relation R : A → A is reflexive if aRa ∀ a (reflexive, symmetric, transitive e.g., Let T
∈A = the set of all triangles in a plane and R :
T 🠆 T defined by R = {(T1, T2)} : T1is
congruent to T2}. Then, R is equivalence.
Composition of Functions
The composition of functions f : A 🠆 B and g : B
🠆 C is denoted by gof, and is defined as gof : A
Types of Functions
🠆 C given by gof(x) = g(f(x)) ∀ x ∈ A, e.g. let
A = N and f, g : N 🠆 N such that f(x) = x2 and
g(x) = x3 ∀ x ∈ N.
Relation & One-one (injective)
Then gof(2) = g(f(2)) = g(22) = 43 = 64. Functions f : x 🠆 y is one-one if f(x1) = f(x2) ⇒
x1, = x2 ∀ x1, x2 ∈ x. Otherwise, f
is many-one, f1 is one-one.
Functional Equation

Onto (surjective)
f : x 🠆 y is onto it for energy y
∈ Y, ∃ x ∈ X S.t. f(x) = y, f2
is onto.

Bijective
f : x 🠆 y is both one-one and
onto, then f is bijective. F3 is
bijective.