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N5 Lesson 6 Grammar
N5 Lesson 6 Grammar
名詞 Nouns めいし
動詞 VERBS どうし
(Group 1 (Group 2
Verbs) Verbs)
飲みます のみます [vi]to drink 食べます たべます [vt]to eat
[vt] to watch,
書きます かきます [vt][vi]write, draw 見ます みます
look, see
読みます よみます [vt][vi]to read あげます [vt]to give
聞きます ききます [vt]to hear, ask, listen くれます [vt]to give (me)
買います かいます [vt]to buy
使います Group 3
つかいます [vt]to use (Irregular
Verbs)
貰います りょうりし
もらいます [vt]to receive 料理します to cook
ます
(しゃしんを) (しゃしんを) [vt]to take (a かいものし
買い物します to do shopping
取ります とります photograph) ます
売ります うります [vt]to sell
つくります [vt]to make, cook,
作ります
create
*Pattern List*
① (Direct Object) ~を Action Verb
② (Direct object) ~を します
③ (Place of Action) ~で ~Action Verb
④ (Vehicle/Tools/Equipment/Materials/Ingredients/Language) ~で ~Action Verb
⑤ ~じかん ~ぷん
⑥ ~にち(かん)
⑦ ~しゅうかん
⑧ ~かげつ
⑨ ~ねん(かん)
⑩ (Duration)~に ~かい
⑪ (Recipient/Agent) ~に (Object)~を あげます/くれます/もらいます
The interrogative 「なにを」 is used to ask what the direct object of the action is.
When there is not object affected by the action, 「なにも」 is used followed by a
negative verb 「~ません」
However, if the action will affect one, from a list of nouns, the particle 「か」
is used.
The particle 「も」 can also be used to indicate that the noun will also be affected by
the action
These two sentences can be shortened into one sentence using the following pattern:
The verb 「します」 is widely used to convert a noun into a verb. These nouns can be
any activities or events. The 「Group3」 or 「irregular verbs」 are made by this
pattern.
Basically, the particle 「を」 can be omitted if the direct object is mentioned.
The question 「なにを しますか」is widely used to ask what the subject will do.
The verb used in answering can vary depending on the situation.
The particle 「で」 is used to indicate the place where the action occurs. The
interrogative 「どこで」 is used to ask the place of action. There are sentences that
does not state where the action took place, but this does not mean that there is no
place of action. It is just omitted if the situation does not require it.
Note the difference in usage of particles 「へ」、「に」、「で」. 「へ」 and 「に」 are
used for a place of direction while 「で」 is the place of action. There are also verbs
that specifically use a certain particle, like 「つとめます」 and 「わすれます」 for
example.
The particle 「で」 is also used to indicate the tools, equipment, materials,
ingredients, etc. used to perform the action. Without this, the action will not be
possible or will never be completed or finished. This is for the vehicle used in a
directional verb discussed at lesson 5. The verb will not be done if the vehicle was
not used. Unlike the particle 「で」 which indicates the place of action, this particle
「で」indicates the means of action and therefore uses the interrogative「なにで」to
inquire what was used to perform the action.
⑤ ~じかん ~ぷん
The interrogative 「なんじかん」 or 「how many hours」 and 「なんぷん」 or 「how many
minutes」 can be used to ask the duration of an action.
まいばん なんじかん ねますか。 How many hours do you sleep every night?
…(まいばん) 8 じかん ねます。 I sleep 8 hours (every night)
ひるは なんぷん きゅうけいしますか。 How many minutes do you take a break at lunch?
…(ひるは) 45 ふん きゅうけいします。 I take 45 minutes breaktime (at lunch).
Whether the interrogative was 「なんじかん」 or 「なんぷん」 the answer is not limited
to 「~じかん」or 「~ぷん」 only, depending on the realism of the situation.
ジョセフさんと なんじかん はなしましたか。 How many hours did you speak with Mr.Joseph?
…(ジョセフさんと) 30 ぷん はなしました。 I spoke for 30 minutes (with Mr.Joseph)
ジョセフさんと なんぷん はなしましたか。 How many minutes did you speak with Joseph?
…(ジョセフさんと) 1 じかん はなしました。 I spoke for 1 hour (with Joseph).
The duration can also take days to complete. In this case, 「~にち」 is used. This
counter suffix is almost the same as saying the days of the month, except for 「ついた
ち」 which is 「いちにち」 if stating the duration.
メーリさんは なんにち やすみましたか。 How many days did Mary take a leave?
…(かのじょは) ふつか(かん) やすみました。 She took 2 days leave.
⑦ ~しゅうかん
The counter suffix 「しゅうかん」 is used if the action took weeks. The interrogative
is 「なんしゅうかん」.
そこで なんしゅうかん アルバイトしましたか。 How many weeks did you work part
time there?
…(そこで) 3しゅうかん アルバイトしました。 I worked for 3 weeks (there).
The counter suffix 「~~かげつ」 is used if the action took months. The interrogative
is 「なんかげつ」.
がっこうで なんかげつ べんきょうしましたか。 How many months did you study at the
school?
…(がっこうで) じゅっかげつ べんきょうしました。I studied for 10months (at the school).
⑨ ~ねん(かん)
The counter suffix 「~ねん(かん)」 is used if the action took years. The interrogative
is 「なんねん(かん)」.
マニラに なんねん(かん) すみましたか。 How many years did you live in Manila?
…(マニラに) 10 ねん(かん) すみました。 I lived in Manila for 10 years.
The particle 「ぐらい」 can be used to indicate a guess or estimation in saying the
duration of action. Meanwhile, the interrogative 「どれぐらい」 or 「どのぐらい」 is
generally used to ask how long the action takes place.
The interrogative can be answered in minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or years.
⑩ (Duration)~に ~かい
The counter suffix 「~かい」 is used to say how many times an action is done in a
given period of time. The interrogative used is 「なんかい」.
This sentence pattern is not limited to 「~かい」 only. Hours, minutes, days, weeks,
months, and year can also be used to state how many times an action is done in a given
period of time.
ほかのひと ⇐ あげます
ほかのひと ⇐ くれます
On the other hand, the verb 「くれます」 is only used if the receiver is 「わたし」.
It is also possible to use this if you think yourself have benefited because someone
close to you received something.
Note: This verb cannot be used when somebody else gives something to the speaker or the
speaker’s family, etc. (さとうさんはわたしにクリスマスカードをあげました).
In this case くれます is used.
The verb 「もらいます」 indicates that the subject receives something from someone.
The giver in this sentence is indicated by either particles 「から」 or 「に」.
This sentence is not used when the giver is the speaker himself.
会話 CONVERSATION かいわ
⑤ だれに もらいますか
A : そのはなを だれに あげますか。
B : かのじょに あげます。
A : たんじょうびに なにをもらいましたか。
B : ははから ふくを もらいました。