MODERN TIMES

During the 19th century onwards demanded that more goods be

produced at a faster and easier.
Machines that required animals to operate thus be upgraded.
Food processing and medicine posed some of the more significant
challenges since health was of great concern.
Faster and more comfortable means to communicate and compute
should be developed to establish connections between and among
nations.

Significant inventions, include:

a. Pasteurization – Louis Pasteur
b. Petroleum Refinery – Samuel M. Kier
c. Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell
d. Calculator
 HISTORY AND
PHILOSOPHY OF
SCIENCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 EARLY AGES (STONE AGE AND IRON AGE)
• Early settlements can be traced around 50,000 years ago in Palawan and
Batangas.

• Early simple tools or weapons of stone flakes.

• Techniques for sawing, drilling, and polishing hard stones for about 40,000
years.

• 3,000 BC when pottery was flourished.

• Metal tools and implements (copper, gold, bronze, and, later, iron) during
the second or third century B.C. to the tenth century A.D.

• Weaving cotton, smelting iron, making pottery and glass ornaments, and
agriculture by the first century A.D.
 CHINESE ERA

• Built boats for coastal trade by the tenth century A.D. (porcelain, beeswax,
cotton, authentic pearls, iron pots, iron needles, and tin, etc.)

• Regular trade relations with the Chinese had been well established during
the tenth to the 15th AD.

• Hindu-Buddhist, Malay-Sanskrit, and Arab-Muslim Cultural and

technological influences spread to the Philippines.
 SPANISH ERA
• Beginnings of modern science and technology
• Mining, jewelry making, agriculture, winemaking, cloth weaving.
• Learned to make and use modern artillery, the system of writing and
weights and measures.
• Established schools, hospitals and started scientific research.
• Religious orders in the conquest and colonization of the archipelago.
• Economic trade (Galleon Trade) adopted by the colonial government,
reduction of agriculture, boom in shipbuilding.
• Reduccion as the new government, convents, collection of tax.
• System of education including pharmacy and medicine, natural
sciences.
• University of Sto. Tomas was founded.
 AMERICAN REGIME
• Science and technology in the Philippines advanced rapidly
• Extensive public education system; the granting of scholarships in science
and engineering.
• Higher professional education; industrial and vocational education.
• Proliferation of private schools.
• University of the Philippines was established.
• Bureau of Science and other science organizations and agencies.
• Remaining primarily as an exporter of crops and raw materials and an
importer of American manufactured goods.
 PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS

Despite being considered a developing country, the

Philippines also contributes to the global advancement of
science and technology.
The Philippines is known to be one of the most vulnerable
countries in terms of natural disasters. Many of the Filipinos'
discoveries and inventions were built from indigenous
materials or created to adapt to the harsh tropical
environment.
 a. UPGRADING OF VEHICLES
Examples:
• conversion of American military jeeps used in World War II into
jeepneys.
• Innovation of a sidecar to a motorcycle, transforming it into a tricycle to
accommodate more passengers.
• SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE was invented that can
cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and lakes.
• Dominic N. Chung & Lamberto Armada, with Chief designer Victor
Llave, innovates this vehicle to solve a flooded street.
 b. SALT LAMP
One of the significant needs in the Philippines, as a developing nation, is
electrification.
Filipinos have resorted to using candles and kerosene lamps, but they carry certain
risks as they are fire hazards. Solar power is also welcome development but too
expensive for ordinary Filipinos.
AISA MIJENO, a young Filipina, was able to invent a lighting system that utilizes a
material abundant in the Philippines – saltwater.
She invented the Sustainable Alternative LighTING (SALt) LAMP. It is an
environment-friendly light source that runs on saltwater. Safer as it poses no risk of fire
and emits no toxic gases.
Aside from People live from coastal areas, it may also benefit those from far-flung
barrios because they can make their saltwater lamp by mixing two tablespoons of salt
and a glass of tap water.
 c. MEDICAL INCUBATOR
DR. FE DEL MUNDO, a Filipino pediatrician and the first Asian
woman admitted into Harvard Medical School, devised a medical
incubator made from indigenous and cheap materials that did not run on
electricity.
The incubator was made by placing a native laundry basket inside a
bigger one. Hot water bottles were inserted between the baskets to
provide warmth and a makeshift hood to allow oxygen circulation.
Its purpose is to maintain conditions suitable for a newborn, usually
pre-term babies.
 d. MOSQUITO OVICIDAL/LARVICIDAL
TRAP SYSTEM

In 2010, the Department of Science and technology-Industrial

Technology Development Institute (DOST-ITDI) introduced the Mosquito
Ovicidal/larvicidal trap system, also known as the O.L. trap. This trap
system I.S. made of natural ingredients lethal to mosquito but safe for
humans and the environment.
 e. E-JEEPNEY
A significant innovation that changed the transportation industry in
the Philippines. The diesel-powered jeepney produces large quantities
of black smoke. It is usually a significant contributor to noise pollution
due to its primitive exhaust system.
To counter these disadvantages, the e-jeepney was developed. This
modern type of vehicle utilizes electricity instead of the more expensive
diesel. It is environment-friendly since it does not emit any smoke and
noise.