Artificial Intelligence- 21CSC206T

UNIT-I QUESTION BANK

Academic Year 2023-2024

1. A heuristic is a way of trying

a) To discover something or an idea embedded in a program
b) To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal
c) To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other is
d) All of the
mentioned Answer: d

2. The process of removing detail from a given state representation is called _

a) Extraction
b) Abstraction
c) Information Retrieval
d) Mining of
data Answer: b

3. The Artificial intelligence is

a) Putting your intelligence into Computer
b) Programming with your own intelligence
c) Making a Machine intelligent
d) Playing a
Game Answer: c

4. What is state space?

a) The whole problem
b) Your Definition to a problem
c) Problem you design
d) Representing your problem with variable and
parameter Answer: d

5. The process of removing detail from a given state representation is called _

a) Extraction
b) Abstraction
c) Information Retrieval
d) Mining of data
Answer: b

6. How many successors are generated in backtracking search?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: a
 7. Knowledge and reasoning also play a crucial role in dealing with
environment.
a) Completely Observable
b) Partially Observable
c) Neither Completely nor Partially Observable
d) Only Completely and Partially
Observable Answer: b

8. Treatment chosen by doctor for a patient for a disease is based on

a) Only current symptoms
b) Current symptoms plus some knowledge from the textbooks
c) Current symptoms plus some knowledge from the textbooks plus experience
d) All of the
mentioned
Answer: c

9. A knowledge-based agent can combine general knowledge with current percepts

to infer hidden aspects of the current state prior to selecting actions.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a

10. Choose the correct option

A) Knowledge base (KB) is consists of set of statements.
B) Inference is deriving a new sentence from the KB.

a) A is true, B is true
b) A is false, B is false
c) A is true, B is false
d) A is false, B is true
Answer: a

11. Generally games can be classified under

a) Single-agent
b) Multi-agent
c) Neither Single-agent nor Multi-agent
d) Only Single-agent and Multi-
agent Answer: d

12. A problem is always represented as

a. State search
b. State space
c. Search space
d. Problem space
Answer: b

13. Identify the problem that has the possibility of more than one answer and even
a particular situation decides the correctness of the answer.
a) Non-Linear
b) Well Structured
 c) Ill-Structured
d) Unstructure
d Answer: c

14. What is the term used for describing the judgmental or common- sense part of
problem solving?
A. Heuristic
B. Critical
C. Value based
D. Analytical
Answer: a

15. For an online search problem-solving agent, the type of problem category it is likely
to fall is,
a) Fully observable
b) Partially observable
c) Non-observable
d) Unknown state
space Answer: d

16. Which model is based on sign processes or signification and communication?

A. Syntactic
B. Semantic
C. Semiotic
D. Statistical
Answer: c

17. The extraction of meaningful information that is previously unknown and can be
very useful potential ahead is known as
a) Knowledge Discovery
b) Machine Learning
c) Learning Theory
d) Neural
Computation
Answer: a

18. The field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is:
a) history
b) cognitive science
c) psychology
d) sociology
Answer:
b

19. In which of the following situations might a blind search be acceptable?

a) Real-life situation
b) Complex game
c) Small search space
d) Problems for which past data is available
 Answer: c

20. The steps to be followed during problem formulation

(i) Problem Identification and problem definition
(ii) Problem space
(iii) Task Knowledge and State Space
(iv) Problem Analysis

a) Statement (i),(ii),(iii) are correct

b) Statement (ii),(iii),(iv) are correct
c) Statement (i),(iii),(iv) are correct
d) Statement (i),(ii),(iv) are
correct Answer: a

21. Identify the problem category in which the state is fully observable and it goes to one
definite after any action.
a) Deterministic
b) Non-Observable
c) Partially Observable
d) Unknown State Space
Answer: a

22. Identify the problem analysis criteria that must be able to restrict and
define boundaries clearly?
a) Compactness
b) Utility
c) Completeness
d) Transparency
Answer: a

23. One important aspect of building AI solutions is modelling the problem. Consider
AI models, complexity and applications for the following.
With respect to Statistical Models,
i. It refers to representation and formalization of relationships through statistical techniques
ii. The process of carrying meaning depends on codes
iii. It employs probabilistic approaches
iv. Various learning models from AI perspective can be developed based on this similar kind

a) Statement (i),(ii),(iii) are correct

b) Statement (ii),(iii),(iv) are correct
c) Statement (i),(iii),(iv) are correct
d) Statement (i),(ii),(iv) are
correct Answer: c

24. The problems which are definitely having a solution or there will not be any solution
a) Structured problem
b) Unstructured problem
 c) Linear problem
d) Non Linear
problem Answer: c

25. The field which is concerned with the study of algorithms that will improve
its performance with experience
a) Machine learning
b) Data mining
c) Knowledge discovery
d) Information extraction
Answer: a

26. is the one which is flexible in terms to get the desired outcome.
a) Intelligent agent
b) State space
c) Problem space
d) Agen
t Answer: a

27. While playing Toy problem, its environment is controlled. Consider the
following statements
With regard to Tic-tac-toe problem,
i. The player who puts respective mark in a horizontal or vertical line only wins
the game
ii. The player who puts respective mark in a horizontal or vertical or diagonal
line wins the game
iii. It is a 3*3 grid & three player game
iv. It is a two player game
a) Statement (ii),(iii) are correct
b) Statement (ii),(iv) are correct
c) Statement (i),(iii) are correct
d) Statement (i),(ii),(iv) are

correct Answer: b

28. The research on problem solving actually focuses on capturing the properties
of realworld
problems. Consider the following statements
Regarding Travelling salesman problem,
(i) The main objective is to find a tour – the shortest one
(ii) The problem solving does not need to cover all the cities to minimize the cost
(iii) In the problem solving, we need not return back to starting city after traversing
each city
(iv) In problem formulation, Initial and goal state will be the same
a. Statement (i),(ii) are correct
b. Statement (ii),(iii) are correct
c. Statement (i),(iv) are correct
 d. Statement (ii),(iii),(iv) are
correct Answer: c

29. A problem representation is a complete view of the problem and approach to solve
it. Consider the following statements based on problem analysis and representation,
performance measuring, problem space and search Regarding Problem representation with
different aspects,

(i) It needs Machine language so as to describe the logic and specific encoding rules
for the problems
(ii) Problem solver is an algorithm or a methodology that accepts problem description
and domain description
(iii) In case of Tower of Hanoi, Problem instances are not the initial and goal states of
the problem
(iv) Problem specific knowledge includes explicit representations of all the
objects, classes, their relations, constraints, etc,

a. Statement (i),(ii),(iii) are correct

b. Statement (ii),(iii),(iv) are correct
c. Statement (i),(iii),(iv) are correct
d. Statement (i),(ii),(iv) are
correct Answer: d

30. Intelligent agents in AI are used in the following applications:

a) Information Access and Navigations such as Search Engine
b) Repetitive Activities
c) Domain Experts
d) Sentence Planning

Answer: d

…………………

1) Artificial Intelligence is
a) A technique in which systems think rationally
b) Branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of
intelligent behavior
c) New effort to make computer to think
d) All the above
Answer : d
2) What is the main task of a problem-solving agent?
a) Solve the given problem and reach to goal
b) To find out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Answer : d
3) Which Functionality of Strong AI is true
a) can successfully imitate human intelligence and is at the core of
advanced robotics.
b) Can only predict specific characteristics
c) Can only simulate human behavior
d) None of the above
Answer : a
4) Agent runs in the cycle of
a) Thinking acting and perceiving
b) Perceiving, thinking, and acting
c) Collecting and thinking
d) None of the above
Answer : b
5) Dependent variable based problems are called as
a) Structured Problems
b) Unstructured problems
c) Linear problems
d) Non linear problems
Answer : c
6) Forward Search Problems are called as
a) Goal directed problems
b) Data directed problems
c) Path directed problems
d) None of the above
Answer : b
7) Which parameter of uninformed search is true
a) Generates all possible states in the state space and checks for the goal state
b) No guarantee for solution but high probability of getting solution
c) heuristic approach is used to control the flow of solution path
d) All the above

Answer: a

8) How many types are available in uninformed search method?

a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer: c
9) For Stack operation in searching the states , Which one of the following search
method is implemented
a) Depth-limited search
b) Depth-first search
c) Breadth-first search
d) None of the mentioned
Answer : b

10) Which one of the following is called blind search

a) Uninformed search
b) Bidirectional Search.
c) Uniform cost search
d) All the

above Answer :

11) Which of the following is not a type of agent in Artificial intelligence

a) Target based agents
b) Table driven agents
c) Model based Agents
d) Simple reflex Agents

Answer : a

12) Which one of the following doesn’t depend upon rationality of agent
a) Action
b) Reaction
c) Percept Sequence
d) Performance measures

Answer : b

13) Cross word puzzle belongs to which kind of environment category

a) Static
b) Dynamic
c) Continuous
d) Semi dynamic

Answer : a

14) What are the set of possible actions available to the agent
a) Operator
b) State space
c) Path in State space
d) All the above

Answer : d

15) What is Sociability in an agent

 a) Agent capable to perform action without any interferences
b) Agent capable of responding to environment
c) Agent capable of communicating with other agents
d) Agent performs action based on input received

Answer : c

16) Which type of the following agent stores the internal state of the environment
a) Simple Reflex agent
b) Model based Reflex agent
c) Goal based Agents
d) Utility based agents

Answer : b

17) What is computational Learning theory

a) A formal mathematical model defined complexity ,computation and feasibility
in analyzing patterns
b) Biological decision making and optimization
c) Analyzing pattern underlying the data
d) None of the above

Answer : a

18) What happens when the backtracking algorithm reaches a complete solution?
a) It backtracks to the root
b) It continues searching for other possible solutions
c) It traverses from a different route
d) Recursively traverses through the same route

Answer : b
19) In agent the extent to which its behavior is determined by its own experience,
rather experience, rather than knowledge of designer is called as
a) Model based agents
b) Autonomy in agents
c) Utility based agents
d) None of the above
Answer: b
20) Timely fashion reaction of the agent is called as
a) Responsiveness of agent
b) Mobility of agent
c) Veracity of agent
d) All the above
Answer : a

21) When an agent is responsible for making improvements. Then it is called as

a) Goal agents
b) Performance agents
c) Learning agent
 d) Simple agent

Answer : c
22) What are the constraints referred in Constraint Satisfaction problem
a) Restrictions
b) Regulations
c) Rules
d) All the above

Answer: d

23) Incremental Formulation of Constraint satisfaction problem constitutes which of

the following
a) Goal cost
b) Path cost
c) Successor function
d) All the

above Answer: d

24) How many types of constraints are available for Constraint satisfaction problem
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 5

Answer: 3

25) What is the need for Minimum Remaining Values Heuristic

a) Selecting initial as well as subsequent states
b) Determining next set of variables
c) Selection of a variable with minimum number of possible values can help
in simplifying the search
d) None of the above
Answer : c

26) MRV cannot have hold on initial selection process

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

27) For preparing individual time table for a staff handling staff we need to follow
a) Constraint satisfaction problem
b) Planning the problem
c) Searching the problem
d) None of the above

Answer: a
28) Flexible constraint satisfaction problem relax on
a) Current state
b) Initial state
c) Goal state
d) Constraints

Answer : d

29) What type of algorithm used in Constraint Satisfaction problem

a) Depth first search algorithm
b) Breadth first search algorithm
c) Climbing algorithm
d) All the above

Answer : a

30) Which of the given language is not commonly used for AI?
a) Perl
b) LIP
c) Python
d) All the above

Answer : a

1. The expectations from the intelligent systems

a. Kept on decreasing
b. Based on applications
c. Kept on increasing
d. Neutral
2. Which are the uncertain scenarios in real life that the machine should behave like
human being
i. Taking Decisions based on scenarios
ii. Smell
iii. Handle gestures
iv. Think and answer
a. i,ii,iii,iv
b. i & ii
c. i,ii &iii
d. ii & iii

3. Cognitive models do not deal with

a. AI
b. Psychology
c. Brain study
d. Network
4. The state of the computer system capable of thinking, reasoning and learning is known as
 a. Virtual intelligence
b. Human intelligence
c. Machine intelligence
d. Artificial intelligence
5. The first AI programming language was called
a. BASIC
b. FORTRAN
c. COBOL
d. IPL
6. Which is not the statement where AI technique is not needed to be built from the problem-
solving perspective
a. Large amount of data
b. Miscellaneous data
c. Static event
d. Dynamic event
7. Which are the problems that are need to handle by AI
i. Sorting problems
ii. Structured problems
iii. Sorting problems
iv. Linear problems
a. i,ii,iii,iv
b. i & ii
c. i,ii &iii
d. ii & iv
8. The commonly faced problems in our day-to-day life are called
a. Cross-domain problem
b. Independent problem
c. Well-structured problem
d. Ill-structured problem
9. If a problem does not yield a particular answer is called
a. Cross-domain problem
b. Independent problem
c. Well-structured problem
d. Ill-structured problem
10. Which is not an example of ill-structured problem
a. Predicting how to dispose e-waste safely
b. Security threats in social gatherings
c. Network flow analysis problem
d. Predicting how to throw the waste in the dustbin
11. Tic-Tac-Toe is an example of
a. Well-structured problem
b. Ill-structured problem
c. Linear problem
d. Non-linear problem
12. Who introduced maze hypothesis
a. Alan turing
b. McCarthy
c. Knight
d. Dunker
13. The models of AI are
i. Semiotic models
ii. Statistical models
a. I is true and ii is false
b. I is false and ii is true
c. Both are true
d. Both are false
14. Utilizing and exploiting the knowledge from different perspective to build up the
intelligent systems is a called
a. COLT
b. PAC
c. Mistake bound
d. MPI
15. The field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is
a. Cognitive Science
b. Psychology
c. Pharmacology
d. Sociology
16. What is the name of the computer program that simulates the thought processes of
human beings
a. Human logic
b. Expert system
c. Expert reason
d. Personal information
17. Which of the following have people traditionally done better than computers?
i. Recognizing relative importance
ii. Finding similarities
iii. Resolving ambiguity
a. ii &ii
b. ii
c. i, ii & iii
d. ii & iii
18. Who is considered to be the "father" of artificial intelligence?
a. Knight
b. Rich
c. McCarthy
d. Alan turing
19. There are four letters p,q,r,s available for registration number to be placed on number plate
on any car. Number plate can contain only 3 letters and the letters can be used in any order
How many different numbers can be generated?
a. 12
b. 10
c. 24
d. 18
20. In problem reduction, the state space is given by
a. OR graph
b. AND graph
c. Tree diagram
d. Graph diagram
21. Ten teams are playing in a cricket tournament. The winning team of each match progresses to
the next round and the loosing team is out of the game. In the 2 nd round, each team plays with
the other teams, after which a final round is played. How many matches will be played?
a. 15
 b. 12
c. 11
d. 16
22. A problem is always represented as
a. State search
b. State space
c. Problem space
d. Analysis space
23. A fully observable problem belongs to the category of
a. Multi-state problem
b. Two-state problem
c. Single-state problem
d. Not determined
24. Which of the following can be used in problem solving as the structure of state space
a. Graphs
b. Tree
c. Queues
d. Linked list
25. The solution quality in problem solving is measured on the basis of
a. Number of states
b. Time factor
c. Optimality
d. Space factor
26. Consider the word Health. In how many ways can the letters be arranged such that the
vowels ‘ea’ remain together?
a. 120
b. 720
c. 420
d. 320
27. Consider a scenario, where a student has a set of queries to be resolved. Amng the staff
members available in the college, he approaches specific staff members who are able to solve
and assist him in resolving the queries. In such a case, the staff member selection would
more appropriately mapped to be
a. Table-driven agent
b. Utility based agent
c. Simple reflex agent
d. Utility and simple reflex agents
28. If the agents are operating in distributed environment, then the agents
a. Centralized
b. Decentralized
c. Sharing common knowledge
d. Works independently
29. Local search in CSP make use of
a. Min-conflicts heuristics
b. Complete state representation
c. Forward checking
d. Max-conflicts heuristics
30. Intelligent backtracking makes use of
a. Unassigned variables set to decide the values
b. A conflict set to backtrack to the source
c. Backjumping to detect the failure node
 d. Heuristic to detect the failure

………………….

1. Name an interdisciplinary field aiming at developing techniques and tools for

solving problems that people are good to do
a) Internet of Things
b) Fog Computing
c) Artificial Intelligence
d) Data Analytics
2. is an entity that perceives and acts
a) Sensor
b) Actuator
c) Environmen
t d) Agent
3. List the advantages of Artificial Intelligence
a) Solves new problems
b) Handles the information in better manner
c) Converts information into
knowledge d) All the above
4. Which is not true about Artificial
Intelligence I).Cheap
II) Difficult in developing software
III) Only few experiences programmers are
available a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) Only III is correct
d) I, II and III are correct
5. Choose the one which finds a solution for a problem by trying various sequences
of actions or operators until a solution is found
a) Agent
Program b) Search
Program
c) Sorting
d) None of the above
6. Semiotic model works based
on a) Sign Processes
b) Probabilistic approach
c) Formulating relationship
d) None of the above
7. Define state space
a) the set of all states reachable from the initial state by any sequence of actions
b) a sequence of states connected by a sequence of actions
c) a set of goal states
d) None of the above
8. Sequence of states connected by a sequence of actions is called
as a) State space
b) Goal state.
c) Path
d) Graph
9. Which statement is true about predicate logic
I) The facts can be represented using a formal language
II) The facts cannot be represented

a) I is true, II is false
b) II is true,I is false
c) Bothe are false
d) None of the above

10. Omniscient agent

a) Knows the actual outcome of its actions
b) Does not know the actual outcome of its actions
c) Knows the expected outcome of its actions
d) None of the above
11. Rational agent should
be a) Autonomous
b) Not autonomous
c) Active
d) None of the above
12. Identify the agent that uses condition-action rules
a) Learning agent
b) Model Based Agent
c) Goal Based Agent
d) Simple Reflex Agent
13. In infinite domains, how the constraints are
defined a) Using constraint language
b) Using predicate logic
c) Using learning agent
d) Using goal based agent
14. Which is true about Constraint Satisfaction Problem
a) Satisfies Associative property
b) Satisfies commutative
property
c) Satisfies both associative and commutative property
d) None of the above
15. A search algorithm that takes as an input and returns _ as
an output.

a) Input, output
b) Problem, solution
 c) Solution, problem
d) Parameters, sequence of actions

16. Who is called as the father of Artificial intelligence?

a) Doug Cutting
b) Rasmus Ledorf
c) S.William
d) John McCarthy

17. Which is not true about Artificial Intelligence?

a) Unlimited
Memory b) Self
awareness
c) Reactive machines
d) All the above

18. List out the components of Artificial Intelligence?

a) Inference engine
b) User interface
c) Knowledge
base d) All the
above

19. How the agent performance is

improved? a) By learning
b) By perceiving
c) By observing
d) By sequencing

20. Architecure + Agent program can be viewed

as a) Agent Structure
b) Agent Model
c) Agent types
d) None of the above

21. An AI agent is defined with PEAS. What does the term PEAS stands for?

a) Personal Enhancement Area in Science

b) Performance, Environment, Actuators and Sensors
c) Performance, Entity, Area, State
d) None of the above
22. Which of the following problems are Constraint Satisfactory Problems?
I) Cryptarithmetic problem and N queens problem
II) Map Coloring problem and Sudoku
a) Only I
b) Only II
c) Both I and II
d) None of the above

23. Which of the mentioned properties of Constraint Satisfactory Problems are valid?
a) Constraints are a set of restrictions and regulations
b) While solving a CSP, the agent cannot violate any of the rules and
regulations or disobey the restrictions mentioned as the
constraints
c) It also focuses on reaching to the goal
state d) All the above
24. Which of the following properties are valid for a cryptarithmetic problem
I) A number 0-9 is assigned to a particular alphabet.
II) Each different alphabet has a unique number.
III) All the same alphabets have the same numbers.
IV) The numbers should satisfy all the operations that any
normal number does.
a) Only I
b) II and IV
c) I and III
d) All the above
25. Which of the following is not a goal of an AI agent?
a) Perceiving data from the environment
b) Adapting to the environment and situations
c) Acting upon the Environment
d) Reversing the previously performed actions
26. Which of the following classifications of the environment are valid?
a) Deterministic and non- Deterministic
b) Observable and partially-observable
c) Static and dynamic
d) All of the above
27. Provide the answer for the following cryptarithmetic
problem a) S=12; E=5; N=6; D=8; M=1; O=0; R=8;
Y=2
b) S=9; E=5; N=9; D=7; M=1; O=0; R=8; Y=2
c) S=5; E=5; N=6; D=7; M=1; O=0; R=8; Y=2
d) S=9; E=5; N=6; D=7; M=1; O=0; R=8; Y=2
28. The environment that has limited/finite number of distinct clearly defined
percepts and actions is called as
a) Episodic
environment b) Discrete
environment
c) Sequential environment
d) Static environment
29. List the agent which keeps building knowledge with reference to goal
a) Goal based agent
b) Utility based agent
c) Simple reflex agent
d) Learning agent
 30. Name the strategy which proceeds from goal state to the solvable initial
state a) Backward search
b) Forward search
c) Control search
d) Systemic search

2 Marks:
1. List out the horizons of AI.
2. What is meant by cognitive model?
3. Give the complete solution for 4 queens problem
4. What are the elements of problem-solving approach?
5. Describe various AI models.
6. Give PEAS description for online bus reservation system.
7. What are the characteristics of Intelligent Agents
8. What are the important AI techniques
9. What are the various constraint satisfaction problem
10. What are problem solving agents?
11. What is an agent ?
12. What is a Agent Program
13. What is fully observable or partially observable environment ?
14. What are the problems in simple reflex agent
15. What are the conceptual components of a Learning agent
16. What are the parameters of Measuring problem-solving performance
17. Define heuristic function
18. What are the drawback of table driven agents
19. What is rational agent?
20. Mention the types of intelligent agents.
21. Solve the given map coloring problem using Forward checking.

22.Try to assign {Purple, Pink, Yellow} for the given graph below using Intelligent backtracking
in CSP.
23Color the graph given below using Heuristics in CSP.

24.Solve the following crypt arithmetic puzzles.

TEA + EAT = ANT
MILK + LICK = FULL