S R M INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
(AY-2023-2024-EVEN)

UNIT 1 Question Bank

SUBJECT: 21AIS201J - Foundations of Artificial Intelligence Year/Sem : II/IV

Q. No QUESTION
1 The Turing test considers which of the following traits as evidence of machine intelligence?
A. Thinking humanly
B. Acting humanly
C. Acting rationally
D. Thinking rationally

2 What was originally called the "imitation game" by its creator?

A. The Turing Test
B. LISP
C. The Logic Theorist
D. Cybernetics
3 Weak AI is
A. the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.
B. Set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence as if it was generated by human
C. the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a
computer.
D. All of the above
4 What is the name of the computer program that simulates the thought processes of human
beings?
A. Human logic
B. Expert reason
C. Expert system
D. Personal information
5 Strong AI is
A. the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.
B. a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated by humans.
C. the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer
D. All of the above
6 Which of the following is not an application of artificial intelligence?
Computer Vision
Natural Language Processing
Digital Assistants
Data Base Management
7 A self-driving car needs to navigate through a city while avoiding obstacles and following
traffic rules. Which AI approach is most suitable for training the car to make decisions in real-
time based on its environment?
a) Supervised Learning
 b) Unsupervised Learning
c) Reinforcement Learning (RL)
a) Ensemble Learning
8 Which AI technique enables the computers to understand the associations and relationships
between objects and events?
a. Heuristic Processing
b. Cognitive Science
c. Relative Symbolism
d. Pattern Matching

9 Natural language processing has two subfields, namely:

a. algorithmic and heuristic
b. time and motion
c. understanding and generation
d. symbolic and numeric

10 Shaping teaching techniques to fit the learning patterns of individual students is the goal of:
A. decision support
B. automatic programming
C. intelligent computer-assisted instruction
D. expert systems
11 The AI system that defeated human champions in games like chess (Deep Blue) and Go
(AlphaGo) utilized:
a) Reinforcement Learning
b) Expert System
c) Generative Algorithm
d) Machine Learning
12 Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant are examples of:
a) Autonomous Robots
b) Virtual Personal Assistants –Strong AI
c) Virtual Personal Assistants –Weak AI
d) Expert Systems
13 Which type of AI system is commonly used to provide instant responses to customer queries
in online chat support?
a) Expert Systems
b) Neural Networks
c) Chatbots
d) Genetic Algorithms
14 In the context of autonomous vehicles, what AI technology is primarily responsible for
enabling the vehicle to make real-time decisions based on its surroundings?
a) Machine Learning
b) Natural Language Processing (NLP)
c) Robotics
d) Computer Vision
15 A cyber security team wants to detect and prevent malicious activities on their network. They
are looking for an AI technique that can learn patterns of normal behavior and identify
anomalies. What type of machine learning is best suited for this task?
d) Supervised Learning
e) Unsupervised Learning
f) Reinforcement Learning (RL)
 g) Ensemble Learning
16 What is the main goal of Computational Learning Theory (COLT)?
a. Designing efficient algorithms for machine learning
b. Understanding the computational complexity of learning problems
c. Developing hardware for learning systems
d. Studying the psychology of human learning
17 What is the primary inspiration for Evolutionary Computing techniques?
a. Newtonian physics
b. Genetic variation and natural selection
c. Quantum mechanics
d. Neural networks
18 What is the role of coordination in Multi-Agent Systems?
a. Minimizing the autonomy of individual agents
b. Maximizing competition among agents
c. Ensuring that agents work independently without communication
d. Managing interactions and dependencies among agents
19 What does "Multi-Perspective Intelligence" generally refer to in the context of cognitive
abilities?
a. The ability to focus on a single perspective for problem-solving
b. A cognitive approach that considers multiple viewpoints in understanding and
decision-making
c. Intelligence measured from different sensory perspectives
d. The capability to switch between different tasks rapidly
20 What is the primary goal of data mining?
a. Data visualization
b. Data storage
c. Pattern discovery and knowledge extraction
d. Data transmission
21 Which step in formulating problems is crucial for defining the desired outcome and specifying
the criteria for success in an AI system?
A) Problem Identification
B) Problem Formulation
C) Problem Solving
D) Problem Evaluation
22 In the context of AI problem formulation, what does the term "state space" refer to?
A) The physical space where AI algorithms operate
B) The set of all possible states the problem can be in
C) The memory space allocated for AI programs
D) The space complexity of the AI solution
23 Why is it essential to carefully define the problem scope when formulating problems in AI?
A) It helps in avoiding ethical concerns
B) It ensures the AI system will be error-free
C) It helps in selecting appropriate AI techniques and algorithms
D) It simplifies the problem-solving process
24 What is the primary purpose of defining the initial and goal states in AI problem formulation?
A) To identify obstacles in the problem
B) To specify the search space for AI algorithms
 C) To determine the optimal solution
D) To evaluate the performance of the AI system
25 In AI problem formulation, what role does the cost function play in decision-making?
A) It determines the financial cost of implementing the AI solution
B) It measures the computational complexity of the problem
C) It quantifies the distance from the current state to the goal state
D) It assesses the accuracy of the AI model
26 Which of the following statements best describes a deterministic problem in the context of
artificial intelligence?
A) The solution to the problem is not guaranteed and may vary with different executions.
B) The problem has a single, well-defined solution, and the same input will always
produce the same output.
C) The problem involves probabilistic algorithms, introducing randomness in the solution.
D) The problem is unsolvable and cannot be addressed using AI techniques.
27 In the context of artificial intelligence, which characteristic best defines a non-deterministic
problem?
A) The problem has a single, well-defined solution, and the same input will always produce the
same output.
B) The solution to the problem is not guaranteed and may vary with different
executions.
C) The problem involves only deterministic algorithms, eliminating any element of
uncertainty.
D) The problem is simple and can be solved using a fixed set of rules without any ambiguity.

28 Which term best describes a problem in AI where the agent may not have complete
information about the current state of the environment?
A) Deterministic problem.
B) Fully observable problem.
C) Non-deterministic problem.
D) Partially observable problem.
29 Which term best describes a problem in AI where the agent lacks knowledge about the entire
range of possible states it might encounter during its operation?
A) Fully observable problem.
B) Unknown state space problem.
C) Deterministic problem.
D) Partially observable problem.
30 What is a characteristic feature of a problem with an unknown state space in AI?

A) The complete set of possible states and their transitions is well-defined.

B) The problem has a single, well-defined solution.

C) The agent must explore to discover the possible states and their connections.

D) The environment is fully observable with no uncertainty.

31 1. What is the main task of a problem-solving agent?

(a) Solve the given problem and reach to goal
 (b) To find out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state

(c) All of the mentioned

(d) None of the mentioned

32 What does the term state space refer to in the context of search algorithms?
a) The set of all possible states that can be reached from the initial state
b) The set of all possible solutions to a problem
c) The set of all possible goals in a given problem
d) The set of all possible algorithms to solve a problem
33 Which of the following is a key component of a search algorithm in artificial intelligence?
a) Initial state
b) Goal state
c) Path cost
d) All of the above
34 In the context of problem-solving agents, what is the difference between the state space and
the search spaces.
a) They are interchangeable terms.
b) State space is the set of all possible states, while the search space is the set of states
and actions.
c) Search space is the set of all possible states, while the state space is the set of states and
actions.
d) There is no difference between state space and search space.
35 5.A solution to a problem is a path from the initial state to a goal state. Solution quality is
measured
by the path cost function, and an optimal solution has the highest path cost among all
solutions.
(a) TRUE
(b) FALSE
36 In a game of Tic-tac-toe, the player who goes first (X) makes optimal moves, and the player
who goes second (O) also makes optimal moves. Assuming both players play perfectly, what is
the outcome of a standard 3x3 Tic-tac-toe game?
a) X wins
b) O wins
c) It's a draw
d) Depends on the specific moves made
37 You are implementing a Tic-tac-toe-playing agent using the minimax algorithm. What is the
role of the minimax algorithm in this context?
a) Maximizing the number of X's on the board
b) Minimizing the number of O's on the board
c) Maximizing the likelihood of X winning
d) Finding the optimal move for the current player in a zero-sum game
38 You are developing a Tic-tac-toe AI that uses heuristics to evaluate the desirability of different
board states. What is the purpose of the heuristics in this context?
 a) To guarantee a win for X
b) To speed up the minimax algorithm
c) To assess the quality of a game state and guide the AI's decision-making
d) To confuse the opponent
39 In a 4x4 Tic-tac-toe game, what is the minimum number of moves required for a player to win
the game if they play optimally?
8 moves
4 moves
16 moves
9 moves
40 A Tic-tac-toe game is played on a 3x3 grid. The first player places an 'X' in the center square.
What would be the optimal move for the second player using the minimax algorithm?
a) Top-left corner
b) Bottom-right corner
c) Top-right corner
d) Middle-right
41
In the "Missionaries and Cannibals" problem, there are three missionaries and three cannibals
on one side of a river. They need to cross to the other side using a boat that can carry at most
two people. However, if the missionaries ever outnumber the cannibals on either side of the
river, the cannibals will eat the missionaries. What is the minimum number of trips required for
everyone to safely cross the river?
A) 3trips
B) 4trips
C) 5 trips
D) 6 trips
32 In the Missionaries and Cannibals problem, why is it crucial to ensure that at no point on
either side of the river, the number of cannibals exceeds the number of missionaries?
a) Cannibals are faster swimmers than missionaries.
b) Cannibals and missionaries cannot coexist peacefully.
c) It's a rule of the game.
d) The boat cannot handle more cannibals than missionaries.
43
In the "Missionaries and Cannibals" problem, there are six missionaries and six cannibals on one
side of a river. They need to cross to the other side using a boat that can carry at most three
people. However, if the missionaries ever outnumber the cannibals on either side of the river,
the cannibals will eat the missionaries. What is the minimum number of trips required for
everyone to safely cross the river?
A) 7 trips
B) 8 trips
C) 9 trips
D) 10 trips
44 In the Missionaries and Cannibals problem, if the initial state has two missionaries and one
cannibal on one side and the boat has a capacity of two, what is the only valid move that can
be made in the first step?
a) Move one missionary and one cannibal to the other side.
b) Move both missionaries to the other side.
c) Move one cannibal to the other side.
d) Stay in the initial state.
45 If the boat has a capacity of two individuals in the Missionaries and Cannibals problem, how
many different combinations of passengers can be selected for a single trip?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
46 What is the primary challenge in solving large instances of the Travelling Salesman Problem?
i. Selecting the optimal starting city.
ii. Dealing with time constraints.
iii. Finding the most distant city.
iv. Computationally intensive exploration of all possibilities.

47 What does the term "path cost" represent in the TSP?

i. Total distance traveled in the tour.
ii. Number of cities visited.
iii. Time taken to travel between two cities.
iv. Total number of possible tours.
48 What role does the initial state play in the TSP?
i. Represents the final destination.
ii. Determines the order of city visits.
iii. Is irrelevant in TSP.
iv. Defines the number of cities in the tour.

49 . In TSP, what do operators refer to?

i. Actions determining the starting city.
ii. Methods to calculate tour cost.
iii. Movements between cities without revisiting.
iv. Random selections of cities for the tour.

50 How does the term "feasible solution" apply to the Travelling Salesman Problem?
i. It refers to the optimal solution.
ii. Any solution that adheres to the constraints of the problem.
iii. The solution with the maximum number of cities visited.
iv. The solution with the minimum tour cost.
 PART B
Introduction to AI - AI techniques
1 Explain the role of Artificial intelligence in the Future.
2 Compare the contrast human intelligence and artificial intelligence with a few examples and
applications.
3 Briefly outline the historical development of AI, highlighting key milestones and
breakthroughs.
Problem-solving with AI
7 Describe in detail about following with a neat sketch.
a) Well Structured Problem
b) Ill Structured Problem
8 Explain in detail about the well-structured problem with an example.
9 Explain how NLP can be used to generate news articles or summaries automatically. Discuss
the use of language models, such as GPT-3, and the challenges associated with maintaining
coherence and accuracy.
AI Models
10 Describe the maze hypothesis with an example.
11 What is the Statistical model? Explain.
12 Whether chess games can be viewed as a controlled environment. If yes, Explain.
Data Acquisitions
13 Explain in detail the methods of data acquisition in AI.
14 What are the steps involved in the Knowledge discovery database?
15 A manufacturing company is adopting AI for predictive maintenance of machinery. Describe
the data acquisition process for collecting relevant information to predict equipment failures.
Discuss the types of sensors or data sources that might be utilized.
Formulating problems
16 Explain the importance of well-defined problem formulation in the context of AI.
17 How does the concept of state space relate to AI problem formulation, and why is it essential in
designing intelligent systems?
18 Imagine you are tasked with designing an AI system for an autonomous delivery robot in a busy
urban environment. The goal is to optimize the robot's route for efficient package delivery while
considering factors like traffic, pedestrian safety, and delivery time windows. Formulate the
problem by identifying key components and considerations for the successful implementation
of this AI solution.
Problem Types and Characteristics
19 Discuss about the problem Formulation Steps in detail with an Example
20 Elaborate how search techniques are useful for finding a solution to a problem with an
example
21 Suppose four candidates are contesting for party tickets for assembly elections. The party
wants to select the best candidate. Formulate a problem for this situation. with a possible
approach to find out the solution. (Assume data as required.)
Problem space and search
22 Explain the concept of the problem space in artificial intelligence.
23 How problem space and search are working with real-time applications.
24 Explain how problem space and search are used for route planning in a delivery service and
Game Playing - Chess AI.
Route Planning in a Delivery Service
Problem Space: The road network in a city, considering traffic conditions.
Question: A delivery service company wants to optimize its route planning for its delivery
vehicles.
How would you define the problem space, and which search algorithm would you recommend?
Provide a real-time example.
Toy Problems – Tic-tac-toe problems
25 Explain in detail about the toy problem with an example.
26 Player 1: Marks the ‘O”
Player 2: Marks the “X”
Draw the state space to reach the goal state from the initial state and formulate the
problem. The next player is player 2.

O O X
O O X
X O X O X
Initial State Goal State
27
The game of Tic-Tac-Toe is being played between two players and it is in the below state
after six moves.

O X
X
X O O

Can you answer the following questions?

1. Who will win the game, O or X?
2. Which was the sixth mark and at which position?
Assume that both the players are intelligent enough.

Missionaries and Cannibals Problem

28 There are three missionaries (M) and three cannibals (C) on one side of a river. They need to
cross to the other side using a boat that can carry at most two people. If the number of
missionaries ever becomes less than the number of cannibals on either side of the river, the
cannibals will eat the missionaries. Determine the sequence of trips to safely transport everyone
to the other side.
29 In the "Missionaries and Cannibals" problem, there are six missionaries and six cannibals on one
side of a river. They need to cross to the other side using a boat that can carry at most three
people. However, if the missionaries ever outnumber the cannibals on either side of the river,
the cannibals will eat the missionaries. Determine the sequence of trips to safely transport
everyone to the other side.
30 Three missionaries and three cannibals are on one side of a river, along with a boat that can hold
one or two people. Find a way to get everyone to the other side, without ever leaving a group of
missionaries in one place outnumber the cannibals.
Assumptions: (i). Number of trips is not restricted (ii). Both the missionary and cannibal can row
the boat Generate the production system and find out which rules are used successively to
achieve the goal.

States:
● S: State with current configuration (e.g., M3C3B (Left) | M0C0B (Right))
● M_left: Number of missionaries on the left
● C_left: Number of cannibals on the left
● B_left: Boat presence on the left (1 for boat, 0 for no boat)
Rules:
Rule 1 (2 Missionaries)
○ Condition: M_left >= 2, C_left >= 0, B_left = 1
○ Action: Move 2 missionaries across. S' = M(M_left-2)C_leftB(1-B_left) |
M2C_leftB_left
Rule 2 (1 Missionary, 1 Cannibal)
○ Condition: M_left >= 1, C_left >= 1, B_left = 1
○ Action: Move 1 missionary and 1 cannibal across. S' = M(M_left-1)C(C_left-1)B(1-
B_left) | M1C1B_left
Rule 3 (1 Missionaries)
○ Condition: M_left >= 1, C_left = 0, B_left = 1
○ Action: Move 1 missionary across. S' = M(M_left-1)C_leftB(1-B_left) | M1C0B_left
Rule 4 (1 Cannibal)
○ Condition: M_left = 0, C_left >= 1, B_left = 1
○ Action: Move 1 cannibal across. S' = M_leftC(C_left-1)B(1-B_left) | M0C1B_left
Rule 5 (Return Empty Boat):
○ Condition: B_left = 0
○ Action: Return the empty boat. S' = M_leftC_leftB(1-B_left) | M_leftC_leftB
Goal State: M0C0B1 | M3C3B0
Real World Problem – Travelling Salesman Problem
31 Explain the significance of the initial state in the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), and how it
influences the overall solution strategy. Provide examples to illustrate its impact on the
problem-solving process.
32 You are a logistics manager responsible for planning the delivery routes for a fleet of trucks to
cover multiple cities. The goal is to minimize the total distance traveled while ensuring that each
city is visited exactly once, and the trucks return to the depot after completing all deliveries.
Question:
Given the scenario described above, discuss how you would approach solving the Travelling
Salesman Problem (TSP) for this logistics scenario. Consider factors such as route optimization,
constraints, and potential solution methodologies.