CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Fig 1.1 Muthuvel Karunanidhi

Muthuvel Karunanidhi is an Indian politician is the former of the

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). He was born as Dakshinamoorthy to
Muthuvel and Anjugam on 3 June 1924 in Thirukuvalai, Nagapattinam
district. At birth he was named Dakshinamurthy after a form of Shivaas a
teacher, but he later changed itto Karunanidhi influenced by Dravidian and
rationalist movements that were against use of Brahmanical and gods'
names.

His initial schooling was in Thirukkuvalai and then in 1936 he

shifted to ahigh school in Tiruvarur. He was popularly known as 'Kalaignar'
(artist), for his Less contributions to Tamil literature through his poems,
letters, screenplays, novels, biographies, historical novels, stage- plays,

1
dialogues and movies. He was a long-standing leader of the Dravidian
movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
political party. He died on 7 August 2018 (94) in Chennai after prolonged,
age-related illness. For the first time parliament Adjourns in Tribute to
Karunanidhi, Who Was Never a member.

His Ruling Period as Chief Minister in Tamil Nadu.

Fig 1.2 Muthuvel Karunanidhi

 1969-1971
 1971-1976
 1989-1991
 1996-2001

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  2006-2011
He starts to speech with in

"என் உயிரினும் மேலான அன்பு

உடன்பிறப்புகளே !"

His Works

Karunanidhi started his work as a screenwriter in the Tamil film

industry. His first movies as a screenwriter were Rajakumaari (1947) which
gained him huge popularity. He still continues to write for Tamil Cinema.
Ponnar Shankar, the last film he worked on, released in 2011. His work
helped him grow as a leader of the Dravidian movement. He usually used
to write historical and social (reformist) stories. It also helped propagating
the socialist and rationalist ideals of the Dravidian movement. Through the
movie Parasakthi, his political ideas were propagated. Two other movies
written by him which had similar messages were Panam and
Thangarathnam. Two of his plays were banned in 1950s becausethey
carried strong social messages.

Fig 1.3 Karunanidhi and Shivaji photoshoot on "Parasakthi "

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World classical Tamil conference 2010

The World Classical Tamil Conference- 2010 was an international

gathering of scholars, poets, political leaders and celebrities with an interest
in Tamil people, the Tamil language and Tamil literature. It was held in
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu between 23 June and 27 June 2010 with an
expenditure of more than 500 Crores.

The theme song, "Semmozhiyaana Thamizh Mozhiyaam" was

penned by the then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Karunanidhi with music by
A.R. Rahman.

Fig 1.4 Semmozhiyaana Thamizh Mozhiyaam Maanadu

Awards

 Annamalai University awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1971.

He was awarded "Raja Rajan Award" by Tamil University, Thanjavur
for his book Thenpandi Singam.
 On 15 December 2006, the Governor of Tamil Nadu and the
Chancellor of Madurai Kamaraj University, Surjit Singh Barnala
conferred an honorary doctorate on the Chief Minister on the
occasion of the 40th annual convocation.

4
  In June 2007, the Tamil Nadu Muslim Makkal Katchi announced that
it would confer the title "Friend of the Muslim Community" (Yaaran-
E- Millath) upon M. Karunanidhi.

Fig 1.5 Karananidhi Get Award from PM

List of Books

1. Iniyvai Irubadhu
2. Kaala pezhaiyum kavithai saaviyum
3. Kalaignar sonna kathaigal
4. Kalaignarin kavithai mazhai
5. Kalaignarin kavithai nadaiyil thaai kaaviyam
6. Kalaignarin pasumai ninaivugal
7. Kallakudi
8. Kuraloviyam
9. Muthukuliyal (volume 1,2)
10. Nenjukkuneedh
11. Nerukkadi neruppuaru
12. Oru thalai kadhal
13. Payum puli pandara vanniyan
14. Ponnar sankar
15. Romapuri Pandiyan

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16. Sanga Tamizh
17. Sindhanaiyum seiyalum
18. Thear sendra paathai
19. Thenpandi singam
20. Thirukkural Urai
21. Vaanpugazh konda valluvam
22. Vellikizhamai

Stage Performance
1. Manimagudam
2. Ore Ratham
3. Palaniappan
4. Thooku Medai
5. Kagithapoo
6. Naane Arivali
7. Vellikizhamai
8. Udhayasooriyan
9. Silappathikaram

In Cinema
1. Rajakumaari (1947) (FIRST MOVIE)
2. Parasakthi (1952)
3. Manohara (1952)
4. Malaikkallan(1954)
5. Poompuhar (1964)
6. Pasa Kiligal (2006)
7. Ilaignan (2011)
8. Ponnar Shankar (2011) (LAST MOVIE)

6
Objectives of the study

 The Aim of this study was to Muthuvel Karunanidhi

 To study the Muthuvel Karunanidhi early life.
 To examine the M.K.Achivements
 To examine the Golden Project of M.K.Rule Period.
 To Analysis welfare schemes for 1990 period.

7
 CHAPTER-2

ACHIEVEMENTS

Political Career of Kalaignar Karunanidi

Karunanidhi got inspired to enter into the realm of politics at a mere

age of 14 and this was believed to be after hearing a speech of Justice
Party's Alagiriswami. His political career commenced with his involvement
in Anti- Hindi agitations. He also formed an organisation in his locality for
the local youth and circulated 'Manavar Nesan,' a handwritten newspaper,
among its members.

Subsequently, he founded 'Tamil Nadu Tamil Manavar Mandram,' a

student organisation. It was the first student wing of the Dravidian
Movement. Karunanidhi got engaged in social work along with other
organisation members. He started a newspaper which grew into 'Murasoli',
the DMK party's official newspaper.

Karunanidhi's journey in Tamil Nadu politics started with his

involvement in the Kallakudi agitation in 1953. The original name of this
town was Kallakudi but it was later changed to Dalmiapuram in order to
name it after a cement baron who had constructed a cement plant there. The
DMK was eagerly protesting to switch the name back to the previous one.
During the protest, Karunanidhi was arrested and two people died.

Karunanidhi was first elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly

in 1957 from Kulithalai seat of Tiruchirapalli district. In 1961, he became
the DMK treasurer and the following year, he assumed the position of
deputy leader of opposition in the state assembly.

8
 When the DMK came to power in 1967, he became the minister for
public works. After the death of C.N. Annadurai in 1969, Karunanidhi
became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. He has held a number of
positions in both government and party during his political career in Tamil
Nadu.

Karunanidhi suffered many poll defeats against his main opponent

M.G. Ramachandran's ADMK until the death of the latter in 1987.
Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in 1996. After
completing a full term, his party suffered lost to J. Jayalalithaa's AIADMK
in 2001 elections.

He was, however, back in power 5 years later after his coalition party
won from J. Jayalalithaa in the 2006 polls. After completing a full term in
office, Karunanidhi suffered defeat from Jayalalitha's AIADMK in the
Assembly elections of 2011. He also represented Tiruvarur constituency in
Tamil Nadu legislative assembly. He has been elected to the Tamil Nadu
Legislative Assembly 12 times and once to the erstwhile Tamil Nadu
Legislative Council.

Year wise Achievement of his government

 1969-1971

1. Beggars Rehabilitation Scheme (1969).

2. Abolition of Hand-pulled Rickshaws and free distribution of Cycle

Rickshaws (1969).

3. Free Concrete Houses for Scheduled Castes and Tribes.

4. Act to provide conferment of house- sites (Kudiyiruppu Act) ownership

of

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5. Act fixing fair wages to farm labourers (1971)

6. Police Commission - First in India

7. Separate Ministry for Backward Classes and Scheduled Castes

8. Constitution of the Backward Classes Commission and Increasing the

quantum of reservation for Backward Classes to 31 per cent from 25 per
cent and for Scheduled Castes to 18 per cent from 15 per cent.

9. Free Education to all upto P.U.C.

10. May Day declared as a Holiday with wages (1969). Birthday of

"Nabigal Nayagam" declared as a Holiday.

11. Rajamannar committee (1969).

 1971-1976

1. First Agricultural University at Coimbatore (1971)

2. ENAU

3. Family Benefit Fund Scheme to

4. "Karunai Illam" in Temples for children.

5. Government Employees.

6. Inclusion of Urdu Speaking Muslims in the list of

7. Backward Classes, like Tamil Speaking Muslims.

8. Abolition of Land Tax on dry lands.

9."Manu Neethi Thittam" Poompuhar Shipping Corporation (1974)

10."Kongu Vellalar" included in the list of Backward Classes

11. Green Revolution

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12. The first Tamil Nadu chief minister to hoist the

13. national flag at Fort St George in Chennai (15 August, 1974).

14. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961
was amended in 1970, and the ceiling area fixed earlier at 30 standard acres
was reduced to 15 standard acres.

15. In 1976, the entire state was covered by the PDS.

16. The first to resolution on regional autonomy was passed in state

assembly (1974).

Fig 2.1 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University at Coimbatore.

 1989-1991

1. Free Education to Scheduled Castes and subject to income ceiling to

women up to Degree level.

2. Free Electricity to Farmers - First time in the Country (1989).

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3. Law for equal property rights to women (1989). 30 per centre servation
for women in Government services.

4. First Veterinary and Animal Sciences University First in Asia (1989).

5. Financial Assistance to poor girls for marriages.

6. Financial assistance to pregnant women.

7. Women's Self-Help groups benefiting 10 lakh women.

8. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (1990).

9. Efforts to set up Cauvery Tribunal (1990).

10. 20% separate reservation within the OBC quota for the most backward
castes was provided, including denotified communities.

Fig 2.2 First Veterinary and University. Animal Sciences

 1996-2001

1. 33 per cent reservation for women in local bodies - by which 44,143

women including 2 Women

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2. Mayors assumed office, of the two Women

3. Mayors one belonged to SC community.

4. 'Madras' renamed as 'Chennai' (1996).

5. Transparent New Industrial Policy. Single window system for obtaining

all licenses for starting industries

6. For the first time in India, MLA Constituency Development Fund.

7.Periyar Memorial Samathuvapuram Scheme to eradicate caste

discrimination (1998).

8. Ambedkar Law University-First in India (1997) 9. Tamil Virtual

University to help world Tamils

10. Farmers Market Scheme (uzhavar sandhai thittam) (1999). Vazhvoli

Thittam in Schools (1999)

11. 133 feet high Thiruvalluvar Statue Kanniyakumari (2000).

12. Community Certificate, Nativity Certificate, Income Certificate on

completion of 10th and 12th standards from the year 1999-2000.
Foundation of Bus Terminal at Koyambedu in Chennai - Biggest in Asia

13. Special Scheme for the economic development of Southern districts.

14. Women's Small Trade Loan Scheme with saving scheme

15. Manimandapam for Tamil Scholars and martyrs

16. For the first time Bench of High Court at Madurai. Anna Marumalarchi
Scheme (1997-98).

17. Indigent Family Welfare Scheme. Nationalisation of the works of Tamil

scholars

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18. The 'Namakku Naame Thittam' (loosely translated as self- sufficiency)
was a participatory scheme mooted in the 1997-1998 budget to promote
and strengthen self-help and the self-reliant attitude of the community.

19. Tidal Park establishment (1999).

Fig 2.3 Kanniyakumari (2000) Thiruvalluvar Statue - 133 feet high

 2006-2011

1. Varumun Kappom (2006).

2. Free land distribution scheme (2006).

3. 1 Kg. of rice for 1 Rupee (2008).

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4. Cooperative loan of Rs. 7,000 crores waived to benefit 22 lakh 40
thousand and 739 families of farmers.

5. Renewal of 117 old Uzhavar Sandhais and 45 new Uzhavar Sandhais.

6. Linking of rivers within the State: Cauvery - Gundaru Linking Project

taken up at a cost of Rs.189 crores

7. Tamirabarani Karumeniyaru Nambiyaru

8. Linking Project taken up at a cost of Rs.369 crores

9. Kamarajar Birthday (July 15) celebrated as "Education Development

Day" in all the schools - A Special Legislation enacted (2006).

10. Tamil made a compulsory subject upto 10th Standard in all the schools
(2006).

11. Central Institute of Classical Tamil shifted to Chennai from Mysore

12. Moovalur Ramamirdham Ammaiyar Financial

13. Assistance for marriages of poor girls increased to Rs 25,000 from Rs.
10,000.

14. Under "Varumun Kappom Thittam 18 thousand 742 camps have been
conducted so far, benefiting 77 lakhs 5 thousand and 8 persons. "Nalamana
Thamizhagam Thittam for medical check-up to create awareness in regard
to heart disease, diabetics and cancer (2010).

15. Free 108 Emergency Ambulance Scheme with the Central assistance
has benefited 8 lakh B thousand 907 persons so far, Further, lives of 42
thousand 232 persons have been saved (2009).

16. 3 percent separate reservation for Arunthathiyar Community.

15
17. With a view to create a casteless society, 145 Periyar Ninaivu
Samathuvapurams have already been established:

95 new Samathuvapurams are added.

18. New Secretariat-Assembly Complex in Omandurar Government Estate

at a cost of Rs. 1200 crores.

19. TESMA and ESMA scrapped; Concessions withdrawn from

Government servants and teachers have been given back to them;

20. Recommendations of the 6th Pay Commission have been implemented

with effect from 1.1.2006, on an annual expenditure of Rs.5,155.79 crores.

21. First World Classical Tamil Conference held at Coimbatore in June

2010. Rajaraja Chola's 1000th birth anniversary (sadhaya vizha) was
celebrated (2010), singlepaddy cultivation system was introduced (raja
rajan sayiram). In 2007, the DMK also provided 3.5% quota each for
Muslims and Christians within the OBC share of 30%.

Careers in cinema and literature

With his passion for Tamil literature, Karunanidhi commenced his

career as a screenwriter in the Tamil film industry. It was through his movie
scripts that he tried to convey a meaningful social message, his story lines
touched on subjects like widow remarriage, abolition of the zamindari
system, obliteration of religious hypocrisy, eradication of untouchability
and self-respect marriages. The movie "Parasakthi" reflects his stand point
on the negative aspects of Brahmanism that was opposed by traditional
Hindu communities. Despite many controversies the movie never failed to
win wide spread publicity and was accepted by audiences all over the state.
His unconventional themes made him one of the most sought-after
screenwriters during his time. Apart from penning down dialogues for

16
motion pictures, Karunanidhi also wrote a number of poems, letters, books,
biographies, historical novels, songs, dialogues, plays, essays, short stories,
etc. Being an art lover, the famous "Valluvar Kottam" architectural rock
pile is said to be Karunanidhi's tribute to the renowned scholar
Thiruvalluvar.

Other achievements

Karunanidhi has been an honorary dignitary for the World Tamil

Conference in 1970 that was held in Paris. In 1987 he inaugurated the
World Tamil Conference conducted in Malaysia. For the 'World classical
Tamil Conference 2010', M.Karunanidhi was responsible for composing
the official theme song. The background score was churned out by A. R.
Rahman. Apart from his literary contributions towards Tamil literature,
Karunanidhi has also extended his support to ensure the welfare of his
people. From free insurance schemes for the downtrodden in rural parts of
the state to undertaking rigorous measure towards industrialization,
Karunanidhi continues to work towards social causes. During his tenure,
Karunanidhi, built the Tidal software park welcoming more IT industries
into the state. He also started the New Tractor Manufacturing cell in
Oragadam. Companies that include Mahindra and Nissan operate in this
setup.

17
 CHAPTER-3

THE GOLDEN PROJECTS

Tamil Nadu the Special Schemes Introduced by DMK Chief Minister

Karunanidhi. The first 94 projects brought by artist Karunanidhi. A glance
at Karunanidhi's gifts to Tamils and Tamils, who have an indelible place in
everyone's life even after the passage of time. Schemes introduced by
Karunanidhi: It has been almost 60 years since artist Karunanidhi set foot
in the Legislative Assembly. Kalan invited the Dravidian Nayak to him
after seeing his golden jubilee as the DMK leader.

No one can deny that the DMK and its party policies are the
backbone of today's Tamil Nadu, a progressive thinking Tamil Nadu from
the rest of India. No one can doubt that the concession schemes brought to
Tamil Nadu during the reign of the artist were the main reason for these
changes. A view of the programs introduced by artist Karunanidhi for
Tamil, Tamil Nadu and Tamil.

Schemes introduced by Karunanidhi

1. Tamil Nadu Slum Replacement Board and Tamil Nadu Drinking Water
Drainage Board formed.

18
2. The use of hand rickshaws was abolished and cycle rickshaws were
introduced. He abolished the practice of pulling a man in a rickshaw by
another man.

3. Road facilities were created even for small villages. The transport sector,
which was stuck in private hands, was privatized.

4. Set up of Chipcott Industrial Complexes.

5. CITCO Industrial Complexes brought up

6. Industrial Parks have been created at various places in the state

7. Smelt was brought to Salem

8. Electricity facility has been created for all the villages of Tamil Nadu

9. Power stations have been established at 8 places for uninterrupted power

supply.

10. Schemes introduced by Karunanidhi to take Tamil Nadu on the path of

development. In 1997, new policies were formulated for the information
technology of Taramani Tidal Park.

11. The Rs 14,600 crore Chennai Metro project was brought about by artist
Karunanidhi.

12. 108 Ambulance services were introduced only during Karunanidhi's

regime

13. Slum Conversion Board was formed and all slums from cities were
converted into flats. In 2010, the artist free housing program was created
because there should be no slums anywhere in Tamil Nadu.

14. Karunanidhi has the honour of building a large number of car factories
in Chennai and making the economy of Tamil Nadu reach a milestone. That
is why Chennai is known as the Detroit of Asia.

19
15. Minibuses were introduced. Schemes brought to government
employees

16. Government Employees Family Welfare Scheme was created.

17. Commission constituted for Tamil Nadu Police.

18. Government holiday with pay declared on 1st May.

19. Karunanidhi also introduced the practice of providing financial

assistance to the families of government servants in case of death.

Schemes introduced by Karunanidhi for farmers

20. Free electricity for agriculture (only then in India such a scheme was
created)

21. Farmers markets were set up and the produce was distributed to the
customers without middlemen by artist Karunanidhi.

22. Announced Rs 7 thousand crore loan waivers for farmers.

23. Wage fixation was introduced for agricultural labourers

24. We have created our own plan for rural development. It was introduced
that they can meet their own needs with government subsidy.

25. Anna Revival Schemes were introduced for rural development.

Programs for women

26. Marriage assistance scheme for poor women in memory of Muvalur

Ramamirtham, senior woman leader of DMK.

27. To encourage the remarriage of maids, the Maiden Remarriage Fund

Scheme was introduced by artist Karunanidhi.

28. 30% reservation for women in government jobs.

29. Women's Equal Rights in Property Act passed.

20
30. Schemes for free degree studies for women were introduced.

31. Local elections were held very successfully with 33% reservation for
women.

32. Financial assistance of one thousand rupees per month was given to
pregnant women.

33. Gas stoves with free gas connection provided to poor women.

34. Women's Self-Help Groups were formed in 1989 with the idea that
women should be independent in the economy without relying on anyone.
Through this, more self-employment was created by women in Tamil Nadu.

Projects introduced by Karunanidhi for Tamil

35. A 133 feet tall statue of Ayyan Valluvan is placed at the southern end of
Tamil Nadu which is the end point of India or the starting point of
renaissance India.

36. It was Karunanidhi who gave classical recognition to the Tamil

language which has been spoken for thousands of years.

37. A classical conference was successfully held in Coimbatore with a huge

gathering of Tamil scholars.

38. A statue of Kannagi, the Chilapathikara heroine, was erected on the

Tamil beach.

39. Named the Tamil year sequence Thiruvalluvar year

40. Although Chitrai is celebrated as the Tamil New Year, priority was
given to Taithira

41. Madras province became Tamil Nadu due to Anna's efforts. Madras
became Chennai due to the efforts of the artist

21
42. Manonmaniyam B. Sundaram Pillai's song was declared as Tamil Thai
Rahit and sung in all kinds of public programs since 1970s.

43. Artist who arranged flag hoisting by Chief Ministers on days like
Republic Day and Independence Day without Governors.

44. It was Karunanidhi who gave 20% reservation in government jobs to

Tamil educated people.

Commonality

45. It was Karunanidhi who announced that all castes can become priests.

46. Increased tuition fees for Backward Classes and Adi Dravidians. More
hostels were opened for them.

47. 31 per cent reservation for backward classes and 18 per cent reservation
for scheduled classes.

48. Samatthupurams were created all over Tamil Nadu so that all
communities could live together

49. Gave 3.5% reservation to Muslim community

50. He included Urdu speaking Muslims in the backward list.

51. Free houses were built for Adi Dravidian people

52. Intermarriage was largely encouraged. The DMK government has

honoured those who get into mixed marriages by giving incentives

Schemes introduced in education sector

53. Abolition of existing entrance examination for engineering degree.

54. Students were given free bus passes.

22
55. No matter who came to power AIADMK or DMK never stopped the
central food scheme brought by Kamaraj. During his regime in 2006, he
issued a special order to give students two eggs a week in central meals.

56. Government Medical Colleges along with Government Hospitals were

established in every district.

57. Increased number of arts and science colleges in Tamil Nadu.

58. Manonmaniam University was started in Nella, Periyar University in

Salem, MGR Medical University in Chennai was built.

Other schemes introduced by Karunanidhi

59. Land Sale Definitions Act

60. Abolition of tax on idle land

61. Okkenakkal joint drinking water scheme for the people of Dharmapuri
and Krishnagiri districts was introduced

62. The Anna Centenary Memorial Library, the largest library in Southeast
Asia, was founded by artist Karunanidhi

63. Rehabilitation centers for beggars and lepers were brought under his
rule

64. Brought up a scheme for the rehabilitation of the disabled

65. Arrangements were made to sell a kg of rice at ration shops at Rs 2 and

later at Rs 1.

66. Medical insurance scheme or artist insurance scheme introduced.

67. Free eye camps were conducted to people and then free eye glasses
were provided

23
68. A separate welfare board was set up for the third sexes known as
Aravanis, who were renamed transgender converts.

69. The DMK leadership also set up a welfare committee for folk artists

70. Soldiers who took part in language struggle were given pension

71. Announced increased pension for freedom struggle martyrs

72. Free Veshti sarees were given to poor people only from his rule.

73. More four-lane roads were developed to provide smooth transport

facilities to the people.

74. The artist not only nationalized the transport department but also
created the department for it.

75. Direct paddy procurement centres set up.

76. Local Government and Cooperative Elections implemented.

77. A law college was established in the name of Ambedkar in Tamil Nadu
in India

78. Urdu Academy established for Muslims.

79. Karunanidhi did a special job by giving grants for further studies to the
top three runners-up at the district and state level in the examinations.

80. About 23 flyovers were constructed to control traffic in Chennai.

81. Pension schemes were introduced for contract employees and transport
department employees.

82. Inter-district river water connectivity made possible.

83. He declared Kamaraj's birthday as Education Development Day

84. 420 municipalities were formed

24
85. Ramanathapuram brought up Paramakkudy Joint Water Project was

86. Evening and Holiday Courts constituted.

87. High Court Branch established at Madurai.

88. Rajarajan's thousandth anniversary was celebrated with much criticism.

89. 12 Government Universities were created under his rule.

90. There has been no hike in bus fares, milk prices, and electricity bills

91. Gave free colour televisions

92. Karunanidhi always makes new announcements to get food items from
ration shops at affordable prices.

93. Tamil has been made compulsory till class 10

94. Karunanidhi, who is the owner of self-respect, has created a self-

respecting Tamil Nadu for the Tamils.

Fig 3.1 Karunanidhi

25
 CHAPTER-4

FREE ELECTRICITY CONNECTION TO TAMILNADU

FARMERS

Kalaignar, the first person in India to provide free electricity

to agriculture.

Free electricity connection to 60,000 farmers. The DMK government

gives priority to farmers, and will take many more special measures for
them by Kalaignar Karunanithi.

Interacting with the farmers here through videoconference, he said

that with one lakh free agriculture power connections given in the State
during 2021-22, the total number of people engaged in farming had
increased to 22.80 lakh and the area under agriculture had gone up by
2,13,107 acres.

26
 The Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation
(TANGEDCO) had allocated ₹803 crore to implement the programme,
which was launched on September 23 last.

The Chief Minister pointed out that farmers were paying charges for
electricity consumption till 1990. It was former Chief Minister Karunanidhi
who, on November 19, 1990, announced free power for farmers. There
were just 12.09 lakh agriculture connections then. As many as 2,09,910
connections were given between 2006 and 2011 (when the DMK was in
power). During 2010-2011 alone, 77,158 connections were given.
However, between 2011 and 2021, just 2,21,579 connections were given.
As on March 31 last year 4,52,777 applications were pending.

Fig 4.1 Free electricity to agriculture

The State government decided to give one lakh connections. Despite

the pandemic and the northeast monsoon, new connections were given and
the one-lakh target was achieved by March 29.

27
 V. Senthil Balaji, Minister for Electricity, Prohibition and Excise,
said Mr. Stalin assumed office when the State faced financial challenges.
However, he announced the scheme to provide free power connections to
farmers and allocated funds. The State government would also provide 181
crore a year towards subsidy for this one lakh connections.

Considering the fact that there has been significant increase in the
power requirement of the State and that it is likely to increase further in
future, this Government is implementing projects for installing additional
power generation capacity in our state. Works for establishing power
stations of 600 MW capacity at Mettur and 1200 MW capacity in North
Chennai are under progress. Works for establishing 1600 MW capacity
power station at Udangudi in Thoothukudi district in joint venture with
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) will commence soon. In the coming
financial year, the power generation capacity of Tamil Nadu will increase to
11,533 MW on commissioning of Koodankulam Atomic Power Plant and
expansion project of Neyveli Lignite Corporation.

As per section 65 of the Electricity Act 2003, the State Governments

may grant any subsidy, to any consumer or class of consumers including
farmers, in the tariff determined by the State Commission. Accordingly,
some states provide subsidy to farmers which may be to the extent of part
or full tariff as determined by the State Commission. As per the
information given by the States to Central Electricity Authority, the details
of States which are providing free electricity to farmers are given at
Annexure-I. (c) & (d): As per information received from state is the
number of farmers benefitted in the State.

28
 Fig 4.2 Total 60,000 new connections to farmers

Participating in a debate on the budget, DMK member V. Ganesan

said it was during his party leader M Karunanidhi’s tenure as chief minister
that free power for farmers was first introduced in the country.

Finance Minister D Jayakumar intervened to claim that the scheme

to provide free power to farmers was first launched during the tenure of late
Chief Minister M G Ramachandran. DMK members vociferously
challenged his contention, but the minister stood his ground.

Jayakumar asserted that the issue had been debated already in the
Assembly and he also had copies of the Government Order issued at that
point in time. A few DMK members again joined issue, triggering a verbal
tiff.

Terming free power connections to farmers as “a very big

achievement” in a short span of time, Tamil Nadu chief minister MK Stalin
said this unique feat far surpassed the performance of the decade-long rule
of the AIADMK. The Tamil Nadu government has set a record by

29
providing 100,000 free power connections to farmers in less than a year’s
time and ensured the participation of equal number of farmers in enhancing
the state’s prospects on the farm front, Chief Minister M.K. Stalin said on
Saturday. “It was our leader Muthamizh Aringar Kalaingar who created the
Scheme of free electricity for formers for the first time in India in 1989”.

Terming this as “a very big achievement” in a short span of time, he

said this unique feat far surpassed the performance of the decade-long rule
of the AIADMK. “This has been possible due to the efforts of electricity
minister V Senthil Balaji, the officials and staff of TANGEDCO (state-
owned power utility) and farmers,” the chief minister said in video
conference interaction with them from here.

Hindustan Times - your fastest source for breaking news! Read now.

“Many were doubtful on whether one lakh free power connections

could be provided to farmers in a year’s time, when the electricity minister
V Senthil Balaji proposed to achieve the target. Even I was sceptical. But
the minister has proved that he is capable of achieving the target,” the CM
said.

After announcing to provide 100,000 new connections to farmers, he

had launched the initiative on September 23 last year and gave sanction
orders to 10 farmers on the occasion. The government had achieved the
target hardly within a year’s time.

“The move will not only benefit one lakh farmer families but also
spur the state’s agrarian growth. When viewed in this aspect, the
achievement is immeasurable,” Stalin said. Till 1990, the farmers paid for

30
the power they had consumed. And there were 12,09,543 connections then.
Former Chief Minister M Karunanidhi announced to provide free power
connections to farmers to enhance agricultural productivity and improve
farmers’ well-being, he said. During 2001 to 2006, the then government
provided about 1,62,479 connections. But between 2006 and 2011 the then
DMK government gave 2,09,910 connections and in 2010 - 11 fiscal alone,
77,158 connections were given to farmers, the Chief Minister said.

But during its 10 years rule, the AIADMK regime had ensured only
221,579 connections from 2011 - 21. “That is, on an average only 22,100
connections were provided per year. No new connections were provided to
those who had applied,” Stalin claimed. As on March 31, 2021, a total of
4,52,777 applications were received from farmers and following this, he
had assured in September last year to take expeditious steps to provide one
lakh connections in 2021 - 22 fiscal and accordingly launched the scheme.
“Launching a scheme is not an achievement but ensuring the benefits fully
reach the beneficiaries is real achievement. The connections were provided
by March without any let up despite the pandemic and north east monsoon-
imposed hardships,” he said. As a result, the number of farmers availing the
free power connections increased to 22.80 lakhs from 21.80 lakhs and with
this the extent of acreage under cultivation increased to 2,13,107 acres, he
said.

31
 CHAPTER-5

WELFARE SCHEME DURING HIS PERIOD 2006-2011

Government schemes are programmes launched by the government

to improve the standard of living of all citizens. Government schemes are
typically categorised into two main types, i.e. central sector and centrally
sponsored schemes. From the nomenclature, you can deduce that central
government schemes are fully funded and implemented by the central
government. These target the development of the country and are not
limited to any one state. In centrally-sponsored schemes, the state bears a
percentage of the scheme's cost, and the state government implements the
particulars of the offering.

5.1 OBJECTIVES OF SCHEMES

The main objective of state or the centre in implementing these

schemes is the welfare of Indian citizens. However, the aim of a specific
32
scheme differs based on the governing body. Since centrally-sponsored
schemes are generally put into effect by the respective state, the objectives
will align with the state's 5-year plan. Similarly, with central schemes, the
nation's goals are addressed, and they may give rise to multiple sub-v
schemes based on the scope.

To know the true objective of any given scheme, you'll have to

conduct your own research by visiting official government portals. The
mission statement should give you a clear picture of what the scheme hopes
to achieve.

5.2 LIST OF SCHEMES

1. Tamil Nadu Auto Rickshaws and Taxi Drivers Social Security and
Welfare Scheme, 2006.

2. Tamil Nadu Washermen Social Security and Welfare Scheme, 2006.

3. Tamil Nadu Hair Dressers Social Security and Welfare Scheme, 2006.

4. Tamil Nadu Tailoring Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme,

2006.

5. Tamil Nadu Palm Tree Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme,
2006.

6. Tamil Nadu Handicraft Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme,

2006.

7. Tamil Nadu Handloom Weavers Comprehensive and Welfare Scheme,

2006.

33
8. Tamil Nadu Footwear and Leather Goods Manufactory and Tannery
Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme 2006.

9. Tamil Nadu Artists Social Security and pension Scheme, 2006. 10. Tamil
Nadu Goldsmiths Social Security and Welfare Scheme, 2006.

11. Tamil Nadu Pottery Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme,
2006.

12. Tamil Nadu Domestic Workers Social Security and Welfare Scheme,
2007.

13. Tamil Nadu in Ration given 1 rupee for 1 kg rice welfare scheme 2008.

14. In 2008 implement ambulance service for the emergency.

15. 15. In 2008 Kalaignar Kappitu thittam.

16. Tamil Nadu Powerloom Weaving Worker's Social Security and Welfare
Scheme, 2010.

17. Tamil Nadu Street Vending and Shops and Establishments Worker's
Welfare Scheme, 2010.

About Scheme

1. In 2008 1 rupee for 1 kg rice.

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi launched the one rupee a

kilo of rice scheme for ration card holders. At present, it costs two rupees a
kilo.

As per the new scheme, 20 kilos of rice will be provided at a price of

one rupee a kilo. Citizens of India aged 40-80 can take advantage of this
opportunity.

Second income opportunity for Indians.

34
 The scheme was announced on the occasion of the 100th birth
anniversary of Annadurai, former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister. Annadurai
was a follower of E.V.R. Periyar, the founder of the Dravida Kazhagam,
and was at the forefront of the rationalist movement.

Fig 5.1 1 rupees to 1 kg rice

2. Kalaignar Kappitu Thittam in 2009

Chief Minister Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme launched

on 23.07.2009 as kalaingar Kaappittu Thittam. Now the scheme from
January 2022 to 2027 is implemented through.

United India Insurance Company. The Scheme provides quality

health care to the eligible person through and empanelled government and
private hospitals and to reduce the financial hardship to the enrolled
families and move towards universal health coverage by effectively linking
with public health system.

Around 1.37 Crore family covered under CMCHIS (January 2022).

Totally 1090 procedures, 8 follow up procedures and 52 diagnostic

35
procedures are covered under CMCHIS in 800 Government 900 Private
empanelled hospitals.

BENEFITS

The scheme seeks to provide cashless hospitalization specific

ailments/procedures the scheme provides coverage up to Rs.5,00,000/- per
family, per year on a floater basis for the ailments and procedures covered
under the scheme.

Fig 5.2 Kalaignar Kappitu Thittam

3. In 2008 Emergency Ambulance Service Scheme.

Subsequently, the Project signed a MoU to provide emergency

services for the State, fully funded by Government of Tamil Nadu. All the
ambulances procured were handed over to EMRI so that they could modify
according to the specifications.

On September 15, 2008, the programme was launched in Tamil Nadu.

24x7 Service

The 108 Emergency Ambulance Service is a 24x7 service, which

anyone can avail by dialling the number 108 on their phone during the case
of any emergency. It could be either a medical emergency, a fire

36
emergency, or a crime being committed. The number 108 is a toll-free
number and can be dialled from any phone, be it a mobile phone or a
landline, at the time of an emergency, without any prefix or suffix. Help
reaches the person within 20 minutes.

Fig 5.3 108 service.

4.Tamil Nadu Artists Social Security and pension Scheme,

2006.

The Artistes Pension Scheme and Welfare Fund is an initiative of the

Ministry of Culture to support artists, writers who have contributed
significantly in their fields.

Eligibility

 To be eligible for assistance under the Scheme, a person's

contribution to art and letters, etc must be of significance. Traditional
scholars who have made significant contribution in their fields would
also be eligible notwithstanding the absence of any published works.

37
  Personal income of the applicant (including income of the spouse)
must not exceed Rs. 4000/- per month.
 The applicant should not be less than 60 years of age (This does not
apply in the case of dependents).
 The applicant artiste is getting pension of at least Rs.500/- per month
from the concerned State Government/UT Administration or are
recommended by the Zonal Cultural Centres, Ministry of Culture, for
the artists of their members State where State Pension is not there.
 The applicant artistes should not be getting financial assistance under
other Scheme of the Ministry viz. Repertory Grant etc.

Fig 5.4 Artist welcome scheme

5. Tamil Nadu Power loom Weaving Worker's Social Security

and Welfare Scheme, 2010.

The greater proportionate in the requirement of fabric for the

garment sector for both domestic and international markets had set the
demand of the power loom sector. The Government statistics report that the
power loom sector covered 62% of the total fabric production. The
Government has focused its attention on the power loom sector with the
implementation of multi-pronged Schemes and interventions. To address
and overcome the drawbacks faced by the power loom weavers in their
socio-economic status, to enrich the technology standards of the power
loom weavers, the Integrated Schemes are established. The Government of
38
India initiated the beneficial process with the Integrated Scheme for Power
loom Sector Development under the XII Five Year Plan, citing its rising
demand and economic value.

Objectives of the Scheme

 To upgrade the Power loom Sector with modern methods.

 To provide efficient support and service to the power loom industry
weavers through Power loom Service Centres (PCs) by providing the
latest technological machines and equipment.
 To assist and encourage the power loom weavers or industry in
marketing their products by conducting exhibitions.
 To dilute the involvement of the brokers and middlemen between the
Organizations.
 To provide infrastructure support for marketing and promotions for
both in domestic and international markets.
 To provide assistance in establishing Common Facility Centres
(CFCs) and Yarn Bank in Clusters for direct marketing.
 To encourage the powerloom industry to meet global challenges and
competition independently.
 To provide start-up capital for powerloom weavers on account of
Tex- Venture Capital Funds.

39
 Fig 5.5 Power loom weaving

6. Tamil Nadu Handloom Weavers Comprehensive and

Welfare Scheme, 2006.

The Handloom weaver’s comprehensive welfare Scheme (HWCWS)

is implemented by the Office of the Development Commissioner for
handlooms to help the weavers to avail social security benefits. Let us have
a detailed look at this scheme.

Salient Features

 Weavers in the age group of 18 to 50 will be covered under PMJJBY

and PMSBY
 Weavers in the age group of 51to 59 who enrolled into MGBBY will
be covered under Converged MGBBY.
 Scholarship will be paid to the maximum of two children of the
weavers. The children should study between 9th and 12th standard.
The amount of scholarship is Rs.100 per month per child and will be
paid through the National Scholarship Portal (NSP)

40
 Fig 5.6 Handloom Weavers Comprehensive

7. Tamil Nadu Auto Rickshaws and Taxi Drivers Social

Security and Welfare Scheme, 2006.

1) This Scheme may be called the 3 [Tamil Nadu Unorganised Drivers

Social Security and Welfare Scheme 2006]

2) It extends to the whole of the State of Tamil Nadu.

3) It shall apply to all manual workers engaged in employment of Driving

Auto Rickshaws, Taxi, Van, Tempo, Lorries and Buses other than those
owned by the Government Departments.

4) It shall come into force on the IST September 2006.

Definitions. In this Scheme, unless the context otherwise requires: -

(a) Act means the Tamil Nadu Manual Workers (Regulation of

Employment/and Conditions of Work) Act, 1982 (Tamil Nadu Act 33 of

1982).

(b) Board means the [Tamil Nadu Unorganised Drivers Welfare Board
established under section 6 of the Act.

41
Secretary of the Board

(1) The Chief Executive Officer of the Board shall be the Secretary to the
Board.

(2) The Secretary shall, with the approval of the Chairman of the Board,
issue notices to convene meetings of the Board and keep the record of
minutes and shall take necessary steps for carrying out the decisions of the
Board.

Fig 5.7 Auto Rickshaws and Taxi Drivers

8. Tamil Nadu Domestic Workers Social Security and Welfare

Scheme, 2007.

The issue of exploitation of women and children’s domestic workers

is frequent and regularly reported. With no rights and rules to fall back on,
most of the domestic helps have become contemporary slaves. It is also a
known fact that many women and children are trafficked and exploited by
the placement agencies, which operate openly without any form of
restrictions and regulations.

42
 That only a Comprehensive Central Legislation specifically designed
to meet the working condition of the domestic workers including
registration, who are an important segment of service sector of Indian
economy and who have a Multiplier impact on the economy by enabling
the women in particular to work by sharing the family burden, can ensure
the end of the exploitation of these domestic workers. That in the public
interest that the domestic workers, employing, as it does, a very large
number of women and whose conditions of work and living need
amelioration and to whom regularity of employment must be assured,
Placement agencies must be regulated so that the Directive Principles of the
Constitution more particularly the relevant provisions Article 39, 41, 42,
43, and 43-A of the Constitution are given effect to by a law made by
Parliament with reference to entries 22, 23 and 24 of List III in the 7th
Schedule in the Constitution.

Definitions- in this Act unless the Context otherwise requires

(a) "Appropriate Government" means the concerned State Government or

the Union Territory administration.

(b) "Beneficiaries" means every domestic worker registered as a

beneficiary under this Act

(c) "Child "means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age.

(d) "Central Advisory Committee means an advisory Committee

constituted by the central Government under section 4 of the act.

(e) "District Board" means the District Board for domestic workers
established under Section 8 of the act

(f) "Domestic Worker" means, a person who is employed for remuneration

whether in cash or kind, in any house hold 'or similar Establishments'

43
through any agency or directly, either on a temporary or contract basis or
permanent, parttime or full time to do the household or allied work and
includes a "Replacement worker" who is working as a replacement for the
main workers for a short and specific period of time as agreed with the
main worker.

EXPLANATION:

Household and allied work includes but is not limited to activities

such as cooking or a part of it, washing clothes or utensils, cleaning or
dusting of the house, driving caring/nursing of the
children/sick/old/mentally challenged or disabled persons.

Fig 5.8 Domestic worker

9. Tamil Nadu Palm Tree Workers Social Security and

Welfare Scheme, 2006.

About 30,000 Scheduled Caste artisans are engaged in Palm

Products Industry such as tapping of Neera, manufacturing of Palm
Jaggery, Palm Fibre and Date Palm Baskets.

44
  Palm seeds plantation programme has been formulated under Waste
Land Development Programme of the Agriculture Department.
 Neera and Palm Jaggery are being consumed as natural vitamin food.
Awareness has been created among the public about the nutritious
value of these edible palm products.
 Further steps will be taken in the matters of providing training to
artisans and the technical know-how of the research made on
preservation of Palmyrah Nungu to palmgur artisans and also in
exporting Palmyrah Nungu, Palm Fibre and Palm Leaf articles to
foreign countries.

Palmyrah is declared as the "State Tree" of Tamil Nadu. Palmyrah tree

prevents soil erosion and protects natural wealth. The palm products are
free from pollution environment and eco-friendly. Hence, programmes have
been formulated with a long-term view to grow and protect Palmyrah trees,
to create awareness among the public, to develop and fully utilise Palm
Products Industry for the improvement of standard of living of the rural
Palm Products artisans.

45
 Fig 5.9 Palm tree workers

10. Tamil Nadu Handicraft Workers Social Security and

Welfare Scheme, 2006.

Handicrafts are known for their aesthetics, associated traditional

values, uniqueness, quality and craftsmanship. The traditional knowledge
and craft practices are commonly passed down from one generation to
another through natural learning. However, with the advent of new tools &
technology, the process of craft learning has changed dramatically.
Standardized production processes, skilled manpower, design database for
handicraft products, quick & efficient prototyping, communication skills
and other soft skills have become indispensable requirements for the ever-
changing handicraft sector. The sub- scheme "Skill Development in
Handicraft Sector" has been conceptualized to fulfil these requirements and
has the following four components:

(1) Design and Technology Development Workshop

(2) Guru Shishya Hastshilp Prashikshan Program

46
(3) Comprehensive Skill Upgradation Program

(4) Improved Toolkit Distribution Program

Design and Technology Development Workshop (DDW)

This component is focused on fulfilling the current design needs of

the market and aims to develop new designs/prototypes as per present
requirements of the handicraft sector using existing skills of artisans.

Guru Shishya Hastshilp Prashikshan Program (GSHPP)

The scheme objective is to transfer the traditional craft knowledge

from the master craftsperson (Guru) to the new generation artisan (Shishya)
in order to bridge skill gap & fulfil market demand. This shall be achieved
through imparting technical and soft skill training and shall create a trained
workforce in the Handicrafts sector.

Comprehensive Skill Upgradation Program (CSUP)

The scheme objective is to supplement the efforts of the industry for

bridging skill gap, reviving the age-old practice of traditional crafts in
Handicraft sector and providing a demand driven & self-employment-
oriented training based on National Skills Qualifications Framework
(NSQF). The objective shall be achieved through formal certificate training
courses with the help of established institutions at their premises. The
program aims at comprehensive development in skill up gradation, design
innovation and soft skills of artisans.

47
 Fig 5.10 Handicrafts workers

CONCLUSION

Karunanidhi became a good example of all the politicians. Every

politician follows his policy to improve the Tamil Nadu's government and
people.

In this document developed about only his scheme and project for
Tamil Nadu. In this real life he did so much to people for his growth. He is
a good welfare of Tamil Nadu and Tamil people.

48
 Now the days Tamil language is reached worldwide he is big part of
in development. He develops the rural and urban area in this ruling period.
He mostly important to improve the lower caste people development and
women development schemes are introduce in this ruling period.

Karunanidhi awakened the marginalized people of the society

through his writings. He made people feel the need for such social changes
by impressing historical events on people’s mind through his drams. For
the duration of eighty years of writing he created an un precedented
development in Tamil Nadu.

He also developed the education field and industry for degree

holders and primary education people. In this period people feels golden
period of Tamil Nadu.

Every people like his slogan of Karunanidhi that is

"என் உயிரினும் மேலான அன்பு

உடன்பிறப்புகளே !!!"

&&

"தமிழர்களே !!! தமிழர்களே !!!

என்னை கடலில் தூக்கி போட்டாலும்

கட்டு மரமாய் மிதப்பேன்

அதில் ஏறி நீங்கள் பயணம் செய்யலாம்

49
 கவிழ்த்து விட மாட்டேன்"

- மு.கருணாநிதி

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/kalaignar-

karunanidhi-modern-tns-sculptor/articleshow/108060482.cms

 https://dipr.tn.gov.in/ords/r/dipr/info-prdept103/about_page

 https://irjt.iorpress.org/index.php/irjt/article/view/51

 https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/articles-detail/muthuvel-

karunanidhiThe Hindu newspaper (16 May 2006)

 https://cms.tn.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/tamil_3.pdf

50
 https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/how-

karunanidhi-funded-his-scheme-to-stamp-out-hand-rickshaws-in-tn/

article67826871.ece

 R.Mohan,(2006), Kalaignar Tamil, Mani vasahar publishers,

Chennai.

 Kalaignar Mu Karunanithi, (2003), Tholkappiya Poonga, Tamilkani

Publishers, Chennai.

 Kalaignar Mu Karunanithi, (1985), Kuraloviyam, Bharathi

Publishers, 126-108, Usman Road, T. Nagar, Chennai-17.

51