MPPT Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic and
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for a Hybrid
Solar/Wind Power Generation System
Hayat Elaissaoui
Laboratory of Embedded Electronic Systems and
Renewable Energies
ENSAO, Mohammed First University
Oujda, Morocco
hayatel89@gmail.com
Abdelghani El Ougli
Laboratory of Embedded Electronic Systems and
Renewable Energies
ENSAO, Mohammed First University
Oujda, Morocco
a.elougli@yahoo.fr
Abstract — In this paper we have studied a hybrid system
that combines two photovoltaic and wind energy system. For
the purpose of improving the performance of this system, we
have proposed a new Maximum Power point tracking MPPT.
The proposed algorithm is based on fuzzy logic (FL) and ANN
artificial neural network. For the photovoltaic system (PV),
ANN is used to estimate the maximum output voltage of the
photovoltaic generator (PVG) under different environmental
conditions (Temperature and Solar irradiance). The fuzzy logic
is used to control the DC-DC boost converter. For the wind
turbine system (WT), the ANN is employed to estimate the
maximum output voltage for different wind speed values and
the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is used to control the DC-DC
boost converter. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed
MPPT, the simulation is done under MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords— Photovoltaic Generator (PVG), Wind Turbine
(WT), MPPT, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
(PMSG), Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC), Artificial Neural
Network (ANN), DC-DC boost converter.
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy consumption has increased very rapidly in all
world regions, since the turn of the century. The energy
consumption is likely to continue to rise, driven by rising per
capita electricity consumption on the one hand, and
economic growth on the other. This is why renewable
energies appear to be the appropriate solutions to cover this
energy demand while reducing the principal disadvantage
emitted by fissile and fossil fuels: the greenhouse effect.
They have become an indispensable form of energy due
to their flexibility, ease of use and the many fields of activity
in which they are called upon to play a role. These modes of
production and the associated means of distribution are set to
undergo profound changes over the coming decades.
Available in quantities exceeding humanity's current energy
needs, renewable energy resources also represent an
opportunity for people living in remote areas to access
electricity. These benefits favor the development of
renewable energies. [1]
978-1-7281-8084-7/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
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Mohammed Zerouali
Laboratory of Embedded Electronic Systems and
Renewable Energies
ENSAO, Mohammed First University
Oujda, Morocco
zerouali1438@gmail.com
Belkassem Tidhaf
Laboratory of Embedded Electronic Systems and
Renewable Energies
ENSAO, Mohammed First University
Oujda, Morocco
tidhaf@yahoo.com
To improve the performance of a renewable energy
system, it is indispensable to extract the maximum power
produced, for this purpose many Maximum Power Point
Tracking techniques (MPPT) have been developed like Hill
Climbing, Incremental Conductance(IC) and Perturb and
Observe P&O. There are also non classical techniques which
are based on different principles like artificial neural
network, fuzzy logic control and sliding mode. These
techniques ensure more stability and robustness [2]. Each
technique has advantages and disadvantages.[3]
In this work architecture of a hybrid system is presented,
which combines a wind energy conversion system,
associated to a synchronous permanent magnet generator
(PMSG) and a photovoltaic generator (PVG). To increase the
performance of the hybrid model we are developing a new
MPPT system based on Fuzzy Logic (FL) and ANN neural
networks, to increase the energy productivity of both
subsystems.
II. DESCRIPTION AND MODELING OF THE PROPOSED
MODEL
Figure 1 shows the developed hybrid model which
contains two subsystems WT and PV. The PV system is
consisting of a PV generator, DC-DC boost converter with
MPPT control. The WT sub-system includes a wind turbine
associated to a permanent magnet synchronous generator
(PMSG), a rectifier and a DC-DC converter with MPPT
control. Both subsystems are in connection with an AC load
through a DC bus and an inverter.
 • n is the ideality factor of diode (n=1.62).
• k is the constant of Boltzmann (k=1.381e-23).
• q is the electron charge (q=1.602e-19) and T is the
module temperature in Kelvin.
• is the reverse saturation current:



(5)

• is the current of reverse saturation for Tref=298K:

Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed hybrid model.

A. Modeling Of A PV System
(6)
Photovoltaic cells are presented by an electrical circuit as
shown in Figure 2. [2]

• is the voltage for open circuit per cell, is

the thermal potential for .
Table 1 shows the characteristics of the TE500CR PVG
module considered in our study. [4]

TABLE I. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TE500CR MODULE.

Characteristics Values
Fig. 2. The equivalent electrical circuit of a photovoltaic cell.
Rated Power [PMPP] 65 [Wp]
are respectively the series resistor and the shunt Rated Voltage [VMPP] 18 [V]
resistor. [4]
Rated Current [IMPP] 3.6 [A]
and are diode current, shunt leakage current where Open Circuit Voltage [VOC] 22.3 [V]
and are the voltage and the current of the cell.
Short Circuit Current [ICC] 3.9 [A]
The current produced by PV module (of Ns cells) is
Number of cells 36
related to the voltage at its terminals by the following
equation:
Fig.3 (a) and Fig.3 (b) represent the (P-V) characteristics
(1) of the TE500CR module for different temperature and
irradiation values.
• is photon generated current:
(2)

• S is the irradiance (W/m2).

• is the short current:

(3)

• is the short circuit current per cell

• a is the coefficient of temperature of and is
Fig. 3. (a) P (V) characteristic with fixed temperature at 25°C and variable
the reference temperature in Kelvin ( =298K). irradiation, (b) P (V) characteristic with a fixed irradiation of 1000W/m2
and a variable temperature.

• is the thermal potential: B. Modeling Of A WT

The characteristics of the turbine generator are presented
as follows:
= (4)

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TABLE II. TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEM PARAMETERS. III. POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS

Parameters Values A. Proposed MPPT Approach For Photovoltaic System

To obtain the maximum power generated by the PV
Rated Power 1000W
generator, the MPPT approach proposed in this paper is
Rated Voltage 90 V based on two algorithms: ANN and FL, as shown in Fig.5.
Rated Current 4.8A

Number of poles 8

Synchronous resistance 1.13

Synchronous inductance 1mH

Friction coefficient 0.006N.m.s/rad

Moment of inertia 0.005N.m

Fig. 5. Block diagram Proposed MPPT for the photovoltaic system.
Blade length 1.2m
The ANN is employed to estimate the PV generator
Air density 1.2 kg/ m3
maximum voltage, in different environmental conditions, the
Magnetic flux 0.16Wb FLC is employed to control the DC-DC boost converter, and
it estimates the duty cycle D.
a. MPPT Based On ANN
The mechanical power of a wind turbine can be presented
as follows: [5] An artificial neural network is an information technology
system based on the functioning of the human brain,
artificial neurons are schematized as shown in Fig.6.

(7)
is the output mechanical power of the turbine (w), 
is the air density (kg/ m3), is the wind speed (m/s), A is
the turbine swept area (m2), Cp (, ) is the performance
coefficient of the turbine,  is the angular velocity of turbine
(rad/s), R is the turbine radio (m),  is the blade pitch angle
(deg),and  is the tip speed ratio.
Fig. 6. General representation of a artificial neuron.

(8) • Xi: input links (i = l ...n).

The power coefficient depends on  and . The • Wi: The weight for input i.
performance coefficient is presented as follows:
• h (u), g (A): are respectively the Input and output
function.
• f (E): Activation function.
(9)
• Y: output links.
In our case the irradiation (S) and the temperature (T)
(10) present the inputs of the ANN, and the VMPP is the output
Fig.4. presents the characteristics of the WT for different as shown in Fig.7.
wind speed values under Matlab Simulink.

Fig. 4. (a) Power coefficient Cp(,), (b) The power curves under different
wind speeds (=0). Fig. 7. Vmpp prediction using an artificial neuron network

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b. Fuzzy Logic Control
As shown in the Fig.8, the logical fuzzy structure is
organized into three sub-blocks: Fuzzification, inference and
Defuzzification. [6]

Rules base

Fig. 10. Block diagram developed MPPT for the WTsystem.

E Defuzzificat-
Fuzzificat- Inference
D ion ion The ANN give the maximum voltage of the Wind
E Turbine, under different wind speeds, and the FLC give the
Fig. 8. Structure of a fuzzy controller. value of D based on delta P and delta V.

In our photovoltaic subsystem, the fuzzy logic controller
is employed for control, it estimates the value of the duty
cycle D on the basis of the values of the error (E) and the
variation of this error (DE). Fig.9. (a), Fig.9 (b) and Fig.9 (c),
give respectively the membership functions of E, DE and D.
a. MPPT Based On ANN
The principle of artificial neural networks is described in
section 3.1.1 as shown in Fig.6.
In our simulation, for the wind turbine subsystem, at each
value of wind speed (Ws), ANN aims to predict the value of
Vout based on the learning of a database that stores (Vout)
related to each value of wind speed (Ws).

Fig. 9. Membership functions of (a) E- (b) DE- (c) D.

The error and error variation equations are defined as

follows: Fig. 11. Vout prediction using ANN

X1(1) Represent the wind speed value as input, Y1( 2)

(11) represent the output (optimal voltage)
b. FLC For Wind Turbine
(12) The process of FLC for the WT subsystem is shown in
Fig.12.
The fuzzy logic rules are presented in the table 3:

TABLE III. INFERENCE RULES FOR THE FUZZY LOGIC PV.

E
NB NS ZE PS PB
DE
NB ZE ZE PB PB PB

NS ZE ZE PS PS PS

ZE PS ZE ZE ZE NS

PS NS NS NS ZE ZE Fig. 12. Structure of a fuzzy controller.

PB NS NB NB ZE ZE
Based on deltaP and deltaV the FLC gives the value of
duty cycle D as shown in Fig.12.
B. Proposed MPPT algorithm For WT DeltaP and DeltaV are presented by the equations that
To extract the maximum power generated by the WT, the follow:
MPPT approach proposed in this paper is based on two
algorithms: ANN and FL, as illustrated in Fig.10. DeltaP (k) =P(k)-P(k -1) (13)

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 DeltaV (k) =V(k)-V(k -1) (14)

The membership functions of DeltaP, DeltaV and D are

illustrated respectively in Fig.13. (a), Fig.13. (b) and Fig.13.
(c).

Fig. 13. Membership functions of (a) DeltaP, (b) DeltaV, (c) D.

The table 4 gives the inference rules for the different Fig. 15. ANN and Fuzzy Logic -based MPPT algorithm implementation on
combinations between DeltaP, DeltaV variables with output Simulink forWT subsystem
D.
Simulation results are presented in this section as
TABLE IV. INFERENCE RULES FOR THE FUZZY LOGIC WT. follows. Fig.16 (a), Fig.16 (b) show respectively the output
power of the photovoltaic subsystem, the duty cycle under a
Delta V
temperature that changes between 15°C, 35°C, and 15°C at a
NB NM NP Z PP PM PG fixed solar irradiation S=1000W/m². Fig.17 (a), Fig.17 (b)
Delta P show respectively the output power of the PV subsystem,
NG NG NG NG NM NM NP Z the duty cycle under solar irradiation that changes between
NM NG NG NM NM NP Z PP
1200W/m², 600W/m², and 1200W/m², at a fixed temperature
T=25°C.
NP NG NM NM NP Z PP PM
Z NM Z NP Z PP PM PM
PP NM NP Z PP PM PM PG
PM NP Z PP PM PM PG PG
PG Z PP PM PM PG PG PG

IV. SIMULATION, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this paper, we proposed a PV/WT hybrid model that
combines two subsystems as shown in Figure 1.
The first PV subsystem contains a PV generator and a Fig. 16. (a) The output power of the PV subsystem, (b) the duty cycle under
boost converter. The WT subsystem contains wind energy varying temperature at solar irradiation S=1000W/m².
conversion system, based on a synchronous permanent
magnet generator, a rectifier, a boost converter. To extract
the maximum power, we proposed a new approach based on
two techniques: artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic.
The MPPT algorithms are simulated using Matlab/Simulink
as shown in Figure 14, 15.

Fig. 17. (a) The output power of the PV subsystem, (b) the duty cycle under
a varying solar irradiation at temperature T=25°C.

From these results, we can see that the system has been
Fig. 14. ANN and Fuzzy Logic-based MPPT algorithm implementation on able to track and reach the MPP under different
Simulink for PV subsystem environmental conditions (temperature and solar irradiation).

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 Fig.18. (a), Fig.18 (b), show respectively the output
mechanical power of the WT subsystem, the power
coefficient, under wind speed that changes between 8.5m/s,
8.4m/s, and 9.1m/s.
Fig. 18. (a) The output power, (b) power coefficient under a varying wind
speed.
From these results, we can see that the system has been
able to track and reach its MPP (Cp=0.48) under different
values of wind speed.
Fig.19 (a), Fig.19 (b) show respectively the load voltage,
the current load.
Fig. 19. (a) The voltage load, (b) the current load.
V. CONCULSION
In this paper, we have proposed a new Maximum Power
point tracking approach for a PV/WT hybrid system, in order
to improve the efficiency of wind and photovoltaic
subsystems by tracking their MPP, through the control of the
boost converters.
The proposed method is based on neural networks and
fuzzy logic. The power delivered by the PV system depends
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on the irradiation and temperature, the power produced by
the WT system depends on the wind speed. The proposed
MPPT approach is tested under different environmental
conditions using MATLAB /SIMULINK.
REFERENCES
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[3] O. Zebraoui, M. Bouzi,” Improved MPPT controls for a standalone
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[4] S. Assahout, H. Elaissaoui, A. El Ougli, B. Tidhaf and H. Zrouri,” A
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[5] M. Zerouali, M. Boutouba , S. Assahout, A. El Ougli and B. Tidhaf, ”
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