APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the research paper prepared by Group No. 3 entitled “Design of Shredding
Machine with Cross-cutting Square Teeth” and that the said paper has been submitted for project proposal examination by the Oral Examination
Committee.

Shienna Mae M. Rañola Engr. Nicanor L. Serrano

Group Leader Adviser

As members of the Oral Examination Committee, we certify that we have examined this project report, presented before the committee on October
2017, and hereby recommend that it be accepted as partial fulfillment research project requirement for the course in Machine Design 2.

Engr. Benjamin G. Tiglao Engr. Nicanor L. Serrano

Panel Member Committee Chair

_________________ ____________________
Engr. Alan B. Padilla
Panel Member Panel Member Panel Member

_________________ ____________________

Panel Member Panel Member Panel Member

This research report is hereby approved and accepted by the School of Mechanical Engineering as fulfillment of the project requirement for the
course in Machine Design 2.

Engr. Alan B. Padilla

Instructor
 Technological Institute of the Philippines
College of Engineering and Architecture

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

ME 408 – MACHINE DESIGN 2

S.Y. 2017 - 2018

DESIGN OF SHREDDING MACHINE WITH CROSS-CUTTING SQUARE TEETH

Submitted by:
Brodeth, Denzel M.
Peña, John Nichol R.
Rañola, Shienna Mae M.
Rebusa, Leanjay J.
Yap, Wilhelm Chesterson Y.

Submitted to:
Engr. Nicanor Serrano
 List of Tables

Table 2-1: Machine Specification

Table 2-2: Performance specification
Table 2-1-1: Selection of Material for the Shaft Roller
Table 2-1-2: Selection of Material of Power Transmission
Table 2-1-3: Selection of Material for the Frame
Table 2-1-4: Selection of Material for the Hood
Table 3-1: Summary of Data/Results
Table 4-1: Pairwise Comparison
Table 4-2: Professional Ethics as a Student’s Outcome (SO) Rubrics
Table 5-1: Equipment and Specification
Table 5-2: Bills of Materials
Table 6-1: Prototype Timeline
Table 6-2: Problem Occurred During Testing of the Machine
 List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Three-dimensional View of the Shredding Machine

 Table of Contents
Title Pagei
Table of Contentsii
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND1
1.1 Discussion1
1.1.1 The use of shredders in recycling1
1.1.2 Waste Shredding Machine1
1.1.3 Solid Waste and Municipal Solid Waste1
1.2 Literature Review2
1.2.1 Waste Shredding2
1.2.2 Shredder2
1.3 The Project2
1.4 Project Objectives2
1.5 The Client2
1.6 Project Scope and Limitations3
1.7 Statement of the Problem3
1.8 Project Development3
1.8.1 Engineering Design Process3
1.8.2 Design Project Flow Chart4
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUT4
Table 2-1 Machine Specification5
Table 2-2 Performance Specification6
2.1 Selection of Material6
Table 2-1-1 Selection of Material for the Roller Shaft6
 Table 2-1-2 Selection of Material for Power Transmission6
Table 2-1-3 Selection of Material for the Frame7
Table 2-1-4 Selection of Material for the Hood7
CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESIGN8
Table 3-1 Summary of Data/Results12
3.1 Material Recommendation12
CHAPTER 4: CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS AND STANDARDS13
4.1 Design Constraints13
Table 4-1 Pairwise Comparison13
4.2 Trade-Offs13
4.3 Design Standards14
4.4 Professional Ethics14
Table 4-2 Professional Ethics as a Student’s Outcome (SO) Rubrics14
CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN15
5.1 Project Summary15
5.2 Conclusion15
5.3 Recommendations15
5.4 Test Results15
5.5 List of Equipment and Bills of Materials15
Table 5-1 Equipment Specification15
Table 5-2 Bills of Materials16
REFERENCES17
APPENDICES18
APPENDIX A: Prototype Timeline18
Table 6-1 Prototype Timeline18
APPENDIX B: Prototype Problem Occured20
 Table 6-2 Problem occurred during testing of the machine20
APPENDIX C: Manual20

CHAPTER 1

PROJECT BACKGROUND

A significant problem in an increasing population is the tremendous amount of waste generated, posing problems to garbage management for both
consumers and waste collection companies, and furthermore, to the environment. Landfills, for many years, have been one of the conventional
methods used in waste separation and management which is, however, expensive as the volume of garbage increases, therefore, the introduction of
waste shredder. The shredders are useful machines for the volume reduction of bulky waste such as reams of paper, paper materials, bumpers,
tires, refrigerators and the shredding of different materials such as scrap iron, aluminum, copper, plastic as well as municipal solid waste and
industrial waste.

The study of waste shredder machine that will minimize the space needed for wastes, specifically plastic wastes, to allow easy storage and
transportation of waste. The project as whole compliments the purpose of fabricating a device as an application of the fundamentals in machine
elements and design, and more importantly, contribute in providing solutions in the environmental implications of waste mismanagement.

1.1 Discussion
1.1.1 The use of shredders in recycling
In today’s economic environment, communities and businesses are always looking for new ways of cutting costs and use of shredders provides new
strategic options. There are two main purposes of shredding materials in a recycling process. Firstly, by reducing the volume of material through
reduction, transportation and storage costs may be decreased. Secondly, automated shredders, particularly in e-waste recycling, also liberate
materials for recycling. Such equipment is offered by several vendors. Many options are available, depending upon the specific application.

1.1.2 Waste Shredding Machine

The shredders are useful machines for the volume reduction of bulky waste such as reams of paper, paper materials, bumpers, tires, refrigerators
and the shredding of different materials such as scrap iron, aluminum, copper, plastic as well as municipal solid waste and industrial waste.
The application of shredders is essential for eco-centers, landfills, wrecking and all the organizations that work in the field of waste management and
recycling.

1.1.3 Solid Waste and Municipal Solid Waste

Solid waste shredding and municipal solid waste (MSW) size reduction requires processing of many different materials, from filled drums to
household waste. And, as the amount of solid waste increases and the cost of landfill management increases, it is becoming more critical that waste
management become more effective, economic and efficient. Shredded and compacted waste is easier and cheaper to transport and extends the life
of the landfill. In addition, separating out materials that can be reclaimed and recycled or that need to be incinerated or composted increases the
landfill productivity while providing revenue to offset the costs of processing the solid waste.

1.2 Literature Review

1.2.1 Waste Shredding
Waste shredding machine, reducing it in size so that they may be stored at a certain location, such as a landfill, providing more space and extending
the lifespan of the area. Also for easy recycling. The process is beneficial for both the consumers as well as waste collecting organizations since
disposed trash are placed in standard-volume containers, hence, the process allowing more waste to fit. The utilization of waste shredder may also
help in cost reduction in which most landfills charge fees according to the volume of the waste collected. (S.P. Industries, 2012)

1.2.2 Shredder
A shredder is a machine or equipment used for shredding. Shredding systems are used to reduce the size of a given material. While most online
dictionaries define the shredder as “a device used for shredding documents as a security measure to prevent identity theft," shredders can be of
many types based on the material being processed. There are shredders designed to support material reduction across a range of recycling
applications, including plastic recycling, e-waste recycling, scrap metal, tire recycling, and wood recycling.
The shredding process produces raw material to be re-introduced into manufacturing, as well as finished products such as landscape mulch. Various
terminology is used to describe size reduction equipment, including grinders, chippers, granulators and hammer mills. Overall, their main function is
to reduce the size of a given material. (Rick LeBlanc, 2016)

1.3 The Project

The proposed study aims to provide alternative solutions to recycling and waste management by providing a device that will serve as a convenience
as well as an improvement in the industry in which volume of trash, specifically plastic waste, be as shredded as possible to facilitate more waste in
materials recovery and waste management facilities.
1.4 Project Objectives
The general objective of the study is to design an alternative for the conventional shredder blade for the system by designing a new roller shaft,
whilst minimizing the volume of waste/trash for ease of storage and transport.
● Design a mechanical device applying fundamental principles in machine design.

● Fabricate a working prototype by applying concepts in machine design.

● Promote proper waste management within the institution.

1.5 The Client

The study centers on the development of a waste shredding machine, specifically that is semi-compact, and easy to assemble while creating a
significance to the environment; across the industry that may utilize such apparatus; and the engineering field. Furthermore, the accomplished
design serves as an example of the application of shafts in shredding machines and its operation to the Mechanical Engineering students.

1.6 Project Scope and Limitations

The study aims on designing a machine that would support the operation needed to allow proper shredding of waste/trash. Materials that were
chosen are 4140 Tools steel, Angle bar, Belt, and Galvanized steel. These were the materials the proponents think is the most ideal in designing the
prototype. Other materials that were put in to consideration were B.I. Pipe Scheduled 80, Mild steel, Gear, Sprocket, Flat bar, I-Beam, Checkered
plate and Aluminum plate. Choosing the proper materials and what material not to use went through constraints that will be discussed in the later
chapter. The types of plastic that is only allowed for the operation of the machine was also put into consideration was based on material composition
i.e., density, hardness, etc. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) and PS (Polystyrene) are some of the plastics
suitable for the operation of the machine.

1.7 Statement of the Problem

Waste can be regarded as a human concept as there appears to be no such thing as waste in nature. Proper disposal has always been a problem
since the start of the industrial revolution. Harming the environment by non-biodegradable and poisonous materials. In response to this problem, the
proponents designed a machine that can help people to easily compact the materials and minimize waste for storage and can be later used for
recycling.

1.8 Project Development

The project development of the designer will be using engineering design process to be more organize in conducting the study.

1.8.1 Engineering Design Process

The engineering design process that will be used in the study of the designer is based on the process discuss by the adviser as a guideline for
project development.
Problem identification
Forming ideas
Feasibility study
Design inputs (Conceptual design)
Project design (Preliminary design)
Final design
Build and test
Redesign inputs if conceptual design is not satisfied. If approved, proceed to next step.
Re-engineering
Delivery of product

1.8.2 Design Project Flow Chart

The design process flow chart shown below that will be used in the project design conducted by the proponents.
The project background contains the project objectives, the client, project scope and limitations and project development. The design inputs are
composed of 3D drawings drawn with the use of SolidWorks. The constraints, trade-offs and standards are discussed in one of the chapter. Design
constraints trade-offs are included. The main product design is discussed in the last chapter.

CHAPTER 2
DESIGN INPUT

In this chapter, the proponents will address the factors and constraints in designing the Shredding Machine Composing of Cross-cutting Square
Teeth which includes function and operation, materials and mechanisms, safety and performance requirements. Therefore, the study seeks to
design an alternative for the conventional shredder blade for the system, wherein the group will refer to existing waste shredding devices and
systems in the literature review. The materials that are subject to the machine’s operation are mainly recyclable materials that are usually non-
biodegradable, such as plastic bottles and aluminum cans, and are not combustible, toxic or poisonous which may hinder its performance. The
appropriate materials will be selected in the fabrication of the system design according to their physical properties, design constraints and tradeoffs
in which the selected material(s) must possess adequate strength and toughness to withstand varying loads.

Fig. 2-1 Three-dimensional view of the shredding

machine without the gears, pulley motor and hood.

Table 2-1 Machine Specification

 Equipment name Specification
AC motor 1.492 kW
Bearing Ball bearing
Shafting 4140 tool steel
Angle bar Mild steel
Belt A53
Circuit breaker 20 amperes

Table 2-2 Performance Specification

Equipment name Specification
Main shaft 636 RPM
Running time 2 minutes

2.1 Selection of Material

The selection of materials carefully made by the proponents to obtain a good design. Setting some parameters will lead to a good, if not, a great
design. The selection of material for power transmission. The selection of material is based on the constraints that is used in considering the design.
Each constraint is rated on a scale of 1 to 5 with each rating is defined. The table of decision matrix for constraints and trade-offs that is use below is
based on the “Concept of Evaluation” Chapter 8 of The Mechanical Design Process by David G. Ullman third edition.

The design criteria or design consideration used in the tables are based on the consideration constraints of the design. The decision criteria for determi

Below show the corresponding criteria on a scale of 0 to 5 (5 - Great, 4 - Better, 3 - Good, 2 – Little, 1- Less and 0 - None).

The selection of shafting is between three different materials as given below:

Table 2-1-1 Selection of material for the roller shaft

Alternatives and/or satisfactory constraints
Criterion’s importance
Decision criteria (-5 to 5)
(0 to 5)
4140 Tool Steel B.I. Pipe Scheduled 80 Mild Steel
Economic 5 5 5 5
Sustainability 4 4 4 4
Environmental 5 4 3 3
Overall Rank 103 96 96
The selection of material for power transmission is between three different materials as given below:

Table 2-1-2 Selection of material for power transmission

Alternatives
Criterion’s importance
Decision criteria (-5 to 5)
(0 to 5)
Gear Sprocket Belts
Economic 5 3 3 4
Sustainability 4 4 4 4
Environmental 4 4 4 4
Overall Rank 95 95 96

The selection of material for frame of the design is between three different materials as given below:

Table 2-1-3 Selection of material for the frame

Alternatives
Criterion’s importance
Decision criteria (-5 to 5)
(0 to 5)
Angle Bar Flat Bar I-Beam
Economic 4 4 4 2
Sustainability 4 4 3 4
Environmental 4 3 3 3
Overall Rank 96 95 95

The selection of material for cover/hood of the machine the will be used as protection is between three different materials as given below:

Table 2-1-4 Selection of material for the hood

Alternatives
Criterion’s importance
Decision criteria (-5 to 5)
(0 to 5)
Galvanized Steel Aluminum Plate Checkered Plate
Economic 5 5 3 3
Sustainability 5 4 4 4
Environmental 5 5 5 5
Overall Rank 97 96 96
 CHAPTER 3
PROJECT DESIGN

In pursuing to manufacture the shredding machine, the proponents were involved in thorough computation in the parts of the machine. The
constraints given was considered in the design to achieve the objectives of the project. Proper materials are used in computation for the actual
machine. The data that are used is based on the input design.

Solving for the speed in pulley on the shaft using ratio and proportion.
Speed is indirectly proportional to diameter.

Where:
N1 = Speed of motor
D1 = Diameter of pulley on motor
N2 = Speed of shaft
D2 = Diameter of pulley on shaft
 N1 D2
=
N 2 D1

1750 279.4 mm
=
N 2 101.6 mm

N 2=636.3636 RPM

Using the formula for power in machine design related to shafting. Below shows the formula of power. Use the computed power and the rated RPM
of the motor to compute the torque that will be carried by the shaft motor. Power is 2Hp = 1.492 KW and the speed of N1 = 1750 rpm.

2 πTN
P=
60

2 π ( T )(1750)
1.492 KW =
60

T =0.0081414574 KN −m
T =8141.457432 N−mm

The computation for the torque in the shaft roller using the cycle of 636.3636 RPM and power of 1.492 KW

2 πTn
P=
60

2 π ( T )(636.3636)
1.492 KW =
60
T =0.02238901 KN −m
T =22389.00922 N−mm
The computation of the force in roller shaft using the formula below and the torque of the shaft roller and the diameter of 125.4 mm.

T
F=
d

22389.00922 N −mm
F=
125.4 mm
 F=178.5407 N

The computation of stress in roller shaft using the formula below where the computed force in shaft is 178.5407 N and the diameter of 125.4 mm.

F
S=
A

178.5407 N
S=
π
(125.4 mm)2
4

S=0.01445613 Mpa
S=14.456137 KPa

The computation for the shaft roller:

Where:
d = Shaft diameter
T = Shaft torque
L = Key length
h = Key height

Computation for the force using the formula below:

T
F=
d
2

22389.00922 N −mm
F=
40.4 mm
2

F=1108.366793 N
Computation for the shaft in the motor:

Where:
T = Torque of the shaft motor
d = Diameter of shaft
w = Width of the key
L = Length of the key

The calculation for force using the formula below:

T
F=
d

8141.457432 N −mm
F=
38.1 mm

F=213.6865468 N

The computation for the stress in key motor using the formula below:

F
S=
wL

213.6865468 N
S=
10 mm(50 mm)

S=0.42737309 Mpa
S=427.37309 KPa

The calculation for the stress in the shaft of the motor using the formula below:

F
S=
A
 213.6865468 N
S=
π
(38.1 mm)2
4

S=0.1874293 Mpa
S=187.4292417 KPa

The computation for the force in motor shaft:

Where:
d = Shaft diameter
T = Shaft torque
L = Key length
h = Key height

Computation for the force using the formula below:

T
F=
d
2

8141.457432 N −mm
F=
38.1 mm
2

F=427.3730935 N

The computation for the stress in key of the motor:

 F
S=
wL

427.3730935 N
S=
10 mm (50 mm)

S=0.054746 Mpa
S=854.746187 KPa

The computation for the stress in the shaft of the motor:

F
S=
A

427.370935 N
S=
π
(38.1 mm)2
4

S=0.37485659 Mpa
S=374.85659 KPa

Table 3-1 Summary of Data/Results

Component Torque Force Stress
Roller shaft 22389.0922 N-mm 178.5407 N 14.456137 KPa
Motor shaft 8141.457472 N-mm 213.6865468 N 187.4292417 KPa
Key 8141.457931 N-mm 27.3730935 N 854.746187 KPa

3.2 Material Recommendation

Based on the tabulated data shown above, coincidently, the toque, force and the stress of the tested materials were found to be the appropriate
choice for the machine. Matching the constraints given on the material in the previous chapter. The 4140 tool steel, galvanized steel, angle bar and
belt are the right choice of materials for the project.
 CHAPTER 4
CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS AND STANDARDS
The chapter focuses on the constraints and trade-offs used in the design consideration in compliance with the codes, standards, rules and
regulations as stated in the Philippine Mechanical Code (PMC) 2012 edition, formerly known as the PSME Code which was derived from the ASME
Code.

4.1 Design Constraints

The project projects took all types of constraints into consideration in the design process and has arranged them according to its importance.
- Sustainability. The proponents developed the product with limited available resources to meet the current needs of the clients, that is the
community in general.
- Environmental. The ultimate purpose of the project is to help and maintain the environment by practice of recycling and reusing waste so
that it may not serve as detriment to the environment as well as to society.
- Economic constraints. The parts and materials involved in the project are easy to acquire in which most were recovered and reused for the
purpose of the project, hence, lowering the costs of material acquisition of the group. The pricing of the product can compete in the
marketplace and can prove reliable in the target market in which the cost of ownership for both manufacturer and consumer is favorable.

Table 4-1 Pairwise Comparison

Constraints A B C Result
Sustainability A - AB A 2X 50%
Environmental B - - C 1X 25%
Economic C - - - 1X 25%
4X 100%

4X = 100
X = 25

For the pair wise comparison, the tabulated data show that allows proponents to pick which is the most important than the others. The 3 most
important constraints for the proponents are Health and Safety, Environmental and Societal that based on the percentage from the gathered
votes/data. The proponents considered the Health and Safety of the client/user of the project while also considering the environmental was given the
most importance by the proponents. The society will ask about the project if the used materials is safe or not.

4.2 Trade-Offs
Since the proponents are only developing a prototype, they have only chosen three out of five constraints for its development which is sustainability,
environmental and economic. Based on the results of the Pairwise Comparison, were the gathered data is collected by having the proponents vote
for the constraints which they think is of the utmost importance. The proponents came to a conclusion of valuing sustainability the most while
environmental and economical having the same level of importance.
4.3 Design Standards
The project design conforms to the standards of the Code wherein will be broken down and discussed further into the chapter. Chapter 3, Article 1 of
the PMC enumerates the general requirements in a such projects:
302.0 Approval
302.1 How Obtained. Each equipment or appliance shall comply with applicable internationally and nationally recognized standards as evidenced by
the listing and label of an approved agency 303.0 Installation
303.1 Listed Appliances. The installation of listed equipment or appliances regulated by this code shall conform to the conditions of its listing. The
equipment of appliance installer shall leave the manufacturers installation and operating instructions attached to the appliance. Clearances of listed
appliances from combustible materials shall be specified in the listing or on the rating plate.

From Chapter 29 Standards

2903.0 Materials Inherently Hazardous to Life and Property. Material of inherently Low Hazard. All materials that are not hazardous by nature, and
are near enough to ambient pressure and temperature that people working on systems carrying these materials run little risk through their release.

4.4 Professional Ethics

The student outcomes shown below are based on the course guidelines set for the evaluation of the designers.

Table 4-2 Professional Ethics as a Student’s Outcome (SO) Rubrics

Student Outcomes Assessment Tools
SO1 Rubric for engineering projects
SO2 Rubric for Design and Solution Development under Constraints and Standards
SO3 Rubric for Modern Tool Usage
SO4 Rubric for Environment and Sustainability
SO5 Rubric for Professional Ethics
 Chapter 5
Final Design

This chapter presents the summary of the study, the conclusions drawn and findings of the study are discussed and interpreted, and
recommendations made as an outgrowth of the design.

5.1 Project Summary

The overriding purpose of this study was to design a motor operated machine that can easily compact materials to spend less time and space in
storing and transporting waste specifically plastic materials and aluminum cans. This design was made possible with the help of constraints and
trade-offs and some simple computation of the designer. The designer could come up with a good and working design that will somehow meet the
standard required by the client. Also, the designer was able to meet the objectives set on the project brain writing discussion. The materials sizes
and specification that is use for the project are commercially available in the market. It is also an advantage

5.2 Conclusion
The proponents were able to design and fabricate a mechanical device applying fundamental principles and concepts in machine elements and
design. Following the set of guidelines given allowed the proponents in creating a working prototype that would help in minimizing waste volume for
ease of disposal, transfer and storage. The introduction of the prototype raised awareness of proper waste management and disposal in the
institution.

5.3 Recommendations
While conducting this project, the proponents have developed several recommendations to make this project improve. By observing how the project
works, there are a lot of new ideas that can make the machine more useful. Changing its teeth to shred the material into more advanced design will
help to upgrade also the material that can be shred in the machine. Thus, the proponents recommend that selecting the best kinds of metals to
make a new and improve design of this project for the industries. However, this design is intended only for medium scale and small-scale shredding.
The materials should only be used that the teeth of the shaft can handle.

5.4 Test Results

The product of the shredding machine having square teeth was different from a roller blade. Inconsistences were seen as materials were being
tested. There were irregularities in dimension as from the first up to the last trials. Also, some materials that came out did not become completely
shred. Furthermore, the number of materials that were shredded is higher than those that were not. More tests will be conducted to address the
design flaw of the machine.
5.5 List of Equipment and Bills of Materials
Below show the final sets of main equipment that is used in the design and will be used in production of the prototype, there are also auxiliary
materials to fully complete the prototype as discuss bellow.

Table 5-1 Equipment and Specification

Equipment Name Specification
AC Motor 1.4914 KW
Belt Flat AA43
Bearings Mild steel plate
Keys 50 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm
Angle bar Mild steel
Shafting Round tool steel bar
Gears 4340 (58 teeth)
Square bar Tool steel

Costing of materials are shown below with quantity and specification; some materials have no cost because they are recycled materials.

Table 5-2 Bills of Materials

Materials Quantity Price (Php)
Angle bar 2 (6 m) ₱1200.00
Fabricated gear 2 N/A
G.I. hheet 1 (sched 20) ₱870.00
Bels 3 ₱600.00
Washer 24 ₱24.00
Bolts and nuts 24 N/A
Paint 1 qrt ₱165.00
Kerosene 2 liters ₱100.00
 Pulley 2 N/A
AC motor 1 N/A
Square Bar 1 (6 m) N/A
Keys 2 N/A
Royal cord and plug 2m ₱235.00
Bearing 4 N/A
Brush 1 ₱45.00
Welding rod 3 Kgs N/A
Cutting disk 2 ₱100.00
Grinding stone 1 N/A
Total ₱3,239.00

REFERENCES

ASME Code. (n.d.).

Bekcer, J. e. (2017, May 15). Can Crush: An Automated Waste Compacting System for Public Areas. Retrieved from ieexplore.ieee.org

Bolton, N. (2016, Febuary 19). Mechanics of Waste Compaction. Retrieved from foresternetwork.com

Chourasia, S. B. (n.d.). Can Crusher Machine. Davangere: GM Institute of Technology.

Duffy, D. (2016, September 28). Landfill Waste Compaction Strategies - Tools and Techniques. Retrieved from foresternetwork.com

Jeremy. (2014, November). Can Crusher Types. Retrieved from dorecycling.com

Jeremy. (2014, October). What is Can Crusher? Retrieved from dorecycling.com

PSME Code. (n.d.).

Ullman, D. G. (n.d.). The Mechanical Design Process (Third Edition ed.).

 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
Prototype Timeline

Table 6-1 Prototype timeline

August 28, 2017

The proponents measured each material needed to build the framing of the machine.

September 16, 2017

The proponents started to build the main frame of the machine using angle bars and joined its joint by welding according to sketches from brain
writing.

October 7, 2017

The Proponents assembled all the parts including the shafts, gears and pulleys of the machine together with the AC motor.

October 8, 2017
 Designer started to build the hood and do the mounting on material. After assembling all the parts of the machine, the designer started to operate
the machine for testing.

APPENDIX B
Prototype problem occurred

The prototype problem occurred during testing below shows in tabulated form the problem occurred.

Table 6-2 Problem occurred during testing of the machine

October 8,2017
 Whilst testing the motor, the designer notice that the speed of the shaft is too fast for the ideal speed designed for the machine to operate
properly, so the designer need to change the pulley of the machine and its belt to achieve the desired rpm of the shaft.

APPENDIX C
Manual

1. The Manual of the Machine is using to guide the client of the Design in using the Machine to have a safe operation of the Machine.
2. Check the parts of the machine before operating.
3. Put a container to get all the shredded pieces of the materials.
4. Plug in the power outlet.
5. Turn on the switch button.
6. When the machine starts operating, put the materials that needs to be shred into the shredding machine.
7. After using the machine, immediately turn off the switch.
8. Make sure to unplug the power outlet after switching off.
9. Clean the machine after use.
 ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT ASSESSMENT TOOL
Design Project Title: Design of Shredding
Machine with cross-
cutting square teeth
Group Members: Brodeth, Denzel M. Course Code: ME408
Ranola, Shienna Mae M. Course Title: Machine Design 2
Yap, Wilhelm Chesterson Y. Sem./School Year: 1st Sem 2017-2018
Pena, John Nichol R.
Rebusa, Leanjay J.

SOs Addressed by the
Course
Identify, formulate, and solve
complex engineering problems
(student outcome b)
Performance Indicators
Identify an engineering
problem and/or satisfy a need
Formulate engineering
solutions to a given problem
Scale
Scor
Unsatisfactory Satisfactory Exemplary
e
1 2 3
The engineering problem The engineering problem The engineering problem
and/or need is unidentified and/or need is identified and/or need is clearly and
specifically identified
The engineering solution to The engineering solution to The engineering solution to
a given problem and/or a given problem and/or a given problem and/or

Solve complex engineering
problems by designing
systems, components, or
processes to meet
specifications within realistic
constraints such as economic,
environmental, cultural, social,
societal, political, ethical,
health and safety,
manufacturability, and
sustainability in accordance
with standards (student
outcome c)
SOs Addressed by the
Course
Use the techniques, skills, and
modern engineering tools
necessary for engineering
practice in complex
engineering activities (student
outcome e)
Apply principles of ethics and
and/or need
Solve the engineering problem
and/or satisfy the need
Apply appropriate constraints
in the design process
Apply appropriate standards
and codes in the design
process
Use trade-offs to determine
final design choice
Performance Indicators
Identify appropriate techniques,
skills, and modern engineering
tools necessary in the design
process
Use appropriate techniques,
skills, and modern engineering
tools in the design process
Demonstrate ethics by submitting
need is not formulated
The engineering problem
and/or need is unsolved
Less than three constraints
are applied in the design
process
Appropriate standards and
codes are not applied in
the design process
Less than three options
were used in the trade-offs
to determine the final
design choice
Unsatisfactory
1 2
Techniques, skills, and
modern engineering tools
are not clearly identified in
the design process
Techniques, skills, and
modern engineering tools
are not appropriately used
in the design process
Design project submitted or
need is partly formulated need is correctly and
completely formulated
The engineering problem The engineering problem
and/or need is solved by and/or need is innovatively
adopting existing solved by adopting new
technologies, systems, technologies, systems,
components, or processes components, or processes
and methods and methods
Three constraints are More than three
applied in the design appropriate constraints are
process applied in the design
process
Appropriate local Appropriate local and
standards and codes are international standards and
applied in the design codes are applied in the
process design process
Three options were used in More than three options
the trade-offs to determine were used in the trade-offs
the final design choice to determine the final
design choice
Scale
Scor
Satisfactory Exemplary
e
3
Techniques, skills, and Techniques, skills, and
modern engineering tools modern engineering tools
are well identified in the are appropriately identified
design process in the design process
Techniques, skills, and Appropriate techniques,
modern engineering tools skills, and modern
are appropriately used in engineering tools are
the design process accurately used in the
design process
Design project submitted or Design project submitted or
commit to professional ethics
and responsibilities (student
outcome h)
Communicate effectively on
complex engineering activities
with various communities
including engineering experts
and society at large using
appropriate levels of discourse
(student outcome j)
Evaluated by:
______________________________________
Signature over Printed Name
or presenting a design project that
cites references
Demonstrate professionalism by
submitting or presenting the
design projects on schedule as
planned
Deliver effective oral
presentations
Write a design project report
that illustrates effective writing
in English
presented does not cite presented partly cited presented completely cited
references references based on Turnitin references based on Turnitin
results results
Design project is not Design project is submitted or Design project is submitted or
submitted or presented on presented on schedule as presented ahead of schedule
schedule as planned planned as planned
Use the mean score from the rubric for oral presentation of design projects
Use the mean score from the rubric for design project report
Total Score
Percentage Rating= ( Total36Score ) x 100
Date: _________________________________
 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR ORAL PRESENTATION OF DESIGN PROJECTS

Design Project
Title: Design of Shredding Machine with cross-cutting square teeth
Group Members: Brodeth, Denzel M. Course Code: ME408
Ranola, Shienna Course Title: M
Mae M.
Yap, Wilhelm Sem./School Year: 1st
Chesterson Y.
Pena, John Nichol R. Instructor: En
Rebusa, Leanjay J.

Intended Learning Outcome: Ability to deliver effective oral presentationin English.

UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY EXEMPLARY

CRITERIA
1 2
Delivery Presenter mumbles,
mispronounces terms, and
makes serious and
persistent grammatical
errors throughout
presentation. Presenter
speaks too softly to be
heard by many in the
audience.
Visual Aid There is no visual aid
used during the oral
presentation
Organization There is no logical
sequence of
data/information
Content The presentation covers
irrelevant data/information
Total Score
Mean Score=
SCORE
3
Presenter speaks Presenter speaks
clearly and loud clearly and loud enough
enough to be heard by for all in the audience to
most of the audience; hear; makes no
makes relatively few grammatical errors, and
grammatical errors, pronounces all terms
and pronounces most correctly and precisely.
terms correctly.
There is visual aid but Visual aid enhances
does not enhance the presentation
presentation
Presenter follows Presenter follows
logical sequence but logical sequence and
fails to elaborate. provides explanations /
elaboration.
The presentation lacks The presentation
relevant covers complete and
data/information relevant
data/information
TOTAL SCORE
4

Rating= ( Total12Score ) x 100

Evaluated by:
 ______________________________________ Date: _________________________________
Signature over Printed Name

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Design Project
Title: Design of Shredding Machine with cross-cutting square teeth
Group Members: Brodeth, Denzel M. Course Code: ME408
Ranola, Shienna Course Title: M
Mae M.
Yap, Wilhelm Sem./School Year: 1st
Chesterson Y.
Pena, John Nichol R. Instructor: En
Rebusa, Leanjay J.

Intended Learning Outcome: Ability to write a design project report that illustrates effective writing in English.

UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY EXEMPLARY

CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3
Content (Substance) The report presents The report lacks The report presents
irrelevant relevant complete and relevant
data/information data/information data/information
Format The report does not The report follows some The report fully
follow the prescribed of the prescribed format complies with the
format prescribed format
Coherence (Logical flow of The report does not Some parts of the The whole report
discussion) present a logical flow of report present a logical presents a logical flow
discussion flow of discussion of discussion
Grammar, Spelling, Writing There are many There are occasional The report is free of
Mechanics (punctuation, grammatical and spelling errors and violations errors and violations
italics, capitalization, etc.) errors, and writing
mechanic violations
TOTAL SCORE
Total Score
Mean Score=
4

Rating= ( Total12Score ) x 100

Evaluated by:

______________________________________ Date: _________________________________

Signature over Printed Name