∆mixHom (J/mol) = xAl ·xY·[- 146600 - 47000·(xAl - xY)]

∆excmixGom = ∆mixHom = xAl ·xY·[- 146600 - 47000·(xAl - xY)]

The negative value for ΔmixGom confirms that the mixing reaction is exothermic

∆mix H Y (J/mol) = ∆mixHm – xAl·(d∆mixHm/dxAl)

A regular solution is defined by: The entropy of mixing is ideal.

A regular solution model with positive deviation from ideality is characterized by: Ω > 0

Predominance diagrams are important in many applications in materials science. Which parameter is
usually not plotted on the Y-axis in such diagrams? Composition

For Ellingham diagrams only one of the statements below is correct: The slopes of the lines in the
diagram are determined by the entropy change of the oxide formation reaction

because ∆mixHom is negative for all compositions in this system so the liquid mixture here shows
negative deviation from ideality.

A first order phase transition is defined by: a discontinuous change in enthalpy, entropy and/or
volume

What is fugacity, The effective pressure

Is chemical potential an extensive or an intensive state variable?

Intensive
In a P-T phase diagram the boundary lines are given by

ΔtrsS/ΔtrsV

Which thermodynamic variable do you use when you want to calculate the energy you are producing
in a fireplace by the reaction C+O2=2CO2 at a fixed temperature? ΔH°reaction = 2ΔH°CO2 – (ΔH°C + ΔH°O2)

A critical point in a single-component phase diagram corresponds to: The T and p limit for coexistence
between liquid and gas

What is the difference between total H and ΔH (in the DIA module in HSC) at a given temperature for
e.g. FeO

ΔH is the enthalpy of formation at a given temperature, and H is the enthalpy of formation at 298K
plus latent heat up to given temperature

An ideal solution is defined by:

A negative deviation from ideality is consistent with:

The excess molar Gibbs energy of mixing of a binary system A-B is defined as:

. A regular solution is defined by: The entropy of mixing is ideal

A regular solution with positive deviation from ideality is characterized by:

. For Ellingham diagrams one of the following statements is correct: the oxides that are lower in the
diagram are the hardest to reduce

AlCl3 (g) + 3/2 Mg (g) = Al (l) + 3/2 MgCl2 (l)

We do not have any data for ΔHoreaction, but we can calculate ΔGoreaction.

ΔGoreaction = 3/2 ·ΔGoMgCl2 - ΔGoAlCl3 = 3/2· (- 104.2) - (-121.2) = -35.1 kJ/mol Al

ΔHoreaction = ΔGoreaction + T·ΔSoreaction

The negative value for ΔSoreaction (because there are 2.5 gaseous species on the left-hand side and none
on the right-hand side of the equation), will mean that ΔHoreaction is significantly more negative than
ΔGoreaction

ΔGoreaction = - RT· ln K

K = exp(-ΔGoreaction/RT) if k>1 the reaction

A simple eutectic system with no solid solubility can be described by a model assuming:

ideal liquid solution and that the activity of each of the two solids is equal to 1

What do we call the symbol ∆mixGm? Integral molar Gibbs energy of mixing

Component A follows Raoult’s law. This corresponds to: γ R = 1

A congruently melting intermediate solid compound: melts under the formation of a liquid with the
same composition

Immiscibility (demixing) in a regular solution is consistent with: Ω > 0

∆excmixGo m = ∆mixHo m = xPb∙ xTl ∙[Ω + 313∙(xPb - xTl)]

ΔmixGo m = ΔmixHo m - T·ΔmixSo m = ΔmixHo m + RT·[xPb ·lnxPb + xTl ·lnxTl]

When the standard molar excess Gibbs energy is equal to the standard molar enthalpy of mixing, it is
hinted that the activity coefficient can be related to the partial enthalpy of mixing

The slopes of the lines are ( dG

dT )
P
=−S

Critical temperature – the temperature where the density of the liquid and gas is equal

Above this temperature a supercritical fluid exists.

At equilibrium between two phases in a one component system, the change in the pressure per
degree Kelvin is given by the ratio between the difference in entropy between the two phases and the
difference in volume between the two phases.

dp Δ S Δ H Δ Hp
= = =
dT Δ V T V g R T 2

dp Δ S Δ H Δ Hp
= = =
dT Δ V T V g R T 2

dlnp Δ H
=
dT RT
2

In an ideal solution ΔmixexcG=0

In a regular solution: ΔmixexcG=Ω·XCu·XPb
exc
∆ mix G A=RTln γ B
exc 2
∆ mix G A=Ω x B
exc
∆ mix H=Δ mix G=Ω∙ X Cu ∙ X Pb
For real solutions: 𝑎𝑖 = 𝛾𝑖𝑋

∆mixHm = ∆exc mixGm

( dH
dT )
=−C
P
p

A stoichiometric phase is a phase that contain exactly the amount of compounds given by the
formula, it means that it has no solid solution from one of the compounds. As an example SiC will
have 50 at.% Si and 50 at% C. In a phase diagram a stoichiometric phase will be shown as a thin line
(that is no solid solution).

If the chemical potential of the elements is not the same in all phases, there are two mechanism:

1: A chemical reaction will take place

2: Diffusion of elements from one phase to another will take place.

If the temperature is not the same in all phases, heat conduction will occur (and
possible convection and radiation)
If the pressure is not the same in all phases, a flow will occur if liquids or gases are
present.

−ΔG0 50625
K=exp( )=exp( )=25.82
RT 8.314⋅1873
exc
∆ Gmix =Ω x Mn x Fe
 2
exc Ω xB 2
∆ mix G Mn=RT ln γ Mn=RT =Ω x Fe
RT