Vidyamandir Classes

Gravitation
Level - 0 CBSE Pattern

1. Rms velocity of air molecules is less than the escape velocity from the surface of the earth.

2. At the surface of earth, because the value of ‘g’ in mine is less that on the surface of Earth.

3. It is not possible to shield a body from gravitational effects because gravitational interaction does not
depend upon the nature of the intervening medium.

4. It is not possible. This is because any place in India is not in the equatorial plane.

5. The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is one sixth on the surface of Earth. For a given kinetic
E
energy E, h = h  . g decrease and h increases. Almost the man can jump 6 times higher on
mg
moon.

6. ve  2g Re  2  9.8  6.4  106  11.2  103m / sec  11.2 km / sec

7. This is because an artificial satellite is closer to the Earth than Moon. Small variations in earth's
gravity affect the satellite more than the moon.

8. Zero. Since gravitational potential difference is zero, the work done is zero.

1 g R
9. It will increase by 3%. g  ;  2 
 2  1.5%  3% 
R2 g R

GM
10. When the diameter is doubled, the radius R of earth is also doubled, it follows from g = , weight
R2
mg becomes one-fourth of the earlier value.

11. It will gradually fall onto the earth, following a spiral path.

12. When a rocket is launched from west to east, the linear velocity of the Earth is compounded with the
launching velocity of the rocket. This is due to the fact that the Earth rotates from west to east. Also,
the linear velocity of Earth is maximum in the equatorial plane.

13. The gravitational force of attraction of the Earth on the person inside the satellite provides the
centripetal force necessary to move in an orbit. A person standing on the Moon possesses weight due
to the additional gravitational pull of the moon on the person.

14. As the acceleration due to gravity on hills is less than that on the surface of the earth (effect of
height), therefore a tennis ball bounces higher on hills than in plains.

15. (i) No. escape velocity is independent of the mass of the body.
(ii) Yes. escape velocity depends (through slightly on the location from where the body is projected
because with location g changes and so should ve  2 gR   change.
(iii) No, escape velocity is independent of the direction of projection.
(iv) Yes, escape velocity depends (through slightly) on the height of location from where the body is
projected g depends on height.

0.2 0.8 x 1
16. At a distance of 4 cm.  ;  ,  x  4m
x2 (12  x )2 12  x 2

3
3
GM 1 v1 R2 12 R 23 1 R 2
17. (i) v0   v0     2 (ii)  or  2   22  2 2
R R v2 R1 22 R13 2  R1 

Physics 104 Workbook -2 | Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

18. So far as the Sun is concerned, the Earth along with its atmosphere is in a state of weightlessness. It
would be appropriate to say that the Earth and its atmosphere is in a state of free fall. It may be
clearly noted that we experience weight due to the large mass of Earth and not due to the
gravitational pull of the sun.

19. 1.4 hour, given that weight of a body at equator is zero. It implies that acceleration due to gravity at
g 2
equator is zero. g   g  2 R  0    . Number of hours in a day 
R   60  60
2
  1.4 hour
g / R  60  60

20. (i) Earth’s attraction would be so large that you would be crushed to the earth.
(ii) We can easily jump from the top of a multi-storey building.

1 1
21. Given, k  10 13 s 2 / m 3 ; As 1s  day and 1m 
km
24  60  60 1000
1 1
 k  10 13  (day)2 km 3  1.33  10 14 (day)2 km 3
2
(24  60  60) (1/1000)3
For the moon, r = 3.84 × 105 km
  
T 2  kr 3  1.33  10 14  3.84  105  753.087 ; T  27.3 days

22. (i) According to law of conservation of angular momentum L = mvr = constant, therefore the
comet muses faster when it is close to the sun and moves slower when it is farther away from
the sun. Therefore, the speed of the comet does not remain constant.
(ii) A the linear speed varies, the angular speed also varies. Therefore, angular speed of the comet
does not remain constant
(iii) A no external torque is acting on the comet, therefore, according to law of conservation of
angular momentum, the angular momentum of the comet remain constan.
(iv) As the linear speed of the comet changes its kinetic energy also changes. Therefore, its KE does
not remain constant.
(v) Potential energy of the comet changes as its kinetic energy changes.
(vi) Only angular momentum and total energy of a comet remain constant throughout its orbit.

Gm Gm
23. E1  ; E3 
(OA )2 (OC )2
BD l /2
From Δ ODB cos 30°  
OB OB
l /2 l /2
OB   l/ 3
cos 30 3 /2
  
Gravitational field at O due m at, A B and C is say E 1, E 2 , E 3
 
E is equal and opposite to E1  Net gravitational field = zero
Gm Gm Gm
As gravitational potential is scalar V  V1  V2  V3   
OA OB OC
3GM Gm
V   3 3
l/ 3 l

24. (i) When the person is at centre of earth.

(ii) When the person is at the null points in space (at these points the gravitational forces due to
different masses cancel each other)
(iii) When a person is standing in a freely falling lift.
(iv) When a person is inside a space craft which is orbiting around the earth.

Physics 105 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

25. Suppose a planet of mass m, moves around the sun in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’ with velocity v.
mv 2 2r
Then centripetal force  ; But v 
r T
2 2 2
4 r mr 4 
F m 
2
rT T2
According to Kepler’s IIIrd law
T2  r3
mr 4 2 4 2m 4 2 m
T2  k r3  F   
k r2 3 2
kr kr
The force between planet and sun must be mutual, so must be proportional to mass of sun
4 2 4 2 GMm
M   GM  F  . This is Newton’s law of gravitation.
k k r2

g
26. (i) Acceleration due to gravity at altitude h from the earth's surface is given by g  
2
 h 
1  
 Re 

Where Re is the radius of the earth.
Therefore, acceleration due to gravity decreases with increasing altitude.
 h 
(ii) Acceleration due to gravity at depth h from the earth's surface is given by g   g 1  
 R e 

Therefore, acceleration due to gravity decreases with increasing depth.
(iii) Acceleration due to gravity is independent of the mass of the body.
1 1
(iv) The formula GMm    is more accurate than the formula mg (r2 – r1) for the difference
r 
 2 r1 
potential energy between two points r2 and r1 distance away from the centre of the earth.

27. The two spheres exert gravitational forces on the projectile in mutually opposite directions. At the
neutral point N, there two forces cancel each other. If ON = r, then
GMm G (4 M )m
 or (6 R  r )2  4r 2  6 R  r   2r or r  2R or  6 R
r2 (6 R  r )2
The neutral point r = – 6R is inadmissible.
 ON = r = 2 R
It will be sufficient to project the particle m with a minimum speed v which enables it to reach the point N.
Therefore, the particle m gets attracted by the gravitational pull of 4 M.
The total mechanical energy of m at surface of left sphere is
1 GMm 4GMm
E i = KE of m + PE due to left sphere + PE due to right sphere  mv 2  
2 R 5R
At the neutral point, speed of the particle becomes zero. The energy is purely potential.
GMm 4GMm
 E N = PE due to left sphere + PE due to right sphere   
2R 4R
By conservation of mechanical energy, Ei = E N
1 GMm 4GMm GMm 4GMm 2GM  4 1  3GM 3GM
Or mv 2     or v 2      v
2 R 5R 2R 4R R  5 2  5R 5R

Physics 106 Workbook -2 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

Level - 1 JEE Main Pattern

m1m2
1.(D) F G ; G is the universal gravitational constant
r2
1 m1m 2 m1m2
F  m 1m 2 and F   F  F G
2 2
r r r2
Hence G will be same for all pair of masses.
2.(C) Let particle A lie at the origin, particle B and C lies on y-and x-axis, respectively. Therefore
 11
  Gm m 
A B  iˆ   6.67  10 1  1 
FAC   iˆ  (1.67 109 )iˆ N
 r2   (0.2)2 
 AB   
 9

Similarly, F AB  (1.67  10 ) jN ˆ
  
The net force on particle A ; F  F AC  Fab  1.67 10 9 ( iˆ  ˆj )N
 m r 
3.(D) r2   1 
 m m 
 1 2 

4.(A) Gravitational force is

Gm1m 2 GxM (1  x )M GM 2
F   x (1  x )

r2 r2 r2
For maximum value of force, we have
dF
0
dx
d  GM 2  d 1
Therefore,  (1  x )  0  (x  x 2 )  0  1  2x  0  x 
dx  r 2  dx 2
 
5.(B) In horizontal direction, the forces
will cancel each other while in
vertically downward direction the
components of all the forces will add
up to give the resultant. Hence,
direction of force on M is vertically
downward.
Mm GMm GMm  1  5 GMm
6.(B) 1. Fon M G   1    
2 2 2 
d (2d ) d 4 4 d2

GMm GMm
2. Fon M  G  0
2
d d2

Physics 107 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

1
 2 2
 1   1  2 GMm
3. Fon M  GMm       2
 d2 
   d2   d2

GMm GMm
4. Fon M  2  2cos   2(1  cos )
2
d d2

Least to greatest : 2, 1, 3, 4
7.(A) To the left on m and right of 2m, the force on 3m due to both particles will be in same direction so net
force can’t be zero.
8.(C) Gravitational force inside a spherical shell is zero.  F1  F 2  0
For outside point the shell can be treated as a point mass M kept at the centre of the shell.
1 mM mM
F hence, F3  G , F4  G  F3  F4 Hence, F1  F2  F 4  F3
2 2
r r (2r )2

9.(D) The gravitational force due to the spherical shell is zero at its centre.

 GMs Me
10.(C) F se   F1
d2
 GMs Me
F es   F2 Hence, F1 = F2
d2
81GM GM
11.(D) 
x2 ( D  x )2
9 1 9 9
 ; D x; x D
x (D  x ) 10 10
  
12.(D) F  F1  F 2
 
As |F1| |F 2 |

 | F |  2F1 cos30
GM 2 3 3 GM 2
2 
(2r )2 2 4 r2

13.(C) Let masses of two balls are m 1  m 2  m (given) and the density be 

14.(D) Let mass of the cavity = M

Density of the sphere  M (4 / 3 R 3 )
Mass of the cavity out = M
4 R3 M M GMm GMm GMm GMm 23 GMm
   ;M   Fnet  FMin  FMin     Fnet 
3 8 4 8 4R 3
5 
2
4R 2
50 R 2 100 R2
R 3
3  R
2 

Physics 108 Workbook -2 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

15.(A) Gravitational force exerted by a spherical

shell on a mass kept inside it is zero and
vice-versa hence force exerted by m on shell
= zero
GmM e
Me Re GmM e GmM p 100 16 GmM e
16.(C) Mp  , Rp  ; We  , Wp    
100 4 Re2 R 2p  Re 
2 100 Re2
 
 4 
16 16
 Wp   We  600 N  96 N
100 100
17.(C) Acceleration due to gravity on a planet is same for all the masses. Hence, if there is no resistance for
anybody, all bodies will take same time to fall through an equal distance.

GM 1 GM 1
18.(D) g p   .   9.8  1.1
2 9 R e2 90
 3 Re 
19.(A) Acceleration due to gravity at height h.
2 2
g GM R2
 R  1  R  R 1
    g        h  2R
2
9 R (R  h ) 2  R h   
9  R h  R h 3
 
20.(A) At an altitude h, the acceleration due to gravity is
 2h   2h   2h  99  2h 
g '  g 1   or mg '  mg 1   ; i.e., w '  w 1  , w  w 1  
 R   R   R  100  R 
      
i.e., h  0.005 R
At a point below the surface of earth located at depth h, the weight of body is given by
 h  w' (1  0.995)w
w '  w 1    0.995 ; % w  100 % w  0.5% (decreases)
 R  w w

21.(B) Weight on surface of earth, mg  500 N and weight below the surface of earth at
R  d  1  mg
d  , mg '  mg 1    mg 1     250 N
2  
R  2  2
 
3 2 g
22.(A) 3 / 5 mg  mg  mR 2 ; 2  g  g  
5 5R
23.(A) Then earth possesses rotational motion about an axis through its poles. The value of acceleration due
to gravity at a place (at given latitude) is affected due to its rotational motion. If earth ceases to
rotate, the weight of a body at equator will increase. But no effect on the weight at poles. The effect of
rotation of the earth on acceleration due to gravity is to decrease its value. Therefore if the earth
stops rotating, the value of g will increase.
2GM  Gm 
24.(D) Escape velocity, ve   2gR g  
R  R2 
 
1 GmM 2GM
25.(C) For escaping from the influence of a planet, mve2   ve 
2 R R
For earth v e  8 km/ s

2GM p 2G  100M 2GM

For the given plant, v p   5  v p  5  ve  40 km/ s
Rp 4R R

1 GmM  GmM  GmM GM

26.(A) Gain in K.E. = Loss in G.P.E.  mv2      v
2 2R  R  2R R

Physics 109 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

 GMm 
27.(A) W  U  0   
 R 
28.(C) Work done by an external agent for removing the mass m kept at
the centre will be equal to the gain in potential energy of the
system.
Gmm 4 2 Gm 2
Hence, w  4 
a a
2
29.(B) Work done required to bring a mass m at the mid-point of the two masses m kept at a distance d
apart will be the gain in potential energy of the system.
 Gmm  4Gm 2
Hence, w  0  
 d / 2   2   d
 
30.(B) Because the gravitational force is the mutual force, hence the position of centre of mass remains
unaffected.
R M
 M 1R1  M 2 R2 or 1  2
R2 M1

GMm Mv 2
31.(C) 
R2 R
GM 2 R R
v ; T 
R GM
3
T1 1 1 1 1
T 2  R3 ;      
T2 4 4 2 8
 
2 2
KE1  V1   r  r
32.(B) 33.(A)    2  2
 
KE2  V2   r  r1
 1
m 2 mgR m m
34.(B) KE  E 
2
 gR  
2
; KE e 
2
Ve2 
2
2 gR  mgR

35.(C) Gravitational pull of earth provides centipeval queleration.

36.(D) The gravitational force acting on the package will remain same hence it will continue the same orbit.
37.(A) Due to air resistance the satellite slows down and starts falling to lower orbit. But when it falls to
lower orbit the fall in potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy and its velocity increases
again. So, the satellite moves faster as the orbit lowers.
38.(D) The increase in K.E. will be at the cost of potential energy when the spaceship changes its position
from point 1 to 2.
 1 1 
K .E  GMm   
 R2 R1 

 K .E 

GMm R1  R 2 
R1 R 2
v1 r
39.(B) L = constant  mv1r1  mv2v2   2 40.(C)
v2 r1
41.(D) In planetary motion,
Area velocity remain constant
L mvr mwr 2
So,  const  const 
  const
2m 2m 2m
Hence, the velocity of the planet will be equal at the position
which are at the same distance from the star.

Physics 110 Workbook -2 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

1
42.(B) dA = Area swept in time dt  r 2d 
2
dA 1 d 1 L
 r2  r2  
dt 2 dt 2 2m
dA
= constant if L = constant
dt
43.(A) Area of the triangle shown is
1
dA  r  dr
2
1 r2
 dA   r  rd   d
2 2
Dividing both side by dt,
dA r 2 d r2 mr 2 I L L
      dA  dt
dt 2 dt 2 2m 2m 2m 2m
L 2mA
Integrating both sides, we get  A T  L 
2m T
GMm
44.(D) 45.(B) FG 
R
 
as FG  R 0

46.(469) By conservation of energy:

2 2
Gm (2m ) Gm  2m  1 1 1 2 v  1 2 v 
   mv12   2m  v 22   mR 2  1    2mR 2  2  …(i)
2r r 2 2 2 3 R 2 5 R 
and angular momentum of system (A + B) will be conserved about point P.
2mv1R 4mv 2 R
0  0  mv1R   2mv 2 R  …(ii)
3 5
125Gm
Solving equation (i) and (ii) v2   P = 469
469
47.(1) Let the object of mass m projected with speed u  gR reach a
height ‘h’ above surface of earth.
1 GMm GMm
Then from conservation of energy, mu 2  
2 R R h
GM
 u 2  gR 
R
1 GMm GMm GMm
   or h  R
2 R R R h
 n 1
48.(0.41) The centripetal force required to move the spaceship in circular orbit is given by
mv 2
, where R = radius of the earth
R h
mv 2 mv 2
Here,  mg or  mg  R  h  v 2  gR or v   gR 
R h R
We know that vescape   2 gR 
Hence, additional velocity imparted to spaceship = vescape  v   2gR    gR 

  gR   
2  1  0.41 gR

 n  0.41

Physics 111 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

49.(300) Time period is minimum for the satellites with minimum radius of the orbit i.e., equal to the radius of
the planet. Therefore,
GMm mv 2 GM 2R 2R R
2
  v ; Tmin   Using
R R R GM GM
R
4 3
M  R 3. Tmin  ; Using values T min  3000 s  P = 300
3 G
v
50.(400) Conserving angular momentum m . v1 cos 60 .4 R  m .v 2.R; 2  2
v1
GMm 1 GMm 1
Conserving energy of the system   mv12    mv 22
4R 2 R 2
1 2 1 2 3 GM 1 GM
v 2  v1  or v12 
2 2 4 R 2 R
1 6 8000
v1  64  10  m / s  4000 2 m / s ; P  400
2 2
mv 2 K
51.(3.5) As gravitation provides centripetal force  5/2 ,
r r
K 2 r mr 3 / 2 4 2m 7/2
i.e., v2 3/ 2
; So that T   2r or T2  r ; so T 2  r 7/2
mr v K K
52.(0.5) Kinetic Energy of a satellite in circular orbit is inversely proportional to the orbit radius and in this
case orbit radii of the two satellites are 4R and 2R respectively
R 2R
 Ratio = 2   0.5
R1 4 R
n! n n  1
53.(2) No. of terms n C2    x 2
2! n  2  ! 2
54.(13) The value of acceleration due to gravity at a height h above the earth’s surface is given by
g
g 
2
 h
1  
 R 

where R is radius of earth.
R g 4g
When h  ; g  
2 2 9
 1
1  
 
2

4 4
Hence, weight w  mg   mg  w.
9 9
55.(10) Mass of planet, M p  10 M e  where M e is mass of earth
Re
Radius of planet, R p  where Re is radius of earth
10
2GM 2G  M p 100  GM e
Escape speed is given by v  ; So, for planet v p  
R Rp Re

 10  ve  10  11 km s 1  110 km s 1.

56.(16) If v1 and v 2 are the velocities of planet at its aphelion and perihelion respectively then according to
conservation of angular momentum, we have mv1r1  mv 2r2
or v1 r1  v 2r2
GMm 1 GMm 1
As the total energy of the planet is also constant, we have   mv12    m v22
r1 2 r2 2

Physics 112 Workbook -2 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

Where M is the mass of the sun.

 1 1  v2 v2
or GM     2  1
 r2 r1  2 2
 r  r  v 2r 2 v 2
or GM  1 2   1 12  1
 r1r2  2r2 2
 r  r  v2  r 2  v2  r 2  r 2 
or GM  1 2   1  12  1   1  1 2 2 
 r1r2  2  r2 
 2  r2 

2GM r1  r2  r22 2Gr2  2GMr1r2 

or v12   or v1   

r1r2 r12  r22  r1 r1  r2   r1  r2  

GMr1r2
L  mv1r1  L m  P = 16
r1  r2
GMm 1 2GM
57.(13) For ball A:  mv 2A or v 2A 
R 2 R
GMm   GMm   1 2
For ball B:    m v B
7R  R  2
 
6 GMm  1 12 GM v 2A 7 vA 7
 m v 2
B or 2
vB    or 
7 R 2 7 R v2
B
6 vB 6

2  2 
58.(12) satellite  earth    rad h 1
T  24 
 
 2   2  2
Relative velocity,   satellite  earth  2     T   12 h
 24   12  
   
59.(1) Here, u  20 m s1, m  500 g  0.5 kg, t  20s
Using Newton’s equation of motion
1 1
s  ut  gt 2 0  20  20  ( g )(20)2 or g  2 m s 2
2 2
 Weight of body on planet  mg
 0.5  2  1N

( Re  h )2
60.(1) Time period of satellite T  2 
gRe2
where, Re  Radius of earth,
h  Height from earth’s surface
Time period does not depend on mass. So, time period of both the satellites will be equal.

Level - 2 JEE Advanced Pattern

61.(C) If two particles of mass m are placed x distance apart

Gmm
then force of attrition  F ( Let )
x2
Now according to problem, particle of mass m is
placed at the centre (P) of square. Then it will
experience four forces.
F FA  force at point P due to particle A
Gmm Gm 2 2Gm 2
F  
x2  a 
2
a2
 
 2
Physics 113 Workbook -2 | Solutions
Vidyamandir Classes

G 2mm G 3mm G 4mm

Similarly, F PB   2F , FPC   3F and F PD   4F
2 2
x x x2

  4 2Gm 2
Fnet  2(2 F ) Hence, Fnet 
a2
62.(C) We note that r A (the distance from the origin to sphere A, which is the same as the separation

between A and B) is 0.5, rC  0.8, and rD  0.4 (with SI units understood). The force Fk that the

k th sphere exerts on m B has magnitude Gm k m B / rk2 and is directed from the origin towards m k
so that it is conveniently written as
 Gm k m B  x k ˆ y k ˆ  Gm k m B
Fk   i j  ( x k iˆ  y k ˆj )
rk2 r
 k rk 
 rk
3

Consequently, the vector addition (where k equals A, B and D) to obtain the net force on m B
becomes
   mk x k   m k y k  
Fnet  
Fk  Gm B    iˆ  
  ˆj  (3.7 10 5 N ) ˆj

  3   3  
r r
k  k k   k k  
mdx GMdm GMmdx
63.(B) dm  ; dF  
2
R x Rx 2
2R 2R
GMmdx GMm  1  GMm   1 1   GMm
F 
 Rx 2

R
 
 x  R
 
R 
  
 2R R  
   2R
2
R
a L
dx  1 1  
  A  Bx  x ;
2
64.(B) F  Gm F  Gm  A     BL 
2   a a  L  
a
GM GM
65.(A) g  
(a  x )2 (a  x )2

66.(C) Distance of m from centre of sphere  ( x  r )

Distance of m from centre of shell = (R – x)
Gravitational force m due to shell is zero
Gmm 
 Fnet  (x  r )
r3

67.(B) When 2r  x  2 R then the force will be due to sphere only.

Gmm 
F 
( x  r )2

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 Vidyamandir Classes

68.(D) When x > 2R, the sphere and the shell both will contribute to the gravitational force

Gmm  GMm  GMm  Gmm 

Fsphere  ; Fshell  ; F  
( x  R )2 ( x  r )2 ( x  R )2 ( x  r )2
69.(BCD) According to Newton’s third law, we have
 
F AB   FBA
As their masses may be different, acceleration produced in them according to Newton’s second law
 
a F / m

Also, as no external force acts acm  0
 GM e m 
70.(D) Let mass of the earth is Meand mass of object is m. Force on object at A   r  towards centre.
 3 
 R 

R2
 GM em  r2 
Force on object along the tunnel   r 4
 3  r
 R 

 GM e  2 R2
Acceleration of object along the tunnel    r 
 3  4
 R 
GM
71.(B) ag 
r2

72.(B) When going above at a height h or at a depth d below earth’s surface, in any case acceleration due to
gravity decrease.
Therefore, g e  g h and g e  g d
Moreover, g h  g d if h  d
73.(D) It is given that, acceleration due to gravity on planet A is 9 times the acceleration due to gravity on
planet B i.e.,
g A  9g B . . . . (i)
Form third equation of motion
v 2  2gh
v2
At planet A, h A  . . . . (ii)
2 gA
v2
At planet B, h B  . . . . (iii)
2gB
Dividing eqn. (ii) by eqn. (iii), we have

Physics 115 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

hA gB

hB gA
hA gB 1
From eqn. (i) g A  9 g B    or h B  9h A  9  2 18m ( h A  2m )
hB 9gB 2
74.(C)
GM
75.(AD) g  for r  R
r2
GM
g r for r  R
R3

2GM 2G  4  8GP
76.(BC) v  2 gR     R 3   R
R R  3 
 3
R gv1 g R v R
Therefore,   1  2; 1  3; 1  1  3; 1  1  3
v 2 R2 g2 g 3 R3 v3 R3
GM G  4  5 GP
g     R 3   R
2 2 3  3
R R  
77.(ABC) The objects of masses m and 4m are rest at an infinity separation. They move towards each other
under mutual gravitational attraction. If G is the universal gravitational constant at separation r,
then the total energy of the two objects is zero and also the net angular momentum of both the
objects is zero about any point, also the total kinetic energy of the objects is 4Gm 2 / r .

78.(B)

K.E. just before collision = Loss in P.E. of the system

Gm  8m
  K.E.before collision  3R
From momentum conservations ; mu1  8mu 2  u1  8u 2 ; Let u 2  u , u1  8u
1 1
 K.E .initial  2 m (8u )2  2 8mu 2  36 mu 2
After collision
From momentum conservations
mv1  8mv2  v1  8v2
If v2  v, v1  8v
1 u
Also, Vsep  eVapp  v2  v1  e u1  u 2    9v 
2
9u  v
2
2 2 2
1 1 u  1  u 1 u 
(K.E)after collision   m  v12   8m    (K.E)after collision   m   8     8m     9mu 2
2 2 2 2  
2 2 2
    
G 8m 2 2Gm 2
And 36mu 2  ; So, ( K .E.) final 
3R 3R
79.(A) At the maximum separation both the stars will come to rest as total
momentum of the system needs to be zero all the time.
So, (K.E.)just after collision = Gain in the P.E. at the max. Separation

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 Vidyamandir Classes

2Gm 2 Gm  8m Gm  8m
 p  
3R 3R d
1 1  8 2  1
      d  4R
d 8  3 R 3R  4 R
 
8  12
80.(C) x cm   8m
48
 particle will meet at a distance of 4m from 8 kg mass.
3/2
 R  T1
81.(D) T  r 3/2    1.03 ; T1 1.03T2
T2  1.02R 
T T
% difference  1 2  100 = 3%
T2
82.(C)
83.(D) Total energy = K.E. + P.E. For a bound system, total energy must be negative
1 GmM
K .E.  mv 2 ; P .E.  
2 r
mv 2 GmM 1 1 GmM
For a circular orbit,   mv 2   K .E.
r 2 2 2 r
r
GmM GmM GmM
Total energy =   
r 2r 2r
m m
84.(C) Applying conservation of momentum mv  0  v'  v '  2v
2 2
1m 2 1 1 GMm
Increase in mechanical energy of the system   2v   mv 2  mv 2 
2 2 2 2 2  2R 
2
mgR mgR
 
4R 4
85.(D) Energy required = Change in K.E. + change in P.E.
GMm mv 2 GMm
Also,    mv 2
2 2R 2R
(2R )
1  GMm GMm  GMm GMm 3GMm
Energy required  mv 2       
2  R 2 R  4 R 2 R 4R
GM 3
Also, g  ; hence, energy required  mgR
2 4
R
GM  5 M
GM 5Mv 2
86.(B) For circular orbit,  v2  
R2 R R
For mass M, to continue in its path in opposite direction,
GM  M Mv12 GM
  v12 
2 R R
R
Angular momentum about centre should be conserved as there is no external torque on the system,
So, 5M  v  R   Mv1  R  4 M  v2  R
GM GM 3 GM
 5  4v 2  v2 
R R 2 R
Now, Total energy of the mass 4M,
1 GM  4 M 2 M  9 GM 4  Gm 1 GM 2
  4 M  v22     0
2 R 4 R R 2 r
As T.E. > 0 so that mass 4M will become unbound

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Vidyamandir Classes

87.(C) For a geostationary orbit the angular velocity of satellite and earth must be same
From second law,
GMm GM
 m 2r  r 3 
2
r 2
Now,   2
GMm
And  m 2r 
r 2
GM GM GM r3 r
 r 3     r 3   r 
1
2 (2) 2
4 2 4
(4) 3
88.(AC) When the satellite approaches the earth its potential energy falls which get converted into kinetic
energy.
Since there is a drag force which is external to system, the angular momentum will also decrease as
the drag fore will be in opposite direction of the motion.
The drag force will be slowing down the satellite in comparison to the velocity in the absence of the
drag force which will decrease the period of the revolution.
GM 2R
89.(ABC) Velocity  ; T
R V
90.(A) for a circular orbit of radius r
GMm mv 2 v2 GM
  m 2r    ar
2
r r r r2
GM GM
2  ; v2 
3 r
r
GMm
P .E .  
r
Thus if r2 > r1 then,
( P .E.)2  ( P .E.)1
v2  v1 ; 2  1 ; a r 2  a r 1

Archive JEE Main

1.(A) Change in total energy in displacing a body from r1 to r2 is given by

GMm  1 1  GMm  1 1  GMm
ΔU       
2  r1 r2  
2  2R 3 R  12 R
2.(B) When gravitational force becomes zero, the centripetal force required cannot be provided. So the
satellite will move with the velocity as it has at the instant when gravitational force becomes zero, i.e.,
it moves tangentially to the original orbit.
3.(A) Escape velocity  2 gRe ; So the escape velocity is independent of m. So it depends upon mass as

m0 .
4.(C) The minimum kinetic energy required to project a body of mass m from the earth’s surface to infinite
is know as escape energy. Therefore,
GM em  GM e 
KE   mgR   gR  
R  R 

5.(C) Let area of ellipse = A & areal velocity = VA
A /2  A /4  3  1 A /2  A /4 1  1
then, t1    A and t 2    A  t1  3t 2
VA   4  V
 4  VA VA   A

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 Vidyamandir Classes

3/2 3/2
T2 r   4r 
6.(C)  2    8  T2  8T1  8  5  40h
T1  r1   r 
  
7.(C) If x1 and x2 are the distance covered by the two bodies, then x1 + x2 = 9R
x x
Also Mx1  5 Mx 2  x 2  1  x1  1  9R  x1  7.5 R
5 5
8.(C) Work is done against gravitational force, which is a conservative force.
Therefore, the escape velocity is independent of the angle of projection.
GM gR 2
9.(B) v0  
R x R x

( R  h )3
10.(A) The time period of the satellite is given by T  2 
GM
Where R + h is the radius of the orbit of the satellite, M is mass of the earth.
mgh 1
11.(B) ΔU   mgR ( h  R )
h 2
1
R
 n 1 
1  4 2  1 
 2 

2 2 n 1
12.(A) mw R   m R   T R  T  R 
Rn  T2 
  R n

 2h  2h
13.(C) At height h above the surface of the earth. g   g 1    Δg1  g
 R  R
 
 d d
At depth d below the surface of the earth, g   g 1    Δg 2  g
 R  R

Since Δg1  Δg 2 ; d = 2h
14.(D) Work done = Change in GPE = U   U R
 GMm  GMm 6.67  10 11  100  10 2
W 0      6.67  10 10 J
 R  R 10 1
 
15.(C) Mass of planet M P  10M e
Where Me is the mass of the earth.
R
Radius of planet R P  e Where Re is the radius of the earth.
10
2GM p 2G (10 M e ) 2GM e
Escape velocity from planet surface vp   10  10 ve  110 km / s
RP (R e /10) Re
GM
16.(A) g  , acceleration due to gravity at height h
( R  h )2
2 2
g GM R2  R  1  R  R 1
   g      
9 R2 ( R  h )2 R h  9  R  h  R  h 3
  
 3R = R + h  2R = h
 GMm  GMm
17.(D) W  0     mgR  1000  10  6400  10 3  64  10 9 J  6.4  1010
 R  R
 
 GMm  GMm
18.(D) Energy of the satellite on the surface of the planet is E1  KE  PE  0    
 R  R
 
Energy of the satellite in the circular orbit of radius (R + 2R) is
 Minimum energy required to launch the satellite is :

Physics 119 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

GMm  GMm  GMm GMm 5GMm

ΔE  E f  Ei        
6R  R  6R R 6R
 
19.(B) Net force on any one particle
GM 2 GM 2 GM 2 GM 2  1 1 
  cos 45  cos 45    
(2 R )2 ( R 2 )2 ( R 2 )2 R 2
 4 2 
This force will be equal to centripetal force so
Mu 2 GM 2 1  2 2  GM 1  2 2  1 GM
R
 
R 2  4
 u 


R  4
 
 2 R
2 2 1  
  

GMm
20.(D) FG 
( R  h )2

21.(D) For point P inside the earth

GM
g r o r  R
R3
For point P outside the earth
GM
g r R
r2
22.(C) w  w  m 2R
3 w 2R  g g 10
 w  w m   
4 g 4R 4  6400  10 3
10
 w  10 3 rads –1    .63  10 3 rads1
28

k
23.(B) (r )  r  R ; (r )  0 r R
r
4 k
G r 3 
g 3 r ;r  R
r2
4
4G k G R 3 4G R 3 1
  const And, g 3   for r R
3 r2 3 r2
24.(D) Apparent weight  w  m 2r
r is max. at equator equal to R
r is zero at the pole.
Hence if  is increased apparent weight decreases.
25.(B) Dt  10 2
GMm
r  0 m 2 R 
R2
GM GM G 2d  dM dM
   2  2 d    dM    2  10 2
3 3 3  M M
R R R
GMm GMm / 2 GMm / 2 4GMm
26.(D) Initial energy   ; Final energy    
2R 2R /2 2  3R / 2 6R

Physics 120 Workbook -2 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

4GMm  GMm  GMm

Difference    
6R  2R  6R
 
27.(A) dme  0.4  10 km, d se  150  10 6 km ;
6
m m  8  10 22 kg m s  2  1030 kg R e  6.4  106 m
 
F1  GMm m 
1 1   GMm m  4d R
2

2 dme 4
me e  
 dme  R e   dme  Re 
 
3
GMm s F1 mm d se
 F2 
dse 4

 4d se Re .  F2

3
2
m s dme

GMm GMm  R  R  h  GMmh

28.(D) 1    GMm  ;  
1 …(i)
(R  h ) R  R R h
   

R R h  
GM 1 GMm GMmh GMm
v ; KE  E 2  ; 
R h 2 (R  h ) R(R  h ) 2( R  h )

2h  R ; h  3.2  103 km
4 gM RM gE
29.(C) VE  64Vm  RE  4RM ; g E  G . RE    gM  ; E  ve2  E  gR
3 gE RE 4
EM gM RME 1 1 E
  M    EM 
EE gE R E E 4 4 16
GM G .2 M GM
30.(C) Ep   
2 2
(3a ) (3a ) 3a 2
R
2
K Mv 2
GM M
G
 (r )4 r dr
 2 
2
GK 4 R T
31.(A) (r )  ,  ; 2R  0 ,    R ;  constant
 T 
r 2 R R 2
R 2
  R2 R
2GM GM GM
32.(D) Ve 
R
, V0 
R
; So, V  2  1
R
 2  1 gR    
33.(B) For a satellite of mass m rotating in a circular orbit of radius R around a planet of mass M, kinetic

energy is given by T 
GMm
; Here, TA 
GMm
and TB 
GM 2m    GMm ; TA
1
2R 2R  
2 2R 2R TB

GM 4 gp 2
1 RE R2 R
34.(D) g ;    R2
p  So, R p 
2 9 gE 9 R2 4 2
R p
g 9.8  h 
35.(A) g'  ; 4.9   1 

  2  1.414
 h 
2
 h 
2
 Re 
1   1  
 Re   Re 
   
h
  0.414  h  0.414  Re  0.414  6.4  10 6  2.6  106
Re
a
36.(C) radius of the circle  r ; FBD of any one particle
2

GM 2 2GM 2 1 Mv 2 GM 1 GM
   v   1  1.16
2 2 2 a/ 2 a 2 2 a
2a a

Physics 121 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

1 dA 1 d R2
37.(A) dA  R 2d  ;  R2  
2 dt 2 dt 2
dA R2  L  L
L  mR 2     i.e. option (A)
dt 2  mR 2  2m

1 2GMm
38.(D) mv 2   v  12  1020  6.67  10 11  2.82  105 m / s
2 R
39.(D) P .E  2 KE (for satellite); As, K.E. of object + P.E. of object = 0
K.E. of object =  P.E. of object =  P.E. of satellite = 2K.E. = mv2
GM v GM 2 n
40.(B) v0   0    n  11
r r 3 24  60  60
r
41.(B) dm  rdx  ( A  Bx 2 )dx
a  L a  L
GmdM ( A  Bx 2 )dx
F 
 x2
 Gm
 x2
a a
a  L aL 
 A    1 1  
 Gm 
 a x
2 
dx  a


Bdx  ; F  Gm  A

 
 a a L

  BL 

 
a

42.(B)

2 2
V V V  v  V
2mVx  mV  Vx  Vy  Vnet       
2 2 2 2 2
   
GM GM
If V  ; The motion is elliptical. For V  . Motion is circular
r r
43.(D) At after collision velocity of the combined mass is less than the velocity required for circular motion
hence the combined body will move in elliptical path around the planet.
2GM ve 1
44.(C) ve   1  n 4
R ve 1
2
Gm 2 Gm1 3 1 m2 m1 1
45.(D) 3 ; 2   ; 
2 2 2 4 m1 m2 6
2 1
GM em 1 GM em 1
46.(16) From energy conservation Ui  Ki  U f  K f ; 
10 R

2
 
m vi2  
R

2
mv 2f

 2GM e   1   1  2 9 2
v 2f    1  vi2  v e2 1    vi2  11.2   
 12 ; v f  256.896  16.02 km / s  
 R   10   
10  10
   
47.(A) Energy conservation :
GMm 1 GMm 1
  mu 2   mv 2
R 2 2R 2
GM
V  u2  …(i)
R
Momentum conservation:
m 9m GM  GM 
VT  Vorbital  
10 10 2R  2R 
 
m GM
Vr  m u 2  [By (1)]
10 R
Physics 122 Workbook -2 | Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

1 m m  81GM GM 
Kinetic energy  
2 10
VT2  Vr2  

20  2R

 100u 2  100
R
  (1)


 2 
48.(C) W '  Mg  MR 2 ;   Rad / sec ; W '  195.32N
 24  3600 
 
 GM  k 4 kr 2
49.(D) .4 r 2dr  4 r 2dr ;
Let’s find field at ‘r’  E 

 r2
;


M 
 r M 
2
2
G 4 kr 2  2 
So E   2G k ; Now mE  mr 2 ; 2G k  r     T 2 r
2  T 
2r  
2
 h 
g / 1   2
gheight 
 R e   h  h   h   h2 h 
 1
50.(C)   1 ; 1   1    1; 1   1 2
gdepth  h   
Re  R e   
Re   2
Re Re 
g 1      
 R 
 e

h2 2h h h3 2h 2  h 
1
R e2

Re

Re

R3
e

Re2
 1 ; x 3  x 2  x  0; where x 
 Re 
2
 ; x x  x 1  0  
x  0,
1  1  4
 0,
5 1 
,
 5 1 ; Acceptable value, x 
h

5 1
; h 
 
5 1 R
2 1 2 2 Re 2 2
GMe 3
51.(A) v0  ; m v 0 Re  mvR  3v 0 Re  2vR
Re 2
3 v 0 Re 1 3 2 GM e m 1 GM e m
 v …(i) and m v0   mv 2  …(ii)
2 R 2 2 Re 2 R
Solving (i) and (ii) we have
3 GMe GMe 1 3 Re2  GMe  GMe 1 3 Re 1
       
4 Re Re 2 2 R 2  Re  R 4 Re 4 R 2 R

  R 2  3 Re2  4 ReR  R 2  4 ReR  3 Re2  ( R  Re )( R  3 Re)  0

 R  3 Re or Re  Furthest distance is R  3 Re
 r 4 
52.(C) dm  4 r 2dr   4 0  r 2  dr
 R 2 

r
r 4   r3 r 5 
M(upto) r  4 0  r 2   4 0 
 R 2 

dr 
 3 5R 2 
0  
GM (upto r ) r r3 
So gat r   G 4 0   
r 2  3 5R 2 
 
dg 1 3 r2 5
For maximum g 0    r  R
dr 3 5R 2 9
V x
  Ax
Let x 2  a 2  r 2 
53.(C) dV   E x .dr ;
 dV  
 3/2
dx ; xdx  rdr
0  x  2
a 2

r r
rdr dr A A
 V  A
 r3  A
 r2  V 
r

x  a2
2
 

Physics 123 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

GM 2GM Ve V 1
54.(A) V0  ; Ve  ;  2 ; 
R R V Ve 2
R g g 4
55.(D) Acceleration due to gravity at height h  ; g1   g1   g
2 2 2 9
 R 
1  2 
3 / 2
 R 
 
 d  d 4 d 5
At depth ‘d’, g 1    g1  g 1    g  
 R   R  9 R 9

 2h  R 2w 2
56.(C) Here, g 1    g  Rw 2 ; h 
 R  2g

57.(C) Angular momentum about sun will remain constant
mV1r1  mV2r2
V2
r2 V1 1 1
 V1r1  V2r2    6   1:6
r1 V2 V2 6 6
58.(B) Particle should reach equilibrium point
16 M
x  10a  8a
M  16 M
Applying energy conservation
TMEi  TME f
G (16 M )m GMm 1 G (16 M )m GMm
   mu 2   
2a 8a 2 8a 2a
3 5GM
 u 
2 a

Archive JEE Advanced

2
GM GM g  R2 
1.(C) g  , g      g  g
R2 (0.99R )2 g  0.99 R 
 
 GMm   GMm  GMm mgR
2.(A) U         
 2R   R  2R 2
   
2 2
mv 2 2pR R  R 
3.(B)  R 5/2,  v  R 3/4 Now, T  or T 2    ; T 2   or T 2  R 7/2
R v v   R 3/4 
   
T12 R13 R
4.(B) According to Kepler’s law,  , T1  365 days, T2  ?, R1  R , R 2 
T22 R 23 2
3/2 3/2
R  R / 2
 T2  T1  2   365    129 days
R 
 1   R 
5.(A) Force on the satellite is always towards the earth, therefore, acceleration of satellite S is always
directed towards the centre of the earth. Net torque of this gravitational force F about the centre of
the earth is zero. Therefore, angular momentum (both in magnitude and in direction) of S about the
centre of the earth is constant throughout. Since force F is conservative in nature, therefore
mechanical energy of the satellite remains constant. Speed of S is maximum when it is nearest to the
earth and minimum when it is farthest.

Physics 124 Workbook -2 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

T2 g
6.(D) We know that T1  2p l / g and T2  2p l / g    ... (i)
T1 g
GM GM GM g T2
Also g   g    4  2
2 2 2 g T1
R (2 R ) 4R
3
 6400  T2
7.(C) T 2  R3 Now, RC  6400km    T = 1.7 h
(24)2  36000 
 
For the spy satellite, R is slightly greater than RC  Ts  T ,  Ts  2h

8.(D) In case of binary star system, angular velocity and the time period of both the stars are equal.

9.(C) The system is a solid sphere.

GM mGM mv 2 1
For r  R ; gravitational field     v
2 2 r
r r r
GM GM mv 2
For r  R , gravitational field  r  m r   v r
R3 R3 r
The corresponding v – r graph will be as shown in option (C)

10.(A) Work required to take unit mass from infinity to point P = VP

 Work required to take it from P to infinity = VP
To calculate VP , consider a ring element of radius r and width dr . Gravitational potential due to this
G (dm ) G M (2prdr ) 2GM rdr
ring at P is : dv P   
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
r  (4 R ) r  16 R (16pR  9pR ) 7R r  16 R 2
4R
2GM rdr


VP  dVP 
7R 2
3R
 r 2
 16R 2
dr
Let r 2  16 R 2  t 2  2r  2t  rdr  tdt
dt
rdr tdt
r 2  16 R 2

 r 2
 16 R 2

 t 2

 dt  t 
2GM  2 4R 2GM
2  2 
 VP  r  16 R   32R  25R 2 
2  
7R 3R 7R 2 
2GM 2GM

7R

4 2 5   Wreqd   VP 
7R
4 2 5 
2GM GM 1 1 2
11.(B) Ve 
r
,V 
r
 Ve  2v ; KE 
2
mve2 
2
m  2v   mv 2

12.(B) The force applied at the top of the wire by a person holding it in place is f net 
 dmg
r 
Inside planet g   g0   , g0  acceleration due to the gravity at the surface of planet.
R
 
R R R
g r  lg 0 lg  r 2 
(ldr )  0 rdr  0  

4R
  R



 R
4R
 R  2

 4R

5
5 5

lg 0  2 16 R 2  lg  9R 2  9lg R
0
 R   0   
2R  25  2R  25  50
   

Physics 125 Workbook -2 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

GM e GM e
Acceleration due to the gravity at the surface of earth and the planet will be ge  and g 0 
2
Re R2
respectively.
2 2
g0  M   Re   M   Re 
     g0  ge    
ge M   R  M   R 
 e     e   
3 2
 R   Re   R  9  10 3  (1) 6  10 5 5400
 10      10   1m / s 2  Fnet    108 N
R   R  R  50 50
 e     e 
2GM  GM 3  105 GM 
13.(B) For earth, Ve  ; For Sun + Earth, Potential energy     m

R  R 2.5  10 4 R 
GMm 13GMm 1 13GMm 2GM
 (1  12)   mv 2 
13  13ve  ve  40.4 km / s ; 42 km/s
; v
R R 2 R R
14.(B) A particle at distance r will experience gravitational force by the sphere of radius r (or mass say M)
GM mv 2 v2  2K  r
 m  M  r  
r 2 r Gm  m  Gm
 
2K 2K K
 dM  dr  4 r 2dr  dr  
2 2
Gm Gm 2r m 2G
2

15.(ACD) The gravitational field intensity at point O is zero (as the

cavities are symmetrical with respect to O).
Now the force acting on the a test mass m0 placed at O is
given by F  m0 E  m0  0  0
Now, y2 + z2 = 36 represents the equation of a circle with
centre (0, 0, 0) and radius 6 units. The plane of the circle is
perpendicular to the x-axis. Since the spherical mass
distribution behaves as if the whole mass is at its centre (for
a point outside sphere) and since all the points on the circle
are equidistant from the centre of the sphere, the circle is a
gravitational equipotential.
GM GM F1 r2
16.(AB) For r  R , the gravitational field is F  GM / r 2  F1  and F2    2
r12 r22 F2 r 2
1
GM GM GM F1 r
For r  R , The gravitational field is F   r  F1   r1 and F2   r2   1
3 3 3 F2 r2
R R R
4
2GM 2Gr . pR 3 8pGr
17.(BD) Ves   3  R  Ves  R
R R 3
2
Surface area of Q  4 A  4pR Q

Surface area of P  A  4p R P2  RQ = 2RP

Mass of R is MR = MP + MQ
4 3 4 4
r pR R  r pR P3  r pRQ3
 3
RR  R P3  RQ
3
 9R P3
3 3 3
VR VP 1
R R  91/3 R P  R R  RQ  R P Therefore VR  VQ  V P ;  91/3 and 
VP VQ 2
18.(BD) The situation is as shown in the figure
Applying the conservation of mechanical energy, we get.
GMm GMm 1
   mv 2  0  0
L L 2

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 Vidyamandir Classes

1 2GMm 4GM GM
mv 2   v  2
2 L L L
The energy of mass m will remain conserved hence option (d) is also correct.
4 
G  pR 3 r 
GM  3 
19.(BC) Gravitational field at a distance r from the centre of a uniform sphere is Er  r   r
R3 R3
4pGr
 Er  r
3
Balancing the forces on a thin spherical shell at a distance r. 4pr 2dP   E r dm

4pGr 4pGr 2rdr 4pGr 2

4pr 2dP  r (4pr 2drr) 
3
dP 
3
Integrating
 dP  
3  rdr
Hence pressure at a radial distance r.
4pGr 2 r2
P (r )  . C
3 2
At surface P = O
2pGr 2 R 2 2pGr 2
So, C  P (r )  (R 2  r 2 )
3 3
 3R  2pGr 2  9  2 2pGr 2  7  2  2R  2pGr 2  4 2pGr 2  5  2
P  1  R  . R P   1   R 2  .  R
 4  3  16  3  16   3  3  9  3 9
         
P (r  3 R / 4) 63
Ratio  Hence (b)
P (r  2R / 3) 80
 3R  2pGr 2  9  16  2R  2pGr 2  4  21
P  1   constant ; P  1   constant
 5  3  25  25  5  3  25  25
    
P (r  3R / 5) 16
Ratio  Hence (c)
P (r  2R / 3) 21
R
P  1 1
2
   4  3  9   27  Hence (d) is not correct
R 1 4 8  32 
P  1
3 9
 
20.(A) Force acting on astronaut is utilized in providing necessary centripetal force, thus he feels
weightlessness as he is in a state of free fall.
1 m
21.(B) v , Hence correct answer is ‘B’ Also, T  r 3/2 ; K 
r r
22. (i) 4 (ii) 3
(i) According to Kepler’s third law ; T  r 3/2
T12 R13 T22 82
  R23  R13   R 23  1012   64  1012  R 2  4  10 4 km
T22 R23 T12 12

2 R1 2   10 4
The speed of satellite S1 v1   Km / hr
T1 1

2R 2 2  4  10 4
The speed of satellite S2 v2     10 4
T1 8
The speed of satellites S2 relative to S1.
|v 2.1 | |v 2  v1 |    10 4  2   10 4    10 4 km / hr

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Vidyamandir Classes

(ii) The angular speed of satellite S2 relative to S1

vr |v2  v1 |   10 4 
S1     rad / hr
Rr R2  R1 4 4 3
(4  10  10 )
23. (i) 1 (ii) 2
In the figure three particles located at vertices A, B and C of equilateral triangle of side AB = BC = CA
= a.
These particle move in a circle with O as the centre and radius
BD a /2 a
r  OA  OB  OC where r   
cos 30 3 /2 3
The gravitational attraction force acting on a particle, say at A
Gmm Gmm
due to particle at B is F1  and due to particle at C is F2 
2
a a2
Gm 2
Here F1  F2  F (say ) 
a2
2Gm 2 3 Gm 2
Therefore, the resultant force on the particles at A is  2F cos 30   3
2
a 2 a2
Fr is directed along AO..... Thus the net force on particle at A is radial. Similarly, the net force on
particle at B and C at C is Fr, each directed towards centre O. This force provides the necessary
centripetal force. If v is the required initial velocity of each particle, then
mv 2 Gm 2 Gmr a Gm Gm Gm
 3 or v 2  3 Since r  , we have v 2  3   v 
r a2 a2 3 3a a a
1/2
2 r 2  a / 3  a3 
Time period T    2  
v Gm  3Gm 
 
a

24. (i) 6400 km (ii) 7920 m/s

(i) As the satellite is revolving in a circular orbit, the centripetal force is provided by the
gravitational force.
mv 2 GMm GM 1 1 2GM 1  2GM  GM
   v2  ; But v  ve    
(R  h ) (R  h ) 2 R h 2 2 R 4  R  (R h )

 2R + 2h = 4R  h = R = 6400 km.
(ii) If the satellite is stopped, its kinetic energy becomes zero. When it falls freely on the Earth, its
potential energy decreases and converts into kinetic energy.
GMm  GMm   1 
 ( PE )i  ( PE ) f  ΔK      mv 2  0 
2R    
 R  2 
GM
 v   gR  9.8  6.4  106  7920 m / s
R
32
25. ( 1.5  10 J )
Similar calculations can gives us the gravitational potential energy of a uniform sphere
3 GM 2 3 GM 3 3
  ( MR )  g( MR )   9.8  2.5  10 31  1.47  1032 Joules
5 R 5 R 2 5 5
3
26.   Let the force of attraction becomes zero at P at a distance r from bigger star.
2

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 Vidyamandir Classes

As this point gravitational field strength becomes zero or at P field due to bigger star is equal and
opposite due to smaller star.
GM B GM s 16 M M
 ;   r  8a
r2 (10 a  r )2 r2 (10a  r )2
Now if we fire a mass m from bigger star giving it such a velocity that is sufficient to cross point P,
then later on due to more force by the star MB it will pull it towards itself.
Now from conservation of mechanical energy of mass m from surface of larger star to point P
GM Bm GM sm 1 GM Bm GM sm
   mv 2min   0 [ M B  16 M M s  M ]
2a 8a 2 8a 2a
3 5GM
After solving we get vmin 
2 a

27.(99.5) Total energy at A = Total energy at B ( KE )A  ( PE )A  ( PE )B

  2 
1 2GM
 GMm  2  99 R   GMm
m   3 R    
2 R 3  100   R h
 2R 

  

On solving we get h = 99.5 R
L total m1r12
28.(6)  1
LB m 2r22
GM G 4
29.(3) g   pR 3 r  g  R r ; Ve  2gR  Ve  R 2r
2
R R2 3
g 6 r 2 R 3 6 vesc
 R 2 r 3
 ;    ;    vesc
  3km / s
g 11 r 3 R 22 vesc 2 11
R r
 GM 
30.(2) For a particle at a distance r from the centre of Earth, force is given by, F  m  
 r2 
 
Force becomes one-fourth, when r = 2R (R = radius of Earth)
2GM
Escape velocity Ve 
R
1 GmM GmM
Using conservation of energy for the given particle: mV 2  
2 R 2R
GM
This gives, V   Ve  V 2 Hence, n = 2
R
GMm Gm 2
31.(7) From FBD of middle mass:   T  ma
9l 2 l2
GMm Gm 2
Since T  0,  ma  . . . . . (i)
2
9l l2
Also, for the right most mass:

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Vidyamandir Classes

GMm Gm 2
  ma . . . . (ii)
16l 2 l2
GMm GMm 2Gm 2 7M
Equating (i) and (ii),    m 
2 2 2 288
9l 16l l
32. (1.23 × 10–3)
g
g   g  Rw 2 Here g  0  w   1.23  10 3 rad / s
R
33.(Angular momentum)
dA L
  constant, because angular momentum of planet (L) about the centre of the Sun is
dt 2m
constant. Thus, this law comes from law of conservation angular momentum.
T12 R13

34. 6.45 h  According to Kepler’s law, 
T22 R23

24  24 6  6 6  R3 24  24  2.5  2.5  2.5

   T22   T2  6.45 h
T22 2.5  2.5  2.5  R 3 6  6 6
 4G 
35.  ( M1  M 2 ) 
 d 
To escape to infinity, V  0  Applying energy conservation for the particle.
 GM1 GM 2  1 4G
ΔU  ΔK  0 0 m      0  mu 2  0  u  ( M1  M 2 )
 d /2 d /2  2 d
 
36.(R) Applying energy conservation.
Total energy at A = Total energy at B
1  GMm  GMm
mv 2     . . . . (i)
2  R  R h

2GM
Escape velocity = Ve 
R
1 GMm
Therefore, kinetic energy required for escape velocity is mve2 
2 R
1 GMm
The kinetic energy given is half of this value, Therefore, mv 2  ... (ii)
2 2R
GMm GMm GMm 1 1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii)       R  h  2R  h  R
2R R R h 2R R h

37.  6.94  1022 m 2 

dA L L
Areal velocity of a planet around the Sun is constant and is given by   dA  dt
dt 2m 2m
LL
Integrating both sides
 dA  2m  dt
2m
(T)  A 

Where L = angular momentum of the planet (earth) about the Sun and m = mass of planet (earth).
L 1
Hence, A  T   4.4  1015  365  24  3600 m 2 ; Area = 6.94  1022 m 2
2M 2
38.(False) Since New Delhi is not the equatorial plane and geostationary satellite is launched on the equatorial
plane, the given statement is false.

Physics 130 Workbook -2 | Solutions