Modificada Cartilla A0

PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO
2021
PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO
OMAR GUALTEROS VILLARREAL

Director Instituto Politécnico Agroindustrial
MARIA ALEJANDRA GUALTEROS ALVARADO

Directora programa de bilingüismo
OLGA LUCIA ALVARADO OLARTE

Asesora administrativa
GERARDO MARTIN ALVARADO OLARTE

Coordinador programa bilingüismo
LINA PAOLA RODRIGUEZ

Docente Asesora Académica Bilingüe
REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA
2021
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UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Self-study reference and practice.
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Contenido
Greetings ......................................................................................................................................... 7
The English Alphabet. ..................................................................................................................10
Member of de Family. .................................................................................................................11
Numbers ........................................................................................................................................12
Days of the Week. ........................................................................................................................13
Months of the Year. .....................................................................................................................14
Colours...........................................................................................................................................15
Common words............................................................................................................................16
Places ............................................................................................................................................17
Professions/Occupations. ...........................................................................................................19
Adjectives .....................................................................................................................................21
Personal Pronouns (subject and object) and Possessive Adjectives. ...................................23
Simple Present with “Be” .............................................................................................................25
The indefinite article. a / an .......................................................................................................27
The definite article The ................................................................................................................28
Countries and Nationalities. .......................................................................................................29
Demonstrative Adjectives...........................................................................................................31
Fruits ...............................................................................................................................................33
Vegetables. ..................................................................................................................................35
Nouns .............................................................................................................................................37
Countable and Uncountable Nouns. .......................................................................................38
There is and there are. ................................................................................................................39
Wh Questions. ...............................................................................................................................41
Prepositions of place ...................................................................................................................42
Body Parts: ....................................................................................................................................44
Prepositions of time. .....................................................................................................................46
Present continuous tense ............................................................................................................48
How to change infinitive verbs to gerund verbs .....................................................................49
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Present simple tense vs present continuous tense ..................................................................51
Simple present with other verbs. ................................................................................................52
Food/ Meals. .................................................................................................................................54
Sea food ........................................................................................................................................54
Drinks and Beverages. .................................................................................................................55
Animals. .........................................................................................................................................55
Insects and reptiles. .....................................................................................................................55
Mammals.......................................................................................................................................56
Fish and sea animals....................................................................................................................56
Regular verbs ................................................................................................................................57
Irregular Verbs. .............................................................................................................................60
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LEVEL
A0
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Greetings
Formal Introductions Long-time not Formal

Greeting First time Responses seeing someone or Closings
don’t see every day.
Good morning -How do you do? -I’m doing -How have you -It’s been a
been doing? pleasure,
-My name is ….. well. I’m goodbye.
Mrs/Mss/Mr… Mrs/Mss/Mr… -How have you -Thanks for your
been? time. Goodbye
-How do you so? -How do you do?
I’m Mrs/Mss/Mr ... I’m Mrs/Mss/Mr..
Good May I introduce -Pleased to -What a pleasant -Nice to have

afternoon Mrs/Mss/Mr … meet you… surprise met you.
Goodbye.
Good Evening -Nice to
meet you
Long-time not seeing

Informal someone or don’t Informal closings
Greetings Introductions Responses see every day.
Hello -My name is… -My name is.. -Good to see you. . -I have to go now, bye
What’s your name? -It’s great to see you.
- Nice to see you.
Hey Long-time, no see. -I’ll see you later, bye
-I’m … -I’m … It’s been a while.
What’s your name? When was the last time -I’ll see you around,
we saw each bye.
other?
Hi -I’d like to introduce -it’s nice to How have you been? -It was nice to meet
… meet you. How have you
things been going?
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Long-time not
Slang Greetings Slang Responses Introductions Responses seeing someone
or don’t see every
day.
Hi -Hey Buddy - This is … - Hi … Long-time, no see
Hey there -Hey there - He is… - Hey …
Hey man -Hey man - She is …
What’s up? -Nothing. you? It’s been ages

What’s new? -not much.
What’s going -Hey, what’s new
on? with you?
-Oh, you know,
same old, same
old.
How’s -Good. you? Where have you
everything? -Not bad been hiding?
How are things?
How is life?
Exercise 1: complete the following dialog:
S1: Hello, my name is Luisa. What ____________________?

S2:_______________ Luisa. I’m______________. How _____________?
S1: I’m ________________, thanks. And you?
S2: ___________, nice to meet you.
S1: _______________, I gotta go.
S2: see you ___________________.
S1: have a _________________.
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Exercise 2: Write two different dialogs between two or three people using formal and
formal greetings:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ .
Exercise 3: Work with a classmate or friend and make a small dialog to practice
different greetings.
Hello Hi.
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The English Alphabet.
The Alphabet is a system of writing in which each symbol ideally represents one
sound unit in the spoken language.
Exercise 1: Write the lower case (or small) letter of each letter of the alphabet into
the box below: Upper case (or capital) letters:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Pronunciation of each letter of the alphabet into the box below:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
/ei/ /bi/ /si/ /di/ /i/ /ef/ /yi/ /eich/ /ai/ /yei/ /kei/ /el/ /em/
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
/en/ /ou/ /pi/ /kiú/ /ar/ /es/ /ti/ /iú/ /vi/ /dábliu/ /eks/ /uái/ /zed/
Exercise 2:
 Spell your first name:

 Spell the name of your street:
 Spell your teacher’s name:
 Spell your surname:
 Spell the name of your city:
 Spell your nationality:
 Spell your father’s occupation:
 Spell your middle name:
 Spell your mother’s favourite colour:
 Spell your favourite sport:
 Spell your favourite subject:
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Member of de Family. an individual forming part of a family.
Exercise 1: write the translation of each member of the family into de box below
MEMBER PRONUN CIATION SPANISH
Grandmother /grándmáÐer/
Grandfather /grándfáÐer/
Grandson /Gránsón/
Granddaughter /grándoter/
Mother /máÐer/
Father /fáÐer/
Uncle /ánkol/
Aunt /ant/
Brother /bróÐer/
Sister /síster/
Cousin /cósin/
Nephew /nèfiu/
Niece /níis/
Daughter /dóter/
Son /són/
Husband /jásband/
Wife /wáif/
Father-in-law /faÐer-in-loo/
Mother-in-law /móÐer-in- loo/
Sister-in-law /sister-in-loo/
Brother-in-law /bróÐer-in-loo/
Exercise 2: Write in your notebook about your family.
Examples: My mother’s name is Ana
Exercise 3: Practice with your friends asking them about their family.
Example:
Question: who is your mother?
Answer: My mother is …
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Numbers A number is a mathematical unit used to count or express an amount, quantity
Exercise 1: Write in English the following numbers.
NUMBER PRONUNCIATION SPANISH

Exercise 2:
1 Ask your friends and write down

2 about their age, their lucky number
3
and their phone number.
4 Examples:
5
Question:
6
How old are you?
7
Answer:
8 I am thirty years old.
9
10
Question:
what is your lucky number?
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Answer:
12
my lucky number is twelve.
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14 Question:
15 What is your phone number?
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Answer:
my phone number is 320 240 2311
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18 _____________________________________
19 _____________________________________
20 _____________________________________
30 _____________________________________
40
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
50
_____________________________________
60
_____________________________________
70
_____________________________________
80 _____________________________________
90 _____________________________________
100 _____________________________________
1.000 _____________________________________
100.000
1.000.000
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Days of the Week.
Names of a division, or period of 24 hours.
Exercise 1: write in Spanish each day of the week
DAY OF THE PRONUNCIATION SPANISH Write in English and in the correct

WEEK order the days of the week.
Sunday / Sándey /
_________________________
Tuesday /tchúsdei /
_________________________
Monday / Mándei /
__________________________
Friday / fráidei / __________________________
Wednesday / wènsdei / __________________________
Thursday / Ðèrsdei / ___________________________
Saturday / sátudei / ___________________________
Exercise 2: Fill in each blank with
the correct day of the week.
Answer the questions:

what is your favourite day of
the week?
______________________________
How do you spell FRIDAY?

______________________________
What is your mother’s favourite

day of the week?
_____________________________
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MONTH PRONUN CIATION SPANISH
January /yanuari/
Months of the Year.
February /fèbruari/
Names of the 12 parts, into March /march/
which the calendar year is April /èiprol/
divided. May /mèi/
June /yúun/
Exercise 1: write the translation of
July /yulai/
each month of the year into the
box below. August /ógest/
September /septèmber/
October /octóuber/
November /novèmber/
December /disèmber/
Exercise1: When were these people born? Complete the sentences with the correct
month.
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Colours
Colour is an adjective and a
quality of an object.
Exercise1: Read and color.
Sunday yellow
Monday green
Tuesday brown
Wednesday purple
Thursday light green
Friday blue
Saturday orange
Exercise 2: ask your friends or classmates about their favourite colour.
Question: What is your favourite colour? /wat is iúr fèivrit cólor/
Answer: My favourite colour is_____________ .. /mai feivrit cólor is .. /
Exercise 3: Ask questions about different things and colours.
Question: What colour is your house? /wat color is iúr jaus/
Answer: my house is ___________________ /mai jaus is…/
Question: What colour is your pen? /wat color is iúr pen/?
Answer: my pen is _______________ /mai pen is…/
Make more examples: _______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Common words.
words you might use frequently
Pen Pencil
/pen/ /pensol/
Boy Girl
/bói/ /guérl/
Book Notebook
/buk/ /noutbuk/
Teacher Student
/ tícher/ /stiudnt/
Eraser Marker
/irèisa/ /márker/
Door Window
/door/ /windouw/
Computer Mobile Phone
/compíuta/ /moubaíl fóun/
Desk Chair
/desk/ /chèe/
Television Radio
/televishon/ /reidiou/
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Places. A place is a particular portion of space. Here you will see some examples:
Airport /èrport/ Bus Stop /bás stop/ Cemetery /cèmeteri/
Park /park/ Stadium /stèdiam/ University /yuniversití/
Apartment /apárment/ b Restaurant /restórant/ Shopping Centre /shóping centèr/
Supermarket / Supermarket/ Art Gallery /art galery/
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Bank /bank/ Cafe /café/ Church /church/
Cinema /cinema/ Garage /gárach/ Gym /yím/
School /skúl/ Hotel /jotèl/ Pharmacy /fármaci/
Hospital /jóspitol/ Police Station /polís stèshon/ Library /laibrári/
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Professions/Occupations. Any activity that a person does.
Fire fighter hairdresser Doctor Dentist Cook

/fáiar fáiter/ /jerdresser/ /dóctor/ /dentíst/ /kuk/
Pilot pastry chef mechanic waiter barber

/pailo/ /peistrí chef/ /mecanic/ /wèiter/ /barbèr/
Nurse painter Postman Gardener Teacher

/ners/ /peintèr/ /poustman/ /gardnèr/ /tícher/
Singer /sín-er/ butcher /bótsher/ soldier /soulyá/ vet /vet/ architect /árkitekt
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Carpenter Electricia photographer police officer shop assistant
/kárpenter/ /elektríshn/ / fotografer/ /polís ófiser/ /shop asístant/
Bartender bus driver receptionist farmer manager

/bár-tènder/ /bás dráiver/ /risèpshonist/ /farmer/ /máneyer/
Locksmith /loksmiz/ housekeeper /jáuskiper/ travel agent /travól eiyent/
Engineer /endginiar/ footballer /futbólar/ lawer /lóyar/ judge /yash/
Exercise 1: Practice the pronunciation of the images above.

Exercise 2: Write and ask your relatives or friends about where they work.
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Adjectives. Class of words that describe nouns.
Exercise: Complete the box bellow with the missing information.
ADJECTIVE PRONUN SPANISH OPPOSITE PRONUN SPANISH

CIATION CIATION
Good Bad
Beautiful Ugly
Handsome Ugly
Tall Short
Large Small
High Low
heavy Light
Thick Thin
Wide Narrow
Deep Shallow
Dry Wet
Old New/ Young
Intelligent Dumb
Dark Bright
Near Far
Full/ Busy Empty
Easy Difficult
Cold Hot
Happy Sad
Strong Weak
Rich Poor
Expensive Cheap
Chubby Skinny
Loud Quiet
Slow Fast
Clean Dirty
Hard Soft
Long Short
Big Small
Comfortable Uncomfortable
Interesting Boring
Alive Dead
Late Early
Sour Sweet
Salty Bland
Bitter Sweet
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Exercise: Read the adjectives and write them in the correct box.
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Personal Pronouns (subject and object) and Possessive Adjectives.
Pronoun (subject): is any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper

noun as a sentence’s subject. it takes the place of a noun as the subject of a
sentence, it is both a personal pronoun and a subject pronoun. In essence, the
subject does the action of the sentence.
Pronoun (object): is when a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a

verb, or when it is used as the object of a preposition. It’s any pronoun that is
affected by the action the subject of the sentence takes.
IMPORTANT.
Sometimes it can be difficult to tell the difference between subject and object
pronouns. It can be helpful to remember that a subject is what a sentence is
about, while an object is affected by the action of the subject.
Possessive Adjectives: They show to whom things belong.
Exercise 1: complete the box with the translation of each personal pronoun
and possessive adjective.
Subject Spanish Object Spanish Possessive Spanish

pronoun pronoun adjective
I me my
you you your
he him his
she her her
it it its
we us our
you you your
they them their
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Examples:
I am a Teacher Juan knows me. My name is Camilo.

You are a student she wants to see you. Your English is good.
He is intelligent I told you that. His favourite subject is maths.
She is at home you like her. Her house is big.
It is a big cell phone nice camera! you can have it. its camera is very good.
We are in the Park vegetables are good for us. Our bicycles are nice.
You are architects I see you. Your buildings are very tall.
They are at work where is Tania? Ask them. What is their e-mail address?
Exercise 2: Match the pronouns in A to the possessive adjective in B and to the pronoun in C:
C A B
Them I your
her You its
it He our
his She my
us It her
me We their
you They his.
Exercise 3: write down some sentences using each pronoun and possessive adjective.
12- _____________________________________
1- _____________________________________
13- _____________________________________
2- _____________________________________
14- _____________________________________
3- _____________________________________
15- _____________________________________
4- _____________________________________
16- _____________________________________
5- _____________________________________
17- _____________________________________
6- _____________________________________
18- _____________________________________
7- _____________________________________
19- _____________________________________
8- _____________________________________
20- _____________________________________
9- _____________________________________
21- _____________________________________
10- _____________________________________
22- _____________________________________
11- _____________________________________
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Simple Present with “Be”
NOTE:
The Complement can be a Place, can be
an Adjective or can be a Profession / Occupation.
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Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps with the present form of the verb to be (am, is, are):
1. Katheryn my friend, she in my class.

2. I at the University and I twenty years old.
3. Andres, Danilo and Juan so happy, they _ at the cinema.
4. Tokyo a nice city, it _ in Japan.
5. Daniela, Carol and I in Bogotá, We good friends.
6. Carlos a good student, he in the library.
7. You in the army, you very strong.
Exercise 2: Write 8 affirmative sentences, 8 negative sentences and 8 questions in

present simple with verb to be using all vocabulary seen before. (Adjectives, places,
occupations or professions and articles).
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________ 1. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________ 4. _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________ 5. _____________________________________
7. _____________________________________ 6. _____________________________________
8. _____________________________________ 7. _____________________________________
1- _____________________________________ 8. _____________________________________
2- _____________________________________
3- _____________________________________
4- _____________________________________
5- _____________________________________
6- _____________________________________
7- _____________________________________
8- _____________________________________
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The indefinite article. a / an
EXAMPLES
I went for a movie.
This is a pen.
She is an engineer
I’ve have made a great movie.
She is a shy girl
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The definite article The
Use:
1-. With Inventions.
9-. Cinemas.
When was the telephone invented? The Primavera Urbana,
Tesla invented the Radio. The Odeon.
2-. Species of animal.

10-. Theatres.
The domestic cat lives with humans,
The Cristobal Colon,
The great white shark is very famous.
The Mayor.
11-. Newspapers.
3-. Oceans and Seas.
The Wall Street Journal,
The Pacific Ocean,
The New York Times.
The Caribbean Sea.
12-. Areas.
4-. Mountain Ranges
The South,
The Andes
The northwest.
The Alps.
5-. Island groups.
13-. National groups.
The Galapagos islands,
The Cayman Is lands. The Welsh,
The British.
6-. Rivers.
14-. Only one thing.
The Amazon,
The Mississippi The Moon,
7-. Deserts. The World.
The Sahara, 15-. With Superlatives.

The Patagonian.
The tallest,
8-. Hotels. The most beautiful.
The Meta,
The Beverly Hills.
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Countries and Nationalities.
Country: is a state or nation.
Nationality: people who belong to a nation.
Exercise 1: write the translation of each country and nationality into the following table:
COUNTRY PRONUNCIATION NATIONALITY PRONUNCIATION SPANISH
Afghanistan /afgánistan/ Afghan /áfgan/
Argentina /ardchentína/ Argentinian /ardchentínian/
Australia /ostréilia/ Australian /ostréilian/
Austria /óstria/ Austrian /óstrian/
Belgium /bélchom/ Belgian /béldchan/
Bolivia /bolíivia/ Bolivian /bolíivian/
Brazil /brasíl/ Brazilian /brasílian/
Bulgaria /balguéria/ Bulgarian /balguérian/
Canada /kánada/ Canadian /kanéidian/
Chile /chíli/ Chilean /chílian/
China /cháina/ Chinese /chainíis/
Colombia /kolómbia/ Colombian /kolómbian/
Costa Rica /kostaríka/ Costa Rican /kostaríikan/
Cuba /kiúba/ Cuban /kiúban/
Denmark /dénmark/ Danish /déinish/
Dominican /domínikan Dominican /domínikan/
Republic ripáblik/
Ecuador /ékuador/ Ecuadorean /ekuadórian/
Egypt /ídchipt/ Egyptian /idchípshan/
Englan /(íngland/ English /ínglish/
Finland /fínland/ Finnish /finish/
France /fráns/ French /frénch/
Germany /dchérmani/ German /dchérman/
Greece /gríis/ Greek /gríik/
Greenland /gríinland/ Greenlander /grinlánder/
Guatemala /guatemála/ Guatemalan /guatemálan/
Haiti /héiti/ Haitian /héishan/
Hawaii /hauái/ Hawaiian /hauáian/
India /índia/ Indian /índian/
Indonesia /indounísha/ Indonesian /indouníshan/
Iran /irán/ Iranian /iránian/
Iraq /irák/ Iraqui /iráki/
Ireland /áirland/ Irish /áirish/
Israel /ísrael/ Israeli /isréli/
Italy /ítali/ Italian /itálian/
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COUNTRY PRONUNCIATION NATIONALITY PRONUNCIATION SPANISH
Japan /dchapán/ Japanese /dchapaníis/
Korea /koría/ korean /korían/
Lebanon /lébanon/ Lebanese /lebaníis/
Malaysia /maléisha/ Malaysian /maléishan/
Malta /mólta/ Maltese /moltíis/
Mexico /méksikou/ Mexican /méksikan/
Morocco /morókou/ Moroccan /morókan/
Nepal /nepál/ Nepalese /nepalíis/
Netherlands /néderlands/ Dutch /dách/
Nigeria /naidchíiria/ Nigerian /naidchírian/
Norway /nóorwei/ Norwegian /norwídchan/
Pakistan /pákistan/ Pakistani /pakistáni/
Palestine /pálestain/ Palestinian /palestínian/
Panama /panama/ Panamanian /panaménian/
Paraguay /páraguai/ Paraguayan /paraguáian/
Peru /perú/ Peruvian /perúvian/
Philipines /filipíns/ Filipino /filipínou/
Poland /póuland/ Polish /polish/
Portugal /pórchugal/ Portuguese /porchuguíis/
Rumania /ruméinia/ Rumanian /ruméinian/
Russia /rásha/ Russian /ráshan/
Scotland /skótland/ Scottish /skótish/
Singapore /síngapur/ Singaporean /singaporéan/
Spain /spéin/ Spanish /spánish/
Sweden /suíiden/ Swedish /suídish/
Switzerland /suítserland/ Swiss /suíis/
Syria /síria/ Syrian /sírian/
Tahiti /tahíti/ Tahitian /tahítian/
Thailand /táiland/ Thai /tái/
Tunisia /tunísha/ Tunisian /tuníshan/
Turkey /térki/ Turkish /térkish/
Ukraine /iukréin/ Ukrainian /iukréinian/
United /iunáited British /brítish/
Kingdom kingdom/
United States /iunáited American /amérikan/
stéits/
Uruguay /iúruguai/ Uruguayan /iuruguáian/
Venezuela /venesuéla/ Venezuelan /venesuélan/
Vietnam /vietnám/ Vietnamese /vietnamíis/
30
Demonstrative Adjectives.
They demonstrate a quality about the noun they modify, in this case the location in
respect to the speaker or the listener.
IMPORTANT.
Use that with Use that with Use this is and is that? Use this is to introduce
something that has something that On the phone. people.
happened. someone has just said.
Example: this is Example: hi Cristian,
Example: Example: She is going Camilo. (speaker) this is Carolina.
that was a nice on holiday tomorrow. Is that Andrea? (the
breakfast. That’s nice. other person).
31
Exercise 1: fill in the gaps with the correct demonstrative adjective
Exercise 2: write down some sentences using demonstrative adjectives and vocabulary
seen before.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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Fruits. any product of plant growth useful to humans or animals.
almonds /ámonds/ apple/ápl/ apricot /apricot/ avocado /avocádou/
Banana /banana/ blackberry /blák bérri/ cherry /chérri/ coconut /kóukonat/
grapes /gréips/ hazelnuts /héizelnats/ lemon /lemon/ lime /láim/
mango /mángou/ melon /mélon/ orange /órendch/ papaya /papáia/
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peach /píich/ peanuts /pínats/ pear /pear/ pineapple /páinápl/
plum/(plam/ raspberry /rásp-bérri/ strawberry /stróberri/
tangerine /tándcherin/ watermelon /wótermélon/ seed/síid/
34
Vegetables. any seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, or flower parts are used as
food.
Artichoke/(árti-chóuk/ asparagus /aspáragos/ beans /bíins/ beet/bít/
Capsicum/pepper broad beans broccoli /broccoli/ Brussels sprouts
/kapsikum/péper/ /bróod bíins/ /brásels spráuts/
cabbage /kábedch/ carrot /kárrot/ cauliflower /kóli-fláuer/ celery /séleri/
35
chard /chard/ chick peas /chik píis/ cucumber/kiúcomber/ eggplant/égplant/
Mushrooms/másh-rúms/ onion /ónion/ parsley /pársli/ peas /píis/
potato /potéitou/ pumpkin /pumpkin/ spinach /spínidch/ squash /skuósh/
string beans /stríng bins/ corn /kórn/ tomato /tomátou/ zucchini /sukíni/
36
Exercise 1: write 10 sentences using fruits, vegetables, demonstrative adjectives and
adjectives to describe them.
Example: this apple is very red.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
Nouns.
Are words that can function as the subject or object in a sentence or phrase, and
typically refer to persons, places, animals, things, states, or qualities.
37
Common nouns are words used to name general items.
Examples:
People. Artist, baby, cook, dentist, giant, judge, lawyer, man, nurse, police officer, etc.
Animals. Hen, duck, fish, parrot, zebra, dolphin, horse, whale, bear, goose, cow, shark..
Places. Farm, hill, hotel, church, shop, zoo, library, park, restaurant, mountain, house..
Things. Door, picture, blanket, chair, desk, cup, radio, television, box, ladder, bag, etc.
Proper nouns are words used to name particular or specific items.

Examples:
People. Omar, Carlos, Carolina, Danna, Antonio, etc.
Countries. America, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, etc.
Cities/tows/buildings/landmarks. Hong Kong, Big Ben, The Grand Canyon, etc.
Days of the week/months of the year. Saturday, June, etc.
Mountains/seas/rivers/lakes. The Alps, The Thames, The Pacific Ocean, etc.
Festivals/special events/holidays. Halloween, Christmas, Valentine’s day, etc.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns.

Countable nouns are things we can count.
Example: dog/dogs
My brother has a dog. My sister has two dogs.

 Other examples of countable nouns:
Things: book, table, computer, banana, shirt, television, house.
People: man, woman, child, friend, sister, uncle, teacher, boss.
Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count, or can’t divide into separate parts:
Examples:
Liquids and some foods: water, butter, rice, flour, milk.

Ideas and concepts: love, fun, work, money, peace, safety.
Information: advice, information, news, knowledge.
Categories: music, furniture, equipment, jewellery, meat.
Exercise: Complete the table with different countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
38
There is and there are.
They are used to indicate that something exists.
39
Exercise: write down sentences about the picture using there is and there are:
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
40
Wh Questions.
We use word such as What, When, Where, Why, Which, How, etc. to get more
information when we ask a question and we locate them at the beginning of the
question.
IMPORTANT.
We normally use How with

adjectives and adverbs such
as old, quickly, far. Well, etc.
Examples:
How old = we use it to obtain
somebody’s age.
How much = we use it to
obtain a quantity or a price
(uncountable nouns).
How many = we use it to
obtain a quantity (countable nouns).
How often = we use it to
obtain the frequency that
somebody does something.
How far = we use it to obtain
a distance.
Exercise: Write 4 questions using WH
1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
41
Prepositions of place
at in on
Examples:
The ball is in the box.
The ball is on the box.
The car is at the traffic light.
42
Exercise: Complete the sentence with the correct preposition.
43
Body Parts:
Exercise 1: Draw a line from each label to the right part of the body
44
Exercise 2: write in Spanish each part of the body.
abdomen /abdomen/ :______________________: ears /íars/ :________________________:

ankle /ánkl// :________________________: elbow /élbou/:________________________:
appendix /appendix/ :________________________: eyebrows /áibráus/ :________________________:
arm /áarm/ :________________________: eyelashes /áiláshis/:________________________:
armpit /áarmpit/ :________________________: eyelids /áilids/:________________________:
artery /árteri/ :________________________: eyes /áis/:________________________:
back /bák/ :________________________: face /féis/ :________________________:
beard /bíerd/ :________________________: feet /fíit/:________________________:
belly /béli/ :________________________: fingers /fínguers/ :________________________:
bladder /bláder/ :________________________: flesh /flesh/:________________________:
blood /bláad/ :________________________: foot /fút/:________________________:
bones /bóuns/ :________________________: forearm /fóorárm/:________________________:
bottom /bótom/ :________________________: forehead /fór hed/ :________________________:
bowels /báuels/ :________________________: genitals /dchénitals:________________________:
brain /bréin/:________________________: hair /héer/:________________________:
breasts /brésts/:________________________: hand /hand/:________________________:
bust /bást/:________________________: head /héd/ :________________________:
buttocks /bátoks/:________________________: heart /hart/ :________________________:
calf /kaaf/:________________________: heel /híil/:________________________:
cheekbones /chíikbóuns/:____________________: hips /hips/:________________________:
cheeks /chíiks/:________________________: instep /instep/:________________________:
chest /chest/:________________________: intestines /intéstins/:________________________:
chin /chin/ :________________________:
kidneys /kídnis/ ________________________: navel /néivl/ ________________________:

knee /níi/________________________: neck /nék/________________________:
knuckles /nákls/________________________: nipples /nípls/________________________:
leg /leg/________________________: palm /páam/________________________:
limbs /limbs/________________________: penis /pínis/ ________________________:
lips /lips/________________________: rib /rib/________________________:
liver /liver/________________________: shin /shin/_______________________:
lungs /lángs/________________________: skull /skál/ ________________________:
moustache /mostásh/ ________________________: stomach /stómak/ ________________________:
mouth /máuz/ ________________________: teeth /tíiz/ ________________________:
muscles /másls/________________________: toes /tóus/________________________:
nails /néils/ ________________________: tongue /tóng/________________________:
nape /néip/ ________________________: tooth /túth/________________________:
45
Prepositions of time.
46
Exercise 1: Fill in the sentences with the preposition in, on, at.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with: in, on, at.
47
Present continuous tense
We use it for actions going on in the moment of speaking, for actions taking place only
for a short period of time and used to express development and actions that are
arranged for the near future
48
How to change infinitive verbs to gerund verbs.
Exercise 1: Add the ending -ing to the infinitive of the verb
go → __________________________ pay → __________________________
call → __________________________ come → __________________________
swim → __________________________ carry → __________________________
meet → __________________________ smile → __________________________
climb → __________________________ cut → __________________________
49
Exercise 1: Complete with the negative and the question in present progressive tense
He is eating now.
He is not eating now.
Is he eating now?
They are singing.

_______________________________
_______________________________?
They are celebrating.
_______________________________
_______________________________?
The baby is sleeping.

_______________________________
_______________________________?
He is riding a bike.
_______________________________
_______________________________?
They are playing

_______________________________
_______________________________?
It is raining now.
_______________________________
_______________________________?
50
Present simple tense vs present continuous tense
Exercise 1: Write sentences about what they are doing, use present continuous for
each picture:
51
Simple present with other verbs.
We use this tense to talk about an action in the present taking place regularly, never or
several times. It is also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions
that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple present also expresses facts in the
present
52
Exercise 1: Change the verb into the correct form
1. I usually _________ (go) to school.

2. They ___________ (visit) us often.
3. You ___________ (play) basketball once a week.
4. Tom ___________ (work) every day.
5. He always __________(tell) us funny stories.
6. She never __________ (help) me with that!
7. Martha and Kevin___________ (swim) twice a week.
8. In this club people usually__________ (dance) a lot.
9. Linda___________ (take care) of her sister.
10. John rarely_____________ (leave) the country.
11. We__________ (live) in the city most of the year.
12. Lorie____________ (travel) to Paris every Sunday.
13. I_____________ (bake) cookies twice a month.
14. You always___________ (teach) me new things.
15. She_________ (help) the kids of the neighborhood.
Exercise 2: Complete the table with the correct form of the simple present.
PRONOUN AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I I work.
he He doesn’t dance.
you do you sing?
it does it work?
we We do not fix cars.
She She eats meat.
they They do not read.
you You watch tv.
53
Food/ Meals.
Exercise: write in Spanish the next vocabulary:
Bacon /béikn/ ribs /ribs/

beef /bííf/ roast beef /róust-bíf/
black pudding /blák púding/ roasted /róustid/
blood sausage /blód sósidch/ salad /salad/
breast /brést/ salami /salami/
canneloni /kanelóni/ sauce /sóos/
cheese /chíis/ sausage /sósidch/
cheeseburger /chíis-bérguer/ scrambled eggs /skrámbld éggs/
chicken /chíken/ soup /súp/
chips /chips/ spaghetti /spaguéri/
chop /chop/ steak /stéik/
dessert /disért/ stew /stiú/
french fries /french fráis/ tomato sauce /toméitou sóos/
fried chicken /fráid chíken/ tongue /tang/
goat /gout/ tripe /tráip/
grilled /grild/ turkey /térki/
ham /hám/ vegetables /védchetabls/
hamburger /hámberguer/
hot dog /hot dog/
kidneys /kídnis/ Sea food
lamb /lam/ fried shrimps /fráid shrimps/
lasagne /lasáni/ king prawn /king prón/
liver /liver/ lobster /lobster/
macaroni /mákaroni/ mussel /másel/
mashed potatoes /másht octopus /óktopus/
potéitous/ oyster /óister/
mayonnaise /meionéis/ prawns /próons/
meatballs /mítbols/ salmon /sáamon/
medium rare /mídiom réer/ sardines /sardíns/
noodles /núudls/ shark /shark/
omelet /ómlit/ shellfish /shélfish/
pasta /pásta/ shrimp /shrimp/
pizza /pítza/ snail /snéil/
pork /póork/ squid /skuíd/
pork chops /pork chops/ trout /tráut/
pork sausage /pórk sósidch/ tuna /tiúna/
ravioli /ravioli/
rare /rear/
54
Drinks and Beverages. flamingo /flamíngou/
goose /gúus/
apple juice /ápl dchúus/ hen /hen/
brown beer /bráun bíar/ heron /heron/
can of Coke /kan óv kóuk/ hummingbird /háming berd/
champagne /shampéin/ ostrich /ostrich/
cider /sáider/ owl /ául/
coffee /kófi/ parrot /parrot/
gin /gín/ peacock /píkok/
hot chocolate /jót chóklit pelican /pelican/
/ juice /yúus/ penguin /péngüin/
lemonade /lémonéid/ pigeon /pídyin/
light soda /laít sóuda/ rooster /rúuster/
liqueur /likér/ seagull/(sígal/
milkshake /mílkshéik/ swan /suán/
orange juice /órendch yúus/ turkey /térki/
pineapple juice /páinapol yúus/ woodpecker /wúudpéker/
red wine /red uáin/
rum /ram/
soda /sóuda/ Insects and reptiles.
soft drink /sóft drink/
sparkling water /spárklin uóter/ alligator (áligueitor)
still water /stíl wóter/ ant (ant)
tea /tíi/ bedbug (bédbag)
vodka /vodka/ bee (bíi)
water /uóter/ beetle (bíitl)
whisky /wíski/ butterfly (báterflai)
white wine /wáit wáin/ caterpillar (káterpilar)
wine /wáin/ centipede (séntipid)
chameleon (kamílion)
cricket (críkit)
Animals. crocodile (crókodail)
blackbird /blákberd/ dragonfly (drágonflai)
canary /canéri/ earthworm (érz-uórm)
chick /chik/ firefly (fáier flái)
chicken /chíken/ flea (flíi)
cockatoo /kókatu/ fly (flái)
condor /kóndo/ frog (fróg)
crow /cróu/ iguana (iguána)
duck /dák/ ladybird (léidibérd)
eagle /ígol/ ladybug (léidi bag)
lizard (lísard)
falcon /falcon/
55
Mammals. zebra (síbra)
anteater (ánt íter) Fish and sea animals.

antelope (ántiloup)
bat (bát) catfish (kátfish)
bear (béer) crab (krab)
buffalo (báfalou) crocodile (crókodail)
bull (bul) dolphin (dólfin)
calf (káf) frog (fróg)
camel (kámel) jellyfish (dchéli fish)
cat (kat) killerwhale (kíler uéil)
cheetah (chíita) lobster (lóbster)
chimpanzee (chimpansí) octopus (óktopus)
cow (káu) oyster (óister)
deer (díer) ray (réi)
dog (dog) salmon (sámon)
donkey (dónki) sardine (sardín)
elephant (élefant) seahorse (síi-jors)
fox (fox) seal (síil)
gazelle (gassél) shark (shárk)
giraffe (dchiráf) shell (shél)
goat (góut) shrimp (shrímp)
gorilla (goríla) slug (slág)
hippopotamus (hipopótamus) snail (snéil)
horse (hórs) squid (skuíd)
hyena (haína) starfish (stárfish)
leopard (lépard) toad (tóud)
lion (láion) trout (tráut)
monkey (mónki) tuna (tiúna)
moose (múus) turtle (tértl)
mouse (máus) walrus (uólras)
ox (óks) whale (uéil)
pig (pig)
rabbit (rábit)
rat (rat)
rhinoceros (rainóceros)
seal (síil)
sheep (shíip)
squirrel (skwúrrl)
tiger /taiger/
wolf (wúlf)
56
Regular verbs
No. INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH.
SIMPLE
1 achieve achieved achieved
2 admit admitted admitted
3 advise advised advised
4 agree agreed agreed
5 annoy annoyed annoyed
6 answer answered answered
7 apologize apologized apologized
8 argue argued argued
9 arrive arrived arrived
10 ask asked asked
11 attack attacked attacked
12 avoid avoided avoided
13 bake baked baked
14 believe believed believed
15 boil boiled boiled
16 borrow borrowed borrowed
17 breathe breathed breathed
18 brush brushed brushed
19 call called called
20 cancel cancelled cancelled
21 care cared cared
22 carry carried carried
23 change changed changed
24 cheat cheated cheated
25 check checked checked
26 chop chopped chopped
27 clean cleaned cleaned
28 climb climbed climbed
29 close closed closed
30 comb combed combed
31 complain complained complained
32 cook cooked cooked
33 cross crossed crossed
34 cry cried cried
35 dance danced danced
36 decide decided decided
57
37 delete deleted deleted
38 deny denied denied
39 develop developed developed
40 die died died
41 earn earned earned
42 end ended ended
43 enjoy enjoyed enjoyed
44 exercise exercise exercise
45 explain explained explained
46 fail failed failed
47 fill filled filled
48 finish finished finished
49 fix fixed fixed
50 follow followed followed
51 guess guessed guessed
52 happen happened happened
53 hate hated hated
54 help helped helped
55 hurry hurried hurried
56 ignore ignored ignored
57 imagine imagined imagined
58 improve improved improved
59 introduce introduced introduced
60 jog jogged jogged
61 join joined joined
62 joke joked joked
63 jump jumped jumped
64 kick kicked kicked
65 kill killed killed
66 kiss kissed kissed
67 knock knocked knocked
68 laugh laughed laughed
69 lie lied/lay lied/lain
70 like liked liked
71 listen (to) listened (to) listened (to)
72 live lived lived
73 lock locked locked
74 look after looked after looked after
75 look at looked at looked at
76 look for looked for looked for
77 look like looked like looked like
58
78 love loved loved
79 marry married married
80 miss missed missed
81 need needed needed
82 open opened opened
83 pack packed packed
84 paint painted painted
85 pass passed passed
86 pause paused paused
87 phone phoned phoned
88 pick picked picked
89 plan planned planned
90 play played played
91 prefer preferred preferred
92 prepare prepared prepared
93 press pressed pressed
94 pretend pretended pretended
95 protect protected protected
96 provide provided provided
97 pull pulled pulled
98 push pushed pushed
99 rain rained rained
100 regret regretted regretted
101 remember remembered remembered
102 repair repaired repaired
103 repeat repeated repeated
104 rest rested rested
105 return returned returned
106 save saved saved
107 scare scared scared
108 scream screamed screamed
109 search searched searched
110 seem seemed seemed
111 share shared shared
112 smell smelled smelled
113 smile smiled smiled
114 snow snowed snowed
115 start started started
116 stay stayed stayed
117 step stepped stepped
118 stop stopped stopped
59
119 study studied studied
120 talk talked talked
121 tidy up tidied up tidied up
122 tie tied tied
123 touch touched touched
124 train trained trained
125 travel travelled travelled
126 try tried tried
127 turn turned turned
128 use used used
129 visit visited visited
130 wait waited waited
131 walk walked walked
132 want wanted wanted
133 wash washed washed
134 wash up washed up washed up
135 waste wasted wasted
136 watch watched watched
137 wish wished wished
138 wonder wondered wondered
139 work worked worked
140 worry worried worried
Irregular Verbs.
No. INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION.
1 be was/were been
2 become became become
3 begin began begun
4 bend bent bent
5 bet bet bet
6 bite Bit bitten
7 bleed bled bled
8 blow blew blown
9 break broke broken
10 bring brought brought
11 build built built
12 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
13 burst burst burst
14 buy bought bought
15 catch caught caught
16 choose chose chosen
60
17 come came come
18 cost cost cost
19 creep crept crept
20 cut cut cut
21 dig dug dug
22 do did done
23 draw drew drawn
24 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
25 drink drank drunk
26 drive drove driven
27 eat ate eaten
28 fall fell fallen
29 feed fed fed
30 feel felt felt
31 fight fought fought
32 find found found
33 fly flew flown
34 forget forgot forgotten
35 forgive forgave forgiven
36 freeze froze frozen
37 get got got/gotten
38 give gave given
39 go went gone
40 grow grew grown
41 hang hanged/hung hanged/hung
42 have had had
43 hear heard heard
44 hide hid hidden
45 hit hit hit
46 hold held held
47 hurt hurt hurt
48 keep kept kept
49 know knew known
50 lay laid laid
51 lead led led
52 leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt
53 leave left left
54 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
55 lend lent lent
56 let let let
57 lose lost lost
61
58 make made made
59 mean meant meant
60 meet met met
61 pay paid paid
62 put put put
63 read read read
64 ride rode ridden
65 ring rang rung
66 rise rose risen
67 run ran run
68 say said said
69 see saw seen
70 seek sought sought
71 sell sold sold
72 send sent sent
73 set set set
74 shake shook Shaken
75 shine shined/shone shined/shone
76 show showed shown/showed
77 shrink shrank/shrunk Shrunk
78 shut shut shut
79 sing sang sung
80 sink sank sunk
81 sit sat sat
82 sleep slept slept
83 slide slid slid
84 speak spoke spoken
85 spend spent spent
86 spin spun spun
87 spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
88 spread spread spread
89 stand stood stood
90 steal stole stolen
91 stick stuck stuck
92 sting stung stung
93 stink stank stunk
94 swear swore sworn
95 sweep swept swept
96 swim swam swum
97 swing swung swung
98 take took taken
62
99 teach taught taught
100 tear tore torn

101 tell told told
102 think thought thought
103 throw threw thrown
104 understand understood understood
105 undo undid undone
106 wake woke woken
107 wear wore worn
108 win won Won
109 Write wrote Written
63

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PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO

OMAR GUALTEROS VILLARREAL

MARIA ALEJANDRA GUALTEROS ALVARADO

OLGA LUCIA ALVARADO OLARTE

GERARDO MARTIN ALVARADO OLARTE

LINA PAOLA RODRIGUEZ

Formal Introductions Long-time not Formal

Good May I introduce -Pleased to -What a pleasant -Nice to have

Long-time not seeing

What’s up? -Nothing. you? It’s been ages

Exercise 1: complete the following dialog:

S1: Hello, my name is Luisa. What ____________________?

Pronunciation of each letter of the alphabet into the box below:

 Spell your first name:

MEMBER PRONUN CIATION SPANISH

Exercise 2: Write in your notebook about your family.

Examples: My mother’s name is Ana

NUMBER PRONUNCIATION SPANISH

1 Ask your friends and write down

DAY OF THE PRONUNCIATION SPANISH Write in English and in the correct

Exercise 2: Fill in each blank with

the correct day of the week.

Answer the questions:

How do you spell FRIDAY?

What is your mother’s favourite

Exercise1: Read and color.

Exercise 2: ask your friends or classmates about their favourite colour.

Question: What is your favourite colour? /wat is iúr fèivrit cólor/

Answer: My favourite colour is_____________ .. /mai feivrit cólor is .. /

Exercise 3: Ask questions about different things and colours.

Question: What colour is your house? /wat color is iúr jaus/

Answer: my house is ___________________ /mai jaus is…/

Question: What colour is your pen? /wat color is iúr pen/?

Answer: my pen is _______________ /mai pen is…/

Make more examples: _______________________________________________________________________

Airport /èrport/ Bus Stop /bás stop/ Cemetery /cèmeteri/

Park /park/ Stadium /stèdiam/ University /yuniversití/

Apartment /apárment/ b Restaurant /restórant/ Shopping Centre /shóping centèr/

Supermarket / Supermarket/ Art Gallery /art galery/

Cinema /cinema/ Garage /gárach/ Gym /yím/

School /skúl/ Hotel /jotèl/ Pharmacy /fármaci/

Hospital /jóspitol/ Police Station /polís stèshon/ Library /laibrári/

Fire fighter hairdresser Doctor Dentist Cook

Pilot pastry chef mechanic waiter barber

Nurse painter Postman Gardener Teacher

Bartender bus driver receptionist farmer manager

Locksmith /loksmiz/ housekeeper /jáuskiper/ travel agent /travól eiyent/

Engineer /endginiar/ footballer /futbólar/ lawer /lóyar/ judge /yash/

Exercise 1: Practice the pronunciation of the images above.

ADJECTIVE PRONUN SPANISH OPPOSITE PRONUN SPANISH

Pronoun (subject): is any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper

Pronoun (object): is when a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a

Possessive Adjectives: They show to whom things belong.

Subject Spanish Object Spanish Possessive Spanish

you you your

she her her

you you your

they them their

I am a Teacher Juan knows me. My name is Camilo.

1. Katheryn my friend, she in my class.

Exercise 2: Write 8 affirmative sentences, 8 negative sentences and 8 questions in

I’ve have made a great movie.

She is a shy girl

abdomen /abdomen/ :: ears /íars/ :__:

kidneys /kídnis/ : navel /néivl/ :

go → pay →

call → come →

swim → carry →

meet → smile →

climb → cut →