eceNAS UREE S

ALIED

Sp3AB

Defne statieties ?
Statices may La Jafnad

re celleclusn
Sccenc
presenkalken anays and thtep retaTsn
mumesue data

E hauswe eventt event Sarc

erhauati ve wAon Theutofeuty
to be
posmble &utcEmas
tncludt all

n
omua m

h
(n-
 Rondom expeuum e r t
Detue Detre Sampl Space
CEnceVabu utcome
An experument Each
an peurment u Sample pount
dspends m chances thaE s tho
he totalty a ll host sample
and pece dnd denöad
Aesule Can't be predi clad Ponk armpe

Example bys. Fg: Tn tossin C

ceun tTane sampa pbr
Zn toCc ing a
8ettrg
Le
head ar tal can Dehne Equally Lkely Erent
predicta.d 2 0T nmore event sadd ho be enal
ukely '
each one kom has ah
Defure T rau
chane occuun
oandom expertmen
Peahomun8 Example Ln t o ssha a Cou

a Head r ta has
eutcomes 3etturn
eapal chan ce
Alul a n vondom an
Th
epemert
cons pessi b Outcomu
Ea ocS h
PAotoalry
UNIT-
Ecam pl
Defune probtentel event
Ecom pa
Cuen utcema
o AandOm erpeument pessibu Buucerne HT

Total no o
outcoisd
Defune probaluu
the poscib hat st u
Jhe probabub head
CCCsanc an event A

ai octween pers irlky thet tt= %

detunes a the

ne. fauruabu utcomes

No event A s
an event te he total utcom" The Pro balru 6ER
cal uumbej na betueen o 1L

o bab
ne fauDuAal
Le s PLA) <1
e) Outcbnmes
even A
Total me. 8utcemes
Defune muutuually Exelusi ve evernes Defur maubuol ezdun ve
and
eahoustre evers:
Jwo ewenta P and
mautuallyy ecusive A Set c event Aad lo
sad te
thhe One oe muutually ecun ve ond
an C
he ocCuR
exhaustve f al e avenk
exuude oLhe aAe mutually exuswe (i
OCcc ung me ecluds the,

Ezam pLe oChea) and

iS pess ble
pe biuy gettng head u
Eeam pla

and tal u % nd URy dhausunaa balR bas

Arenm a
4 whlE Sblue ana
each otheas ouut ceme that
cantaus
ecludes
Avells
Prd h u n ce
muutuclln 6 aed
A> dAawrng
a cwthut bel
Event
ewent vlue bell
en cluiAN B- daauwng
r ed hn l

6/t Ezampe
PCB)=
5 P Cc) = consi dea toss|na CBtns
PA)= 4/1 and
 ecludes cach ethCA Out come that Contauns 4 wl beueard

rd hence
muubuclu ed Jells

ex cluusV ewent Event daauong a cutuute bell

B doaun otue bel
daaun Aed ball
PCc 6/ts Ezampl
PCA) +/t ?B)= S/s
Consi d r
tossina CDuns
o 1
PCA)+PCB) +PCc) mut be equal gettny ttead in ancd

ofhea

PCA)+PCB)+PCC) = 5 4+ 6 cornputly andupandant each othe

Dehne Dependant rent

Jwo evenB
said to
Thus vent muuoally b depnd ant
Occuanu
exhaushre
and Ome event otapends ahtt
the occuanc othoa event.
efua ndupendant erent Exampla
Jure evets a - 8a1 d Te lee TOSIT con

Occuen ca f head aftect

ndspend ant
t oc CLLian ce o tat t
or ect
Ona dounlt dLpend an he
OccLuan ea a the foss
re oth overt
Dejun Matkmnatical pro bnbrluly Depine ttaglictzcnsy_probatrtehy,
() emphuu col probedrlt
the pro bable ly Can
th
Calculateod n befene aually probalrte
evert Can be diumine
happarung A evert
atti caleulang
dnotad cui PCA) On event then h o e
the evcnt Stousteas
Probalnu
andom peument
pmo beulrb
Asuls un 'n2aa luy kely
mukuali encusw and eMhaus v e erennt CunevenE e Occs mmes

out wtuch m s e fveuiabe out As aelalve thesuere

eventF A hen the
Gukcem
m/n
ratio us Callcd Eh
probalsluby
But when nbecemes Tecemes
event
sutb contly Aan
PCA)=m/ CeAAespedang Co ncumbea cwhuch
 A he
oretcom ch ent Then
m/
atio 'u catud tre protalulaty tcerns
But whan nbeuernez
occLULah c Cnt

nuumo wihich
PCA)=m/n CEspdrg t

a Called
(i) 2 A, h a , nc qnan u
endluwe evera tm *n
ruubol
PC AD +PPa)+ - + PtPn)
Cln> PCA, UP2 UAr))=

Iopretotto
Calkulalzd S> Sampu pate

actuas doen 'E oces

enduucing an eopeumant
b
ucaled
empoucs robaru
nuucaly erdu
AOB > aB a
Apora r balrih
Let Samp Spaca PUB Uran
B oecua
edkr A r ocen

evene

rtirseeaen
prob a evcne Po8
Nedhres Ae
nei B
cctr

c c u

A and B
AO Bo
Te
1
Tar them AaB Accns 2 B down 't
and B edua
AnB A dben ' t
Soumple space ta 1
(1 Tra frob enos
PC 4
ADD ITION TH EOREM

Defindten
Stalirenks
Los Joks a ondom

enpeounent s rdh sasrpia

) & events AB a e mubual
Spors S oN camptpor
cluue p o baJruy #u
PCAUB)= nCAUa) n()>N
Occuan u
sEFEE
Sum rdurdual poboblg nS)

A and B PlhUB) DCAUB)

N
PCPUB) =PCR)+PCB)

Spdnz tke twms

o
+
h A B) ) nCB) nCAB
n(A UB)= n A ) PCAUB nC
A
PCAUB) nCA + h AoB) = +nCB) nCAOB)
ncs)
hlS)
hS)
 puA
nCa UB)= nCA>+ hA OB) PCAUB= nCA) nCB) nCA OB
N N N
PCAUB) nCA) +h CA nB) DCAOB)
N = + CB)
ns) ocs)
>Sub
PAe).
PCB)
PLeoe) PCA) t

B) STATE MENT
tku
Pddung and Sabracna nCA nB) tn
events Aand Baa
umeakor Ih.()
eaclustve
bard +o nett MUnauly
rB
e the A
4nCAnB)- ncA nB) t n ChOB) t prob o5
PCAUB) =ncA)

ccuN ven bu
N

nIB) Ch nB) + n(h o8) PRAOB)= P CA) + PC) p CA 0B)

pAUB) =nA)4 nB)- hAnB)

N
cempeund pvobalhlulyLRne Def ine Cendliuema probaliii

The dOune OccuRanc The prob that erent B

Ao h e condtion
more nown OcCwAs subject
Cemp eund po belna that h e event
OcCuaALd
Exampu: deno tro as
P CB/A) r PCBA)

* TOSSIns c8ns
(robe ven
prob (aetins ciltase Heae
cre
head) Aano
Lscemp ovn forrob B
PBIA) =PA B) o)
Event A PCA)
P(gctr
ak eas one
hend) =
{trTy7H dupond
cm cach otF
PCAOB)
PCAIB)
Evert B PCB)
a head HHY asa I ndunerndant
p gen No T B
head kan pCA|B) PCA)
p c t a n atluas t
one

PCBIA PLB
casses can 6c
Each n) possible
each t h e n2 pessTbl
THEOREm uh
MOLTIPLILATION acocieated
unth
 PCAIB) PCOB
Event B
PCB)
p gettir heads HHy
1 Nofe Indaperdarsk
p 9 t U y atluas t ame
head kan PCA|B) PCA)
PCBLA) PLB
casses be
Each n possib can

MOLTIPLIEATtoN THEOREM acoci ate d uh each t h e h2 prabe

Caseg m Ccn be amoalud wtb

SGat T event A ang Bas m2
Anen The probeububy
hduptndant PCPA B) 5
bo D D2
trem e9ual

produuct theu n d i vdual probabluiu

n

PCRAB) PCA) PCB)

PA0B) Pte) PCB)

PCPAOBOC * ) PCA)PCB) .PCC ). .

Fvent B e
Event
hdlaPendant erenta.
Cutn 2 possi bee outcome ei
m be te posA ba ourcom mg be eke poss bte erens A and B o
Tb
t h o C e u a n ce
ntcomne Enen
dependant
6ect t k e
OCLurana
b
Cne
.PCA) .PLB) = ma otker then tku prob A ad B y

PPrnR) = PCA) PC BA)

 Prf
multzply and dm da 'm i o
Event

Sup pose an Aandom expenum.on PCA 08) =mi

exhauslive, mulually excluuune

and equallyAkrly
out comes, m mxmn
m

tR -faweua al-e Out pme of

P(nB) =
PCA) * PCBIP)
event PCA)=m/n
Event THEOR Em
BAYES

Guut dob these n ouwtCEmeA STAIE

the awpus a l l out come LetAr h 2 A , Ai,.An

Let M
PCB)= m /m
be an set a n
mulually excu
ouhd exhauue 2VCNtt and Let

PCA)pCA)

B 3
pgaetalldy epecuey 9bln
dab
anethuA eer 6uch t r a t (H HH) (NTTTT) ,(HATTT),
 uut o these n out CEme,
STAIEme
Let m be the avo olu Oucom Let 2Aa i , Pry

PtB)= m m
be excluu
n set ah mulually
bCAAB D oNd eahauw r evcnts and Le

PLA)PCA
PAetalluy nespectwely, 16 B
32
anethe eLent 6uch ,tyat

RB) et and the

(HA HH) , TTIT) ,HATT), Man
eCBIA),i I,2
n
Pmor probatdutis =

hCs)
abe Rnewn

h(h)SeHHU (rrr
Then TH HtHTAHHH)
PBP1 PCi) HH HT
PCA1B)=
K (PCPI) PCB)P;) H7 +H E)

THH HH)
sher i , 2

SUMS

fwe unbiased Ceuns

0 Tostn
fnd the Chance g e t t n heas