CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter outlines the approaches and steps employed in the study,

encompassing research design, location, participants, sampling methods, tools used,

procedures, data analysis methods, and ethical considerations.

3.2 Research Design

This research utilizes a developmental research framework. According to Richey

(n.d.), Developmental research been defined as the systematic study of designing,

developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must

meet criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness. Developmental research is

particularly important in the field of instructional technology. Additionally,

Research focused on development is said to be notably important within the

realm of educational technology. This study also utilized a widely recognized method of

developmental research known as the product-development approach, where the

created product undergoes examination, explanation, and evaluation.

Richey, R. C. (n.d.). Developmental Research: the Definition and scope. https://eric.ed.gov/?

id=ED373753
3.3 Interactive Learning Objective Development

The creation and evaluation of the Air-Conditioning System Trainer went through

three stages: Input, Process, and Output.

3.3.1 Input

The purpose of the air-conditioning system trainer is to offer students a tangible

and interactive understanding of air conditioning operations. It should be user-friendly

and simple to maintain, with the capability to replicate various environmental scenarios.

This trainer serves as an indispensable resource for educating students about air

conditioning principles. Despite initial expenses, its educational value surpasses the

costs, rendering it a valuable asset for any academic institution or training center.

3.3.1.1 Design

To ensure the air-conditioning system trainer effectively meets the learning

objectives of its intended audience, several considerations must be taken into account

during its design phase. The initial step involves selecting the specific components for

simulation, such as refrigerant lines, evaporators, compressors, and condensers.

Additionally, the layout of the trainer should be clear, well-labeled, and reflective of the

physical arrangement of real-world systems. It should prioritize user-friendliness,

simplicity, and clarity in usage instructions. Accessibility of each component from a

single location is crucial for learners to navigate and troubleshoot the system

effortlessly. Designing an air-conditioning system trainer requires careful alignment with

individual learning objectives and user preferences.

3.3.2 Process

In developing the trainer model for car air-conditioning systems, we enter a

critical phase: development, implementation, evaluation, and revision. Careful planning,

attention to detail, and ongoing assessment are essential to meet the needs of learners

and achieve desired outcomes.

3.3.2.1 Development

The car air-conditioning system trainer model is a helpful tool for

understanding how vehicle air conditioning works. It acts like a real car air conditioner

and lets students and technicians practice hands-on learning.

To make the trainer, we need to choose and put together different parts of the

air-conditioning system, like the expansion valve, compressor, condenser, evaporator,

and sensors. Each part is picked carefully to mimic a real air conditioner. We also need

to cut pipes and metal sheets to the right size for the trainer.

3.3.3 Output

The output of the Air-Conditioning System Trainer for a car air conditioning

system includes:

1. Refrigerant pressure display: The trainer indicates the system's refrigerant pressure,

ensuring proper functionality.

2. Temperature monitoring: Temperature readings of the refrigerant as it circulates

through the system and the air entering and leaving the evaporator are provided.
3. Diagnostic tools: The trainer includes diagnostic features enabling students to identify

and troubleshoot common air-conditioning system issues like leaks, blockages, and

compressor problems.

4. Charging system: This refers to a battery charger device incorporated into the trainer

model. It ensures the continuous operation of the trainer, even in the absence of

electricity, by providing power from stored energy reserves.

5. Recovery machine: A recovery machine is a device used to remove refrigerant from

the air conditioning system for maintenance or repair purposes, ensuring environmental

safety and compliance with regulations.

6. Reserve refrigerant tanks: These are containers used to store additional refrigerant

for replenishing the air conditioning system when needed, ensuring continuous

operation and efficiency.

3.3.4 Implementation

The Car air-conditioning system trainer model is a tool that helps students learn

about air conditioning. It's made up of different parts, like a compressor, condenser,

evaporator, expansion valve, and sensors, all put together to mimic a real air

conditioning system.

Installing an air-conditioning system trainer involves several phases. First, we

need to create and assemble the frame. The researchers must carefully select

components appropriate for the target level of learning, taking into account the unique

requirements of the educational facility or organization.

3.3.5 Evaluation

The Air-Conditioning System Trainer model needs testing to ensure it works well

and provides a valuable learning experience. To check its performance and identify any

issues, a thorough testing process is necessary. First, the researchers will ensure all

components are correctly and securely installed. Then, the researchers will check

electrical connections and refrigerant lines for proper connection and leaks. Finally, the

researchers will test the trainer with various car air-conditioning problems to simulate

real-world scenarios.

3.4 Target Population

This study involved three distinct groups of participants. The first group

comprised industry professionals who evaluated the technical aspects of the Car Air-

conditioning system trainer model, focusing on its performance, efficiency, reliability,

and usability.

The second group consisted of automotive technology students who will assess

the trainer's instructional value.

Lastly, automotive technology teachers made up the third group, also evaluating

the trainer's instructional utility.

These participants were purposefully selected based on their relevance to the

intended use of the Car Air-conditioning system. The industry practitioners were

automotive technicians within the province of Bukidnon. The second and third groups

were chosen due to their direct involvement in the teaching and learning processes and
were affiliated with the Automotive Technology Department of Bukidnon State

University.

3.5 Sample of the Study

In this study, there are 3 groups of participants, 25 automotive students, 5

teachers, and lasty 10 industry professionals to assess the product base on the ISO

25010 standards.

3.6 Sampling Procedure

Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental or selective sampling, is a non-

probabilistic sampling technique used extensively in qualitative research. This method

involves deliberately choosing participants based on the characteristics of a population

and the objectives of the study (Stewart, 2024).

In contrast to random probability sampling, where each member of the population

has an equal likelihood of being chosen, purposive sampling enables researchers to

employ their discretion in selecting cases that will most effectively contribute to data

collection and the research objectives.

The researchers believes that the sampling procedure fit their study goals,

ensuring effective data collection.

3.7 Research Instrument

The study utilized a research instrument to three groups of respondents: industry

practitioners, and automotive technology teachers and students. They will be asked to
rate the technical characteristics of the proposed Car Air-conditioning system trainer

model, based on some ISO 25010 standards such as functional suitability, performance

efficiency, reliability, and usability.

The research instrument will be adopted by the researchers from (Forms.App:

Online Form Builder | Free Online Survey Tool, n.d.) and has two (2) parts. The first part

determined the type of the respondents. While the last part, provided the twenty-five

(25) descriptors of the technical characteristics of the Car air-conditioning system trainer

model and they will be distributed.

Each item in the questionnaire will be measured using a Likert scale ranging from

1 to 5. This scale allows respondents to express their level of agreement or

disagreement with statements regarding the trainer model's usefulness, ease of use,

and overall satisfaction.

3.8 Data Collection Procedure

The researchers have chosen to employ face-to-face surveys for data collection

on the Car Air-conditioning System Trainer Model. This method permits direct

questioning and detailed responses. Through observing participant reactions, the

researchers seek to enhance the respondent’s comprehension. Ultimately, this strategy

guarantees the reliability of the acquired data for their research objectives.

3.9 Data Analysis Technique

In this section, the researchers outline the data analysis approach for the study

on the Car Air-conditioning System Trainer Model, which primarily employs quantitative
methods. Descriptive statistics, including measures such as mean and standard

deviation, will be use to summarize and analyze the collected data.

Standard deviation (SD) is a widely used measurement of variability used in

statistics. It shows how much variation there is from the average (mean) (Mean,

Median, and Standard Deviation / Concepts / Working With Data / Using Evidence for

Learning / Home - Assessment, n.d.). These statistical tools are chosen for their ability

to provide a clear overview of the data's central tendency and variability, allowing for a

comprehensive understanding of the trainer model's performance characteristics. The

selection of these statistical analysis techniques is grounded in their suitability for

quantitative data analysis and their potential to generate valuable insights into the

effectiveness and performance of the Car Air-conditioning System Trainer Model.

3.10 Ethical Consideration

This study adheres to Republic Act No. 10173, the Data Privacy Act of 2012.

Prior consent was obtained from participants before data collection. To safeguard

privacy, respondents were given the choice to disclose their names on surveys. All

gathered data are securely stored and accessible only to authorized personnel.

Personal information is handled confidentially and solely utilized for research purposes,

ensuring compliance with data privacy regulations. Upholding these ethical standards

fosters trust and respect among participants while maintaining the integrity and

confidentiality of their data throughout the research process.