1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Development of ocean going Merchant Ships

Nowadays, there are so many ways are there for transportation, such as airlines,
roads, and ships. But out of that, the cheapest and most convenient
transportation service is by ship.

A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world’s oceans and other sufficiently
deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers or in support of specialized
missions, such as defence, research, and fishing. Most international transporters
prefer to transport all their materials by ship.

Cargo material, oil, foods, vegetables, and many more are transferred from one
country to another. The various parts of a ship are manufactured individually
and assembled through welds, bolts, and rivets on the dock to make a proper
assembly. As it transports an immense amount of cargo and material from one
country to another, it is necessary to manufacture each ship’s parts excessively
precisely.

This fascinating article will delve into the intricate world of ship anatomy and
its components, providing a comprehensive explanation of their locations and
functions.

How have ships developed?

From the 19th century onwards, ships began to be built from iron and steel.
Sails were also replaced with steam engines and paddles with propellers. For
thousands of years people have navigated the world's oceans by ship, whether it
was to trade, travel, fight or explore.

How does merchant shipping work?

Merchant shipping includes cargo ships, passenger ships, and tankers. Cargo
ships can be either liners, which travel on established routes at regular intervals
between specified ports; or tramps, which instead take cargo where and when it
offers and to any port.

What are the powered ships operated in the marine Industry from the
olden days?

1. Sail Ships
2. Steam Ships
3. Fuel Oil - Crude Oil
 4. Modern Sail Ship
5. Modern Gas Ship

MODERN MERCHANT SHIPS

Ship Parts Diagram

 MODERN PORTS & NATURAL HARBOURS
Points Port Harbour
Primarily serves as a
1. Developed primarily for commercial purposes
sheltered area for vessels
Offers limited services and
2. Usually features a wide range of facilities and services
facilities
Often owned and operated by
3. May be privately or publicly owned
public authorities
Mainly used for fishing and
4. Handles diverse cargo types including containers
recreational activities
Often situated in natural or
5. Located near major trade routes and industrial centers
man-made sheltered areas
Accommodates smaller
6. Handles large vessels like container ships and tankers
vessels like fishing boats
Focuses on safety and
7. Emphasizes efficiency and throughput of goods
protection of vessels
Infrastructure is minimal and
8. Typically features extensive port infrastructure
less developed
Less connected to inland
9. Often integrated with inland transportation networks
transportation systems
Primarily serves as a local
10. Plays a vital role in economic development of a region
resource and recreation

Key Differences between Port and Harbour

 Ports are primarily commercial hubs, while harbours mainly serve as safe areas for vessels.
 Ports offer a wide range of facilities and services, whereas harbours provide limited services.
 Ownership of ports can be private or public, while harbours are often owned and operated
by public authorities.
 Ports handle diverse cargo types, including containers, while harbours are mainly used for
fishing and recreational activities.
 Ports are strategically located near major trade routes and industrial centers, while harbours
are situated in natural or man-made sheltered areas.
 Ports accommodate large vessels like container ships and tankers, while harbours are
designed for smaller vessels like fishing boats.
 Ports emphasize efficiency and the throughput of goods, whereas harbours focus on the
safety and protection of vessels.
 Ports typically have extensive infrastructure, including berths, cranes, and storage facilities,
while harbours have minimal and less developed infrastructure.
 Ports are often integrated with inland transportation networks, providing seamless
connectivity, while harbours are less connected to inland transportation systems.
 Ports play a vital role in the economic development of a region, contributing to trade and job
opportunities, while harbours primarily serve as local resources and recreational areas.