• RoPax

The acronym ROPAX (roll-on/roll-off passenger) describes a RORO vessel

built for freight vehicle transport along with passenger accommodation.

• Complete RoRo Ships

RoRo is short for 'Roll-on, Roll-off', which describes how products are loaded
and discharged from a vessel.
• Multi Purpose Ships

A multi-purpose vessel (MPV) is a seagoing ship that is built for the carriage of
a wide range of cargoes.

Examples of these cargoes are: wood, steel, building materials, rolls of paper
and bulk cargo.

Multi-purpose vessels can be divided into four categories:

• Vessels with and without cargo gear,

 • Coastal trade liners and sea-river vessels.

• Bigger multi-purpose vessels are able to carry different kinds of loading

on the same voyage.

• Smaller multi-purpose vessels do not have this advantage but they are
employed to get into smaller harbours because of their limited drauht.

• Car Carrier and Roll on / Roll off Ship

RoRo or Roll on Roll off ship is a special type of vessel which is used for the
transportation of automobile vehicles.

Also known as car carriers, these vessels have special inclines (ramps)
constructed so as to make the loading and the unlading of vehicles and cargo
easier and more convenient.

• Cattle Carrier or Livestock Carrier

Livestock carriers are cargo vessels used to transport cattle, sheep, goats, cows,
buffaloes, etc.

They are crucial links in the world's food supply chain where several nations
profit from exporting cattle at higher rates, and many countries access good
quality meat and other extractives from the livestock.

MV Becrux -

MV Becrux - Is the world's largest livestock (cattle) carrier. It has cargo

carrying capacity of 20,000 cattle or alternatively, 60,000 sheep and goats.
• Passenger Ships

A passenger ship is specially designed and equipped for the transport of

persons.

According to the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of

Life at Sea (SOLAS) any ship with accommodation for more than 12 passengers
is a passenger ship. Persons other than passengers are regarded as crew.

There are several main types:

• Cruise ships.

• Ferries.

• Ocean liners.
• Offshore Ships

Offshore vessels are ships that specifically serve operational purposes such as
oil exploration and construction work at the high seas.
What are examples of offshore vessels?

• General (applies to all OCS activities)

• Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs)

• Fixed Platforms.

• Floating OCS (Outer Continental Shelf) Facilities (FOFs)

• Support Vessels (OSVs, Liftboats& Crew Boats) – Offshore Supply

Vessels

Offshore Support Vessels, also known as Offshore Supply Vessels, are specialty
ships designed for operating on the ocean, serving multiple purposes. They can
serve as platform support, anchor handling, construction, maintenance, and
more. Today we’ll take a closer look at these versatile ships and how they work.
• Special Purpose Ships

Special Purpose Ships are a part of Ships, boats, & floating structures. They
include Floating, submersible drilling or production platform, Floating docks,
special function vessels, Search and Rescue, Dredgers.
Dredger
2.2 TYPES OF CARGO&STOWAGE REQUIREMENTS
(to be studied in conjunction with the book “CARGO
WORK for ships officers” by Capt.Errol Fernandes
REFER CHAPTER-3,6,8,9,11,12)

Solid bulk cargo

Solid bulk cargo– Any material, other than liquid or gas, consisting of a combination of
particles, granules or any larger pieces of material, generally uniform in composition, and
loaded directly into the cargo spaces without any intermediate form of containment.

The cargoes carried by bulk carriers, ranging from "clean" foodstuffs to "dirty" minerals and
including those that may react with each other or with sources of contamination such as
water, mean that care must be taken to ensure that cargo spaces are properly prepared for the
particular cargo to be loaded. Cleaning must be adequate for the cargo to be loaded and will
usually require a surveyor to pass the space as suitable for loading. It is essential that residues
of a previous cargo are removed to ensure that contamination does not occur.

Damage to bulk cargoes is mainly caused by water, thus, not only must the holds be dry to
receive cargo but hatch covers must be watertight or, if necessary, sealed to prevent ingress
of water.

All fittings in the hold (ladders, pipe guards, bilge covers, etc.) should be examined to ensure
that they are in good condition and securely fitted. Such pieces of equipment might cause
serious damage to conveyor belt systems and consequent delays, for which the ship will be
held liable, should they be inadvertently discharged with the cargo.

Bulk carrier, bulker – A vessel designed to carry dry cargo, loaded into the vessel with no
containment other than that of the ship,s boundaries, as distinguished from the liquid bulk
carrier or tanker. Conventional bulk carrier is constructed with a single deck, single skin,
double bottom, hopper side tanks and topside tanks in cargo spaces.

Bulk carriers are designed to load a maximum deadweight of any type of bulk cargo from
heavy ore to light grain . The loading, carriage and finally the discharge of dry bulk cargo is
not as simple or straight forward as most people would imagine.