te - 1162r - web рус

IAEA-TECDOC-1162/R
Общие инструкции
оценки и реагирования
на радиологические
аварийные ситуации
МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

МАГАТЭ
Апрель 2004
Данная публикация была подготовлена в МАГАТЭ
Секцией радиационной безопасности
Международное агентство по атомной энергии
Wagramer Strasse 5
P.O. Box 100
A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Исправленное издание, март 2013 года

Подробные сведения об изменениях см. по адресу:
www.pub.iaea/books/
ОБЩИЕ ИНСТРУКЦИИ ОЦЕНКИ И РЕАГИРОВАНИЯ НА РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ

АВАРИЙНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ
МАГАТЭ, ВЕНА, 2004 год
IAEA-TECDOC-1162
ISSN 1011–4289
© IAEA, 2004
ɉɊȿȾɂɋɅɈȼɂȿ
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɫɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵɦ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɚɜɚɪɢɸ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (IAEA-TECDOC-953), Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ
ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (IAEA-TECDOC-955) ɢ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (IAEA Safety Series No. 109).
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ. ɉɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ. ȼ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ
ɨɛɳɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰ,
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɜɲɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɢ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ – ɝ-ɧɭ R. Martinþiþ (J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia). Ƚ-ɧ M. Crick (Division of
Radiation and Waste Safety) ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂə ɊȿȾȺɄɌɈɊȺ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɆȺȽȺɌɗ) ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ

ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɩɪɹɦɵɟ
ɢɥɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ

ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɹ, ɤɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ; ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ.
ɍɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ

ɮɚɤɬɚ ɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ) ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ɷɬɨ ɧɟ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ.
ОБЩИЕ ИНСТРУКЦИИ
ОЦЕНКИ И РЕАГИРОВАНИЯ
НА РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АВАРИЙНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ
IAEA-TECDOC-1162/R
ИСПРАВЛЕНИЕ
1. Стр. 108, таблица Д3. В ряду “Cs-134” и колонке “50 лет” вместо значения “5.1E-03”
следует читать “5.1E-02”.
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ............................................................................................................................... 1
ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂȿ.................................................................................................................. 1
ɐȿɅɂ ..................................................................................................................................... 1
ɈȻɅȺɋɌɖ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə ................................................................................................. 2
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ......................................................................................................................... 2
ɈȻɁɈɊ........................................................................................................................................ 4
ɐȿɅɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɈȽɈ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə........................................................................ 4
ɎɂɅɈɋɈɎɂə ...................................................................................................................... 4
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə.................................................................................. 4
ɇȺɑȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ....................................................................................... 7
ɋɐȿɇȺɊɂɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɃ....................................................................................................... 10
ɄɈɇɌȺɄɌɕ ɋɈ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɆȺɋɋɈȼɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ............................... 13
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ A: ɂɇɂɐɂȺɐɂə ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ A1: ɂɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ..................................................................... 17
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ȼ: ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɆ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0: Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.................................. 21
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ1: Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ............................................................................................. 32
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ2: ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ............................................................................. 35
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ ȼ: ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺ ɆȿɋɌȿ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ1: Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ....... 41
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ2: Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ.......................................................................... 46
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ3: Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ......................................................... 48
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ4: Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ..................................... 50
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ5: ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ........................................... 53
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ6: Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ............................................ 56
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ƚ: ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ0: Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ...................................... 61
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ1: ɂɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ / ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ............... 76
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ2: Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ................................................. 80
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ3: ɍɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ...................................................... 87
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ⱦ: ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȾɈɁɕ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ0: Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ................................................................ 91
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ1: Ɍɨɱɟɱɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ............................................................................... 94
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ2: Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ .............. 102
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ3: Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ .............................................................................. 105
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ4: Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɢ ................................................................................ 111
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ5: ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ................................................................. 114
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ5a: Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ............................. 119
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ6: ɉɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ .................................................................. 125
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ7: ɂɦɦɟɪɫɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ............................................................................ 128
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ8: Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................................................... 131
ɄȺɊɌɕ
Ʉɚɪɬɚ A1: Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ................................................................ 135
Ʉɚɪɬɚ A2: Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ............. 137
Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ȼ1: Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ................. 138
Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ1: Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ............................................................................ 139
Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ2: Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ............................................... 140
Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ3: Ʉɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ.............................................. 141
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂə
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ I: Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ..................................................... 145
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ II: Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ......................................... 147
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ III: Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ....... 153
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ IV: Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ .................... 160
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ V: Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ............................................ 164
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ VI: ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ........... 167
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ VII: ɋɜɹɡɶ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ.......... 169
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ VIII: Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ...................................................... 173
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ...................................................................................................................... 175
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ........................................................................................................................ 178
ɈȻɈɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə................................................................................................................... 192
ɍɑȺɋɌɇɂɄɂ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɊȿȾȺɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺ.................... 195

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɈȻɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ
ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɞɧɟɦ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ, ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ
ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɳɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ. ȼ
ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ, ɥɸɛɚɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ.
ɐȿɅɂ
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ [1, 2, 3].
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɭɸ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ,
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ
ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ
ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (IAEA-TECDOC-955) [4].
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. ɗɬɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɸɬ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ, ɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɫ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɟɪɟɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ,
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ.
1
ɈȻɅȺɋɌɖ ɉɊɂɆȿɇȿɇɂə
ȼ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ,
ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ, ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ,
ɯɨɬɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɟɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
ɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ, ɨɛɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɧɚ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ [4, 5, 6]. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ VII [5]. ɏɨɬɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰɚ, ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɯ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɆȺȽȺɌɗ.
ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊȺ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɉ1). Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ Ⱥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
Ȼ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ Ƚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Ⱦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ȼ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ I ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɨɬ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ. ȼ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ II ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ / ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ III ɞɚɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ IV. ȼ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ V ɢ VI
ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɫ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ. ȼ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ VII ɞɚɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ VIII ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɤɚɪɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
2
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɚɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:
(ɚ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɉ1 ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,

(ɛ) ɩɨ ɨɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ,
(ɜ) ɩɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɂɧɞɟɤɫɚ.
3
ɈȻɁɈɊ
ɐȿɅɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɈȽɈ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə

Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ:
(ɚ) ɍɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɟɟ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ.
(ɛ) ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ
(ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɢ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ) ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɨ
ɢɥɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ.
(ɜ) ɍɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ (ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɤɚɤ ɪɚɤ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɆȺȽȺɌɗ [2] ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɡ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɦ ɬɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ [2].
ɎɂɅɈɋɈɎɂə
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ: ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ, ɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ:
(ɚ) ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɹɫɧɨ ɢ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ;
(ɛ) ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ.
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɚɬɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ (ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɠɚɪ, ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɭ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ: ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɪɚɜɦ, ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ
ɨɝɧɟɦ, ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ȼ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɉ1), ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɗɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
4
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ,
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɥɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɠɭɪɧɵɣ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɧɟɬ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ, ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɢɡ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ. ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɧɚ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ, ɚ ɜ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ – ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɠɭɪɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɥɢɰ, ɫɞɟɥɚɜɲɢɯ ɜɵɡɨɜ, ɢ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɉɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ
ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɫɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɨɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɦ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɞɚɥɟɟ). ȼ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ,
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɥɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɢɡ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɪɨɥɶ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ, ɝɥɚɜɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɧɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ (ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ)

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ – ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ, ɝɞɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ,
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɥɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ. ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ
ɪɨɥɶ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ, ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ ɢɥɢ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ
5
ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ. ɂɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɞɚɥɟɟ).
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ
ɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ɂɇɂɐɂȺɌɈɊ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ,
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɫ
ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɥɚɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɁȺ
ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ,
ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɂɌȿɅɖ
ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌ ɇȺ
ɆȿɋɌȿ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉȿɊȼɕɃ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɍɘɓɂɃ
Ʌɢɰɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌ-ɊȺȾɂɈɅɈȽ
ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
ɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ,
ɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɉɨɥɢɰɢɹ Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ

ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
Ȼɪɢɝɚɞɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
Ɋɂɋ. O1. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
6
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɉɧ ɨɬɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɜɫɟɯ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ
ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɱɥɟɧ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ, ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ, ɝɪɭɩɩ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɫ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ. ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɜ (ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ), ɩɪɢɛɵɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɉɟɪɜɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɵ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ
ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɥɢɰ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ɇɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɨɧ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɭ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɢ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɞɨɡ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ; ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɇȺɑȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ Ɉ2.
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɜ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ. ȿɫɥɢ
7
ɞɚ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɜɲɟɦɭ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ / ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɹ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɧ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ /
ɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
(ɟɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ), ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ
ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɬ, ɢɥɢ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ,
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɭ ɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ / ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ. Ɇɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ; ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɹɫɧɨ, ɤɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
8
ɍȼȿȾɈɆ
Ʌȿɇɂȿ
ɨɛ
ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ
ɂɇɂɐɂȺɌɈɊ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ,
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ,
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢ ɋɌ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɇ ɪɨɜɚɬɶ
?
Ⱦɚ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟɫɟɬ
ɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ
ɁȺ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɈȿ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰ. ɇɢɡɤɢɣ Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌȺ-
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫ ɊȺȾɂɈɅɈȽȺ
ɬɢ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɂɌȿɅə Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɉȿɊȼɈȽɈ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɏ ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌȺ
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɍɘɓȿȽɈ ɊȺȻɈɌ -ɊȺȾɂɈɅɈȽȺ
(ɟɫɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ) ɇȺ ɆȿɋɌȿ
ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɚɟɬ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɢall
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ,
ɜɫɟɦɢ
ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ɋɂɋ. O0. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ

ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ 9
ɋɐȿɇȺɊɂɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɃ
ɋ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ:
1. ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ;
2. ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ;
3. ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ

ɗɬɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ,
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɩɪɨɩɚɜɲɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɫ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ. Ɉɧɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɫɬɟɪɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ; ɞɥɹ ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɜ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɯ, ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ; ɜ ɚɧɬɢɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɦɨɥɧɢɟɨɬɜɨɞɚɯ,
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɞɵɦɚ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɦɦɚ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɧɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɢɥɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɫ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬ ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ
ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɰɚ,
ɧɟɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ
ɬɟɥɨ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɭɬ. ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɛɟɬɚ-
ɨɠɨɝɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɭɫɭɝɭɛɢɬɶɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ, ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ.
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɰɢɣ. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɟɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɢɬɦɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɯ. ɉɥɭɬɨɧɢɣ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ, ɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ. Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ.
10
ɉɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɟ, ɭɤɪɚɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ. Ɋɢɫɤ ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɧɢɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ; ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɥɸɞɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɫɟɦɢ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ.
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ
ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɨɛɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ ɦɨɳɧɵɦɢ NaI
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɨɬɟɧ
ɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɟ.
Ⱥɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ –
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ
ɷɬɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ, ɱɟɦ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ
ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɬɨɱɟɧɵ, ɯɨɬɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ
ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ȿɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɝɪɭɡɚ,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜ
ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ – ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ,
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ – ɹɞɟɪɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ), ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɞɵɦɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ
ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɭ ɪɚɞɢɨɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɭɡɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɨɤ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ ɛɨɟɜɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɣ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɝɞɟ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
11
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ.
Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ [7, 8], ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɑɟɦ
ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ ɛɵ ɤ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɥɸɛɚɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɢɩɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ IV, ɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ – ɜ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ [7]. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ [9].
Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɧɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɟɪɢɥɥɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɫ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɦ ɨɪɭɠɢɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬ, ɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ. Ⱦɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɜɫɟ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɟ ɨɪɭɠɢɟ
ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ «ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ»,
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦɢ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ

Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ
ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ, ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɨ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵ, ɧɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚ 100-1000 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ
ɱɪɟɜɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɬɢɩɚ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ [5]. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ
ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ, ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ,
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ, ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɡɚ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ. ȼɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
12
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɯ ɫ
ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ
ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ V, ɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ – ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ Ȼ, ȼ, Ƚ ɢ ȿ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ [4].
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ,
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɨɧɞɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ
ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢ ɤ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɛɥɚɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɯɨɬɹ ɬɨɱɧɭɸ
ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɝɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɨ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɡɚ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ [10].
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ VI ɢ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ [11].
ɄɈɇɌȺɄɌɕ ɋɈ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɆȺɋɋɈȼɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ

Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɥɸɞɟɣ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɷɮɢɪɟ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɢɥɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɥ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ,
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɢ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ VII.
13
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ A
ɂɇɂɐɂȺɐɂə ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɟɸ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə A1
ɋɬɪ.1 ɢɡ 2
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɂɇɂɐɂȺɐɂə ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɐɟɥɶ
ɂɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
ɗɬɭ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ.
ȼɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
¾ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ Ʉɚɪɬɟ Ⱥ1
¾ɉɨɞɧɹɬɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ / ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(Ʉɚɪɬɚ A2)
¾ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɫɨɨɛɳɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ Ɏɨɪɦɭ
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ A1). ȼɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɉɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɜɲɟɦɭ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
i. ɇɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɢ ɤ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.

ii. Ɉɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ.
iii. ɉɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɨɬɨɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 50 ɦ). ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ
ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ.
iv. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ.
v. ɇɟ ɟɫɬɶ, ɧɟ ɩɢɬɶ, ɧɟ ɤɭɪɢɬɶ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
vi. ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɜɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɞɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ
ɫɥɭɠɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
vii. Ⱦɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɨ
ɫɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ȼɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɟɦɭ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1)
17
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ A1, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 2
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ / ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ. ɉɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨ
ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ / ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ Ɏɨɪɦɭ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ2)
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɹɫɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɤɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ. ɋɸɞɚ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ,
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
18
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ȼ
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɆ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɢ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə Ȼ0
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɈȻɁɈɊ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ ɋɬɪ.1 ɢɡ 11

ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɆ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɇɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
¾ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
¾Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
¾Ɉɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɬ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1) ɢ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɭɠɟ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɢɥɢ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɯ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ). ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ / ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɇɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ:
i. ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ,
ii. ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɨɧɤɚ ɢ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɡɜɨɧɢɜɲɢɯ ɥɢɰ,
iii. ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɢ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ,
iv. ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ,
v. ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ,
vi. ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ.
21
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ11
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ), ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ. ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ Ȼ0, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ȼ1): ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ,
ɡɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɡɨɧɚ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ,
ɤɨɪɩɭɧɤɬ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ (ɫɢɥ) ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɬɢɩ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ.
ɋɦ. ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ: ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ:
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ Ȼ1
ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ Ȼ2
ɇɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ Ȼ3
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ Ȼ4
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ȼ5
Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ Ȼ6
Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ Ȼ7
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ.
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ: ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:

Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ Ȼ1
ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ Ȼ2
22
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ11
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ V ɢ VI ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɶɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɣ.
Ʉɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ
ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɮɨɬɨ-, ɤɢɧɨ- ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨɫɴɟɦɤɭ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɛɪɢɮɢɧɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɦ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɭɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɫɶ:
i. ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ,
ii. ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰ, ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ,
iii. ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
iv. ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ, ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ.
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɥɚɧ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ (ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɣɬɟɫɶ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ VIII).
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ.
23
24
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ0. Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ
Ȼɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨ- Ɍɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ

ɝɪɚɮɢɹ
Ɉɛɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ.
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬ. ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ

ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɣɨɞɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɮɚɪɦ. ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
Ɇɚɥɵɣ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 4 ɢɡ 11

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
1ɤȻɤ 1ɆȻɤ 1ȽȻɤ 1TȻɤ 1ɉȻɤ

Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂə:
- Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ.
- ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
- Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɯ.
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ1. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ

Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰ. ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ

Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ 2. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧ
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ 3. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ
4. Ɋɚɡɵɳɢɬɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ

2. Ɉɝɪɚɞɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɞɨ 30 ɦ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ/ 4. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ/ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ 5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ 1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ

ɬɨɜɚɪ, ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ
2. ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ 1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ 2. Ɉɝɪɚɞɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɞɨ 10 ɦ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ. ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ

Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ/ 4. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ/ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ 5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
2. Ɉɝɪɚɞɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɞɨ 30 ɦ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
Ȼɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ 4. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ/ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ 5. ɍɜɟɞɨɦɢɬɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
Ʌɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ
Ɍɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ Ⱥɥɢɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɟ 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ 7. Ɋɚɡɵɳɢɬɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ 8. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
25
26
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ2. ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰ. ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ 1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ɬɨɜɚɪ, ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
2. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
3. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
4. ɉɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ.
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥ. ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 5. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ.
Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ/ 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ 7. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

Ȼɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 2. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ 3. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɬɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, 4. ɉɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ.
ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ, ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ 5. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ.
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ 7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ 8. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ3. ɇɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɢɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰ. ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.

ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥ. ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, 2. Ɉɝɪɚɞɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɞɨ 10 ɦ
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
Ȼɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ 4. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ʌɸɛɨɟ
1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.

2. Ɉɝɪɚɞɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɦ ɞɨ 30 ɦ.
Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ

Ɋɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ 4. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɬɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ 5. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ.
6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
7. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɇɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
27
28
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ4. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ

ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 1. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ.

ɍɬɟɱɤɚ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ 2. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ
(ɪɚɡɥɢɜ)* ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, 3. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ 4. Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
* Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ
1. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɸ.
2. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɸ, ɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜɵɬɹɠɧɵɟ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɲɤɚɮɵ.
ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
(ɪɚɡɥɢɜ) ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ/
Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ,
4. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ
5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
6. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
7. Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.

1. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ (ɧɟɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ) ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
2. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ.
3. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ.
4. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 5. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɉɨɠɚɪ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
Ʌɸɛɨɣ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ 6. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɫ
ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɧɚɦɢ.
ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ 7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
8. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
9. Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ5. Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ

ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ
I–ɛɟɥɵɣ, II–ɠɟɥɬɵɣ, ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ 1. Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
II-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɇɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ
1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
2. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ɍɢɩ Ȼ Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ.
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 4. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɚɯ.
5. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ – ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.

2. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
3. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ/ 4. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧ. ɡɚɝɪ. ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ 5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɚɯ.
6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
7. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ.
8. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.

2. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ 3. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ.
ɢɥɢ ɞɚɜɲɚɹ I–ɛɟɥɵɣ,II–ɠɟɥɬɵɣ, ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ/ 4. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɧɚɦɢ.
ɬɟɱɶ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ II-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧ. ɡɚɝɪ. ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ 5. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɚɯ.
6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ 100 ɦ ɢ ɧɚ 200 ɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ.

3. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
4. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ, ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ.
Ɍɢɩ Ȼ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 5. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ.
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ 6. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɧɚɦɢ.

ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧ. ɡɚɝɪ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɩɪɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ 7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ.
8. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ; ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ 1. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ (ɧɟɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ) ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
2. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ ɞɨ 300 ɦ.
3. ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ.
ɉɨɠɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜ ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ/ 4. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
–ɪɚɡɥɢɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɵɦ Ɍɢɩ Ȼ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ 5. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ.
ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪ. 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ- 7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
ɧɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ 8. Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
29
30
30
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ6. Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ
Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰ. ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
1. ɗɜɚɤɭɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ.

4. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɹɬɧɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɬɟɱɤɭ (ɪɚɡɥɢɜ).
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧ. 5. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɍɬɟɱɤɚ Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ.
(ɪɚɡɥɢɜ) ɉɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɩɢɳɟɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
7. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
1. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ (ɧɟɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ) ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ.
2. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ).
3. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ 5. ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ɉɨɠɚɪ Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɜ-ɫɬɢ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ 6. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ 7. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ.
ɫ ɩɢɳɟɣ 8. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
9. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ.10 ɢɡ 11

Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ
ɚɥɶɮɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: Mɧɨɝɢɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ ɞɨ 300 ɦ.
Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ7. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ
Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
1. Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ.
3. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ.
ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ Ʌɭɱ ɢɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɟ ɇɢɡɤɢɣ/ 4. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɬɨɱɟɧɨ.
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ 5. Ɂɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɥɭɱɚ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
6. ɉɨɜɟɫɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɯ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɢ

ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɯ
31
ȺȼȺɊɂə ɋ ɊȺȾɂɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɆ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄɈɆ ɂɅɂ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɊȺȾɂɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɆ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈɆ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɗɬɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɸ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ. Ɂɚɪɚɧɟɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɵɥ ɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ). ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ
ɬɢɩɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ.
¾ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
¾Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
¾Ɉɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
1.1 ɇɚɡɧɚɱɶɬɟ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ.
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ:
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, – ɫɩɚɫɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ;

ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫ ɨɝɧɟɦ);
ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɡɨɧɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ;
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ (ɫɦ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ ȼ1);
ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ;
ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ;
ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ;
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
32
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ1, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
1.2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ

ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɟ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ, ɨɬɩɪɚɜɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɨ ɦɟɪɚɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɢ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ:
i. ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ, ɩɨɥɢɰɢɹ, ɫɢɥɵ

ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɤɨɪɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);
ii. ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ;
iii. ɜɚɲɢ ɲɬɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ;
iv. ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
v. ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ,
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɨ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɨɬ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ:
i. ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ;

ii. ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ;
iii. ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ;
iv. ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ Ʉɚɪɬɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ

ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ȼ1).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɣɬɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɭɞɚ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɵ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ.
33
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ1, ɋɬɪ.3 ɢɡ 3
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ɉɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ.
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɵ, ɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ
ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ. ɉɪɚɜɞɚ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɟɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇȿ ȾɈɅɀɇɕ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ
ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɫ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ, ɑɌɈ ɨɧɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɢ ɁȺɑȿɆ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ (ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ) ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ,
ɫɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
(ɟɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɥɟɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ), ɱɬɨɛɵ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɥɚ
ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɡɚɧɨɜɨ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ).
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ).
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɡɚɫɬɪɹɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɤ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧ ɧɨɫɢɥ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 11
ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɟɩɟɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 12
ɉɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ).
34
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɍɌȿɊəɇɇɕɃ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ
ɜɫɟɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɢɩɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ. ɉɨɢɫɤ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɵ.
¾ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1)
¾ȼɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
¾Ⱥɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
¾Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
¾ɂɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɂɡɭɱɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ɋɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɫ
ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɧɨɣ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ,
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɋɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɟɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ.
35
ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ2, ɋɬɪ.2 ɢɡ 3
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ Ȼ0 ɢ Ȼ2. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ. ɋɨɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɟɦɭ ɜɫɸ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɢɩɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ, ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ, ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ,
ɤɚɤɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ:
i. ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ

ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ii. ɋɨɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ, ɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɭɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɤ
ɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɭɞɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ. Ɉɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɥɢɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ (ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ) ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜɫɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ (ɚ ɨɞɢɧ –
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ) ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ. ɑɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ [6]. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ:
i. ɢɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ,

ii. ɢɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ,
iii. ɢɳɢɬɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ,
iv. ɩɪɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ NaI ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ; ɩɟɲɢɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɭ,
v. ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ
ɜɬɨɪɫɵɪɶɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɋɧɚɛɞɢɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨ
ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɫɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ.
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ:
i. ɤɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ,
ii. ɩɥɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ,
iii. ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
36
ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ2, ɋɬɪ.3 ɢɡ 3
iv. ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɥɢɰɚɯ,

v. ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɱɥɟɧɵ
ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ. Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ.
Ɂɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɵ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ
ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ. ȼɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɧɟɡɚɦɟɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, – ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɢ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɵ (ɫɦ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ ȼ1). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ:
i. ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ (ɟɫɥɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ

ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɚɠɟ);
ii. ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ, ɢ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ;
iii. ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ;
iv. ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ) ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ɉɪɨɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɜ
ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ (ɟɫɥɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ). Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 11
ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɟɩɟɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 12
ɉɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɨ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ).
37
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ ȼ
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺ ɆȿɋɌȿ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə ȼ1
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 5

ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɂɌȿɅə ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɏ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɊȺȻɈɌ ɇȺ ɆȿɋɌȿ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɠɢɬɫɹ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɢɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɚɱɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɥɶ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɬ. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɉɨɱɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ, ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɠɚɪ, ɜɡɪɵɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ
ɇɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʌɸɛɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
¾ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
¾Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɬ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
¾ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
¾Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɨ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ (ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ).
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ɉɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɞɚɥ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɭ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ.
41
Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ1, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 5
ɇɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
Ʉ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ
ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. Ɍɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ IV) ɢ ɟɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ:
ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ,

ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɰɟɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɱɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ,
ɫɥɟɞɵ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨɠɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɪɵɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɚ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ. ɇȿ ɉɈȾɏɈȾɂɌȿ ɤ ɡɨɧɟ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ.
Ⱥɥɶɮɚ-ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ ɇȿȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɝɚɦɦɚ-
/ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɶɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ

ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɬɟɱɶ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɦɢ.
Ⱥɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ

ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ȿɫɥɢ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. ɇȿ ɈɌɄɅȺȾɕȼȺɃɌȿ
ɆȿɊɈɉɊɂəɌɂə ɉɈ ɋɉȺɋȿɇɂɘ ɀɂɁɇɂ ɅɘȾȿɃ ɂɁ-ɁȺ ɇȺɅɂɑɂə ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɂ!
4.1 ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ.

4.2 ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɟɟ
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ.
42
ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ1, ɋɬɪ.3 ɢɡ 5
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɨɪɭɱɢɬɟ ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɨ
ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ:
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:
ɋɤɨɪɚɹ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ȼ4
ɩɨɦɨɳɶ
Ȼɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɦɟɫɬ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ
ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ȼ3
ɫɥɭɠɛɚ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ
ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
(ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ȼ1, ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ – ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ ȼ1):
i. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɉɨɥɢɰɢɹ ȼ2
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ–ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ii. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɢ
ɨɬɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɨɬ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ȼ5
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ (ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ6), ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɦ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ ȼ1 ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɨ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ):
43
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ:

i. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ, ɧɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɨɬ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ii. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶ. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɶɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ, ɠɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
iii. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ I-ȻȿɅȺə, II-ɀȿɅɌȺə ɢɥɢ III-ɀȿɅɌȺə, ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ, ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ
ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɟɟ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ, ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ, ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɜ
ɩɚɤɟɬ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɢɡ ɪɭɤ ɜ ɪɭɤɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɭ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɛɭɞɟɬ
ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ

i. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ,
ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ (ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ (ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ).
ii. ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɫ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ.
iii. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɬ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɶɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ.
iv. Ⱦɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɩɨɤɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɢɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɠɚɪɚ, ɨɝɨɧɶ, ɞɵɦ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɩɭɥɶɫ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɉ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ɉɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɟɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ:
i. ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ;
ii. ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ;
iii. ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ;
iv. ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ;
v. ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ;
vi. ɥɸɛɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
44
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ (ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɪɨɱɧɨ) ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɣɬɟ ɨ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ ȼ1. ɉɊɂɆȿɊɕ ɂɋɏɈȾɇɕɏ ȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɕɏ ɊȺɋɋɌɈəɇɂɃ ɉɊɂ

ɊȺȾɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȺȼȺɊɂəɏ
ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ

ɇɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɫ I-ȻȿɅɈɃ, II- Ȼɥɢɠɚɣɲɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ
ɀȿɅɌɈɃ ɢɥɢ III-ɀȿɅɌɈɃ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɫ I-ȻȿɅɈɃ, II- ȼ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ 30 ɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɀȿɅɌɈɃ ɢɥɢ III-ɀȿɅɌɈɃ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ 100 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
ɇɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ Ȼɥɢɠɚɣɲɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
(ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɜɚɪ) ɬɢɩɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɞɵɦɚ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ȼ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ 30 ɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ (ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ 100 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ)
ɍɬɟɱɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɉɹɬɧɨ ɩɥɸɫ 30 ɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɉɹɬɧɨ ɩɥɸɫ 300 ɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
Ɉɝɨɧɶ, ɜɡɪɵɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɵɦ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ, ȼ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ 300 ɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ 100 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
ȼɡɪɵɜ/ɩɨɠɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ȼ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ 1000 ɦ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ ȼ1, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɜɧɟ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɟɧ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 11
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɤɚɦ. Ⱦɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
45
ɋɬɪ.1 ɢɡ 2
ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɈɅɂɐɂɂ
ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɬɨ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɹ
ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɉɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ, - ɷɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ.
¾ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɥɶ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɜɚɫ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɬ. ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ȼ1. ȿɫɥɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ
ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɨɰɟɩɢɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ) ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ȼ1, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ ȼ1 ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɯ 100
ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ. ɇɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 10 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ, ɡɚ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ

ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ.
Ʌɭɱɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ - ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɞɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɯɨɞ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ. ɗɬɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.
46
Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ2, ɫɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 2
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɥɢɰ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ
ɪɹɞɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɬ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ.
Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ
ɩɨɫɬ
Ɂɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
Ɂɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɲɢɧ Ɂɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɋɆɂ
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɜɟɬɟɪ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɚɡɚ
ɩɪɢ 100 µɁɜ/ɱ
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ
(Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ȼ1)
ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɚɹ
ɡɨɧɚ
Ɂɨɧɚ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɭɧɤɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
Ɂɨɧɚ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
Ȼɚɡɚ
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ
ɉɭɧɤɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɂɋ. ȼ1. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ:
i. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɷɬɭ
ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ii. ɇɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦ ɞɟɬɟɤɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ [6], ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ɇȿ ɉɈɄɂȾȺɃɌȿ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɣɞɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇȿ ȼɕɇɈɋɂɌȿ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɜ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ.
47
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɈɀȺɊɇɈɃ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 2
ɉɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ
ɋɅɍɀȻɕ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ.
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɝɧɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɭɬɟɱɤɭ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ,
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ
ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ. Ʌɸɛɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ȼ1. ȿɫɥɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ
ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ, ɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ. ɇɚɞɟɧɶɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ
ɨɞɟɠɞɭ.
48
Ɋɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ3, ɫɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 2
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɵɦɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɚɡɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɨɝɧɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɋɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɦ.
ɋɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɡ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɜɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɨɩɚɬ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ: ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ:
ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɋɭɯɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, CO2, ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɸ ɩɟɧɭ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ȼɨɞɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɵɥɢ (ɜ
ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ)
ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɉɟɫɨɤ, ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɢɡɭ ɩɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɭ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɇɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɬɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ. ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ
ɝɚɡɚ, ɩɚɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɵɦɚ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɇɟ
ɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɝɚɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɵ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɚɩɚɯɚ:
ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɯɚ ɝɚɡɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɵ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ, ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
(ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ) ɫ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨɦ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɇɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ. ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɭɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ (ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɬ ɨɝɧɹ).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ [6], ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɨɬ
ɇȿ ɉɈɄɂȾȺɃɌȿ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɣɞɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɇȿ ȼɕɇɈɋɂɌȿ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɜ ɟɝɨ
49
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɈȿ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɋɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺ ɆȿɋɌȿ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ
ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢɥɢ ɉɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɦ.
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ. Ⱦɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɩɨ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɸ
ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɧɟ
ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɠɟɪɬɜɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ,
ɨɠɨɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɳɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ. ȼ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ II ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ
ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ȼ1. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɨɬ
ɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ, ɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ. ɇɚɞɟɧɶɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ
ɨɞɟɠɞɭ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɫɩɚɫɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. ȼɵɹɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɧɨɫɚ
ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
ȼɵɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ.
50
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ4, ɋɬɪ.2 ɢɡ 3
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɥɢɰ. ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ (ɫɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ) ɨɞɟɠɞɭ,
ɨɛɭɜɶ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ. ɇɚɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɵ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɹɡɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ
ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɤ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂə
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ (ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɜ
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ II):
(a) ɉɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɠɨɝɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɫɪɨɱɧɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ.
(ɛ) ɉɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ
ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɠɨɝɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɝɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
(ɜ) ɉɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɪɨɱɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
(ɝ) Ʌɢɰɚ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɜɦ, ɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ.
(ɞ) Ʌɢɰɚ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɦɨɣ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ:
i. ɩɨɞɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɧɨɫɢɥɤɢ ɤ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɬɟɥɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɧɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɟɹɥɨ;
ii. ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɧɨɫɢɥɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɧɢ
ɢɥɢ ɨɞɟɹɥɚ; "ɭɩɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ" ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɇɟ ɡɚɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸ;
iii. ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɭɤɪɵɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɧɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɟɹɥɚɦɢ, ɧɟɬ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɬɢɥɚɬɶ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɧɢɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɟɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɋɨɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɭɸ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɬɪɚɜɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ.
51
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ4, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ [6], ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɇȿ ɉɈɄɂȾȺɃɌȿ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɣɞɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ

ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɠɚɪɚ, ɨɝɨɧɶ, ɞɵɦ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɩɭɥɶɫ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
52
ɇȺɑȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɋɢɥɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɋɂɅȺɆɂ ɈȻɔȿɄɌȺ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɢ ɩɨ
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ. ɒɬɚɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ:
i. ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ; ɢɥɢ

ii. ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɟɣ; ɢɥɢ
iii. ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
¾Ɂɚɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ)
¾ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ)
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɟɫɬɶ) ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
(Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ).
ɇȿ ɈɌɄɅȺȾɕȼȺɃɌȿ ɉɊɈȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ɆȿɊɈɉɊɂəɌɂɃ ɉɈ ɋɉȺɋȿɇɂɘ ɀɂɁɇɂ
ɅɘȾȿɃ ɂɁ-ɁȺ ɇȺɅɂɑɂə ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɂ! ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ.
3.1 ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɡɨɧɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɡɨɧɚ ɨɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ), ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ȼ1, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ.
53
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ5, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
3.2 ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ

ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ 100 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ. ɇɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 10 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɩɚɫɚɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
3.3 ɗɜɚɤɭɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
3.4 Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɥɢɰ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ.
3.5 ɇɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɚ.
ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ.
ɇɟ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ,
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ. Ⱦɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɨ ɫɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɜɲɟɦɭ
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɨ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ. ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ [6], ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
ɇȿ ɉɈɄɂȾȺɃɌȿ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
(ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɟɫɬɶ) ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ (Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ) ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɬɨɱɟɧɚ.
ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɡɨɪɵ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɯ
54
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ5, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ

ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
ɇɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɣɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɭɱɚ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ɇɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɚ ɢ ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɉɨɜɟɫɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨ ɟɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
55
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ɉɈ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 2
ɑɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɇȾɂȼɂȾɍȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɁȺɓɂɌȿ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɟ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ: ɨɛɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
¾ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ
¾Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:
ɈȻɓɂȿ ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɂ
* ȼɋȿȽȾȺ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɨɛ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ.
* ɇɂɄɈȽȾȺ ɧɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢɦɢ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ.
* ȼɫɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ȾɈɅɀɇɕ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ.
* ɉɈɆɇɂɌȿ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɞɨɡ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɡɵ
ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɞɪɚɜɵɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ.
* ɇȿ ɁȺȾȿɊɀɂȼȺɃɌȿɋɖ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɡɵ 1 ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ.
* ȻɍȾɖɌȿ ɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɕ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɡɵ 10 ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ.
* ȼɵ ɇȿ ȾɈɅɀɇɕ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɡɵ ɜɵɲɟ 100
ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ ɛɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
* ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɍɃɌȿ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
* ɉɅȺɇɂɊɍɃɌȿ ɁȺɊȺɇȿȿ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɯɨɞ ɜ ɡɨɧɵ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɡɵ.
56
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 2
* ɇȿ ɉɈȾȼȿɊȽȺɃɌȿ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɢɫɤɭ. ɇȿ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɩɢɳɭ, ɇȿ

ɩɟɣɬɟ ɢ ɇȿ ɤɭɪɢɬɟ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ.
* ȼ ɋɈɆɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɋɅɍɑȺəɏ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ
ɜɚɲɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɭ.
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɢɫɤɭ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɚɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɨɤ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɥɨɤɚɞɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɉɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɦ
ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ/ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ (ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɦ
ɧɚɛɨɪɟ).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɂɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ1).
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ƚ4) ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ. ɉɨ
ɷɬɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ. ȼɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɜɫɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ; ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ
ɞɨɡɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɧɹɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ,
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
Ɉɬɱɢɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜɵ
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɢɫɶ.
57
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ƚ
ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə Ƚ0
ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 15
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɆ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ
ɐɟɥɶ
ɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ, ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ,
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɭɬɟɪɟɣ ɢɥɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ,
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɝɪɨɡɟ. Ɉɧɚ
ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɭ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɞɚɬɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ).
ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ, ɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ – ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ. ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɡ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɩɪɢ
ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ [6] ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ /
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
¾ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1)
¾Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɬ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
¾Ɍɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ / ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
¾Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
61
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ0, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 15
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ / ɪɢɫɤɚ
¾Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
¾Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
¾Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɉɨ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ (ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ /
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ) ɨɬ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ Ɏɨɪɦɭ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ⱥ1) ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ƚ5),
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ) ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɦ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ III ɢ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ III1).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ Ƚ3 ɢ Ƚ4.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
ɉɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ȼ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ).
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɮɨɪɦɭ
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ1) ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ
(ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɟɛɹ).
62
ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɚɦɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɧɚɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
«ɡɚɤɥɢɧɢɥɨ» ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɤ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧ ɧɨɫɢɥ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ
ɧɨɜɵɣ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨ
ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ. Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ Ƚ2 ɤɚɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɉɬɩɪɚɜɶɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ.
ɇɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
ɉɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɢ ɞɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɜɚɫ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɬ. ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ȼ1).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ɉɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ, ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɨɦ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

ɞɨɡɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ 10 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɣɬɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 11
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ) ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ Ƚ1.
63
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ1. ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂȿ ɍɊɈȼɇɂ ȼɆȿɒȺɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ (Ⱦɍȼ) ɉɊɂ

ɊȺȾɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɏ ɋɂɌɍȺɐɂəɏ,
ɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɇɕȿ ɇȺ ɂɁɆȿɊȿɇɂɂ ɆɈɓɇɈɋɌɂ ȺɆȻɂȿɇɌɇɈɃ
ȾɈɁɕ ɈɌ ȽȺɆɆȺ-ɂɁɅɍɑȺɘɓɂɏ ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾɈȼ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɍȼ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ 100 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɣɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɰɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɯɨɞ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ,
100 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɣɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɰɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɟɫɥɢ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɯɨɞ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɜ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɣɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ
1 ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɟ ɭɤɪɵɬɢɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ (ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ)
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɣɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɰɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
1 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 12
ɍɱɪɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɧɚɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ȼ1), ɝɞɟ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɣ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨ
ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɞɨ 10 ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫ ɧɚɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ, ɝɞɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɢɡɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ

ɨɯɪɚɧɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 13
ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ.
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ (ɫɦ.
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ Ƚ2).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 14
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ,
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ [6].
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 15
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɣɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ
ɣɨɞɨɦ.
64
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ
ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɫɭɬɨɤ. Ɋɢɫɤ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɪɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ
(100 ɦɝ ɣɨɞɚ), ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɟɬɨɤ ɣɨɞɚ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɣɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɬɚɛɥɟɬɤɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɨ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɱɚɫɨɜ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 4 ɱɚɫɚ) ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ 8 ɱɚɫɨɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ.
ɉɪɢɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ

ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ (ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ) ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɫ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 16
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ Ƚ2 ɤɚɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟ
ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 17
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ (ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ), ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ:
i. ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ;

ii. ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ;
iii. ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ;
iv. ɩɨɦɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 18
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɜɡɹɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ, ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɨ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ, ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ:
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ: ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:

ɂɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ / ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Ƚ1
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ƚ2
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
Ƚ3
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
65
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 19
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ), ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɰ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ), ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Ⱦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 20
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 21
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɞɥɹ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɥɚɧɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ (ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ).
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ2. ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ ɉɈ ɆɈɇɂɌɈɊɂɇȽɍ
Ɍɢɩ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɐɟɥɶ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɟ, 1. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ i. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ

ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɲɤɨɦ,
ɭɤɪɚɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ 1.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ i. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ 2.Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ii. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ 3.Ƚɚɦɦɚ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ in-situ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
4.Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ iii. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ iv. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
5.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
v. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
vi. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɇɟɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ 1.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ i. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ 2.Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ii. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ 3.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
iii. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
iv. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
v. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ 1.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ i. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ 2.Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ii. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ 3.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
iii. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
iv. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ
v. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɫ 1.Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ i. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɦ 2.Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɚɥɶɮɚ- ɢ ɛɟɬɚ- ii. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
3.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ iii. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
4.Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ iv. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
66
5.ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ

ɩɨɱɜɭ v. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ
6.Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ vi. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
7.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ- 1.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ i. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ 2.Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ii.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
3.ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ iii. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɱɜɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
4.ɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ iv. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ v. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
5.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
vi. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
(ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ) ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ 1.Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ i. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ
ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, 2.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ii. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ iii. ȼɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ 3.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ
4.Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ iv. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
5.ɉɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ v. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
6.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ vi. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
(ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ) ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ 1.Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ i. ɉɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
2.ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ii.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɱɜɭ iii. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ
3.Ƚɚɦɦɚ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ in-situ
(ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɟ iv. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ) 4.Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡ v. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
5.Ⱦɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ vi. ɋɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
6.Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
7.ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ: ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ [6].
67
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ3 ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɉɈ ɈȻɓȿɃ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɃ

ȾɈɁȿ ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌɇɂɄɈȼ
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɨɡɚ (ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ)
[ɦɁɜ]
ȼɢɞ 1:
< 500a
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ȼɢɞ 2:
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ < 100
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ
ȼɢɞ 3:
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ < 50
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ
ȼɢɞ 4: ɉɪɟɞɟɥɵ
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɟɣ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [2]
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [2].
ɚ ɗɬɚ ɞɨɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ, ɈȾɇȺɄɈ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ
ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɪɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɫ
ɤɚɤɢɦ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
68
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ4. ɉɈɊɈȽɈȼɕȿ ȾɈɁɕ, ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾɍȿɆɕȿ (ȾɅə

ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɉɈ ɍɆɈɅɑȺɇɂɘ) ȾɅə ȼɈɁȼɊȺɓȿɇɂə
ɂɁ ɁɈɇɕ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɏ ɊȺȻɈɌɇɂɄɈȼ (EWG), ɉɊɂ ɇȺɅɂɑɂɂ
ɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ ɂɇȽȺɅəɐɂɂ ɊȺȾɂɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɈȽɈ ɃɈȾȺ –
ȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɕ ȼ ȿȾɂɇɂɐȺɏ ɂɇɌȿȽɊɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɈɃ ȾɈɁɕ
ȼɇȿɒɇȿȽɈ ȽȺɆɆȺ-ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə
EWGa
ɁȺȾȺɑɂ
[ɦɁɜ]
ȼɢɞ 1:
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ 250
ȼɢɞ 2:
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ
ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ
(ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) 50
ȼɢɞ 3:
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
Ɉɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ 25
Ɍɢɩ 4: ɉɪɟɞɟɥɵ
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɟɣ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [2]
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [4].
a ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ EWG ɧɚ 5, ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ, ɭɦɧɨɠɶɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ EWG ɧɚ 2.
ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɡɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ
ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ. ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɢ
ɬɨɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ.
Ⱦɨɡɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ

ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ. ɂɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɡ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ƚ4, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɬɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ
(ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ), ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɭ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ.
69
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ5. ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅɂ ɊɂɋɄȺ ɉɊɂ ɊȺɁɇɕɏ ȼɂȾȺɏ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ
Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ [ɤɷȼ] Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ 1ɦɁɜ ɧɚ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
1 ɦa,b,c
ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ 1ɦa,b,c
[ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ]
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ
Am-241 γ (60)
α (5486) 1-10 ȽȻɤ 3.E-02 30 ɱɚɫ
T1/2 = 433 ɝɨɞɚ
Ⱦɟɧɫɢɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ Gd-153 Ȗ (97)
1-40 ȽȻɤ 4.E-01 2 ɱɚɫ
ɤɨɫɬɟɣ T1/2 = 242 ɞɧɹ
I-125 γ (35)
e (34) 1-10 ȽȻɤ 6.E-02 20 ɱɚɫ
T1/2 = 59 ɞɧɟɣ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 50-500 ɆȻɤ 3.E-02 30 ɱɚɫ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Ra-226 Ȗ (186)
Į (4784) 30-300 ɆȻɤ 2.E-04 200 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 1600 ɥɟɬ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) 50-500 ɆȻɤ 1.E-01 8 ɱɚɫ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
Sr-90 ȕ (max: 196)
50-1500 ɆȻɤ 0 N/A
Ɇɚɧɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ T1/2 = 29 ɥɟɬ
ɛɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ Pd-103 X (20)
50-1500 ɆȻɤ 0 N/A
T1/2 = 17 ɞɧɟɣ
I-125 γ (35)
e (34) 50-1500 ɆȻɤ 9.E-03 5 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 59 ɞɧɟɣ
Ir-192 Ȗ (317)
β (max: 675) 200-1500
1.E-01 8 ɱɚɫ
e (303) ɆȻɤ
T1/2 = 74 ɞɧɹ
Cf-252 Į (6118)
X (15) 50-1500 ɤȻɤ 3.E-07 400 ɥɟɬ
T1/2 = 2.6 ɝɨɞɚ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) ≈ 10 ȽȻɤ 3.E+00 20 ɦɢɧ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
Cs-137 γ (662)
Ⱦɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ β (max: 512) 0.03-10 ɆȻɤ 6.E-04 70 ɞɧɟɣ
ɛɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Ir-192 γ (317)
β (max: 675)
≈ 400 ȽȻɤ 3.E+01 2 ɦɢɧ
e (303)
T1/2 = 74 ɞɧɟɣ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
Ɍɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ β (max: 318) 50-1000 TȻɤ 3.E+05 < 1 ɫɟɤ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
70
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 500 TȻɤ 3.E+04 < 1 ɫɟɤ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Cs-137 γ (662)
Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ β (max: 512) 2-100 TȻɤ 6.E+03 < 1 ɫɟɤ
ɰɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
Ir-192 γ (317)
β (max: 675) 0.1-5 TȻɤ 4.E+02 9 ɫɟɤ
e (303)
T1/2 = 74 ɞɧɹ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) 0.1-5 TȻɤ 1.E+03 3 ɫɟɤ
ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ (Cs-137) γ (662)
β (max: 512)
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
(Tm-170) Ȗ (84)
ȕ (max: 968)
T1/2 = 129 ɞɧɟɣ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 1-100 ȽȻɤ 6.E+00 10 ɫɟɤ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Am-241/Be γ (60)
Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ α (5486) 1-800 ȽȻɤ 2.E+00 20 ɫɟɤ
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
(Cf-252) Į (6118)
X (15)
T1/2 = 2.6 ɝɨɞɚ
Am-241 γ (60)
α (5486) 0.02-3 ɆȻɤ 9.E-06 10 ɥɟɬ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Ra-226 Ȗ (186)
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɞɵɦɚ Į (4784)
T1/2 = 1600 ɥɟɬ
(Pu-239) Į (5157)
Ȗ (52)
T1/2 = 24000 ɥɟɬ
Am-241 γ (60)
α (5486) 50-500 ɆȻɤ 2.E-03 30 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
(Ra-226) Ȗ (186)
Į (4784) < 40 ɆȻɤ 2.E-05 5 ɥɟɬ
T1/2 = 1600 ɥɟɬ
Ɇɨɥɧɢɟɨɬɜɨɞɵ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) 4 - 8 ȽȻɤ 2.E+00 30 ɦɢɧ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
Eu-152/154 Ȗ (1408/1274)
T1/2 = 13.5/8.6 7 – 40 ȽȻɤ 5.E+00 10 ɦɢɧ
ɝɨɞɚ
71
Am-241/Be γ (60)
α (5486) 0.1-2 ȽȻɤ 6.E-03 7 ɞɧɟɣ
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 400 ɆȻɤ 2.E-02 2 ɞɧɹ
e (624)
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ/ (Cf-252) Į (6118)
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ X (15) 3ȽȻɤ 6.E-04 70 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 2.6 ɝɨɞɚ
(Ra-226/Be) γ (60)
α (5486)
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Pu-239 Į (5157)
Ȗ (52)
T1/2 = 24000 ɥɟɬ
Am-241 γ (60)
α (5486) 1-4 ȽȻɤ 1.E-02 3 ɞɧɹ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Po-210 Į (5304)
1-4 ȽȻɤ 4.E-06 30 ɥɟɬ
ɗɥɢɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɵ T1/2 = 138 ɞɧɟɣ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (Ra-226) Ȗ (186)
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ Į (4784)
T1/2 = 1600 ɥɟɬ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318)
T1/2 = 5.3 ɥɟɬ
Ni-63 ȕ (max: 67)
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ 200-500 MȻɤ 0
T1/2 = 100 ɥɟɬ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
H-3
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ T1/2 = 12 ɥɟɬ 1-10 ȽȻɤ 0
Fe-55 X (6)
0.1 - 5 ȽȻɤ 2.E-03 30 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 2.7
Cd-109 Ȗ (88)
1 - 8 ȽȻɤ 1.E+00 50 ɦɢɧ
T1/2 = 463 ɞɧɟɣ
(Pu-238) Į (5499)
Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ
Ȗ (84)
ɮɥɸɨɪɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɣ
T1/2 = 88 ɥɟɬ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ
(Am-241) γ (60)
α (5486)
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
(Co-57) Ȗ (122)
T1/2 = 272 ɞɧɹ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) 0.1 - 400 ɉȻɤ 1.E+08 < 1 ɫɟɤ
ɋɬɟɪɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ Cs-137 γ (662)
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ β (max: 512) 0.1 - 400 ɉȻɤ 2.E+07 < 1 ɫɟɤ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
72
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)

β (max: 318) 1 - 100 TȻɤ 3.E+04 < 1 ɫɟɤ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɥɟɬ
Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ
Cs-137 γ (662)
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
β (max: 512) 1 - 100 TȻɤ < 1 ɫɟɤ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 0.1-20 ȽȻɤ 1.E+00 50 ɦɢɧ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) 0.1-10 ȽȻɤ 3.E+00 20 ɦɢɧ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
(Am-241) γ (60)
α (5486) 4 ȽȻɤ 1.E-02 3 ɞɧɹ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 1 TȻɤ 6.E+01 1 ɦɢɧ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Kr-85 β (max: 687)
0.1-50 ȽȻɤ 1.E-02 4 ɞɧɹ
T1/2 = 10.8 ɝɨɞɚ
Sr-90 β (max: 546)
0.1-4 ȽȻɤ 0
T1/2 = 29 ɥɟɬ
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ (Pm-147) β (max: 225)
40 ȽȻɤ 1.E-05 10 ɥɟɬ
T1/2 = 2.6 ɝɨɞɚ
Tl-204 γ (69)
β (max: 763) 40 ȽȻɤ 4.E-03 10 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 3.8 ɝɨɞɚ
(C-14) ȕ (max: 156)
T1/2 = 5730 ɥɟɬ
(Am-241) γ (60)
α (5486)
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) 1-20 ȽȻɤ 1.E+00 50 ɦɢɧ
e (624)
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Am-241 γ (60)
α (5486) 1-10 ȽȻɤ 3.E-02 1 ɞɟɧɶ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
Cs-137 γ (662)
Ʉɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɧɵɣ β (max.: 512) 0.1-40 ȽȻɤ 2.E+00 20 ɦɢɧ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤ e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ
Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ
Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ < 0.1 ȽȻɤ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ H-3 T1/2 = 12 ɥɟɬ 1-50 ȽȻɤ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ
Ni-63 ȕ (max: 67)
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ 200-500 MȻɤ
T1/2 = 100 ɥɟɬ
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
Ɉɛɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ
β (max: 318) 1-1000 TȻɤ 3.E+05 < 1 ɫɟɤ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
73
(Cs-137) γ (662)
β (max: 512) < 1 ɫɟɤ
e (624)
T1/2 = 30 ɥɟɬ
Cs-137 γ (662)
β (max: 512) < 100 TȻɤ 6.E+03 < 1 ɫɟɤ
e (624)
Co-60 γ (1173; 1333)
β (max: 318) < 100 TȻɤ 3.E+04 < 1 ɫɟɤ
T1/2 = 5.3 ɝɨɞɚ
Cf-252 Į (6118)
X (15) < 10 ȽȻɤ 2.E-03 20 ɞɧɟɣ
T1/2 = 2.6 ɝɨɞɚ
Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ (Am-241/Be) γ (60)
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ α (5486)
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ
T1/2 = 432.2 ɝɨɞɚ
(Pu-238/Be) Į (5499)
Ȗ (84)
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ
T1/2 = 88 ɥɟɬ
(Ra-226/Be) Ȗ (186)
Į (4784)
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ
T1/2 = 1600 ɥɟɬ
Ɍɪɢɬɢɟɜɵɟ H-3
T1/2 = 12 ɥɟɬ 1-10 TȻɤ
ɦɢɲɟɧɢ
ɋɫɵɥɤɢ: ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.

a
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF6, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ⱦ1, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɞɨ
ɰɟɥɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ.
b
Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ.
c
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ «ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ» (ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ).
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ6. ɈɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾɕ, ɉɊɂɆȿɇəȿɆɕȿ ȼ

ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɈɃ ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇȿ ɂ ȻɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɇȺɍɑɇɕɏ
ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂəɏ
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɨɟ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
1 ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
H-3 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 5 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ȽȻɤ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ
C-14 Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ȽȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 10 ɆȻɤ Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ȼɵɞɵɯɚɟɦɵɣ CO2
F-18 ɗɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨɡɢɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ɍɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
Na-22 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ɤȻɤ ɀɢɞɤɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
74
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɨɟ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
1 ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
Na-24 Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 5 ȽȻɤ
P-32 Ɍɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɞɨ 200 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
P-33 Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ɆȻɤ ɫɬɨɤɢ
S-35 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 5 ȽȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɨɤɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Cl-36 Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 5 ɆȻɤ Ƚɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ, ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ca-45 Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 100 ɆȻɤ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ
Ca-47 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 1 ȽȻɤ ɇɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ
Sc-46 Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Cr-51 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 5 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 100 ɤȻɤ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
Co-57 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ɤȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
Co-58 Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ -
Fe-59 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
Ga-67 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 200 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɫɬɨɤɢ
Kr-81m ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɨ 2 ȽȻɤ Ƚɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
Sr-85 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Rb-86 Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Sr-89 Ɍɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɞɨ 300 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Y-90 Ɍɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 300 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ
Nb-95 Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Tc-99m Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 1 ȽȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ
In-111 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
I-123 Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
I-135 ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɚɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
I-131 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ
Ɍɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɞɨ 10 ȽȻɤ
ɞɨ 50 ɆȻɤ
Sn-113 Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Xe-133 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 400 ɆȻɤ Ƚɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ
Sm-153 Ɍɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɞɨ 8 ȽȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Au-198 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 500 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Tl-201 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ 200 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Hg-197 Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ 50 ɆȻɤ Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɟ, ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
Hg-203 Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɫɵɥɤɢ: ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
75
ɂɁɔəɌɂȿ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄȺ / ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 4
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɍȾȺɅȿɇɂȿ ɊȺȾɂɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɈȽɈ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ
ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ
ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ,
ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ, ɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ

ɩɨɪɨɲɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɛɟɡ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɥɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ,
ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɫɨɪɨɦ, ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨɛ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɢ,
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɧɞɵ, ɬɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɚɜɚɪɢɟɣ.
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɞɨ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ, ɜ
ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɭɞɚ.
¾ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
¾ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
¾ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
¾ɉɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
76
ɂɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ /
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ1, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 4
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ
ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ,
ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ, ɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
2.1 ɉɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
2.2 ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɵɪɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɟ, ɩɪɨɥɢɬɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ,
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɦɟɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ).
2.3 Ⱦɥɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ (ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ) ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ȼ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ
ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɬɢɩɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɑɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɨɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɪɚɡɥɢɬɨɟ ɞɢɡɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ.
ȼɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ

ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɢɫɤɚ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ
ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ.
3.1 ȼ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɦ,

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ, ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɜɟɫ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
3.2 ȼ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɛɢɬ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɚ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
77
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ

ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɸɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɜɨɡɥɟ ɲɨɫɫɟ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ, ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦɭ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ. ȼ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ, ɤɭɞɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ
ɬɢɩ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ, ɩɨɝɪɭɡɱɢɤɢ, ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
5.1 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ

ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
5.2 ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
5.3 ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
5.4 ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɜ
ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɯ). ɋɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɪɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɬɹɠɟɥɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɧɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ,
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ) ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɥɢɬ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɥɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ

ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɢ ɨɬ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ:
78
i. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɡɨɧɵ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ

ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɩɪɨɥɢɬɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɜ
ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ.
ii. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ,
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ ɫ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɦɨɦ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɚɜɢɚɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɚ
ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ.
iii. ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɮɨɧɨɜɨɦɭ. ɗɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɩɚɥ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɭɸ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɥɸɛɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɬɵ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɧɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɭɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ,
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ
ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɯ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɨ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɜɟɡɟɧɵ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɟɟ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɩɪɨɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɹɫɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɧɹɬɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɨɧɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɟ
ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ.
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ [2] ɤɚɤ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ [12, 13, 14].
79
ȾȿɁȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂə ɅɘȾȿɃ ɂ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 7
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂə
ɐɟɥɶ
ɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ,
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɫ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɭɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ, ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ, ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɱ:
ɨɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ; ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɟɯ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ).
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ

ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɦ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ, ɤɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ, ɩɨɦɵɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɭɲɟɦ
ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɢɪɚɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ.
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ, ɤɬɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ

ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɨɧ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ.
"ɉɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ" ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. "Ʉɨɧɮɢɫɤɚɰɢɹ" ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
(ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ) ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.
80
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ2, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 7
¾ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɬɢɩ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
¾Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɞɧɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɟɫɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ [5]
ɞɚɧɵ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ
ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ: ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ, ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɞɭɲɟɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɧɚɫɨɫɵ, ɲɥɚɧɝɢ, ɳɟɬɤɢ, ɦɟɬɥɚ, ɝɭɛɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
ȼɨɞɚ, ɫɬɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ, ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɫɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɬɶɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ,
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ:
¾ɫɬɨɤ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ: 20 ɆȻɤ ɧɚ 5000 ɥɢɬɪɨɜ

¾ɫɬɨɤ ɜ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ: 2 ɆȻɤ ɧɚ 5000 ɥɢɬɪɨɜ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ

ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ȼɥɚɠɧɚɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɚ ɜ
ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ȼ1).
Ɂɨɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ. ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɷɬɭ ɡɨɧɭ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
81
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ [6]. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ.
Ʌɢɰɚ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ, ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ
ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ, ɧɨ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɍȼ,
ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɹɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɡɤɚ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɡɹɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɟ
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɣɬɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɟɬ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ,
ɤɚɫɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɚ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ.
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂə
* Ɇɵɥɨ, ɳɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ), ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ

ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
* ɉɪɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
* ɇɨɫɢɬɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ – ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ
ɛɚɯɢɥɵ.
* ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ.
* ɇɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
* ɒɬɚɬ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ (Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ [6]).
* ɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɟɞɵ, ɩɢɬɶɹ ɢ ɤɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɡɨɧɟ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɢ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
82
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
Ʌɸɞɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɦɵɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɦɵɥɨɦ ɢ
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɬɢɪɚɹ ɢɯ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɤɨɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɭɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ƚ7.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɬɶɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Ⱦɍȼ, ɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ
ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ "ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ". Ʌɸɞɢ ɫ "ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ"
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 7
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɳ ɢɥɢ ɫɚɩɨɝɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɦɨɸɬɫɹ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɫɚɥɨɧɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɣ,
ɤɨɠɚɧɨɣ ɨɛɭɜɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 8
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ Ⱦɍȼ, ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɢɯ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɤɨɧɮɢɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɬɶ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 9
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɧɭɬɵ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ2). ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɚɪɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 10
ɂɡɦɟɪɶɬɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɟ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ "ɜɵɲɟ
ɱɟɦ…" ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ.
83
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɲɥɚɧɝɚɦɢ, ɳɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ, ɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɥɭ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 11
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɦɵɥɨɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɲɥɚɧɝɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɇɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ
ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɵɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ.
ɇɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɦɵɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɧɭɥɹ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɨɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 12
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ, ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɭɣɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ Ʉɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ
ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ3). Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ [6]).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 13
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɬɟɯ
ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ, ɧɨ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ Ⱦɍȼ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɸ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɦ Ⱦɍȼ, ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɭɣɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ
ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ Ʉɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ3). Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ
ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ [6]).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 14
ȿɫɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɭɣɬɟ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ Ʉɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ3). Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ
84
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ2, ɋɬɪ.6 ɢɡ 7
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ

ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ [6]).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 15
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟ Ⱦɍȼ,
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɡɹɬɢɟɦ ɦɚɡɤɚ (ɫɦ.
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ Ⱥ5 ɜ [6]). ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɟ Ⱦɍȼ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ
ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ Ⱦɍȼ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧ ɜ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɢ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ Ʉɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ3). Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ [6]).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 16
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ [6]. ɉɪɢ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ.
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɧɭɠɧɚ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɬɢɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ, ɦɵɬɶɟɦ ɫ ɦɵɥɨɦ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 17
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɣ, ɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɫɞɚɟɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɵɞɚɣɬɟ ɟɦɭ Ʉɜɢɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɧɚ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ3). Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɜɟɪɧɭɬɵ, ɩɪɨɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ (Ʉɚɪɬɚ Ƚ2).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 18
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɚɪɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɥɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɨɱɚ ɢ ɤɚɥ,
ɧɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɚ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ in vivo, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ in vitro.
85
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
86
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ƚ7. ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ ɉɈ ɂɇȾɂȼɂȾɍȺɅɖɇɈɃ ȾȿɁȺɄɌɂȼȺɐɂɂ
ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɟɬɨɞ* Ɍɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ

Ʉɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɵ, ɪɭɤɢ Ɇɵɥɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ Ɇɵɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2-3 ɦɢɧɭɬ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ɇɵɬɶ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɪɭɤ, ɩɪɟɞɩɥɟɱɶɹ ɢ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɚɞ
ɢ ɬɟɥɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɦɵɬɶɟ 2 ɪɚɡɚ. ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɨɣ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɭɲ ɞɥɹ ɦɵɬɶɹ
ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ. **
Ɇɵɥɨ, ɦɹɝɤɚɹ ɳɟɬɤɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ, Ɉɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɦɵɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɬɶ ɳɟɬɤɨɣ. Ɇɵɬɶ ɩɨ 2 ɉɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɚɧɨɥɢɧ
ɫɭɯɢɟ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɭɬɵ 3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɩɪɨɩɨɥɨɫɤɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ. ɢɥɢ ɤɪɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɦɭɤɚ ɝɪɭɛɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɥɚ ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ.***
ɤɨɠɢ.
Ɇɵɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɚɫɬɭ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɬɶ ɤɨɠɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɚɧɨɥɢɧ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɟɪɝɟɧɬ, ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɠɢ. ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ.***
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ
Ƚɥɚɡɚ, ɭɲɢ, ɪɨɬ ɉɪɨɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ Ƚɥɚɡɚ: Ɉɬɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɜɟɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ
ɍɲɢ: ɉɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ ɜɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɧɤɭ;
ɬɚɦɩɨɧɚɦɢ. ɨɬɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ
Ɋɨɬ: ɉɪɨɩɨɥɨɫɤɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɣ - ɧɟ ɝɥɨɬɚɬɶ. ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ.
ȼɨɥɨɫɵ Ɇɵɥɨ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ Ɉɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɦɵɥɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɬɶ ɳɟɬɤɨɣ. Ɇɵɬɶ ɩɨ 2 ɉɪɢ ɦɵɬɶɟ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɤɢɧɭɬɵ
ɦɢɧɭɬɵ 3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɩɪɨɩɨɥɨɫɤɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ. ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɚ ɜ
ɪɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɨɫ.
Ɇɵɥɨ, ɦɹɝɤɚɹ ɳɟɬɤɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɚɫɬɭ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɬɶ ɤɨɠɭ. ɉɪɢ ɦɵɬɶɟ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɤɢɧɭɬɵ
ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɥɚ ɜ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ2, ɋɬɪ.7 ɢɡ 7

ɤɨɠɢ. ɪɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɧɨɫ.
ɋɬɪɢɠɤɚ / ɛɪɢɬɶɟ ɜɨɥɨɫ ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɠɢ Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ
ɝɨɥɨɜɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ.
ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ.
* ɇɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɩɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ.
** ɉɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɧɵ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɫɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɛɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɧɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜɪɚɱɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ.
*** ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɤɪɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɬɶ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ; ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɪɟɦ.
ɍȾȺɅȿɇɂȿ ɊȺȾɂɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 2
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɈɌɏɈȾɈȼ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ʉ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ, ɧɟɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɡ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɢ
ɫ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ
ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
¾Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ
¾ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ, ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɵ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ, ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ.
87
ɍɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ƚ3, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 2
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɡɥɢɬɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,
ɚɛɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɜɟɬɨɲɶ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɭ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ: ɨɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɯ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɝɞɟ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ
ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɡ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɭ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢ ɬɢɩ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɭɬɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
Ɍɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɜɫɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɨ ɢɯ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɩɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 6
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɨ ɞɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɭ
ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ

ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ.
ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ:
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ
[Ȼɤ/ɤɝ]
[Ȼɤ/ɤɝ]
K-40 370 100 – 700
U-238 ɢɥɢ Ra-226 25 10 – 50
Th-232 25 7 – 50
88
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ⱦ
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȾɈɁ ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə Ⱦ0
ɈȻɁɈɊ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ ȾɈɁ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ, ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɵ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɩɭɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ. ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ
(ɢɦɦɟɪɫɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ), ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢɥɢ
ɨɫɟɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɠɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ,
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɢ ɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, - ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɪɚɧɵ.
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ET = Eext + Einh + Eing

Ƚɞɟ:
ET = Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
Eext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Einh = Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ
Eing = Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡɵ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ –
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɫ

ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ ɧɚɣɞɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ,
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
91
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ0, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
¾Ɍɢɩ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
¾ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ
¾Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ
¾ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ
¾ɏɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡɵ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɋɨɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɋɸɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ:
i. ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ ɫ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɣ ɧɢɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɂɗȾ);
ii. ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɡ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɞɧɵɟ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɸɦɢɧɟɫɰɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ (ɌɅȾ), - ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ;
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
iii. ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɧɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ;
iv. ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ,
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɦɨɱɢ ɢ ɤɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ;
v. ɜ (iii) ɢ (iv) ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢɥɢ
ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ;
vi. ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɦɢɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɸ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ
ɞɥɹ ɰɢɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (i) ɢ (ii) ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ
ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ
ɩɪɹɦɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ ȼɋȿȽɈ ɲɬɚɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɦɨɝ ɩɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɵ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɧɟ
ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ, ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɡɵ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ.
92
Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ0, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɢɩ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ: ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ:

Ɍɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ E1
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɧɚ
E2
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ)
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ E3
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ E4
ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ E5
ɉɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ E6
ɂɦɦɟɪɫɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ E7
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ, ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.
93
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 8
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɌɈɑȿɑɇɕɃ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ) ɢɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ 1 ɦ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ).
ɗɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɧɟ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ.
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
¾Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
¾ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ,
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ,
ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ d ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɧɭɥɸ.
d
A ⋅ CF6 ⋅ Te ⋅ (0.5)d1 / 2
Eext =
X2
ɝɞɟ:
Eext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ [ɦɁɜ]
A = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ [ɤȻɤ]
Te = ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [ɱɚɫ]
CF6 = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ1 [(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ)]
X = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ [ɦ]
d1/2 = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ2 [ɫɦ]
d = Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ [ɫɦ]
94
Ɍɨɱɟɱɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ1, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 8
d ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ [ɫɦ], ɚ X – ɜ [ɦ].
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ,
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ,
ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ d ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɧɭɥɸ.
d
& = A ⋅ CF7 ⋅ (0.5) d1 / 2

D
X2
Ƚɞɟ:
D& = Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ [ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ]
CF7 = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ1 [(ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ)]
X = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ [ɦ]
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
&
D
a= 1
&
D 2
ɢ:
x
X1 =
1− a
Ƚɞɟ:
X1 = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ M1) [ɦ]
x = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ [ɦ]
&
D = ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ M1 [ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ]
1
&
2
95
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:
D& ⋅ X2
A= 1 1
d
CF7 ⋅ 0.5 d1 / 2
Ƚɞɟ:
X1 = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ M1) [ɦ]
&
1
96
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ1. ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾȺ ȾɅə ɌɈɑȿɑɇɈȽɈ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄȺ

ɇȺ ɊȺɋɋɌɈəɇɂɂ 1 ɆȿɌɊȺ ɈɌ ɇȿȽɈ
CF6 CF7a CF6 CF7a

Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ (ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ)/ Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ (ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ)/
(ɤȻɤ) (ɤȻɤ) (ɤȻɤ) (ɤȻɤ)
H-3 0.0 0.0 Ru-103 5.0E-08 7.9E-08
C-14 0.0 0.0 Ru-105 8.1E-08 1.3E-07
Na-22 2.2E-07 3.4E-07 Ru-106 1.4E-09 7.1E-09
Na-24 3.8E-07 5.1E-07 Ru-106+ 1.4E-09 7.1E-09
P-32 0.0 0.0 Rh-106
P-33 0.0 0.0 Ag-110m 2.8E-07 4.2E-07
S-35 0.0 0.0 Cd-109+ 1.6E-07 2.9E-07
Cl-36 3.1E-13 2.1E-11 Ag-109m
K-40 1.6E-08 2.2E-08 Cd-113m 0.0 0.0
K-42 2.8E-08 3.9E-08 In-114m 1.0E-08 3.5E-08
Ca-45 8.9E-17 6.1E-15 Sn-113 3.4E-09 4.2E-08
Sc-46 2.1E-07 3.1E-07 Sn-123 7.0E-10 1.1E-09
Ti-44 1.1E-08 2.8E-08 Sn-126+ 5.7E-09 2.2E-08
V-48 2.9E-07 4.4E-07 Sb-126m
Cr-51 3.4E-09 2.0E-08 Sb-124 1.9E-07 2.8E-07
Mn-54 8.6E-08 1.5E-07 Sb-126 2.8E-07 4.4E-07
Mn-56 1.7E-07 2.4E-07 Sb-126m 4.9E-10 7.8E-10
Fe-55 3.2E-10 2.2E-08 Sb-127 6.8E-08 1.1E-07
Fe-59 1.2E-07 1.8E-07 Sb-129 1.5E-07 2.2E-07
Co-58 1.0E-07 1.6E-07 Te-127 6.0E-09 1.1E-08
Co-60 2.5E-07 3.6E-07 Te-127m 1.6E-09 1.2E-08
Ni-63 0.0 0.0 Te-129 4.2E-08 6.5E-08
Cu-64 2.0E-08 4.7E-08 Te-129m+ 4.6E-08 7.8E-08
Zn-65 6.0E-08 1.3E-07 Te-129
Ga-68 9.8E-08 1.5E-07 Te-131 4.5E-08 7.1E-08
Ge-68+ 9.8E-08 2.1E-07 Te-131m 1.5E-07 2.2E-07
Ga-68 Te-132 2.3E-08 4.9E-08
Se-75 3.9E-08 1.4E-07 I-125 5.9E-09 3.8E-08
Kr-85 2.3E-10 3.6E-10 I-129 3.4E-09 2.1E-08
Kr-85m 1.5E-08 3.0E-08 I-131 3.9E-08 6.2E-08
Kr-87 7.8E-08 1.1E-07 I-132 2.4E-07 3.6E-07
Kr-88+ 2.5E-07 3.5E-07 I-133 6.2E-08 9.8E-08
Rb-88 I-134 2.7E-07 4.1E-07
Rb-86 9.6E-09 1.4E-08 I-135+ 3.8E-07 5.4E-07
Rb-87 0.0 0.0 Xe-135
Rb-88 5.7E-08 5.2E-08 Xe-131m 2.7E-09 1.7E-08
Sr-89 1.4E-11 2.1E-11 Xe-133 4.6E-09 1.9E-08
Sr-90 0.0 0.0 Xe-133m 4.8E-09 2.1E-08
Sr-91 7.1E-08 1.1E-07 Xe-135 2.4E-08 3.8E-08
Y-90 0.0 0.0 Xe-138 1.1E-07 1.6E-07
Y-91 3.7E-10 5.5E-10 Cs-134 1.6E-07 2.5E-07
Y-91m 5.5E-08 8.7E-08 Cs-136 2.2E-07 3.4E-07
Zr-93 0.0 0.0 Ba-137m 6.2E-08 9.5E-08
Zr-95 7.6E-08 1.2E-07 Cs-137+ 6.2E-08 9.5E-08
Nb-94 1.6E-07 2.5E-07 Ba-137m
Nb-95 7.9E-08 1.2E-07 Ba-133 4.1E-08 9.3E-08
Mo-99 1.6E-08 2.6E-08 Cs-138 3.0E-09 4.2E-09
Tc-99 4.1E-14 6.4E-14 Ba-140 2.0E-08 4.3E-08
Tc-99m 1.2E-08 2.1E-08 La-140 2.3E-07 3.4E-07
Rh-103 2.1E-08 3.0E-08 Ce-141 7.2E-09 1.4E-08
Ce-144+ 3.1E-09 1.1E-08
Pr-144
97
CF6 CF7a CF6 CF7a

Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ (ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ)/ Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ (ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ)/
(ɤȻɤ) (ɤȻɤ) (ɤȻɤ) (ɤȻɤ)
Pr-144m 2.9E-09 2.8E-08 U- 2.3E-10 1.5E-08
Pr-144 1.2E-09 5.8E-09 ɨɛɟɞɧ./ɩɪɢɪ.b 2.8E-10 1.8E-08
Pm-145 3.6E-09 2.0E-08 U-ɨɛɨɝ.b 3.2E-10 2.1E-08
Pm-147 2.9E-13 4.4E-13 U-232 1.7E-08 4.6E-08
Sm-151 2.3E-12 9.8E-11 Pa-233 1.2E-10 6.8E-09
Eu-152 1.2E-07 1.9E-07 U-233 2.8E-10 1.8E-08
Eu-154 1.3E-07 2.0E-07 U-234 1.4E-08 7.4E-08
Eu-155 5.3E-09 1.6E-08 U-235 0.0 0.0
Gd-153 1.1E-08 4.3E-08 U-236 2.3E-10 1.5E-08
Tb-160 1.1E-07 1.8E-07 U-238
Ho-166m 1.6E-07 2.7E-07 Np-237 3.8E-09 5.0E-08
Tm-170 5.0E-10 4.8E-09 Pu-236 3.4E-10 9.9E-09
Yb-169 2.9E-08 9.8E-08 Pu-238 3.0E-10 8.8E-09
Hf-172 2.2E-08 4.9E-08 Np-239 0.0 0.0
Hf-181 5.5E-08 1.0E-07 Pu-239 1.2E-10 3.4E-09
Ta-182 1.3E-07 2.2E-07 Pu-240 2.8E-10 8.4E-09
W-187 4.9E-08 8.6E-08 Pu-241 0.0 0.0
Ir-192 8.3E-08 1.4E-07 Pu-242 2.3E-10 6.9E-09
Au-198 4.1E-08 6.7E-08 Am-241 3.1E-09 3.7E-08
Hg-203 2.3E-08 4.5E-08 Am-242 8.5E-10 2.5E-08
Ti-204 1.0E-10 1.1E-09 Am-243 5.4E-09 3.8E-08
Pb-210 6.9E-10 3.5E-08 Cm-242 3.1E-10 9.2E-09
Bi-207 1.6E-07 2.9E-07 Cm-243 1.3E-08 6.6E-08
Bi-210 0.0 0.0 Cm-244 2.8E-10 8.2E-09
Po-210 8.8E-13 1.3E-12 Cm-245 7.5E-09 6.0E-08
Ra-226 6.2E-10 2.2E-09 Cf-252 2.1E-10 6.1E-09
Ac-227 3.9E-11 2.0E-09
Ac-228 9.5E-08 2.1E-07
Th-227 1.1E-08 8.4E-08
Th-228 3.9E-10 1.6E-08
Th-230 2.3E-10 1.4E-08
Th-231 2.5E-10 7.3E-09
Th-232 2.1E-10 1.4E-08
Pa-231 4.3E-09 7.9E-08
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ CONDOS ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 1 ɦɟɬɪ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ.
a Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ 1ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ § 0.1 Ɋ/ɱɚɫ.
b Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ U-238, ɚ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɧɚ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ U-234. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ U-234 (ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ). Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɦɟɫɶɸ U-234, 235 ɢ 238, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 10%, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ.
CF6 Ⱦɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚ 1 ɱɚɫ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1ɤȻɤ.
CF7 Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 1 ɦ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1 ɤȻɤ.
98
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ2. ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌ ɉɈɅɈȼɂɇɇɈȽɈ ɈɋɅȺȻɅȿɇɂə (HVL) d1/2
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ d1/2 – ɷɬɨ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ “ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ”, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
d1/2 [ɫɦ]
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ
ɋɜɢɧɟɰa ɀɟɥɟɡɨa Ala ȼɨɞɚa ȼɨɡɞɭɯb Ȼɟɬɨɧa
H-3 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
C-14 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Na-22 0.67 1.38 3.85 9.4 7.94E+03 4.35
Na-24 1.32 2.14 6.22 14.75 1.27E+04 6.88
P-32 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
P-33 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
S-35 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Cl-36 0 0.01 0.02 0.04 3.90E+01 0.02
K-40 1.15 1.8 4.99 11.97 1.02E+04 5.63
K-42 1.18 1.84 5.1 12.21 1.04E+04 5.75
Ca-45 0.01 0.03 0.1 0.24 2.12E+02 0.11
Sc-46 0.82 1.48 4.2 9.84 8.47E+03 4.66
Ti-44 0.04 0.21 0.6 1.41 1.25E+03 0.67
V-48 0.8 1.48 4.18 9.95 8.50E+03 4.67
Cr-51 0.17 0.82 2.38 5.69 4.98E+03 2.68
Mn-54 0.68 1.33 3.8 9 7.70E+03 4.22
Mn-56 0.94 1.65 4.78 11.13 9.66E+03 5.27
Fe-55 0 0.02 0.05 0.12 1.02E+02 0.05
Fe-59 0.94 1.59 4.51 10.58 9.10E+03 5.02
Co-60 1 1.66 4.65 10.99 9.42E+03 5.2
Ni-63 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Cu-64 0.41 1.08 3.01 7.61 6.32E+03 3.43
Zn-65 0.87 1.53 4.34 10.15 8.74E+03 4.81
Ga-68 0.42 1.09 3.04 7.67 6.38E+03 3.47
Ge-68+Ga-68c 0.42 1.09 3.04 7.67 6.38E+03 3.47
Ge-68 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.18 1.60E+02 0.09
Se-75 0.12 0.62 1.79 4.26 3.74E+03 2.01
Kr-85 0.41 1.07 3 7.59 6.31E+03 3.43
Kr-85m 0.1 0.5 1.46 3.46 3.05E+03 1.64
Kr-87 0.83 1.67 4.84 11.46 9.92E+03 5.36
Kr-88+Rb-88c 1.17 1.89 5.51 12.74 1.11E+04 6.05
Kr-88 1.20 1.95 5.71 13.2 1.16E+04 6.25
Rb-86 0.87 1.53 4.35 10.13 8.74E+03 4.81
Rb-88 1.17 1.89 5.51 12.74 1.11E+04 6.05
Sr-89 0.74 1.4 4 9.35 8.05E+03 4.42
Sr-90 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Sr-91 0.71 1.38 3.94 9.31 7.98E+03 4.38
Y-91 0.96 1.62 4.57 10.74 9.23E+03 5.09
Zr-93 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Zr-95 0.6 1.26 3.58 8.61 7.31E+03 4
Nb-94 0.64 1.30 3.70 8.84 7.54E+03 4.13
Nb-95 0.62 1.28 3.63 8.72 7.42E+03 4.06
Mo-99+Tc-99mc 0.49 1.11 3.16 7.6 6.48E+03 3.54
Mo-99 0.49 1.11 3.16 7.6 6.48E+03 3.54
Tc-99 0.05 0.25 0.73 1.73 1.53E+03 0.82
Tc-99m 0.07 0.39 1.13 2.68 2.37E+03 1.27
Ru-103 0.4 1.06 2.97 7.53 6.25E+03 3.4
Ru-105 0.48 1.16 3.28 7.98 6.77E+03 3.69
Rh-106 0.49 1.17 3.29 8.16 6.84E+03 3.73
Ru-106+Rh-106c 0.49 1.17 3.29 8.16 6.84E+03 3.73
99
d1/2 [ɫɦ]
Ru-106 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Ag-110m 0.71 1.38 3.91 9.36 7.98E+03 4.38
Cd-109 0.01 0.06 0.18 0.43 3.80E+02 0.2
Cd-113m 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
In-114m 0.23 0.75 2.14 5.18 4.45E+03 2.41
Sn-113 0.02 0.09 0.27 0.65 5.71E+02 0.31
Sn-123 0.88 1.53 4.36 10.16 8.77E+03 4.83
Sn-126+Sb-126mc 0.48 1.15 3.27 7.99 6.76E+03 3.68
Sn-126 0.04 0.19 0.55 1.3 1.15E+03 0.62
Sb-124 0.83 1.55 4.39 10.49 8.98E+03 4.9
Sb-126 0.52 1.19 3.37 8.21 6.95E+03 3.79
Sb-126m 0.48 1.15 3.27 7.99 6.76E+03 3.68
Sb-127 0.47 1.14 3.24 7.92 6.70E+03 3.65
Sb-129 0.72 1.4 3.98 9.45 8.09E+03 4.43
Te-127m 0.01 0.08 0.23 0.54 4.76E+02 0.26
Te-129 0.33 0.93 2.63 6.53 5.50E+03 2.99
Te-129m 0.38 0.82 2.33 5.65 4.79E+03 2.61
Te-131m 0.65 1.31 3.74 8.88 7.61E+03 4.17
Te-132 0.1 0.53 1.54 3.66 3.22E+03 1.73
I-125 0.01 0.08 0.23 0.54 4.77E+02 0.26
I-129 0.02 0.09 0.25 0.6 5.26E+02 0.28
I-131 0.25 0.93 2.67 6.5 5.59E+03 3.02
I-132 0.63 1.31 3.7 8.91 7.57E+03 4.14
I-133 0.47 1.15 3.23 8.05 6.74E+03 3.67
I-134 0.72 1.4 3.98 9.43 8.08E+03 4.43
I-135+Xe-135mc 0.98 1.66 4.7 11.06 9.53E+03 5.23
I-135 0.98 1.66 4.7 11.06 9.53E+03 5.23
Xe-131m 0.02 0.1 0.29 0.7 6.16E+02 0.33
Xe-133 0.03 0.16 0.47 1.11 9.80E+02 0.53
Xe-133m 0.05 0.25 0.73 1.72 1.52E+03 0.82
Xe-135 0.14 0.72 2.1 4.99 4.38E+03 2.36
Xe-135m 0.41 1.07 2.99 7.54 6.27E+03 3.41
Xe-138 0.9 1.64 4.79 11.09 9.72E+03 5.26
Cs-134 0.57 1.24 3.5 8.5 7.19E+03 3.93
Cs-136 0.65 1.32 3.76 8.86 7.62E+03 4.18
Cs-137+Ba-137mc 0.53 1.19 3.35 8.2 6.92E+03 3.77
Cs-137 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Ba-133 0.16 0.67 1.92 4.63 4.02E+03 2.17
Ba-137m 0.53 1.19 3.35 8.2 6.92E+03 3.77
Ba-140 0.33 0.96 2.69 6.72 5.65E+03 3.06
La-140 0.93 1.64 4.63 11.04 9.47E+03 5.19
Ce-141 0.07 0.37 1.07 2.52 2.23E+03 1.2
Ce-144+Pr-144mc 0.05 0.28 0.82 1.95 1.72E+03 0.93
Pr-144
Pr-144m 0.02 0.1 0.28 0.67 5.88E+02 0.32
Pm-145 0.02 0.11 0.31 0.74 6.56E+02 0.35
Pm-147 0.06 0.34 0.99 2.35 2.08E+03 1.12
Sm-147
Sm-151 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.21 1.82E+02 0.1
Eu-152 0.66 1.32 3.73 8.84 7.59E+03 4.17
Eu-154 0.74 1.38 3.91 9.24 7.92E+03 4.35
Eu-155 0.04 0.23 0.66 1.56 1.37E+03 0.74
Gd-153 0.03 0.18 0.51 1.21 1.07E+03 0.57
Tb-160 0.68 1.35 3.84 9.01 7.77E+03 4.26
Ho-166m 0.45 1.09 3.1 7.46 6.37E+03 3.48
Tm-170 0.03 0.18 0.51 1.21 1.06E+03 0.57
100
d1/2 [ɫɦ]
Yb-169 0.06 0.3 0.87 2.05 1.81E+03 0.97
Hf-181 0.27 0.86 2.41 6.02 5.07E+03 2.75
Ta-182 0.8 1.39 3.94 9.26 7.97E+03 4.39
W-187 0.43 1.03 2.91 7.17 6.04E+03 3.29
Ir-192 0.24 0.92 2.64 6.42 5.52E+03 2.98
Au-198 0.29 0.97 2.74 6.77 5.75E+03 3.11
Hg-203 0.14 0.73 2.13 5.04 4.44E+03 2.39
Tl-204 0.03 0.18 0.53 1.27 1.12E+03 0.6
Pb-210 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.35 3.11E+02 0.17
Bi-207 0.65 1.3 3.68 8.79 7.50E+03 4.11
Bi-210 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Po-210 0.65 1.31 3.73 8.88 7.58E+03 4.15
Ra-226 0.09 0.48 1.4 3.32 2.93E+03 1.58
Ac-227 0.01 0.08 0.22 0.52 4.57E+02 0.25
Ac-228 0.67 1.35 3.84 9.05 7.79E+03 4.27
Th-227 0.11 0.58 1.69 4.01 3.53E+03 1.9
Th-228 0.02 0.13 0.37 0.88 7.73E+02 0.42
Th-230 0.01 0.05 0.14 0.34 3.02E+02 0.16
Th-232 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.28 2.48E+02 0.13
Pa-231 0.09 0.46 1.35 3.2 2.82E+03 1.51
U-232 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.29 2.59E+02 0.14
U-233 0.01 0.06 0.16 0.39 3.44E+02 0.18
U-234 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.28 2.42E+02 0.13
U-235 0.09 0.46 1.35 3.19 2.81E+03 1.51
U-238 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.27 2.36E+02 0.13
Np-237 0.03 0.12 0.41 0.98 8.62E+02 0.46
Pu-236 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.27 2.39E+02 0.13
Pu-238 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.27 2.37E+02 0.13
Pu-239 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.29 2.58E+02 0.14
Pu-240 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.27 2.37E+02 0.13
Pu-241 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 0
Pu-242 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.27 2.37E+02 0.13
Am-241 0.02 0.12 0.35 0.82 7.27E+02 0.39
Am-242m 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.3 2.67E+02 0.14
Am-243 0.03 0.18 0.52 1.24 1.09E+03 0.59
Cm-242 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.28 2.48E+02 0.13
Cm-243 0.08 0.43 1.26 2.98 2.63E+03 1.41
Cm-244 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.28 2.47E+02 0.13
Cm-245 0.05 0.27 0.79 1.86 1.64E+03 0.88
Cf-252 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.3 2.61E+02 0.14
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ CONDOS. ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ.
a 0 = < 0.01
b 0 = < 0.99
c ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ.
101
ɅɂɇȿɃɇɕɃ ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄ ɂ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɍɌȿɑɄȺ ɊȺȾɂɈȺɄɌɂȼɇɈȽɈ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ; ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɹɬɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɨɡɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ 1 ɦ, ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
¾Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
¾Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ (ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) ɨɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
(ɬɪɭɛɤɢ), ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:
π ⋅ CF6 ⋅ A1 ⋅ Te
E ext =
X
Ƚɞɟ:
X = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɬɪɭɛɤɢ) [ɦ]
Eext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ [ɦɁɜ]
Al = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 1 ɦ [Ȼɤ/ɦ]
Te = ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [ɱɚɫ]
102
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ2, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɏ ɨɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɬɪɭɛɤɢ),
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
& = π ⋅ CF6 ⋅ A1
D
X
Ƚɞɟ:
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɬɪɭɛɤɢ) ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
& ⋅X
D
A1 =
π ⋅ CF7
Ƚɞɟ:
ɍɬɟɱɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ (ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɹɬɧɚ,
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
X2 + R 2
E ext = 2π ⋅ CF6 ⋅ A s ⋅ Te ⋅ ln
X2
Ƚɞɟ:
X = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɹɬɧɚ [ɦ]
R = Ɋɚɞɢɭɫ ɩɹɬɧɚ [ɦ]
Eext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ [ɦɁɜ]
As = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɹɬɧɚ [Ȼɤ/ɦ2]
103
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ2, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɏ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɹɬɧɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
2 2
& = 2π ⋅ CF ⋅ A ⋅ ln X + R
D 7 s
X2
Ƚɞɟ:
D& =Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ [ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ]
X =Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɹɬɧɚ [ɦ]
R =Ɋɚɞɢɭɫ ɩɹɬɧɚ [ɦ]
As =Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɹɬɧɚ [Ȼɤ/ɦ2]
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɹɬɧɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
D&
As =
X2 + R 2
2 π ⋅ CF7 ⋅ ln
X2
Ƚɞɟ:
X = Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɹɬɧɚ [ɦ]
R = Ɋɚɞɢɭɫ ɩɹɬɧɚ [ɦ]
As = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɹɬɧɚ [Ȼɤ/ɦ2]
104
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 6
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɂȿ ɉɈɑȼɕ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɡɭ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ
(ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ), ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ – ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ, ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ (50 ɥɟɬ). ȿɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɭɸ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
¾Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ
¾Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ
¾ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɢ ɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ [6].
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ

ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ:
n
E ext = ¦ Cg ,i ⋅ CF4,i
i =1
Ƚɞɟ:
Eext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ [ɦɁɜ]
Cg ,i = ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ) ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i [ɤȻɤ/ɦ2]
CF4,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ3; ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ
ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i; ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɡɭ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
n = ɑɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ
105
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ3, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 6
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ

n
rep
¦C g ,i ⋅ CF4,i
E ext &*⋅
=H i =1
g n
rep
¦C g ,i ⋅ CF3,i
i =1
Ƚɞɟ:
H& * = Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 1 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ
g
[ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ]
CF3,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ3; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
1 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i
C g ,i = Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ) ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i [ɤȻɤ/ɦ2]
rep
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ

n
rep
¦C g ,i ⋅ CF4,i
sam i =1
E ext = C g, j ⋅
C grep, j
Ƚɞɟ:
2
C sam
g , j = Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ j ɜ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ [ɤȻɤ/ɦ ]
C grep, j = Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɯ (ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ) ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ j

[ɤȻɤ/ɦ2]
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ:
po
E ext = E ext ⋅ [SF ⋅ OF + (1 − OF)]
Ƚɞɟ:
po
E ext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨcɬɢ [ɦɁɜ]
SF = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ4
OF = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ SF, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ;
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ; ɩɨ
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 0.6
106
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ3. ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾȺ ȾɅə ɉɈɄȺɁȺɌȿɅȿɃ

ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɈɌ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɂə ɉɈɑȼɕ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF4b

ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF3a ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ [(ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ/ɦ2)]
ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ
1-ɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ 2-ɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ 50 ɥɟɬ
[(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ/ɦ2)]
ɇ-3 0.0E+00 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
C-14 5.7E-11 5.2E-07 4.9E-07 1.0E-04
Na-22 7.4E-06 3.7E-03 3.4E-03 8.4E-02
Na-24 1.3E-05 2.0E-04 0.0E+00 2.0E-04
P-32 1.0E-08 5.3E-06 1.2E-06 6.8E-06
P-33 1.6E-10 1.1E-06 4.4E-07 1.8E-06
S-35 5.9E-11 1.2E-06 8.7E-07 4.7E-06
Cl-36 2.4E-09 8.1E-06 7.7E-06 1.6E-03
K-40 5.2E-07 2.6E-04 2.5E-04 5.3E-02
K-42 9.4E-07 1.2E-05 0.0E+00 1.2E-05
Ca-45 1.6E-10 2.9E-06 2.4E-06 1.8E-05
Sc-46 6.8E-06 3.0E-03 2.2E-03 1.2E-02
Ti-44+Sc-44 7.8E-06 4.0E-03 3.8E-03 5.9E-01
V-48 9.8E-06 2.8E-03 7.1E-04 3.7E-03
Cr-51 1.1E-07 3.8E-05 1.7E-05 6.9E-05
Mn-54 2.9E-06 1.4E-03 1.2E-03 1.4E-02
Mn-56 5.6E-06 1.5E-05 0.0E+00 1.5E-05
Fe-55 0.0E+00 9.1E-07 8.5E-07 2.2E-05
Co-58 3.4E-06 1.6E-03 9.4E-04 3.9E-03
Fe-59 4.0E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Co-60 8.3E-06 4.2E-03 3.9E-03 1.7E-01
Ni-63 0.0E+00 5.3E-07 5.0E-07 9.1E-05
Cu-64 6.6E-07 8.6E-06 0.0E+00 8.6E-06
Zn-65 2.0E-06 9.4E-04 8.2E-04 8.0E-03
Ga-68 3.3E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Ge-68+Ga-68 3.3E-06 1.6E-03 1.4E-03 1.5E-02
Se-75 1.3E-06 6.2E-04 4.9E-04 3.1E-03
Kr-85 9.3E-09 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Kr-85m 5.4E-07 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Kr-87 2.6E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Kr-88+Rb-88 8.2E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Rb-86 3.3E-07 1.0E-04 3.2E-05 1.5E-04
Rb-87 3.1E-10 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Rb-88 2.1E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Sr-89 8.0E-09 1.1E-05 6.6E-06 2.8E-05
Sr-90 1.0E-09 1.7E-04 1.6E-04 2.1E-02
Sr-91 2.4E-06 3.4E-05 7.5E-08 3.4E-05
Y-90 1.9E-08 1.7E-06 6.7E-10 1.7E-06
Y-91 2.0E-08 1.7E-05 1.1E-05 4.9E-05
Y-91m 1.9E-06 1.6E-06 6.5E-09 1.6E-06
Zr-93 0.0E+00 2.2E-05 2.1E-05 4.8E-03
Zr-95 2.6E-06 1.4E-03 1.3E-03 6.8E-03
Nb-94 5.4E-06 2.7E-03 2.6E-03 5.5E-01
Nb-95 2.6E-06 1.0E-03 5.2E-04 2.1E-03
Mo-99+Tc-99m 9.5E-07 6.1E-05 3.1E-08 6.1E-05
Tc-99 2.8E-10 4.1E-06 3.9E-06 8.2E-04
Tc-99m 4.3E-07 2.7E-06 1.2E-14 2.7E-06
Ru-103 1.6E-06 6.4E-04 3.6E-04 1.5E-03
Ru-105 2.7E-06 1.4E-05 1.8E-12 1.4E-05
Rh-106 7.5E-07 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
107

Ru-106+Rh-106 7.5E-07 4.2E-04 3.8E-04 4.8E-03
Ag-110m 9.4E-06 4.5E-03 3.9E-03 3.9E-02
Cd-109+Ag-109m 1.1E-07 6.4E-05 5.8E-05 8.6E-04
Cd-113m 9.3E-10 1.1E-04 1.1E-04 9.2E-03
In-114m 3.2E-07 4.5E-04 3.5E-04 2.2E-03
Sn-113+In-113m 9.9E-07 2.2E-05 1.7E-05 1.2E-04
Sn-123 3.0E-08 3.2E-03 3.2E-03 7.0E-01
Sn-126+Sb-126m 5.3E-06 2.6E-03 1.7E-03 7.8E-03
Sb-124 6.0E-06 2.4E-03 4.2E-04 2.9E-03
Sb-126 9.8E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Sb-126m 5.4E-06 2.3E-04 1.1E-06 2.3E-04
Sb-127 2.4E-06 2.3E-05 4.9E-08 2.3E-05
Sb-129 4.9E-06 3.7E-06 3.6E-08 3.7E-06
Te-127 1.8E-08 1.8E-07 0.0E+00 1.8E-07
Te-127m 4.0E-08 3.4E-05 2.7E-05 1.6E-04
Te-129 2.1E-07 2.5E-07 9.7E-16 2.5E-07
Te-129m 1.3E-07 1.1E-04 5.4E-05 2.2E-04
Te-131 1.5E-06 1.2E-06 3.8E-08 1.2E-06
Te-131m 4.8E-06 2.0E-04 3.3E-06 2.0E-04
Te-132 8.0E-07 6.9E-04 1.1E-06 6.9E-04
I-125 1.5E-07 7.8E-05 5.2E-05 2.4E-04
I-129 9.1E-08 1.7E-04 1.6E-04 3.4E-02
I-131 1.3E-06 2.5E-04 1.8E-05 2.7E-04
I-132 7.8E-06 1.9E-05 0.0E+00 1.9E-05
I-133 2.1E-06 4.5E-05 0.0E+00 4.5E-05
I-134 8.9E-06 8.1E-06 0.0E+00 8.1E-06
I-135+Xe-135m 5.4E-06 3.7E-05 0.0E+00 3.7E-05
Xe-131m 7.3E-08 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Xe-133 1.6E-07 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Xe-135 8.5E-07 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Xe-138 3.6E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Cs-134 5.4E-06 2.7E-03 2.5E-03 5.1E-02
Cs-135 1.2E-10 7.0E-07 3.9E-07 8.5E-06
Cs-136 7.4E-06 1.9E-03 3.6E-04 2.3E-03
Cs-137+Ba-137m 2.1E-06 9.9E-04 9.4E-04 1.3E-01
Cs-138 7.7E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Ba-133 1.4E-06 7.0E-04 6.6E-04 4.8E-02
Ba-137m 2.1E-06 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Ba-140 6.4E-07 2.0E-03 4.4E-03 2.5E-03
La-140 7.6E-06 3.2E-04 1.2E-09 3.2E-04
Ce-141 2.6E-07 9.9E-05 4.9E-05 2.0E-04
Ce-144+Pr-144 2.0E-07 1.5E-04 1.3E-04 1.4E-03
Pr-144 1.3E-07 4.0E-08 0.0E+00 4.0E-08
Pr-144m 4.6E-08 2.2E-08 0.0E+00 2.2E-08
Pm-145 1.2E-07 6.0E-05 5.7E-05 5.8E-03
Pm-147 1.2E-10 4.4E-06 4.1E-06 1.0E-04
Sm-147 0.0E+00 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Sm-151 1.8E-11 3.5E-06 3.3E-06 5.9E-04
Eu-152 3.9E-06 2.0E-03 1.9E-03 1.6E-01
Eu-154 4.2E-06 2.1E-03 2.0E-03 1.3E-01
Eu-155 2.1E-07 1.1E-04 1.0E-04 4.2E-03
Gd-153 3.7E-07 1.8E-04 1.6E-04 1.5E-03
Tb-160 3.8E-06 1.7E-03 1.2E-03 5.8E-03
108

Ho-166m 6.0E-06 3.1E-03 2.9E-03 6.1E-01
Tm-170 2.1E-08 1.6E-05 1.3E-05 8.5E-05
Yb-169 1.1E-06 4.0E-04 2.0E-04 7.9E-04
Hf-172 4.0E-07 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Hf-181 1.9E-06 7.7E-04 4.5E-04 1.8E-03
Ta-182 4.3E-06 2.0E-03 1.6E-03 9.7E-03
W-187 1.7E-06 4.1E-05 0.0E+00 4.1E-05
Ir-192 2.8E-06 1.2E-03 8.9E-04 4.4E-03
Au-198 1.4E-06 9.4E-05 3.9E-08 9.4E-05
Hg-203 8.2E-07 3.3E-04 2.0E-04 8.5E-04
Tl-204 5.2E-09 4.0E-06 3.8E-06 1.2E-04
Pb-210 8.8E-09 1.9E-03 2.2E-03 5.9E-01
Bi-207 5.2E-06 2.6E-03 2.5E-03 3.4E-01
Bi-210 3.7E-09 1.2E-04 1.1E-04 7.3E-04
Po-210 2.9E-11 3.5E-03 2.9E+03 2.0E-02
Ra-226 2.3E-08 9.2E-03 9.2E-03 1.9E+00
Ac-227 5.5E-10 4.6E-01 4.4E-01 5.1E+01
Ac-228 3.3E-06 3.6E-05 1.4E-05 3.0E-04
Th-227 3.7E-07 7.7E-03 3.7E-03 1.3E-02
Th-228 8.3E-09 4.2E-02 3.9E-02 7.7E-01
Th-230 2.7E-09 3.7E-02 3.5E-02 7.5E+00
Th-231 6.5E-08 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
Th-232 1.9E-09 1.9E-01 1.8E-01 4.6E+01
Pa-231 1.4E-07 1.2E-01 1.1E-01 6.7E+01
Pa-233 6.9E-07 ɇɊ ɇɊ ɇɊ
U-232 3.6E-09 3.2E-02 3.1E-02 1.2E+01
U-233 2.5E-09 8.0E-03 7.6E-03 1.7E+00
U-234 2.6E-09 7.9E-03 7.4E-03 1.6E+00
U-235 5.2E-07 7.4E-03 7.0E-03 1.5E+00
U-236 2.3E-09 7.3E-03 6.9E-03 1.5E+00
U-238 1.9E-09 6.8E-03 6.4E-03 1.4E+00
U ɨɛɟɞɧ./ɩɪɢɪ. 1.9E-09 6.8E-03 6.4E-03 1.4E+00
U ɨɛɨɝɚɳ. 2.6E-09 7.9E-03 7.4E-03 1.6E+00
UF6g(sol 234) 2.6E-09 7.9E-03 7.4E-03 1.6E+00
Np-237 1.0E-07 2.6E-02 2.5E-02 5.3E+00
Np-239 5.8E-07 3.4E-05 6.4E-09 3.4E-05
Pu-236 3.5E-09 1.6E-02 1.5E-02 8.0E-01
Pu-238 3.0E-09 3.9E-02 3.7E-02 6.6E+00
Pu-239 1.3E-09 4.2E-02 4.0E-02 8.5E+00
Pu-240 2.8E-09 4.2E-02 4.0E-02 8.4E+00
Pu-241 6.8E-12 7.6E-04 7.2E-04 1.9E-01
Pu-242 2.4E-09 4.0E-02 3.8E-02 8.0E+00
Am-241 9.7E-08 3.5E-02 3.3E-02 6.7E+00
Am-242m 1.1E-08 3.2E-02 3.0E-02 6.3E+00
Am-243 1.9E-07 3.5E-02 3.3E-02 7.0E+00
Cm-242 3.4E-09 4.2E-03 3.5E-03 5.9E-02
Cm-243 4.4E-07 3.5E-02 3.3E-02 4.3E+00
Cm-244 3.1E-09 2.9E-02 2.7E-02 2.8E+00
Cm-245 3.1E-07 5.0E-02 4.7E-02 1.0E+01
Cf-252 2.6E-09 1.7E-02 1.5E-02 3.9E-01
ɋɫɵɥɤɢ: [15, 16, 17].
(a) ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ «ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ» ɢɡ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɦɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ [15],
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ III.3. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ȿɊȺ [16]
109
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɥɢ ɧɚ 1.4. Ⱦɨɡɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɨɱɟɪɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ,

ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ.
(b) ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ (1ȿ-6) ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ [17].
(c) Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɡɭ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ
ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ.
ɇɊ ɇɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ⱦ3 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɦɟɫɹɰɭ,

ɜɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɦɟɫɹɰɭ ɢ 50 ɝɨɞɚɦ, ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɍɱɬɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɡɚɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɤɚɦɢ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ International RASCAL (NRC95). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ (CF3) – ɷɬɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 1 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ
ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ i ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ 1 ɤȻɤ/ɦ2 ɫ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ CF4
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ RS=1E-6 ɦ-1,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ (ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ) ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ (ɫɬɚɪɵɯ) ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ4. ɎȺɄɌɈɊɕ ɗɄɊȺɇɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȾɅə ȼɕɉȺȾȿɇɂɃ ɇȺ

ɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɖ
Ɋɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ Ɋɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ
ɋɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
SF (a) ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɇɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 1 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1.0 -
ɇɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 1 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ 0.7 0.47 – 0.85
Ɉɞɧɨ- ɢ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ (ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɚ) 0.4 0.2 – 0.5
Ɉɞɧɨ- ɢ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ (ɛɟɡ

ɩɨɞɜɚɥɚ) 0.2 0.04 – 0.4
ɉɨɞɜɚɥɵ ɞɨɦɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ
ɢɥɢ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ
- ɨɞɧɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɣ, ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ɦ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɚ, ɨɛɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ
0.1 0.03 – 0.15
- ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɣ, ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 ɦ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɚ, ɨɛɥɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ
0.05 0.03 – 0.07
Ɍɪɟɯ- ɢɥɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ (ɨɬ 500 ɞɨ 1000 ɦ2 ɧɚ
ɷɬɚɠ)(b)
- ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɚɠ 0.05 0.01 – 0.08
- ɩɨɞɜɚɥ 0.01 0.001 – 0.07
Ɇɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ (> 1000 ɦ2 ɧɚ ɷɬɚɠ)(b)
- ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɷɬɚɠɢ
0.01 0.001 – 0.02
- ɩɨɞɜɚɥ
0.005 0.001 – 0.15
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [18].
(a) Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤ ɞɨɡɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɧɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ; ɜ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ ɢ ɨɤɨɧ.
(b) Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ SF ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ; ɞɥɹ ɫɭɯɢɯ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ
ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ [19].
110
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɂȿ ɄɈɀɂ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɨɬ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɩɨɩɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ.
Ⱦɨɡɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ.
Ⱦɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚ
ɤɨɠɭ ɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. ɋ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ
ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ
ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɟ, ɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸ
ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ
ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ƚ5, ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚ [19].
Ⱦɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɨɬ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɞɥɹ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɩɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
¾ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ (ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
H s,i = Cs,i ⋅ CF8,i ⋅ SFb ⋅ Te

ɢ:
H s = ¦ H s ,i
i
Ƚɞɟ:
Hs = ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ [ɦɁɜ]
Hs,i = ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i [ɦɁɜ]
Cs,i = ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɧɚ ɤɨɠɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɟ
[Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2]
CF8,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ ɤ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɛɟɬɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ5 [(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2)]
SFȕ = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;
ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ (ɥɟɬɨɦ, ɜɟɫɧɨɣ/ɨɫɟɧɶɸ, ɡɢɦɨɣ),
111
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ4, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ

ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 0.2 – 0.3 ɢ 0.001, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ [20].
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ5. ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾȺ Ʉ ɆɈɓɇɈɋɌɂ ȾɈɁɕ ȻȿɌȺ-

ɂɁɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɇȺ ɄɈɀɍ ɈɌ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺ, ȼɕɉȺȼɒȿȽɈ ɇȺ
ɄɈɀɍ ɂɅɂ ɇȺ ɈȾȿɀȾɍ
CF8 CF8
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ T1/2 ȿɞ. [(ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ T1/2 ȿɞ. [(ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/
(Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2)] (Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2)]
ɇ-3 12.3 ɥɟɬ 0 Sr-90/Y-90 29.1 Ʌɟɬ 3.5
C-14 5730 Ʌɟɬ 0.32 Y-90 2.7 ɞɧ. 2
F-18 1.83 ɑɚɫ 1.9 Zr-95/Nb-95 64 ɞɧ. 1.6
Na-22 2.6 Ʌɟɬ 1.7 Mo-99/Tc-99m 2.75 ɞɧ. 1.9
Na-24 15 ɑɚɫ 2.2 Tc-99m 6 ɑɚɫ 0.25
Al-26 7.20E+05 Ʌɟɬ 1.8 Tc-99 2.10E+05 Ʌɟɬ 1.2
P-32 14.3 ɞɧ. 1.9 Ru-103/
39.3 ɞɧ. 0.78
P-33 25.6 ɞɧ. 0.86 Rh-103m
S-35 87.5 ɞɧ. 0.35 Ru-106/
372.6 ɞɧ. 2.2
Cl-36 3.00E+05 Ʌɟɬ 1.8 Rh-106
K-40 1.30E+09 Ʌɟɬ 1.5 Ag-110m 249.8 ɞɧ. 0.68
K-42 12.4 ɑɚɫ 2.2 Ag-111 7.5 ɞɧ. 1.8
K-43 22.2 ɑɚɫ 1.9 Cd-109 462.6 ɞɧ. 0.54
Ca-45 163 ɞɧ. 0.84 In-111 2.8 ɞɧ. 0.38
Ca-47/Sc-47 4.54 ɞɧ. 3.5 In-113m 1.66 ɑɚɫ 0.73
Sc-46 83.8 ɞɧ. 1.4 In-115m 4.49 ɑɚɫ 1.3
Sc-47 3.4 ɞɧ. 1.5 Sn-125 9.64 ɞɧ. 2.3
Cr-51 27.7 ɞɧ. 0.015 Sb-122 2.7 ɞɧ. 2.2
Mn-52 5.6 ɞɧ. 0.761 Sb-124 60.2 ɞɧ. 2.2
Mn-54 312 ɞɧ. 0.062 Sb-126 12.4 ɞɧ. 1.8
Mn-56 2.58 ɑɚɫ 2.4 Te-123m 119.7 ɞɧ. 1.1
Fe-52 8.26 ɑɚɫ 1.1 Te-132 3.26 ɞɧ. 0.78
Fe-55 2.68 Ʌɟɬ 0.016 I-123 13.2 ɑɚɫ 0.38
Fe-59 44.5 ɞɧ. 0.97 I-124 4.18 ɞɧ. 0.52
Co-56 77.1 ɞɧ. 0.55 I-125 60.1 ɞɧ. 0.021
Co-57 271.8 ɞɧ. 0.12 I-131 8 ɞɧ. 1.6
Co-58 70.8 ɞɧ. 0.3 Cs-131 9.69 ɞɧ. 0.01
Co-60 5.27 Ʌɟɬ 0.78 Cs-134 2.07 Ʌɟɬ 1.4
Ni-63 100 Ʌɟɬ 0 Cs-137 30.2 Ʌɟɬ 1.6
Ni-65 2.52 ɑɚɫ 2.2 Ba-133 10.5 Ʌɟɬ 0.13
Cu-64 12.7 ɑɚɫ 1 Ba-140/La-140 12.8 ɞɧ. 3.8
Cu-67 2.58 ɞɧ. 1.3 La-140 1.7 ɞɧ. 2.1
Zn-65 243.9 ɞɧ. 0.076 Ce-139 137.6 ɞɧ. 0.49
Ga-66 9.45 ɑɚɫ 1.6 Ce-141 32.5 ɞɧ. 1.8
Ga-67 3.26 ɞɧ. 0.35 Ce-143 1.38 ɞɧ. 2
Ga-68 1.13 ɑɚɫ 1.8 Pr-143 13.6 ɞɧ. 1.7
As-76 1.1 ɞɧ. 2.1 Pm-147 2.6 Ʌɟɬ 0.6
Se-75 119.8 ɞɧ. 0.14 Sm-153 1.95 ɞɧ. 1.6
Br-77 2.38 ɞɧ. 0.01 Eu-152 13.5 Ʌɟɬ 0.92
Br-82 1.47 ɞɧ. 1.5 Eu-154 8.59 Ʌɟɬ 2.1
Rb-87 18.64 ɞɧ. 1.9 Eu-156 15.2 ɞɧ. 1.2
Sr-85 64.8 ɞɧ. 0.06 Er-169 9.4 ɞɧ. 1.1
Sr-89 50.5 ɞɧ. 1.8 Yb-169 32 ɞɧ. 1
112
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ4, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
CF8 CF8
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ T1/2 ȿɞ. [(ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ T1/2 ȿɞ. [(ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/
(Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2)] (Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2)]
Re-186 3.78 ɞɧ. 1.8 Po-210 138.4 ɞɧ. 6.90E-07
Re-188 17 ɑɚɫ 2.3 U-235 7.04E+08 Ʌɟɬ 0.18
Ir-192 73.8 ɞɧ. 1.9 U-238 4.47E+09 Ʌɟɬ 2.30E-03
Au-198 2.7 ɞɧ. 1.7 Pu-238 87.7 Ʌɟɬ 3.70E-03
Hg-197 2.67 ɞɧ. 0.092 Pu-239 2.41E+04 Ʌɟɬ 1.40E-03
Hg-203 46.6 ɞɧ. 0.89 Am-241 432.7 Ʌɟɬ 0.019
Tl-201 3.04 ɞɧ. 0.27 Cm-244 18.1 Ʌɟɬ 2.20E-03
Tl-204 3.8 Ʌɟɬ 1.6 Cf-252 2.65 Ʌɟɬ 3.20E-03
Pb-210 22.2 Ʌɟɬ 0.0084
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [19].
CF8 Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɤɨɠɢ (ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ 70 ɦɤɦ) ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɛɟɬɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɦɢ. ȼɤɥɚɞ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɠɢ (ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ).
113
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 5
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɂɇȽȺɅəɐɂə ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾɈȼ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɨɡɵ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɭ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɨɞ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɪɟɫɭɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ). ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
¾Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
¾ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ
¾Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɡɭ
ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ, ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ [6], ɥɢɛɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ Ⱦ5ɚ.
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
n
E inh = ¦ Ca ,i ⋅ CF2,i ⋅ Te
i =1
Ƚɞɟ
Ca ,i = ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ [ɤȻɤ/ɦ3]
CF2,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ6; ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.2 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ICRP ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ [21]
Einh = Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ [ɦɁɜ]
Te = ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ [ɱɚɫ]
114
ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ5, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 5
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ
n
H thy = ¦ C a ,i ⋅ CF1,i ⋅ Te
i =1
Ƚɞɟ:
Hthy = Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ [ɦɁɜ]
CF1,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i (ɬɟɥɥɭɪ ɢɥɢ ɣɨɞ) ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ7;
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.5 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ ɢ 1.12 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ICRP ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 10 ɥɟɬ [21].
115
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ6. ɈɀɂȾȺȿɆȺə ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇȺə ȾɈɁȺ ɈɌ ɂɇȽȺɅəɐɂɂ

ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɇɈȽɈ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ ȼ Ɍȿɑȿɇɂȿ 1 ɑȺɋȺ – ȾɅə
ȼɁɊɈɋɅɕɏ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF2 Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF2
[(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ/ɦ3)] [(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ/ɦ3)]
H-3a 7.8E-04 Ru-105 2.7E-04
C-14 8.7E-03 Ru-106 1.0E-01
Na-22 2.0E-03 Rh-103m 4.1E-06
Na-24 4.1E-04 Rh-105 5.3E-04
P-32 5.1E-03 Rh-106 1.7E-04
P-33 2.3E-03 Ag-110m 2.0E-02
S-35 ɨɪɝ. 2.9E-03 Cd-109 1.2E-02
S-35 ɧɟɨɪɝ. 2.1E-03 Cd-113m 1.7E-01
Cl-36 1.1E-02 Cd-115 1.7E-03
K-40 3.2E-03 In-113m 3.0E-05
K-42 1.8E-04 In-114m 1.4E-02
Ca-45 5.6E-03 In-115 5.9E-01
Sc-44 2.7E-04 In-115m 8.9E-05
Sc-46 1.0E-02 Sn-113 4.1E-03
Ti-44 2.0E-01 Sn-123 1.2E-02
V-48 3.6E-03 Sn-126 4.2E-02
Cr-51 5.6E-05 Sb-124 1.3E-02
Mn-54 2.4E-03 Sb-126 4.8E-03
Mn-56 1.8E-04 Sb-126m 3.0E-05
Fe-55 1.2E-03 Sb-127 2.9E-03
Fe-59 6.0E-03 Sb-129 3.8E-04
Co-58 3.2E-03 Sb-131 6.6E-05
Co-60 4.7E-02 Te-127 2.1E-04
Ni-63 2.0E-03 Te-127m 1.5E-02
Cu-64 1.8E-04 Te-129 5.9E-05
Zn-65 3.3E-03 Te-129m 1.2E-02
Ga-68 7.4E-05 Te-131 4.2E-05
Ge-68 2.1E-02 Te-131m 1.4E-03
Se-75 2.0E-03 Te-132 3.0E-03
Kr-85 ɇɊ I-125 7.7E-03
Kr-85m ɇɊ I-129 5.4E-02
Kr-87 ɇɊ I-131 1.1E-02
Kr-88 ɇɊ I-132 1.7E-04
Rb-86 1.4E-03 I-133 2.3E-03
Rb-87 7.5E-04 I-134 8.3E-05
Rb-88 2.4E-05 I-135 4.8E-04
Sr-89 1.2E-02 Xe-131m ɇɊ
Sr-90 2.4E-01 Xe-133 ɇɊ
Sr-91 6.2E-04 Xe-133m ɇɊ
Y-90 2.3E-03 Xe-135 ɇɊ
Y-91 1.3E-02 Xe-135m ɇɊ
Y-91m 1.7E-05 Xe-138 ɇɊ
Zr-93 3.8E-02 Cs-134 3.0E-02
Zr-95 8.9E-03 Cs-134m 9.0E-05
Zr-97 1.4E-03 Cs-135 1.3E-02
Nb-93m 2.7E-03 Cs-136 4.2E-03
Nb-94 7.4E-02 Cs-137 5.9E-02
Nb-95 2.7E-03 Cs-138 6.5E-05
Nb-95m 1.3E-03 Ba-133 1.5E-02
Nb-97 6.8E-05 Ba-137m ɇɊ
Mo-99 1.5E-03 Ba-140 8.7E-03
Tc-99 2.0E-02 La-140 1.7E-03
Tc-99m 2.9E-05 La-141 2.3E-04
Ru-103 4.5E-03 Ce-141 5.7E-03
116
ɂɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ5,ɋɬɪ.4 ɢɡ 5
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF2 Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF2
Ce-143 1.2E-03 Th-232 1.7E+02
Ce-144 8.0E-02 Th-234 1.2E-02
Pr-143 3.6E-03 Pa-231 2.1E+02
Pr-144 2.7E-05 Pa-233 5.9E-03
Pr-144m NC Pa-234 6.0E-04
Pm-145 5.4E-03 U-232 5.6E+01
Pm-147 7.5E-03 U-233 1.4E+01
Nd-147 3.6E-03 U-234 1.4E+01
Sm-147 1.4E+01 U-235 1.3E+01
Sm-151 6.0E-03 U-236 1.3E+01
Eu-152 6.3E-02 U-238 1.2E+01
Eu-154 8.0E-02 U Dep&Nat 1.2E+01
Eu-155 1.0E-02 U Enrich 1.4E+01
Gd-152 2.9E+01 UF6 1.4E+01
Gd-153 3.2E-03 Np-237 7.5E+01
Tb-160 1.1E-02 Np-239 1.5E-03
Ho-166m 1.8E-01 Pu-236 6.0E+01
Tm-170 1.1E-02 Pu-238 1.7E+02
Yb-169 4.5E-03 Pu-239 1.8E+02
Hf-172 4.8E-02 Pu-240 1.8E+02
Hf-181 7.5E-03 Pu-241 3.5E+00
Ta-182 1.5E-02 Pu-242 1.7E+02
Re-187 9.5E-06 Am-241 1.4E+02
W-187 2.9E-04 Am-242 3.0E-02
Ir-192 9.9E-03 Am-242m 1.4E+02
Au-198 1.3E-03 Am-243 1.4E+02
Hg-203 org. 9.6E-04 Cm-242 8.9E+00
Hg-203 inorg. 3.6E-03 Cm-243 1.0E+02
Tl-204 5.9E-04 Cm-244 8.6E+01
Pb-209 9.2E-05 Cm-245 1.5E+02
Pb-210 8.4E+00 Cm-248 5.4E+02
Pb-211 1.8E-02 Cf-252 3.0E+01
Pb-212 2.9E-01
Pb-214 2.3E-02 ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [2].
Bi-207 8.4E-03 a ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
Bi-210 1.4E-01 ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɫ ɤɨɠɢ.
Bi-212 4.7E-02
Bi-213 4.5E-02 ɇɊ ɇɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ.
Bi-214 2.1E-02 ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Po-210 6.5E+00 Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ
Fr-223 1.3E-03 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
Ra-223 1.3E+01 ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ IAEA BSS [2].
Ra-224 5.1E+00 ȼ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ⱦ6 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ
Ra-225 1.2E+01 ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ IAEA BSS (ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
Ra-226 1.4E+01 ɩɨɞɯɨɞ); ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
Ra-228 2.4E+01 ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.5 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ (ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
Ac-225 1.3E+01 ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɆɄɊɁ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ
Ac-227 8.1E+02 ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ [21]).
Ac-228 3.8E-02
Th-227 1.5E+01
Th-228 6.0E+01
Th-229 3.6E+02
Th-230 1.5E+02
Th-231 5.0E-04
117
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ7. ɈɀɂȾȺȿɆȺə ɗɄȼɂȼȺɅȿɇɌɇȺə ȾɈɁȺ ɇȺ ɓɂɌɈȼɂȾɇɍɘ

ɀȿɅȿɁɍ ɈɌ ɂɇȽȺɅəɐɂɂ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɇɈȽɈ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȺ ȼ
Ɍȿɑȿɇɂȿ 1 ɑȺɋȺ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF1

Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ [(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ/ɦ3)]
ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ Ⱦɟɬɢ 10 ɥɟɬ
Te-131m 2.0E-02 3.7E-02
Te-132 3.8E-02 6.8E-02
I-125 1.5E-01 2.5E-01
I-129 1.1E+00 1.5E+00
I-131 2.3E-01 4.1E-01
I-132 2.1E-03 3.8E-03
I-133 4.2E-02 8.3E-02
I-134 3.9E-04 7.3E-04
I-135 8.6E-03 1.7E-02
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [22].
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɡɚ ɜ ɦɁɜ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɱɚɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ 1 ɤȻɤ/ɦ3. ȼ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ⱦ7 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɹ [21]
(ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ). ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1.5
ɦ3/ɱɚɫ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢ 1.12 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 10 ɥɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɆɄɊɁ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ
[21]).
118
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂə Ⱦ5ɚ
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂɂ ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 6
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȿ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ, ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ, ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɇɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ – ɷɬɨ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ. ɇɨ

ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɦɟɬɨɞ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɛɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɌɈɅɖɄɈ ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ:
i. ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵ

ii. ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵ
iii. ɬɨɱɤɚ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ
iv. ɧɟɬ ɞɨɠɞɹ
v. ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ
¾ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ
¾ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:
Q i ⋅ DFm
C a ,i =
u
ɝɞɟ:
Ca,i = Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ [ɤȻɤ/ɦ3]
Qi = ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i [ɤȻɤ/ɫɟɤ]
u = ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ [ɦ/ɫɟɤ]
DFm = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ8 ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ [ɦ-2]; ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0.5 ɤɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ⱦ1, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ (ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɢɥɶɜɚɬɟɪɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ)
119
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ5ɚ, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 6
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ Ⱦ9 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ Ⱦ10 –
ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɛɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɬɪɚ (ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ).
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ8. ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌɕ ɈɋɅȺȻɅȿɇɂə [ɦ-2]
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨ- Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ a

ɹɧɢɟ b
A B C D E F
[ɤɦ]
0.5 c 5.7E-04 6.6E-04 7.2E-04 7.9E-04 8.4E-04 8.9E-04
1 3.3E-05 7.9E-05 1.3E-04 2.4E-04 3.4E-04 5.0E-04
2 9.2E-07 4.3E-06 1.3E-05 4.2E-05 8.6E-05 2.0E-04
3 7.3E-07 1.8E-06 5.9E-06 2.3E-05 4.6E-05 1.1E-04
4 5.6E-07 1.0E-06 3.4E-06 1.6E-05 3.2E-05 7.8E-05
5 4.4E-07 6.2E-07 2.1E-06 1.1E-05 2.4E-05 5.7E-05
10 2.6E-07 3.5E-07 7.2E-07 4.0E-06 9.1E-06 2.4E-05
15 1.8E-07 2.4E-07 3.5E-07 2.3E-06 5.6E-06 1.4E-05
20 1.4E-07 1.8E-07 2.5E-07 1.4E-06 3.6E-06 9.2E-06
25 1.2E-07 1.5E-07 2.0E-07 9.6E-07 2.5E-06 6.8E-06
30 1.0E-07 1.2E-07 1.8E-07 7.7E-07 2.1E-06 5.5E-06
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ 0.5 ɤɦ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ [22], Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ 5-7, ɫɬɪ. 25-
27; ɩɪɨɱɢɟ, [23], Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ 3-5a-3-5f.
a
Ɍɢɩɵ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɹ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɧɚ 1000 ɦ.
b
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ.
c
ɗɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɤɢɥɶɜɚɬɟɪɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ; ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ9. ȼɁȺɂɆɈɋȼəɁɖ ɆȿɀȾɍ ɄɅȺɋɋɈɆ ɋɌȺȻɂɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ ɂ

ɉɈȽɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɆɂ
ɂɧɫɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɜ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ⱦɟɧɶ ɢɥɢ

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ a
(ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ) ɧɨɱɶ
ɜɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ
Ɉɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɋɩɥɨɲɧɚɹ
ɡɟɦɥɢ ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɍɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɋɥɚɛɚɹ 3/8
ɢɥɢ > 4/8 ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ
[ɦ/ɫɟɤ]
<2 A A-B B - - D
2 A-B B C E F D
4 B B-C C D E D
6 C C-D D D D D
>6 C D D D D D
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [23], ɫɬɪ. 591.
a
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɟɛɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ.
120
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ10. ȼɁȺɂɆɈɋȼəɁɖ ɆȿɀȾɍ ɉɈȽɈȾɇɕɆɂ ɍɋɅɈȼɂəɆɂ ɂ

ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɖɘ ȼȿɌɊȺ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
[ɦ/ɫɟɤ]
Ⱦɵɦ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨ 0.3
Ⱦɵɦ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɬɪɭ, ɧɨ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɧɟ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ 1
ȼɟɬɟɪ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ, ɲɭɪɲɚɬ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ, ɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ
2–3
ɥɨɩɚɫɬɢ ɮɥɸɝɟɪɚ
Ʌɢɫɬɶɹ ɢ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜɟɬɟɪ
4–5
ɪɚɡɜɟɜɚɟɬ ɮɥɚɝɢ
ȼɟɬɟɪ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɵɥɶ, ɝɨɧɢɬ ɛɭɦɚɝɭ, ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɜɟɬɤɢ 6–7
ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ, ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦɢ, ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ
8–9
ɪɚɫɤɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɫɜɢɫɬɹɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ 10 – 12
ɐɟɥɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ 13 – 15
ȼɟɬɤɢ ɨɛɥɚɦɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ; ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ
16 – 18
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ
ɋɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ 19 – 21
Ⱦɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɜɵɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɪɧɟɦ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
22 – 25
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ (ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ) > 25
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ [ɦ-2]
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ [ɦ]
ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 0 ɦ
Ɋɂɋ. Ⱦ1. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ

ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [24].
121
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦ

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ,
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɝɚɡɨɜ, ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɢɧɟɪɬɧɵɦ, ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɢɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ:
A i ⋅ FRFi
Qi =
Tr
Ƚɞɟ:
Ai = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ [ɤȻɤ]
FRFi = Ɏɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ11, ɟɫɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ, ɢɥɢ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ12, ɟɫɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ
Tr = ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ [ɫɟɤ]
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ11. ɎɊȺɄɐɂə ȼɕȻɊɈɋȺ ɋ ɉɅȺɆȿɇȿɆ (FRF) ȼ ɁȺȼɂɋɂɆɈɋɌɂ ɈɌ

ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾȺ
ɗɬɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧ ɫ

ɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦ.
FRF = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɚɹ (ɤȻɤ) / Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɨɝɧɟ (ɤȻɤ)
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ FRFa Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ FRFa
H-3 (ɝɚɡ) 5.E-01 Se-75 1.E-02

C-14 Kr-85
Na-22 1.E-02 Kr-85m
1.E+00
Na-24 Kr-87
P-32 Kr-88
P-33 Rb-86 1.E-02
S-35 5.E-01 Rb-87
Cl-36 Rb-88
K-40 Sr-89
K-42 Sr-90
Ca-45 Sr-91
Sc-46 Y-90
Ti-44 Y-91
V-48 1.E-02 Y-91m
Cr-51 Zr-93
Mn-54 Zr-95
Mn-56 Nb-94
Fe-55 Nb-95
Co-58 1.E-03 Mo-99
Fe-59 1.E-02 Tc-99
Co-60 1.E-03 Tc-99m
Ni-63 1.E-02 Ru-103
Cu-64 Ru-105
122
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ FRFa Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ FRFa
Zn-65 Rh-106
Ga-68 ɇɊ Ru-106
Ge-68 Ag-110m
Cd-109 Xe-138 1.E+00
Cd-113m Cs-134
In-114m Cs-135
Sn-113 Cs-136
Sn-123 Cs-137
Sn-126 Cs-138
Sb-124 Ba-133
Sb-126 Ba-137m
Sb-126m 1.E-02 Ba-140
Sb-127 La-140
1.E-02
Sb-129 Ce-141
Te-127 Ce-144
Te-127m Pr-144
Te-129 Pr-144m
*Te-129m Pm-145
Te-131 Pm-147
Te-131m Sm-147
Te-132 Sm-151
I-125 5.E-01 Eu-152
I-129 Eu-154
I-131 Eu-155
I-132 Gd-153
5.E-01
I-133 Tb-160
I-134 Ho-166m 1.E-02
I-135 Tm-170
Xe-131m Yb-169
Xe-133 Hf-172
Xe-133m 1.E+00 Hf-181
Xe-135 Ta-182 1.E-03
Xe-135m W-187 1.E-02
Ir-192 1.E-03 U-232
Au-198 U-233
Hg-203 U-234
Tl-204 U-235
Pb-210 1.E-02 U-236
Bi-207 U-238
Bi-210 Np-237
Po-210 Np-239
Ra-226 Pu-236 1.E-03
Ac-227 Pu-238
Ac-228 Pu-239
Th-227 Pu-240
Th-228 Pu-241
1.E-03
Th-230 Pu-242
Th-231 Am-241
Th-232 Am-242m
Pa-231 Am-243
Pa-233
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [25]
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ [25], ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ [26,] Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.7 STCP Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɫɬɪ. 12.
123
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ12. ɎɊȺɄɐɂə ȼɕȻɊɈɋȺ ɋ ɉɅȺɆȿɇȿɆ (FRF) ȼ ɁȺȼɂɋɂɆɈɋɌɂ ɈɌ

ɎɈɊɆɕ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ FRFa

ɂɧɟɪɬɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ 1.0
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɨɫɟɜɲɢɟ ɧɚ 1.0
ɝɨɪɹɳɟɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟ)
Ʌɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ 0.5
ɍɝɨɥɶ 0.01
ɉɨɥɭɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɫɦɟɫɢ 0.01
ɇɟɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢ 0.001
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɚɧ ɢ ɩɥɭɬɨɧɢɣ 0.001
ɇɟɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ 0.005
ɇɟɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɟɝɨɪɸɱɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɯ 0.001
ɇɟɥɟɬɭɱɢɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ 0.0001
ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [25].
124
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɉȿɊɈɊȺɅɖɇɈȿ ɉɈɋɌɍɉɅȿɇɂȿ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɤɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.
¾Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɞɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɥɨɤɟ
¾Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ
¾ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ [6].
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ:
n
E ing = ¦ C f ,i ⋅ U f ⋅ DI f ,i ⋅ CF5,i
i =1
Ƚɞɟ:
Eing = Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ [ɦɁɜ]
Cf,i = Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ f ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ
[ɤȻɤ/ɤɝ]
Uf = Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ f , ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɨɱɜɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 100 ɦɝ/ɞɟɧɶ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ – ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 25 ɦɝ/ɞɟɧɶ;
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 500 ɦɝ/ɞɟɧɶ, ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ – 100 ɦɝ/ɞɟɧɶ; [ɤɝ/ɞɟɧɶ ɢɥɢ ɥ/ɞɟɧɶ]
CF5,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ13 [ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ]; ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i
DIf,i = ɋɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ [ɞɧɢ]; ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ; ɩɪɢ T1/2 > 21 ɞɧɹ – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟ 30 ɞɧɟɣ; ɩɪɢ T1/2 < 21 ɞɧɹ
– ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ (Tm)
Tm = T1 / 2 ⋅ 1.44
ɝɞɟ T1/2 – ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɞɨɡɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ [2].
125
ɉɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ6,ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2 ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɋɭɦɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ13. ɈɀɂȾȺȿɆȺə ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇȺə ȾɈɁȺ ɈɌ ɉȿɊɈɊȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ

ɉɈɋɌɍɉɅȿɇɂə ɇȺ ȿȾɂɇɂɐɍ ɉɈɋɌɍɉɅȿɇɂə
ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾȺ – ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾȺ Ʉ ȾɈɁȿ ɈɌ
ɉȿɊɈɊȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɋɌɍɉɅȿɇɂə ȾɅə ȼɁɊɈɋɅɕɏ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF5 Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF5

Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ
[ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ] [ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ]
H-3 1.8E-05 Zr-95 9.5E-04
C-14 5.8E-04 Zr-97 2.1E-03
Na-22 3.2E-03 Nb-93m 1.2E-04
Na-24 4.3E-04 Nb-94 1.7E-03
P-32 2.4E-03 Nb-95 5.9E-04
P-33 2.4E-04 Nb-95m 5.7E-04
S-35 ɨɪɝ. 7.7E-04 Nb-97 6.9E-05
S-35 ɧɟɨɪɝ. 1.3E-04 Mo-99 6.0E-04
Cl-36 9.3E-04 Tc-99 6.4E-04
K-40 6.2E-03 Tc-99m 2.2E-05
K-42 4.3E-04 Ru-103 7.3E-04
Ca-45 7.1E-04 Ru-105 2.6E-04
Sc-44 3.5E-04 Ru-106 7.0E-03
Sc-46 1.5E-03 Rh-103m 3.8E-06
Ti-44 5.8E-03 Rh-105 3.7E-04
V-48 2.0E-03 Rh-106 1.6E-04
Cr-51 3.8E-05 Ag-110m 2.8E-03
Mn-54 7.1E-04 Cd-109 2.0E-03
Mn-56 2.6E-04 Cd-113m 0.0E+00
Fe-55 3.3E-04 Cd-115 1.4E-03
Fe-59 1.8E-03 In-113m 2.8E-05
Co-58 7.4E-04 In-114m 4.1E-03
Co-60 3.4E-03 In-115 3.2E-02
Ni-63 1.5E-04 In-115m 8.6E-05
Cu-64 1.2E-04 Sn-113 7.4E-04
Zn-65 3.9E-03 Sn-123 2.1E-03
Ga-68 1.0E-04 Sn-126 4.8E-03
Ge-68 1.3E-03 Sb-124 2.6E-03
Se-75 2.6E-03 Sb-126 2.5E-03
Kr-85 0.0E+00 Sb-126m 3.6E-05
Kr-85m 0.0E+00 Sb-127 1.7E-03
Kr-87 0.0E+00 Sb-129 4.2E-04
Kr-88 0.0E+00 Sb-131 1.0E-04
Rb-86 2.8E-03 Te-127 1.7E-04
Rb-87 1.5E-03 Te-127m 2.3E-03
Rb-88 9.0E-05 Te-129 6.3E-05
Sr-89 2.6E-03 Te-129m 3.0E-03
Sr-90 2.8E-02 Te-131 8.7E-05
Sr-91 6.5E-04 Te-131m 1.9E-03
Y-90 2.7E-03 Te-132 3.8E-03
Y-91 2.4E-03 I-125 1.5E-02
Y-91m 1.2E-05 I-129 1.1E-01
Zr-93 1.1E-03 I-131 2.2E-02
126
ɉɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ6,ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF5 Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ CF5

[ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ] [ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ]
I-132 2.9E-04 Ba-140 2.6E-03
I-133 4.3E-03 La-140 2.0E-03
I-134 1.1E-04 La-141 3.6E-04
I-135 9.3E-04 Ce-141 7.1E-04
Xe-131m 0.0E+00 Ce-143 1.1E-03
Xe-133 0.0E+00 Ce-144 5.2E-03
Xe-133m 0.0E+00 Pr-143 1.2E-03
Xe-135 0.0E+00 Pr-144 5.1E-05
Xe-135m 0.0E+00 Pr-144m 0.0E+00
Xe-138 0.0E+00 Pm-145 1.1E-04
Cs-134 1.9E-02 Pm-147 2.6E-04
Cs-134m 2.0E-05 Nd-147 1.1E-03
Cs-135 2.0E-03 Sm-147 4.9E-02
Cs-136 3.1E-03 Sm-151 9.8E-05
Cs-137 1.3E-02 Eu-152 1.4E-03
Cs-138 9.2E-05 Eu-154 2.0E-03
Ba-133 1.5E-03 Eu-155 3.2E-04
Ba-137m 0.0E+00 Gd-152 4.1E-02
Gd-153 2.7E-04 Th-232 2.3E-01
Tb-160 1.6E-03 Th-234 3.4E-03
Ho-166m 2.0E-03 Pa-231 7.1E-01
Tm-170 1.3E-03 Pa-233 8.8E-04
Yb-169 7.1E-04 Pa-234 5.1E-04
Hf-172 1.0E-03 U-232 3.3E-01
Hf-181 1.1E-03 U-233 5.0E-02
Ta-182 1.5E-03 U-234 4.9E-02
Re-187 5.1E-06 U-235 4.6E-02
W-187 6.3E-04 U-236 4.6E-02
Ir-192 1.4E-03 U-238 4.4E-02
Au-198 1.0E-03 U ɨɛɟɞɧ./ɩɪɢɪ. 4.4E-02
Hg-203 ɨɪɝ. 1.9E-03 U ɨɛɨɝɚɳ. 4.9E-02
Hg-203 ɧɟɨɪɝ. 5.4E-04 UF6 4.9E-02
Tl-204 1.3E-03 Np-237 1.1E-01
Pb-209 5.7E-05 Np-239 8.0E-04
Pb-210 6.9E-01 Pu-236 8.6E-02
Pb-211 1.8E-04 Pu-238 2.3E-01
Pb-212 6.0E-03 Pu-239 2.5E-01
Pb-214 1.5E-04 Pu-240 2.5E-01
Bi-207 1.3E-03 Pu-241 4.7E-03
Bi-210 1.3E-03 Pu-242 2.4E-01
Bi-212 2.6E-04 Am-241 2.0E-01
Bi-213 2.0E-04 Am-242 3.0E-04
Bi-214 1.1E-04 Am-242m 1.9E-01
Po-210 1.2E+00 Am-243 2.0E-01
Fr-223 2.3E-03 Cm-242 1.3E-02
Ra-223 1.0E-01 Cm-243 1.5E-01
Ra-224 6.5E-02 Cm-244 1.2E-01
Ra-225 9.9E-02 Cm-245 3.0E-01
Ra-226 2.8E-01 Cm-248 1.1E+00
Ra-228 6.9E-01 Cf-252 9.0E-02
Ac-225 2.4E-02 ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [2].
Ac-227 1.1E+00 ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Ac-228 4.3E-04 Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɞɨɡɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Th-227 8.8E-03 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
Th-228 7.2E-02 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ IAEA BSS [2].
Th-229 4.9E-01
Th-230 2.2E-01
Th-231 3.4E-04
127
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 3
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɂɆɆȿɊɋɂə ȼ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȿ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɜ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɲɥɟɣɮɟ.
ɉɪɹɦɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɞɨɡɚ Ȗ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɲɥɟɣɮɟ.
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ Ȗ-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɦɦɟɪɫɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ

ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ.
¾ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɲɥɟɣɮɟ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɟ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
E ext = Te ⋅ ¦ Ca ,i ⋅ CF9,i
i
Ƚɞɟ:
Eext = ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɦɦɟɪɫɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ [ɦɁɜ]
Ca ,i = ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ [ɤȻɤ/ɦ3]
CF9,i = Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɢɡ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ Ⱦ14
Te = ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ [ɱɚɫ]
128
ɂɦɦɟɪɫɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ7, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 3
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ Ⱦ14. ɄɈɗɎɎɂɐɂȿɇɌɕ ɉȿɊȿɏɈȾȺ ȾɅə ȼɇȿɒɇȿȽɈ ȽȺɆɆȺ-

ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə ɈɌ ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɓɂɏɋə ȼ ȼɈɁȾɍɏȿ
ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾɈȼ
CF9 CF9
H-3 0.0E+00 Tc-99m 2.8E-05
C-14 0.0E+00 Ru-103 1.0E-04
Na-22 4.8E-04 Ru-105 1.7E-04
Na-24 1.0E-03 Ru/Rh-106a 4.4E-05
P-32 0.0E+00 Pd-109 1.4E-07
P-33 0.0E+00 Ag-ll0m 5.9E-04
S-35 0.0E+00 Cd-109 4.8E-07
Cl-36 1.8E-12 Cd-113m 0.0E+00
K-40 3.4E-05 In-114m 1.9E-05
K-42 6.3E-05 Sn-113 1.8E-06
Ca-45 3.4E-15 Sn-123 1.5E-06
Sc-46 4.4E-04 Sn-125 6.7E-05
Ti-44 2.8E-05 Sn-126 1.0E-05
V-48 6.3E-04 Sb-124 4.1E-04
Cr-51 6.7E-06 Sb-126 5.9E-04
Mn-54 1.9E-04 Sb-127 1.4E-04
Mn-56 4.1E-04 Sb-129 3.2E-04
Fe-55 4.8E-09 Te-127m 6.7E-07
Fe-59 2.6E-04 Te-129 1.1E-05
Co-58 2.1E-04 Te-129m 7.4E-06
Co-60 5.6E-04 Te-131m 3.1E-04
Ni-63 0.0E+00 Te-132 4.4E-05
Cu-64 4.1E-05 Te-134 1.9E-04
Zn-65 1.3E-04 I-125 2.3E-06
Ge-68 1.9E-08 I-129 1.8E-06
Se-75 8.5E-05 I-131 8.1E-05
Kr-85 4.8E-07 I-132 5.2E-04
Kr-85m 3.4E-05 I-133 1.3E-04
Kr-87 1.9E-04 I-134 5.9E-04
Kr-88 4.8E-04 I-135 3.5E-04
Kr-89 4.4E-04 Xe-131m 1.8E-06
Rb-86 2.1E-05 Xe-133 7.4E-06
Rb-88 1.5E-04 Xe-133m 6.3E-06
Rb-89 4.8E-04 Xe-135 5.2E-05
Sr-89 3.0E-08 Xe-135m 9.3E-05
Sr-90 0.0E+00 Xe-137 4.1E-05
Sr-91 1.5E-04 Xe-138 2.6E-04
Y-90 0.0E+00 Cs-134 3.4E-04
Y-91 7.8E-07 Cs-136 4.8E-04
Zr-93 0.0E+00 Cs/Ba-137a 1.3E-04
Zr-95 1.6E-04 Cs-138 5.2E-04
Zr-97 4.1E-05 Ba-133 7.8E-05
Nb-94 3.4E-04 Ba-139 7.8E-06
Nb-95 1.7E-04 Ba-140 4.1E-05
Mo-99 3.4E-05 La-140 5.2E-04
Tc-99 1.1E-10 La-141 9.3E-06
129
ɂɦɦɟɪɫɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ7, ɋɬɪ. 3 ɢɡ 3
CF9 CF9
La-142 6.7E-04 Pu-240 1.8E-08
Ce-141 1.6E-05 Pu-241 0.0E+00
Ce-143 5.6E-05 Pu-242 1.6E-08
Ce-144 3.7E-06 Am-241 4.1E-06
Ce/Pr-144a 1.1E-05 Am-242m 1.0E-07
Nd-147 2.8E-05 Am-243 1.1E-05
Pm-145 3.5E-06 Cm-242 2.1E-08
Pm-147 7.8E-10 Cm-243 2.7E-05
Pm-149 2.5E-06 Cm-244 1.8E-08
Pm-151 7.0E-05 Cm-245 1.5E-05
Sm-151 1.9E-10 Cm-246 1.5E-08
Eu-152 2.5E-04 Cf-252 1.6E-08
Eu-154 2.7E-04 ɋɫɵɥɤɚ: [16].
Eu-155 1.2E-05
a
Gd-153 1.9E-05 Ⱦɨɥɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɞɨɱɟɪɧɢɯ
Tb-160 2.4E-04 ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
Ho-166m 3.5E-04 ɞɥɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ.
Tm-170 1.0E-06
Yb-169 5.9E-05 ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ
Hf-181 1.1E-04 Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɚɧɵ ɫ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɲɥɟɣɮ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ,
Ta-182 2.8E-04
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɚɤɭ.
W-187 1.0E-04
Ir-192 1.7E-04
Au-198 8.5E-05
Hg-203 4.8E-05
T1-204 2.1E-07
Pb-210 2.8E-07
Bi-207 3.4E-04
Bi-210 0.0E+00
Po-210 1.9E-09
Ra-226 1.4E-06
Ac-227 2.7E-08
Ac-228 2.0E-04
Th-227 2.2E-05
Th-228 4.1E-07
Th-230 8.1E-08
Th-232 4.1E-08
Pa-231 6.3E-06
U-232 5.6E-08
U-233 5.2E-08
U-234 3.2E-08
U-235 3.3E-05
U-236 2.6E-08
U-238 2.2E-08
U-240 1.5E-07
Np-237 4.8E-06
Np-239 3.6E-05
Pu-236 2.5E-08
Pu-238 1.9E-08
Pu-239 1.7E-08
130
ɋɬɪ. 1 ɢɡ 2
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ȺɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɂ
ɐɟɥɶ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ.
Ɂɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɂɧɚɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
¾ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
¾Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
¾Ⱥɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
¾Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ

§ ∆t ·
¨¨ ¸¸
© T1 / 2
A t = A o ⋅ 0 .5 ¹
Ƚɞɟ:
Ao = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t o [ɤȻɤ]
At = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t [ɤȻɤ]
¨t = t-to; ɢɫɬɟɤɲɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ [ɜ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ]
T½ = ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɦɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ (T2):
1.16 ⋅ 1017
A sp =
T1 / 2 (h ) ⋅ AMN
131
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ⱦ8, ɋɬɪ. 2 ɢɡ 2
4.83 ⋅ 1015
A sp =
T1 / 2 (d) ⋅ AMN
1.32 ⋅ 1013
A sp =
T1 / 2 ( y) ⋅ AMN
Ƚɞɟ:
Asp = ɍɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ [ɤȻɤ/ɝ]
AMN= Ⱥɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ; ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ
T2 = ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɚɯ (ɱ), ɞɧɹɯ (ɞ) ɢɥɢ ɝɨɞɚɯ (ɝ)
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:
A = W ⋅ A sp
Ƚɞɟ:
A = Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ [ɤȻɤ]
W = Ɇɚɫɫɚ [ɝ]
132
ɄȺɊɌɕ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ: Ʉɚɪɬɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ A1
No. ______
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɎɈɊɆȺ ɊȿȽɂɋɌɊȺɐɂɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɑȺɋɌɖ 1 1 ɢɡ 2
Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ.: _______________________________ Ⱦɚɬɚ: ___________

(ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ)
Ʉɨɩɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ : Ƒ Ɉɬɜ. ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɪɟɦɹ:__________
Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɜɲɟɝɨ : ______________________________________________________

(ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ)
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ: Ƒ ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ƒ ɒɬɚɬɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ƒ Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɜɲɟɝɨ:_________________________________________
Ɍɟɥ. ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɜɲɟɝɨ: ___________________ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ: ____________________
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ: ______________________________________________________

(Ⱥɞɪɟɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɢcɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ)
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ: ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɨ: Ƒ ȾȺ Ƒ ɇȿɌ

Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ? Ƒ ȾȺ Ƒ ɇȿɌ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɚɧɵ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ (ɩɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ):
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Ɂɜɨɧɨɤ ɜɟɪɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ: Ƒ ȾȺ Ƒ ɇȿɌ
135
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ A1
No. ______
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɎɈɊɆȺ ɊȿȽɂɋɌɊȺɐɂɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɑȺɋɌɖ 2 2 ɢɡ 2
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ

Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ(ɵ) / Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ: ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ: ɬɢɩ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ: ɬɢɩ
Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ: Ƒ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɚ Ƒ ɮɨɥɶɝɚ
Ƒ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ Ƒ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ Ɉɮɢɫ: ɬɢɩ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ:
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ: Ƒ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ Ƒ ɝɚɡ
Ƒ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ Ƒ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ
Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ: ɤȼ ɦȺ
Ɍɢɩ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɢɩ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ƒ Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬ. ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧ. Ƒ Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧ. ɨɩɬɢɤɚ Ƒ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
Ƒ ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪ. ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧ. Ƒ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ Ƒ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
Ƒ Ɍɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ Ƒ Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɞɵɦɚ Ƒ ɇɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
Ƒ Ȼɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ Ƒ ɗɥɢɦɢɧ. ɫɬɚɬɢɱ. ɷɥ-ɜɚ Ƒ ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
Ƒ əɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ Ƒ Ʌɚɛ. ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧ. ɢɫɬɨɱɧ. Ƒ ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
Ƒ Ⱦɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɛɚɝɚɠɚ Ƒ Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ƒ ɉɪɨɥɢɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ
Ƒ Ȗ-ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ƒ Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ Ƒ Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ
Ƒ Ɋɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɪɚɞɢɨɝɪ. Ƒ Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ Ƒ Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ƒ Ɉɛɥɭɱ. ɭɫɬɚɧ. Ƒ ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɭɞɵ Ƒ ɇɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɨɛɨɪɨɬ
Ƒ Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ Ƒ ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɥɨɦɚ Ƒ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ (ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ)
Ƒ Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ Ƒ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ (ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ) Ƒ ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ
Ƒ Ⱦɟɬ. ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ/ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ƒ ɇɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ
Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ? Ƒ ȾȺ Ƒ ɇȿɌ
Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ:
Ɉɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ)

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɛɵɥ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦ Ƒ Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ M
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ: Ƒ Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ M
Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ:
Ƒ Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ. ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ M
Ƒ ȼɵɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ M
ȼɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ: Ƒ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ M
Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ) Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ (Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ)
Ƒ ɉɥɚɦɹ M Ƒ Ɋɚɧɟɧɵɟ Ʉ:_____ M
Ƒ ȼɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɟ ɜ-ɜɚ M Ƒ ɉɨɝɢɛɲɢɟ Ʉ:_____ M
Ƒ ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜ-ɜɚ M Ƒ Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ Ʉ:_____ M
Ƒ ɉɚɪ, ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ M Ƒ Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ Ʉ:_____ M
Ƒ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ (ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ)
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ (Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ) Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ (ɧɚɩɪ., ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ,
Ƒ ȼɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ M ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ, ɭɪɨɜɧɢ
Ƒ ɋɬɚɬɢɱ. ɷɥ-ɜɨ M ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ)
Ƒ Ɋɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ M
Ƒ ȼɨɞɚ M
Ƒ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ (ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ)
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ: __________________
136
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ A2
No._______
ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɎɈɊɆȺ ɈɉɈȼȿɓȿɇɂə ɍɑȺɋɌɇɂɄɈȼ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɈȽɈ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
Ɉɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ: ___________________________________ Ⱦɚɬɚ: ___________

(Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ)
Ʉɨɩɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ: Ƒ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɥɢɰɚ, ʋ ɬɟɥ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ȼɪɟɦɹ

ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ / ɮɚɤɫɚ ɡɜɨɧɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ
ɉɨɥɢɰɢɹ
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ
ɋɥɭɠɛɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ
ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ
ɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ
Ɋɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ
ɁȺɆȿɑȺɇɂə :
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ: ___________________
137
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ Ȼ1
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɊȿȽɂɋɌɊȺɐɂə ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂɃ ɉɈ No._______

ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɇȿɆȿȾɅȿɇɇɈɆɍ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂɘ
Ʉɚɪɬɭ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɥ: _______________________________ Ⱦɚɬɚ: ___________

Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ȼɪɟɦɹ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ /

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɉɨɥɢɰɢɹ
ɉɨɠɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ
ɋɤɨɪɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ:
ȿɝɨ ɫɦɟɧɢɥ:
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ:
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧ
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ:
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɍɱɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ:
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ:
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ
ɋɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɣɨɞ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɞɨɡɵ
ɗɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ
ɋɟɤɬɨɪɚ / ɡɨɧɵ:
ɍɤɪɵɬɢɟ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɹɬɧɚ
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ
Ʌɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ
Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ:
Ʌɸɞɟɣ
Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ: __________________
138
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ Ƚ1
No._______
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ- ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ ɈȻɅɍɑȿɇɂə
Ʉɚɪɬɭ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɥ: _______________________________ Ⱦɚɬɚ: ___________

ɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ: Ƒ Ɉɬɜ. ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɪɟɦɹ: __________
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ: __________________________Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ:_________

Ʌɢɱɧɵɣ ʋ.: ____________
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ
Ɍɢɩ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ: ___________________ Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ: ___________ ɋɟɪ. ʋ: _______

Ⱦɚɬɚ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ [ɦɁɜ] ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɢɩ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ: ___________________ Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ: ___________ ɋɟɪ. ʋ: _______

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
[ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ] [ɦɢɧ] [ɦɁɜ]
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ

Ⱦɚɬɚ ȼɪɟɦɹ Ⱦɨɡɚ ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɥɵ
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɌɅȾ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ

ɌɅȾ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ ʋ: _____________
(ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɇȿ ɋɇɂɆȺɘɌɋə ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ)
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɋɞɚɧ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɬɚ/ȼɪɟɦɹ ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ Ⱦɚɬɚ/ȼɪɟɦɹ ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ [ɦɁɜ]
/ /
/ /
/ /
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ: ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɌɅȾ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɁȺɆȿɑȺɇɂə:
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ: _________________
(ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ)
139
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ Ƚ2
ɆȺɊɄɂɊɈȼɄȺ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɇɕɏ No._______
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌɈȼ
ɉɊȿȾɈɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɂȿ
ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɇɕȿ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌɕ
Ⱦɚɬɚ: _______________________________ ȼɪɟɦɹ: __________________
Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ.: ________________________________________________________
(Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ)
Ⱥɞɪɟɫ: ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧ ʋ: _____________________________
Ɇɚɤɫ. ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ
Ɍɢɩ
[ɢɦɩ./ɫɟɤ]
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ
1.
2.
3.
Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ. ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ: ______________________________________

ɉɨɞɩɢɫɶ: ________________________
*
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.
140
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ: ɄȺɊɌȺ Ƚ3
ɄȼɂɌȺɇɐɂə ɇȺ No._______
Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɇɕȿ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌɕ
ɄȼɂɌȺɇɐɂə ɇȺ ɁȺȽɊəɁɇȿɇɇɕȿ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌɕ
Ⱦɚɬɚ: _______________________________ ȼɪɟɦɹ: __________________
Ɇɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ:_______________________________________________
Ɏ.ɂ.Ɉ.: ________________________________________________________
(Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ)
Ⱥɞɪɟɫ: ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧ ʋ: _____________________________
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ / ɉɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ

Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
1.
2.
3.
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɢ:
____________________________ _________________________
(ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝ) (ȼɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ / Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ)
ɋ ɉɊȿɌȿɇɁɂəɆɂ ɉɈ ɄɈɆɉȿɇɋȺɐɂɂ ɈȻɊȺɓȺɌɖɋə Ʉ:
_______________________________________________________________
141
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂə
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ I
ɄȺɄ ɁȺɉɊɈɋɂɌɖ ɉɈɆɈɓɖ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ
Ɉɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨɛ

ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ
ɆȺȽȺɌɗ, ɤɭɞɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ-ɱɥɟɧɵ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ, ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɟɢɯ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɡɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ (ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ) ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɢ, ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ
ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ, ɜ 1986 ɝ. ɛɵɥ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ (Emergency Response Centre =
ERC), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɲɬɚɛ-
ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɜ ȼɟɧɟ (Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ), ɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ȼ, ɧɚ 7-ɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ, ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚɯ ɫ B0720 ɩɨ
B0725. ȼ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɉɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit),
ɋɟɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (Radiation Safety Section), Ⱦɢɜɢɡɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (Division of Radiation and Waste Safety of the Department of
Nuclear Safety).
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 1
Ɂɚɩɪɨɫ ɜ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ERC ɫ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ-ɱɥɟɧɵ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ, ERC ɝɨɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ
ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 2
ɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ:
A Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ:

i. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ii. ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ
iii. ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ
iv. ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
v. ɢɦɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ ɥɢɰɚ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
145
Ȼ Ɍɢɩ ɢɥɢ ɬɢɩɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ:
i. ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ii. ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
iii. ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ
iv. ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
v. ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ
vi. ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ
vii. ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ
viii. ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ
ix. ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɛɢɨɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ
x. ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ
xi. ɞɪɭɝɨɟ (ɞɪɭɝɢɟ), ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɸ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɦɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɮɚɤɫɨɜ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ERC ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɢɯ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ. ȿɫɥɢ ɹɡɵɤ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ
ɨɬɫɪɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 3
Ɂɚɩɪɨɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ / Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.
ɋɜɨɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Emergency Response
Centre) ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɢ ɧɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɨɬ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ
ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɥɢɰɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɜ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 4
ɉɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ Ɇɢɫɫɢɸ ȼɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɨ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɜ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɢ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ 5
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɨ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɜɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ:………………………….………………………………….
ɇɨɦɟɪ(ɚ) ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ (ɨɜ):………………………..………………………..
ɇɨɦɟɪ(ɚ) ɞɥɹ ɮɚɤɫɢɦɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ:…………………………….

ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɷɬɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ!
146
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ II
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄȺə ȽɈɌɈȼɇɈɋɌɖ ɂ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ

ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ, ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ:
i. ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ;

ii. ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ;
iii. ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɜɲɢɯ ɬɟɥɨ, ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ;
iv. ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɞɭ.
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ

ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ:
i. ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ

ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ;
ii. ɬɢɩɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ;
iii. ɬɢɩɵ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ;
iv. ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɸɛɭɸ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ;
v. ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ;
vi. ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜɪɚɱɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ Ɉɛɳɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɉɥɚɧɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɥɚɧɵ ɢ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
147
ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ:
i. ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ

ɭɪɨɜɧɟ;
ii. ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ;
iii. ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ ɢ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ;
iv. ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɠɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɭɩɪɟɫɫɢɟɣ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ;
v. ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
vi. ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɜ

ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ, ɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ.
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɪɟɞɤɨ: ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜ. ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɪɚɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ.
ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɠɢɜɭɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɦɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɟɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɞɨɡɵ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ (1)

ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɳɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ) ɢ (2)
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ). ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɜ
ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɟ II1.
148
Ɋɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫ-ɤɚɹ Ƚɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ-
ɩɨɦɨɳɶ Ɍɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɞ.
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ
Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɹ
Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
Ɇɟɞɢɰ. ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ
ɞɨɡɵ
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
Ɇɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ Ɉɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ Ɉɫɬɪɵɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ
Ɇɟɞɢɰ. Ⱥɞɨɩɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ
Ⱥɦɛɭɥɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɂɋ. II1. Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ

ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ

ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ
ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɨɩɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɨɝ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ

ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɨɬ
ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ.
1. ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ;

2. ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ, ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɟ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ;
3. ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɇɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɦɟɧɟ

ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. ɇɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ
ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ – ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ
149
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ, ɩɨ
ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɢɰɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɢɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡɵ.
ȼɫɟɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ

ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɞɨɡɵ.
ȼ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ –

ɬ.ɟ., ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ Ƚɨɣɚɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ
112800 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ [27]. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ.
ȼɫɟɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ,

ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. ȼ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɪɚɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɬɚ ɢ ɥɢɰɚ (ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ).
ȼ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɡɚ

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɢ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɢ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ:
1. Ʌɢɰɚ ɫ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ

ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɩɵɬ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
2. Ʌɢɰɚ ɫ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ

ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɨɣ)
Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ,

ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ.
150
3. Ʌɢɰɚ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɗɬɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɡ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭ
ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɝɨ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ ɢɥɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
4. Ʌɢɰɚ ɫ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ

ɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
5. Ʌɢɰɚ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ

ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ.
6. Ʌɢɰɚ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɢ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨɦɨɣ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ

ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɡɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ.
ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ

ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. ȼ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ, ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɟ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɢɥɢ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɤ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɤɚɤ ɗɉɊ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɰɢɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɹ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ (ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɜɨɥɨɫ, ɡɭɛɨɜ) ɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ (ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ, ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɫ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ
ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ (ɯɚɥɚɬ/ɤɨɦɛɢɧɟɡɨɧ, ɦɚɫɤɢ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ, ɛɚɯɢɥɵ – ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ) ɢ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɫɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ. Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɭɲɟɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɭɯɭɸ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɭɲ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɩɨɦɵɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɦɹɝɤɢɦ ɦɵɥɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɦɵɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ. ɀɟɫɬɤɨɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ, ɬɚɤ
ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɨɫ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɬɪɢɠɤɚ. Ⱦɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ.
ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɵɬɶɹ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɧɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨ.
151
ɇɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɦ ɫ ɨɫɬɪɵɦ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɦɢ
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɠɢ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
(ɝɟɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɝɟɦɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɢ), ɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɟɜɵɦɢ
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ: ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ,
ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɢɥɢ ȼɈɁ (ɜ Ⱥɪɝɟɧɬɢɧɟ, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ, Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɢ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ,
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ, əɩɨɧɢɢ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɋɒȺ).
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɲɬɚɬ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ,
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ
ɜ ɭɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ:
(a) ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ

ɲɬɚɬɚ;
(b) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ;
(c) ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ;
(d) ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ

ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ [27, 28], ɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ
[29, 30, 31, 32, 33].
152
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ III
ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ ɉɈ ɈɋɇȺɓȿɇɂɘ ȾɈɁɂɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɉɊɂȻɈɊȺɆɂ∗
ɐɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɦ

ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɡɨɜ – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ.
ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ (ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ

ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ.
ɉɪɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ NaI ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɫ

ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɯ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ Ƚɟɣɝɟɪɚ-
Ɇɸɥɥɟɪɚ (ȽɆ) ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɝɚɦɦɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ 1 Ɇɷȼ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ NaI
ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɡɚɜɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɢɬɶ
ɧɚɭɲɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɝɚɦɦɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɫ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɜɵɲɟ 50 ɤɷȼ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ȽɆ ɫ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ, ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ, ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪɵ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ. ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ 1
ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ.
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɤ ȽɆ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɢ ɥɟɝɱɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ

ɜɢɞɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ
ȽɆ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɢ ɧɢɠɟ 50 ɤɷȼ; ɨɧɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ

ɬɪɭɞɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ȽɆ: ɨɧɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ 10 ɤɷȼ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɣɨɞɚ-125, ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ
∗ Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɡɹɬ ɢɡ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ NAIR Handbook, ɪɟɞ.1995,

ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ NRPB [34]
153
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɦɦɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ 30 ɤɷȼ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɑɢɫɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɢ, ɧɨ

ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɯ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɪɰɟɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ȽɆ ɫ
ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɧɨɦ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɬɚ-ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɟɬɚ-ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɫ

ɪɚɞɢɨɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɬɟɱɤɟ ɢɡ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɬɚ/ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ) ɢɥɢ
ɪɚɞɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ.
ɉɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɨɪɰɟɜɵɟ
ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ȽɆ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɧɨɦ, ɛɟɬɚ-ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɫ ɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɬɢɬɚɧɚ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ

ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ, - ɷɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ
ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɬɢɩɚ ȽɆ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ – ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɛɟɬɚ-ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɨɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜɞɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɚɦɦɚ- ɢɥɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɬɪɢɬɢɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ

(ɧɢɡɤɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ) ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɝɚɡɨɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɨɤɧɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɤ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɚɦɢ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɜ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ, ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɥɭɱɢ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ

ɪɚɞɢɨɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɟ NaI ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ
ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɫɟɧɨɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɦɢ, ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɥɭɱɢ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɭ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɜ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɢ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ.
154
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚɦɢ
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ,

ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ. Ⱥɥɶɮɚ-ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɤɪɨɜɢ, ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ-
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɧɭɠɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ. ɋɸɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɰɢɧɤ-ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɨɤɧɨɦ ɢ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɨɤɧɨɦ. Ɍɨɪɰɟɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ȽɆ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɧɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 5
Ȼɤ/ɫɦ2.
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɑɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ "ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ" ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ, ɜɨɞɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ

ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɢ, ɤɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɚɪɢ, ɤɚɥɶɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɨɜɚɹ ɥɟɧɬɚ,
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ, ɉȼɏ ɥɟɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ, ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɭɦɚɝɚ
ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ ɢ ɳɢɩɰɵ; ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 25 ɦɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ.
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ

ɩɪɹɦɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ ɫ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɜɨɣ ɧɢɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɟɳɟ
ɥɭɱɲɟ, - ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪ, ɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ

ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɣ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ,
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɫɚɩɨɝɢ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɤɚɫɤɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɬɨɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ.
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ,

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ [6].
155
TAȻɅɂɐȺ III1. ȾȺɇɇɕȿ Ɉ ɊȺȾɂɈɇɍɄɅɂȾȺɏ ɂ ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ
ȾȿɌȿɄɌɈɊȺɏ
ȼ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ

ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɯ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɉɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɵ
ɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ ȽɆ
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧ-
ɂɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧ. ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ
Ɍɨɪɰɟɜɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ ȽɆ
β-ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪ (ɜɫɟ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰ. ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɫ
(ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ)
NaI ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰ. ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
ɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ Xe
α-ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪ
β-ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ [Mɷȼ]
ɫɰɢɧɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪ
ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ)
12.3 ɇɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
H-3 β-0.019 – – – – – – –
ɝɨɞɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Be-7 53.3 ɞ γ 0.48 R U R R – – – R – – R
C-14 5.7 103 ɥ β- 0.156 – R R – R R – R R – –
β+ 0.55
Na-22 2.6 ɝɨɞɚ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 1.28
β- 1.4
Na-24 15.0 ɱɚɫ S U R S R R R R R – U
γ 1.4, 2.8
P-32 14.3 ɞ β- 1.7 – R R – R R R R R – U

S-35 87.5 ɞ β- 0.17 – R R – R R – R R – –
Cl-36 3.0 105 ɥ β- 0.71 – R R – R R – R R – –
β- 3.6
K-42 12.4 S U R S R R R R R – U
γ 1.5
163.0
Ca-45 β- 0.26 – R R – R R – R R – –
ɱɚɫ
-
β 0.69 (82%)
Ca-47* 4.5 ɞ γ 1.3, 2.0 S U R S R R – R R – –
(18%)
β- 0.36
Sc-46 83.8 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 1.0
x 0.005
Cr-51 27.7 ɞ S U R S – – – P – – P
γ 0.3
Ma-54 312.5 ɞ γ 0.8 R U R R – – – P – – P
Fe-55 2.7 ɝ x 0.006 – U R – – – – P – – P
β- 0.4
Fe-59 45.1 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 1.2
β+ 1.5
Co-56 78.8 ɞ S U R S – – – – – – R
γ 1-3
Co-57 271.4 ɞ γ 0.13 R U R R – – – P – – P
β+ 0.5
Co-58 70.8 ɞ S U R S U U – P U – P
γ 0.8
β- 0.3
Co-60 5.3 ɥɟɬ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 1.3
Ni-63 100.0 ɥ β- 0.066 – U R – – P – – P – –
Zn-65 243.8 ɞ γ 1.1 R U R R – – – R U – P
Se-75 119.8 ɞ γ 0.1 - 0.4 R U R R – – – R – – R
156
ɂɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɞɨɡɵ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ)
β- 0.4
Br-82 1.5 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.5 - 1.5
Kr-85 10.7 ɥɟɬ β- 0.7 – U R – – – – – – – –
β- 1.8
Ru-86 18.7 ɞ S U R S R R R R R – –
γ 1.1
Sr-85 64.8 ɞ γ 0.5 R U R R – – – R – – R
Sr-89 50.5 ɞ β- 1.5 – R R – R R R R R – U
Sr-90 29.1 ɥɟɬ β- 0.5 – R R – R R – R R – –
Y-88 106.6 ɞ γ 1.8 R U R R – – – R – – R
Y-90 2.7 ɞ β- 2.3 – R R – R R R R R – U
Y-91 58.5 ɞ β- 1.5 – R R – R R R R R – U
β- 0.4
Zr-95 64.0 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.7
β- 0.16
Nb-95 35.2 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.76
β- 1.2
Mo-99 2.8 ɞ S U R S R R R R R – U
γ 0.7
Te-99 2.1 105 ɥ β- 0.3 – R R – R R – R R – –
Te-99m 6.0 ɱɚɫ γ 0.14 R U R R – – – – – – R
β- 0.2
Ru-103 39.4 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.5
β- 1.5 - 3.6
Ru-106 1.0 ɥɟɬ S U R S R R R R R – U
γ 0.5 - 2.9
β- 0.5
Ag-110m 249.9 ɞ S U R S R R R R R – U
γ 0.6 - 1.5
x 0.02
Cd-109 1.3 ɥɟɬ S U R S – – – – – – R
γ 0.09
x 0.02
In-111 2.8 ɞ S U R S – – – R – – R
γ 0.2
x 0.02
Sn-113 115.1 ɞ S U R S – – – R – – R
γ 0.4
Sn-119m 293.0 ɞ x 0.02 – U R U – – – R – – R
β- 0.1 - 2.3
Sb-124 60.2 ɞ S U R S R R U R R – R
γ 0.6
β- 0.6
Sb-125 2.7 ɥɟɬ S U R S R – – – – – –
γ 0.6
x
I-125 60.1 ɞ – U R U – – – R – – R
γ 0.03
β- 0.15
I-129 1.6 107 ɥ – U R S R R – R R – R
x 0.03
β- 0.6
I-131 8.0 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.4
β- 0.3
Xe-133 5.3 ɞ S U R S – – – – – – –
γ 0.08
β- 0.6
Cs-134 2.1 ɥɟɬ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.7
157
ɞɨɡɵ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ)
β- 0.5
Cs-137 30.0 ɥɟɬ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.7
Ba-133 10.7 ɥɟɬ γ 0.3 R U R R – – – R – – R
β- 1.0
Ba-140 12.7 ɞ S U R S R R U R R – U
γ 0.5
β- 1 – 2
La-140 1.7 ɞ S U R S R R R R R – U
γ 0.3 - 2.5
Ce-139 137.7 ɞ γ 0.2 R U R R – – – R – – R
β- 0.5
Ce-141 32.5 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.15
β- 3
Ce-144 284.9 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ1-2
Pm-147 2.6 ɥɟɬ β- 0.2 – R R – R R – R R – –
Sm-151 89.9 ɥɟɬ β- 0.6 – U R – R R U R R – –
β- 0.7
Eu-152 13.3 ɥɟɬ S U R S U U – R U – R
γ 0.3 - 1.3
x
Gd-153 242.0 ɞ R U R R – – – R – – R
γ 0.04 - 0.1
β- 0.5 – 1
Tb-160 72.3 ɞ S U R S R R U R R - -
γ 0.1 - 1.3
β- 1,
Tm-170 128.6 ɞ x S U R S R R U R R – –
γ 0.01 - 0.08
x
Yb-169 32.0 ɞ R U R R R R – R R – R
γ 0.01 - 0.3
W-185 75.1 ɞ β- 0.4 – R R – R R – R R – –
β- 0.7
Ir-192 74.0 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.5
β- 1
Au-198 2.7 ɞ S U R S R R U R R – U
γ 0.4
β- 0.4
Au-199 3.1 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.2
β- 0.2
Hg-103 46.6 ɞ S U R S R R – R R – –
γ 0.3
Tl-204 3.8 ɥɟɬ β- 0.8 – R R – R R U R R – U
β- 0.06
Pb-210 22.3 ɥɟɬ S U R S – – – U – – U
γ 0.05
ɇɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Po-210 138.4 ɞ α – – – – R R –
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
α
Ra-226 1.6 103 ɥ β- 3 S U R S R R R R U U –
γ 0.2 - 2
α
Th-228 1.9 ɥɟɬ β- 2 S U R S U U – – R R –
γ 0.1 - 3
158
ɞɨɡɵ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ)
α
1.41 β- 2
Th-232 – – – – U U – – R R –
1010 ɥ γ 0.5 – 2
α
U-238 4.5 109 ɥ β- 2 S U R S U U – – R R –
γ 0.1 - 2
α
Ne-237 2.1 106 ɥ S U R S U U – – R R –
γ 0.03 - 0.4
Pu-238 87.7 ɥɟɬ α U U – – R R –
α
Pu-239 2.4 104 ɥ S U S S U – – – R R U
x
α
Am-241 432.0 ɥ R U R R – – – – R R U
γ 0.06
Cm-244 18.1 ɥɟɬ α U U – – R R –
α
Cf-252 2.6 ɥɟɬ n2 R U R R U U – – R R –
γ
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ:
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ.
R Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
S Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
U Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ.
P Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ: ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
– ɇɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ.
159
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ IV
ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɕȿ ɍɉȺɄɈȼɄɂ ɂ ɂȾȿɇɌɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɂɋɌɈɑɇɂɄȺ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ

ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ,
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɬɢɩ ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɜ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ («ɂɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ»)
ɇɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 5ɦɤɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ "Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ". ɇɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɹɳɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ.
"ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ" ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɤ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ

ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɗɬɨ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɹɳɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ.
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
Ⱦɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ: "ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ" ɢɥɢ "Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɫ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟɦ".
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɡ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɥɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɬɨɪɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɪɚɧ.
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ "Ɍɢɩ Ⱥ"
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ

ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ "Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ" ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ (I,
II ɢɥɢ III, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ), ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɤ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɦ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɭ IV1.
160
ɌȺȻɅɂɐȺ IV1. ɆȺɊɄɂɊɈȼɄȺ ɌɊȺɇɋɉɈɊɌɇɕɏ ɍɉȺɄɈȼɈɄ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ

Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
[ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ] 1 ɦ [ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ]
I–ȻȿɅȺə 0.005 -
II–ɀȿɅɌȺə 0.5 0.01
III–ɀȿɅɌȺə 2 0.1
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɟ,
ɬɨ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦ.
ɗɬɢɤɟɬɤɚ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ I ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɮɨɧ; ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ II ɢ III ɢɦɟɸɬ ɮɨɧ
ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɛɟɥɵɣ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ IV1).
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ.
Ɋɂɋ. IV1. Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ
161
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ "Ɍɢɩ ȼ"
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ.
Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ «Ɍɢɩ ȼ» ɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ I, II ɢɥɢ III ɫ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ/ɜɨɞɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ.
ɍɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ "Ɍɢɩ ɋ"
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ

ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
əɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ «Ɍɢɩɚ ȼ», ɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
ɉɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ

ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.
Ƚɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɦ
ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɈɈɇ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɩɨɥɢɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ.
Ⱦɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɧɚ
ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɯ ɤɭɡɨɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɤɚɛɢɧɟ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ. ɍɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ ɝɪɭɡɨɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɦɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɟɡɟɬ ɤɨɩɢɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ
ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɝɪɭɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ, ɩɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɢɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɚ
ɝɪɭɡɨɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɥɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɟɟ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɟɡɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɛɢɧɟ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ.
Ɋɂɋ. IV2. Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
162
ɇɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɑɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ,

ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɵ (ɯɨɬɹ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ). ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ ɤɚɬɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɟɯɚɥ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ).
Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɢ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ

ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɢɤɨɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ, ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦ.
ɉɭɫɬɚɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɚ
ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɋ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɨɣ ɫ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶɸ «ɉɭɫɬɨ –
ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ». ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ «Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ».
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ [7, 8, 34, 35].
163
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ V
ȺȼȺɊɂɂ ɋ ɌɊȺɇɋȽɊȺɇɂɑɇɕɆɂ ɗɎɎȿɄɌȺɆɂ
Ɍɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ,

ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ. ȼ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ [10],
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ
ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɝɞɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɤɚ) ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ,
ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ
ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (Ⱦɍȼ), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ

ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ). Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɲɥɟɣɮɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɞɨɠɞɶ. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɭɝɪɨɡɵ,
ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ.
Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ

ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ ɲɥɟɣɮ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɬ ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɯ ɫɬɨɤɨɜ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ.
Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɞɢɱɶ ɢ
ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɭɝɪɨɡɟ, ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ

ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
i. ɉɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ,
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ,
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ
ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ, Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ.
ii. ɉɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ) ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
iii. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɟɨɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ (ɭɞɟɥɹɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɪɚ ɢ
ɞɨɠɞɹɦ).
iv. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɵ.
164
v. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ (ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɵɟ) ɜ
ɜɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.
vi. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ
VI1).
vii. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɜɨɞɨɤ.
viii. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɫɦ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ VI1), ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ix. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ.
x. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɚɯ.
xi. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɜɫɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
xii. ɋɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɨ
ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ).
xiii. ɂɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
xiv. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɤɚɦ. ɉɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɥɚɧ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɱɟɬ.
165
ɍɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɉɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ

ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɦɟɬɟɨɫɜɨɞɤɭ ɢ

ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɉɪɹɦɨɟ
ɇɟɬ ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɇɟɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ
?
Ⱦɚ
ɉɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
ɍɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ
ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɋɆɂ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ
Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ Ɂɚɩɪɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɸ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɨɟɡɞɤɚɦ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵ
ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɢ Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɉɪɹɦɨɟ
ɇɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
?
Ⱦɚ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ
ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ:
• ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ; ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ, ɝɞɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɞɨɠɞɶ
• ɇɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ,
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ
ɧɚɩɪ., ɞɨɠɞɟɜɵɟ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɵ
ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ
• ɇɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ
ɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
• ɇɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɜɵɩɚɫ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ
ɩɚɫɬɛɢɳɚɯ
• Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɨɬɵ
• Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂə
ɜɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ V ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
• Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɲɟɣ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ (ɫɦ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ [6]).
Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ ɞɚɧɨ ɜ [36]
Ɋɂɋ. V1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɸ
166
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ VI
ȼɈɁȼɊȺɓȿɇɂȿ ɋɉɍɌɇɂɄɈȼ, ɊȺȻɈɌȺɘɓɂɏ ɇȺ əȾȿɊɇɈɃ ɗɇȿɊȽɂɂ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɟ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ

ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ
ɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ
ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ,
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ, ɯɨɬɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ. Ɍɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ
ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 100000 ɤɦ2. ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ. Ɋɢɫɤ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɷɬɢɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ: ɨɬ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɝɨ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 5000 ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ

[10], ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɆȺȽȺɌɗ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤ.
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ

ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
i. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ.
ii. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɟ
iii. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɞɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ:
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɨ

ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ;
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ.
iv. ɉɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:
ɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ;

ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ.
167
v. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ,
ɜɟɪɬɨɥɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ. ɉɟɲɢɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ.
vi. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɢ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɛ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ.
vii. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ [6].
viii. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɢɬɶ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, -
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɨ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɬɨɝɨ:
ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ;

ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɥɸɞɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɵ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ, ɢ ɨɛ ɷɬɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-
ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ;
ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶ;
ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ; ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ.
ix. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ

ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ (ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ). Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ).
x. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ.
xi. ɂɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ
ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ). Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ,
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
xii. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɤɚɦ. ɉɪɢ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɥɚɧ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ [11].
168
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ VII
ɋȼəɁɖ ɋɈ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɆȺɋɋɈȼɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ ɂ ɋ ɇȺɋȿɅȿɇɂȿɆ
ɁȺɑȿɆ
ɋɜɹɡɶ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɭɸ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɪɜɚɧɨ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɤ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ:
1. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ: ɥɸɞɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ

ɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ, ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
2. ɉɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɯɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɜ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɹɫɧɨɣ, ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɯɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ,
ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ, ɱɟɦ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ cɜɹɡɶ.
3. ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɤ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɜ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ.
4. Ⱦɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɡɚɧɹɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ,
ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
5. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ.
ɄɈȽȾȺ ɢ ȼ ɄȺɄɈɃ ɎɈɊɆȿ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ, ɜɵ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ; ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ; ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɨɞɨɪɜɚɧɨ.
1. Ȼɪɨɲɸɪɵ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ; ɜ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ.
2. Ȼɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɛɪɢɮɢɧɝɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɫɫɵ; ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɹɫɧɨ, ɞɥɹ
ɤɚɤɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɢɯ ɫɟɦɶɢ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɯɨɬɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ.
ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ

ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: ɷɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ
169
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ

ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ
ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɝɚɡɟɬ, ɪɚɞɢɨ- ɢ
ɬɟɥɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
i. ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɛɪɢɮɢɧɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ

ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɷɬɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.
ii. Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ

ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɯɨɬɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɨɛɨɞɪɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ, ɬɢɩɚ ɬɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɜ Ƚɨɣɚɧɢɢ (Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ)
(1987) [29], ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ:
(a) «ɝɨɪɹɱɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ» ɩɨ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ;

(b) ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɫ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ;
(c) ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ – ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ Web-
ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ.
ɄȺɄɂɆ ɈȻɊȺɁɈɆ
Ɍɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ

ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ cɩɢɤɟɪ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɢɤɟɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ: ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɬɚɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
Ɇɚɧɟɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ,
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɢ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ.
170
ɎɍɇȾȺɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɈȻɓȿɇɂə
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ.
«Ɇɟɧɶɲɟ» ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ «ɛɨɥɶɲɟ»: ɥɸɞɢ ɢɳɭɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ, ɚ ɧɟ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ.
Ɉɛɳɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɨɛɦɟɧ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ.
ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ.

ɇɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɞɭ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɟ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ

ɡɚɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ
ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɹ

"ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɚɪɝɨɧɚ".
ȼɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɹɫɶ

ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ȾȿɋəɌɖ ɉɊȺȼɂɅ ɈȻɓȿɇɂə ȼɈ ȼɊȿɆə ɂɇɌȿɊȼɖɘ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɨɣ

ɂɡɛɟɝɚɣɬɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɰɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɉɧ ɧɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ
ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɦɭɳɚɟɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɨɬɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ
ɜɚɫ ɨɬ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵ ɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵ

Ɋɚɫɫɥɚɛɶɬɟɫɶ ɢ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ,
ɱɟɦ ɤɬɨ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɧɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɱɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɣɬɟ ɷɬɨ. ȼɚɲɚ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɇɟ ɪɢɫɤɭɣɬɟ ɟɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɩɥɨɯɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ,
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɟ ɢɯ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.
171
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦɢ
Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ, ɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶ ɢɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚ 30 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ. ȼɵ
ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɧɵ
ɇɟ ɛɨɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɸɦɨɪ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɨ. Ɉɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɞɪɭɠɟɥɸɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɢɡ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɭɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ ɢɞɟɸ ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ. Ⱥɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɟ
ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ

ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɨ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɯ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ
ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ. Ɋɟɲɢɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ,
ɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ (ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ) ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ, ɢ
ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɯ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ɂɝɪɚɣɬɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɢɝɪɭ! ɇɟ
ɬɪɚɬɶɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ
ɋɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɶ – ɧɟ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ. ɋɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ. Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ, ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ, ɧɨ ɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɠɟɫɬɚɦɢ, ɦɢɦɢɤɨɣ ɢ "ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɬɟɥɚ", ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ
ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɟɛɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɲ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɢɦɟɟɬ "ɥɢɰɨ", ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ

Ƚɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨ. ɇɟ ɛɨɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɚɭɡ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚ
ɫɜɨɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ.
172
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ VIII
ɄȺɄ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɂɌɖ ɈɌɑȿɌ ɈȻ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɜɚɪɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ.

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ, ɞɚɬɭ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ / ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ
ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ. Ɉɬɱɟɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɜ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ:
ɊȿɁɘɆȿ
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɟɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ; ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ)
ɈɉɂɋȺɇɂȿ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ
ɉɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ: ɫɬɪɚɧɭ, ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɭ, ɲɬɚɬ,
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ⱦɚɬɚ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɚ, ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ, ɮɚɤɫɨɜ, ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɵ
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ
Ɉɛɥɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ / ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ,
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɞɪɭɝɨɟ (ɭɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ)
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɚ, ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɛɨɪɤɚ; ɭɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ
ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɦɟɬɶɬɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɭɪɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɬɪɢɬɢɣ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɵ, ɧɚɩɪ., Co-60, Cs-137, Ir–192; ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ,
ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɍɢɩ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɚɦɦɚ-, ɛɟɬɚ-, ɝɚɦɦɚ- ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ, ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ, ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺ ȺȼȺɊɂɘ
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ; ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɉɈɋɅȿȾɋɌȼɂə ȾɅə ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ

ȼɢɞ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ, ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ (ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ)
173
ɉɈɋɅȿȾɋɌȼɂə ȾɅə ɈɄɊɍɀȺɘɓȿɃ ɋɊȿȾɕ
Ɍɢɩ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
Ɋɟɡɸɦɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɍɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȾɈɁɕ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɥɢɰ
ȼɕȼɈȾɕ ɂ ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ
ɂɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɸ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
174
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ
[1] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Intervention Criteria in a Nuclear

or Radiation Emergency, Safety Series No.109, IAEA, Vienna (1994).
[2] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, International Basic Safety
Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation
Sources, Safety Series No. 115, IAEA, Vienna (1996).
[3] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Emergency Planning and
Preparedness for Accidents Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine,
Industry, Research and Teaching, Safety Series No. 91, IAEA, Vienna (1989).
[4] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Generic Assessment Procedures
for Determining Protective Actions during a Reactor Accident, IAEA-TECDOC-955,
Vienna (1997).
[5] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Method for the Development of
Emergency Response Preparedness for Nuclear or Radiological Accidents, IAEA-
TECDOC-953, Vienna (1997).
[6] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Generic Procedures for
Monitoring in a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency, IAEA-TECDOC-1092, Vienna
(1999).
[7] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Regulations for the Safe Transport
of Radioactive Material (1996 Edition), Safety Standards Series No. ST-1/
Requirements, IAEA, Vienna (1996).
[8] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Advisory Material for the
Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (1996 Edition), Safety Series
No. 7, IAEA, Vienna (1996).
[9] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Planning and Preparing for
Emergency Response to Transport Accidents involving Radioactive Material, IAEA
Safety Guide No. ST-3, IAEA, Vienna (2000).
[10] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Convention on Early Notification
of a Nuclear Accident and Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident
or Radiological Emergency, Legal Series No.14, IAEA, Vienna (1987).
[11] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Emergency Planning and
Preparedness for Re-entry of a Nuclear Powered Satellite, Safety Series No. 119, IAEA,
Vienna (1996).
[12] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Clearance Levels for
Radionuclides in Solid Materials, Application for Exemption Principles, IAEA-
TECDOC-855, Vienna (1996).
[13] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Clearance of Materials Resulting
from the Use of Radionuclides in Medicine, Industry and Research, IAEA-TECDOC-
1000, Vienna (1998).
[14] US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, External Exposure to
Radionuclides in Air, Water, and Soil, Federal Guidance Report No. 12, US EPA, EPA-
402-R-93-081, Washington DC (1993).
[15] US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Manual of Protective Action
Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, Rep. US EPA, EPA 400-R-92-001,
Washington DC (1992).
[16] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Derived Intervention Levels for
Application in Controlling Radiation Doses to the Public in the event of a Nuclear
Accident or Radiological Emergency – Principles, Procedures and Data, Safety Series
No. 81, IAEA, Vienna (1986).
175
[17] SHLEIEN, B., Preparedness and Response in Radiation Accidents, Health and Human
Service, Food and Drug Administration, Rep. FDA-824 (1983).
[18] JACOB, P., MECKBACH, R., Shielding factors and external dose evaluation, radiation
protection dosimetry, 21 1/3 (1987) 79-85.
[19] JENSEN, P.H., Atmospheric Dispersion and Environmental Consequences — Exposure
from Radioactive Plume Pathways, Rep. Risø-M-2849(EN), Risø National Laboratory,
Roskilde, Denmark, (1992).
[20] INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION, Age-
dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 4
Inhalation Dose Coefficients, ICRP Publication 71, Vol. 25 Nos 3-4 (1995).
[21] ECKERMAN, K.F., WOLBARST, A.B., RICHARDSON, A.C.B., Limiting Values of
Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation,
Submersion, and Ingestion, Rep. EPA-520/1-88-020, Federal Guidance Report No. 11,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC (1988).
[22] RAMSDELL, J.V., Atmospheric Diffusion for Control Room Habitability Assessments,
Rep. NUREG/CR-5055 (PNL-51998), Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland,
Washington DC (1988).
[23] TURNER, D.B., Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates, AP-26, US
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Programs, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina (1970).
[24] SHLEIEN, B., The Health Physics and Radiological Health Handbook, Revised Edition,
Silver Spring, USA (1992).
[25] McGUIRE, S.A., A Regulatory Analysis on Emergency Preparedness for Fuel Cycle
and Other Radioactive Material Licensees (Final Report), NUREG-1140, US Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington DC (1988).
[26] SOFFER, L., et al, Accident Source Terms for Light Water Nuclear Power Plants, Rep.
NUREG-1465, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC (1992).
[27] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Medical Handling of Accidentally
Exposed Individuals, Safety Series No. 88, IAEA, Vienna (1988).
[28] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Assessment and Treatment of
External and Internal Radionuclide Contamination, IAEA-TECDOC-869, Vienna
(1996).
[29] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, The Radiological Accident in
Goiânia, IAEA, Vienna (1988).
[30] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, The Radiological Accident in San
Salvador, IAEA, Vienna (1990).
[31] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, The Radiological Accident in
Soreq, IAEA, Vienna (1993).
[32] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Accidental Overexposure of
Radiotherapy Patients in San José, Costa Rica, IAEA, Vienna (1998).
[33] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Lessons Learned from Accidents
in Industrial Irradiation Facilities, IAEA, Vienna (1996).
[34] NATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION BOARD, NAIR Handbook, 1995
Edition, Harwell (1995).
[35] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Schedules of Requirements for the
Transport of Specified Types of Radioactive Material Consignments, Safety Series No.
80 (as amended 1990), IAEA, Vienna (1990).
[36] INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIATION UNITS AND
MEASUREMENTS, Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from External
Radiation Sources, Report 39, Bethesda, MD (1985).
176
[37] INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION, 1990
Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection,
Publication 60, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York (1991).
177
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ
A
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ
ɢɥɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɸ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɥɸɞɹɦ,
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɹ
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ,
ɨɬɤɚɡɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɤɢ, ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɋɦ. ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ
Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɪɨɥɢ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ
Ʌɢɰɨ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɋɦ. ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ.
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɞɟɪ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
dN
A(t) =
dt
ɝɞɟ dN – ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ dt. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɋɂ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚ (ɫɟɤ-1), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɤɤɟɪɟɥɶ (Ȼɤ)2. 1 Ȼɤ = 1 ɪɚɫɩɚɞ/ɫɟɤ
ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ (A)

ɋɭɦɦɚ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɚɬɨɦɟ.
2 Ʉɸɪɢ (Ʉɢ), ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 3.7 × 1010 ɛɟɤɤɟɪɟɥɟɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ , ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ
178
Ȼ
ɛɟɤɤɟɪɟɥɶ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
ȼ
ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɑɢɫɥɨ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɞɥɹ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɱɟɝɨ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɆɄɊɁ ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ
ɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ (ɢɥɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ) ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɡ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ
ɛɟɡ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ
ɥɸɛɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ.
ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɦ ɨɬ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
Ƚ
ɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɢɯ.
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ: Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ.
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ
ɋɦ. ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ.
179
ɝɪɟɣ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ; ɫɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɡɚ.
Ⱦ
ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ
ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (Ⱦɍȼ)

ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɂɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɭɸ, ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɡɵ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɚ, ɜ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɷɪɢɬɟɦɚ
ɢ ɥɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.
ɞɨɡɚ
Ɇɟɪɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɚ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ, ɢɥɢ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ, ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɢ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ.
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ
ɦɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ⱦɠ/ɤɝ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ - ɝɪɟɣ
(Ƚɪ)3. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ:
dε
D=
dm
ɬ.ɟ., ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭ,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ
ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ; ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɭɫɪɟɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɫɦ. ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ. ɋɦ. ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɆɄɊɁ N 60 [36].
ɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: ɋɭɦɦɚ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ, ɢ
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɞɨɡɟ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ .
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: ɉɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪ.
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: Ɋɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪ, ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪ(ɵ) ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ
ɞɨɡɨɣ.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; ɟɫɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɡɵ, ɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.
3 Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɪɚɞ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 0,01 Ƚɪ.
180
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ, ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ - ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨ-Ɂɢɜɟɪɬ
(ɱɟɥ-Ɂɜ).
ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: Ⱦɨɡɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 50 ɥɟɬ (70 ɥɟɬ – ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɧɨɜɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ). ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɣ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɣ, ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɡɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ Ƚɪ ɢɥɢ Ɂɜ.
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɡɵ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɨɬ ɞɨɡɵ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ (ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ wT) ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ HT ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɬ.ɟ.:
E = ¦ wT H T
T
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɡ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ – Ⱦɠ/ɤɝ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ – ɡɢɜɟɪɬ (Ɂɜ)4. ɋɦ. ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɆɄɊɁ
N 60.
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɸ ɜɪɟɞɚ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɨɬ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ɋɢɦɜɨɥ HT, ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ
Ⱦɠ/ɤɝ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ – ɡɢɜɟɪɬ (Ɂɜ). ɋɦ. ɉɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɆɄɊɁ N 60 [37].
ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ: ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɛɳɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ,
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ, ɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ: Ⱦɨɡɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ,
ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪ, ɢɥɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪɵ.
ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɞɨɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ (ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ –
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ) ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ
BSS [2]. Ɋɚɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ, ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ.
E
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
4 Ȼɷɪ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 0,01 Ɂɜ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ.
181
Ɂ
ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ.
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɢɥɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɡɨɜ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ),
ɝɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢɥɢ ɝɞɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ.
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ: Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ.
ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ (ɧɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ: Ɂɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ
ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ.
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɋɦ. ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ.
ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɟ
ɋɦ. ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɢɡɴɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ.
ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ: Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ —
ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ — ɫɦ. ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɪ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ.
ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɢ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ.
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ
ȼɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ
ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɡɢɜɟɪɬ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɡɚ.
182
ɡɨɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ: Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɂ
ɢɡɨɬɨɩ
Ⱥɬɨɦɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɧɨɜ, ɧɨ
ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɨɜ.
ɢɡɨɬɨɩ-ɦɚɪɤɟɪ: ɂɡɨɬɨɩ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɋɦ. ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ.
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ȼɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɞɨɧ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ,
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ; ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɨɛɥɭɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ
ɫɬɟɪɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ; ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ
ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɜ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ; - ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪ., ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ) ɢɥɢ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪ., ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ). ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ (ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ, ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ)
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɯ.
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: ȼɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɢ ɡɜɟɡɞɵ (ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ), ɫɤɚɥɵ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɚ (ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ).
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Ɋɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ (a) ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɜ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɩɚɹɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɟ, ɢɥɢ (ɛ) ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ.
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
183
Ƀ
ɣɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ
ɉɪɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɣɨɞɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ) ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɣ
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɣɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɣɨɞɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ.
Ʉ
ɤɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɚ
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɬɟɦ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ. Ʉɚɥɢɛɪɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ –
ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ, ɫ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ.
ɤɨɧɬɪɦɟɪɚ
ȼɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ; ɢ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ.
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɦɚɫɫɵ (ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ) ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɑɢɫɥɨ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɱɟɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɵ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧ ɧɚ
ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɆɄɊɁ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ
ɞɨɡɵ, ɧɨ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ, ɤɚɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɡɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ.
Ɇ
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ
ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɡɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
184
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ: Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ: Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ (ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ,
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ).
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ: ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ,
ɩɨɩɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ.
ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ

ɋɦ. ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ.
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ

ɋɦ. ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ.
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɲɟɧɢ.
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ, ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɣ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ.5
ɇ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɤɟ (ɢɦɦɟɪɫɢɹ)

ɉɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ.
ɧɟɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɇɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦ, ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ.
Ɉ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɉɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ.
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.6
5 ɏɨɬɹ, ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɝɨɞɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ), ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɆȺȽȺɌɗ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɞɨɡɚ ɡɚ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ, ɢɥɢ ɞɨɡɚ ɡɚ ɱɚɫ).
6 Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ,
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
185
ɨɫɬɪɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ, ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ (ɤɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ) ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɥɚ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ.
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ: Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ
ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɚɜɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ,
ɜɥɢɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ: Ɉɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɮɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɉɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɟ
ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ
Ƚɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ.
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ (Ɉɍȼ)

ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɈɍȾ)

ɨɰɟɧɤɚ
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɪ
ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ.
ɉ
ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɛɵɜɲɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɚɜɚɪɢɢ, ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɫ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ.
ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ, ɦɟɞɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ.
ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
186
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ
ȼɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ,
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ) ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ.
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ: ȼɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ (ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ) ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ: ȼɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɫɟɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ

ɋɦ. ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ.
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ.
ɩɪɟɞɟɥ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɨ.
ɞɨɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ (ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɞɨɡɵ): ɉɪɟɞɟɥ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɭɦɚ (ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɥɟɬ) ɢɥɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ BSS [2]ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ: ɉɪɟɞɟɥ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ. ɉɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ.
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ – ɥɸɛɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ.
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
ɋɦ. ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ
187
ɩɭɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɭɬɶ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɢɥɢ
ɨɛɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ.
Ɋ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ; ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɋɦ. ɡɚɳɢɬɚ.
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ.
ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ
ɉɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ,
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɪɚɞɢɨɣɨɞ
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɣɨɞɚ.
ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ
əɞɪɨ (ɚɬɨɦɚ), ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ (ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ).
əɞɪɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɢ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ.
ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ: Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ,
ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ, ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ

Ƚɚɦɦɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɤɟ.
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ
Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. (ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ).
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɚ,
ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɞɨɡɭ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɭɸ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ, ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɡɨɧɭ, ɝɞɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɟ.
ɋ
ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ (ɧɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɋɦ. ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
188
ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ
Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ; ɰɟɥɶ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ -
ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ

ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɣɨɞɚ
ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɣ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɣɨɞɢɞ
ɤɚɥɢɹ (KI), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ.
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɣɨɞ
Ƀɨɞ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɣɨɞɚ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ.
ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɡɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɪɚɡɜɢɥɫɹ) ɧɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɡɵ. ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ: ɪɚɤ, ɥɟɣɤɨɡ. ɋɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.
Ɍ
ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣ ɜɡɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɑɢɫɥɨ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɆɄɊɁ [37].
ɭɤɪɵɬɢɟ
Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɸɞɹɦ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɜɟɪɹɦɢ.
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ: ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ,
ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ: Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ: ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɪɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ
189
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ: Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɪɢ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ
ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ BSS [2].
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ: Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ), ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
Ɏ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɋɦ. ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɮɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ (ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ)

ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢ
ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ.
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɲɥɟɣɮ (ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɣ)
«Ɉɛɥɚɤɨ» ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɦ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɵɦ.
ɗ
ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ
Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɵ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ; ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚɦɟɧɟɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ (ɫɦ. ɞɨɡɚ), ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɆɄɊɁ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɞɨɡɵ
ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɷɬɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ.
190
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ: ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ, ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɆɄɊȿ [36] ɞɚɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɤaɤ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɞɨɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɦ ɲɚɪɟ ɆɄɊȿ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ d ɩɨ
ɪɚɞɢɭɫɭ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ; ɫɢɦɜɨɥ H*(d) [36] . Ⱦɥɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ d = 10 ɦɦ.
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɋɦ. ɞɨɡɚ.
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɵ

ɋɦ. ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɞɨɡɵ.
191
ɈȻɈɁɇȺɑȿɇɂə
ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
Ȼɤ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ; ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ; ɧɢɠɧɢɣ
A ɤȻɤ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ i ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ; At – ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t, Ao -
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ to
ɆȻɤ
Al Ȼɤ/ɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
AMN ɚɬɨɦɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ; ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ
As Ȼɤ/ɦ2 ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Asp ɤȻɤ/ɝ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
Ȼɤ/ɦ3 ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ; ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ(ɨɜ) ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ,

ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ; ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ: a-
Ȼɤ/ɥ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, g-ɩɨɱɜɚ, s-ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ (ɢɥɢ ɤɨɠɚ), f-ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ; ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ
C j ,i
Ȼɤ/ɤɝ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ; ɱɟɪɬɚ ɧɚɞ C ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ; ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
Ȼɤ/ɦ2 ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ As
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i;

CF1,i (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ
(ɤȻɤ/ɦ3) ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɚ; ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1,2 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i; ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ

CF2,i (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/
ɞɨɡɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
(ɤȻɤ/ɦ3)
ɱɚɫɚ; ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1,2 ɦ3/ɱɚɫ
CF3,i (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ 1 ɦ ɧɚɞ

(ɤȻɤ/ɦ2) ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ; ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ

(ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i; ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɭɸ
CF4,i ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɬ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ
(ɤȻɤ/ɦ2) ɪɟɫɭɫɩɟɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɡɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɡɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ;

CF5,i ɦɁɜ/ɤȻɤ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 1 ɦ ɨɬ

CF6,i (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ) ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ; ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1
ɱɚɫɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ 1 ɤȻɤ
CF7,i ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ

(ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ)/(ɤȻɤ)
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 1 ɦ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ 1 ɤȻɤ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ;

CF8,i ɦɁɜ/(Ȼɤ/cɦ-2) ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i ɧɚ
ɤɨɠɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ
192
CF9,i (ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ)/ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ Ȗ-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ

(ɤȻɤ/ɦ3) ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ
. ɦɤȽɪ/ɱɚɫ
D ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɵ Ȗ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦȽɪ/ɱɚɫ
DI f ,i ɞɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ; ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ,

Ⱦ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
d1/2 Cɦ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ
DFm - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɜ
ET ɨɛɳɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ
ɦɁɜ
Ɂɜ
E ext ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɁɜ
Ɂɜ
Einh ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ
ɦɁɜ
Ɂɜ
Eing ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɦɁɜ
FRF - ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɦ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɛɢɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 1 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɨɬ

H& g* ɦɁɜ/ɱɚɫ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ
Hs Ɂɜ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ (ɨɬ ɛɟɬɚ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚ ɤɨɠɭ; ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ i

Hs ,i ɦɁɜ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞ i
Ɂɜ
Hthy ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ
ɦɁɜ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ

ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ SF, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ
OF -
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ; ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ; ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 0.6
Qi ɤȻɤ/ɫɟɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ i
SF - ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȕ-ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,

SFȕ -
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɫɟɤ
t ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɱɚɫ
T1/2 ɱɚɫɵ, ɞɧɢ, ɝɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ
193
Te ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
Tm ɱɚɫɵ, ɞɧɢ, ɝɨɞɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɧɭɤɥɢɞɚ: Tm = T1/ 2 ⋅ 144

.
Tr ɫɟɤ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɚ
u ɦ/ɫɟɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɬɪɚ
ɤɝ/ɞɟɧɶ
Uf ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ f, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ
ɥ/ɞɟɧɶ
ɝ
W ɦɚɫɫɚ
ɤɝ
ɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ; ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ; ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ

X
cɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ r, d ɢɥɢ y
ɫɟɤ
ǻt ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɱɚɫ
194
ɄɈɇɋɍɅɖɌȺɌɂȼɇɈȿ ɋɈȼȿɓȺɇɂȿ
ȼɟɧɚ, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ
14–18 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ, 1997
Kerns, K. Iowa State University, United States of America
Martinþiþ, R. J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
McKenna, T. International Atomic Energy Agency
Winkler, G. Atominstitut der Österreichischen Universitäten
ȼɟɧa, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ
25 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ – 5 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ, 1997
Buglova, E. Research Clinical Institute of Radiation Medicine and Endocrinology,

Belarus
Kerns, K. Iowa State University, United States of America
Nogueira de Oliveira Instituto de Radioproteçáo e Dosimetria, Brazil
Roberts, G. Oxford, United Kingdom
12 – 23 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ, 1998

Belarus
Lafortune, J SAIC Canada, Canada
McKenna, T. Washington, United States of America
17 – 21 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, 1998

Belarus
195
Ricks, B. Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, United States of
America
Sinklair, M. Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety, United States of America
8 – 12 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ, 1999

Belarus
Croft, J. National Radiological Protection Board, United Kingdom
Rozental, J. de Julio Ministry of Environment, Israel
8 ɦaɹ – 4 ɢɸɧɹ, 1999
196
04-14724

te - 1162r - web рус

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

te - 1162r - web рус

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IAEA-TECDOC-1162/R

МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Исправленное издание, март 2013 года

ОБЩИЕ ИНСТРУКЦИИ ОЦЕНКИ И РЕАГИРОВАНИЯ НА РАДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ

Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɆȺȽȺɌɗ) ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ

ɍɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ (ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ A: ɂɇɂɐɂȺɐɂə ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ȼ: ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼɈ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɕɆ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ ȼ: ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɇȺ ɆȿɋɌȿ ȺȼȺɊɂɂ

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ƚ: ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɈȿ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ Ⱦ: ɈɐȿɇɄȺ ȾɈɁɕ

ɍɑȺɋɌɇɂɄɂ ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɂ ɊȿȾȺɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌȺ.................... 195

ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɚɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:

(ɚ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ Ɉ1 ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,

ɐȿɅɂ ȺȼȺɊɂɃɇɈȽɈ ɊȿȺȽɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ (ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ)

ɉɨɥɢɰɢɹ Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ

Ɋɂɋ. O1. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɋɂɋ. O0. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ

Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ

Ⱥɜɚɪɢɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɦɢ

ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

ɄɈɇɌȺɄɌɕ ɋɈ ɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺɆɂ ɆȺɋɋɈȼɈɃ ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ

i. ɇɟ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɢ ɤ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ.

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ ɈȻɁɈɊ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȺ ɋɬɪ.1 ɢɡ 11

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ

ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ: ɋɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:

Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ0. Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ

Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

Ȼɪɚɯɢɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨ- Ɍɟɥɟɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ

Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬ. ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 4 ɢɡ 11

1ɤȻɤ 1ɆȻɤ 1ȽȻɤ 1TȻɤ 1ɉȻɤ

Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ

1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɹ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ 1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 5 ɢɡ 11

Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ2. ɍɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ

Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ 1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 6 ɢɡ 11

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.

1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 7 ɢɡ 11

Ɋɂɋ. Ȼ4. Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ȼɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ 1. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ.

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 8 ɢɡ 11

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.

1. ɇɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ-ɪɚɞɢɨɥɨɝɚ.

1. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɟ 100 ɦ ɢ ɧɚ 200 ɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɬɪɚ.

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 9 ɢɡ 11

Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ

1. ɗɜɚɤɭɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ.

1. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ (ɧɟɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ) ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ.10 ɢɡ 11

Ɍɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ Ȼ0, ɋɬɪ. 11 ɢɡ 11

ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, – ɫɩɚɫɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ;

ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ,