Formula Sheet

Ohm’s Law
𝑉 = 𝐼. 𝑅

Two Resistors in Series

𝑅𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏

Two Resistors in Parallel

𝑅𝑎 × 𝑅𝑏
𝑅𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 =
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏

Wheatstone Bridge Balancing Equations

𝑅1 𝑅3
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 0 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 =
𝑅2 𝑅4
𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐵
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒

𝑅𝑥
Voltage divider rule to calculate 𝑉𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝐵 𝑖𝑠, 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = × 𝑉𝑠
𝑅𝑥 +𝑅𝑦

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 and Vout is the voltage across 𝑅𝑥 from
the node between 𝑅𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑦
Gauge Factor of a Strain Gauge
∆𝑅
( ) ∆𝐿
𝐺𝐹 = 𝑅 ⁄ ∆𝐿 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 is the designated strain, 𝜀 , expressed
𝐿
(𝐿)
in parts/million

Trigonometric Function (For sampling and Aliasing)

𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋 + 𝜃) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋 − 𝜃) = −𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋 + 𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋 − 𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃

Operational Amplifier for DAC ( Summing amplifier)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑓 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + ⋯ … … … + 𝐼𝑛
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑓 × 𝑅𝑓
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒