A 𝑨𝑩

𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽= A
𝑨 A
h
𝜽
𝜽 𝜽
AB B
B
𝒉
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽=
𝑨
𝑨× 𝑩≠ 𝑩× 𝑨
AxB
𝑨× 𝑩=− ( 𝑩 × 𝑨 )
|𝑨× 𝑩|=|𝑨||𝑩| 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
 𝒊 𝒊 × 𝒋=𝒌 𝒋 × 𝒊=− 𝒌
+¿ +¿
− −
𝒋 × 𝒌=𝒊 𝒌 × 𝒋=−𝒊
𝒌 −
𝒋
+¿ 𝒌 × 𝒊= 𝒋 𝒊 × 𝒌=− 𝒋
 𝑸𝟐

𝟏𝒎
𝑸
𝑸𝟑 𝑸𝟏

𝑸𝟒
𝑭 =𝒌
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 ×𝒓 𝑸𝟏𝑸𝟐
𝑾 =𝒌
𝒓
𝟐
𝒓 𝑾 = 𝑭𝒅
𝑽 =𝑬𝒅
÷𝑸 ÷𝑸
𝑬=𝑭 /𝑸
𝑸 𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒆 ×𝒓 𝑸 𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒆
𝑬 =𝒌
𝒓
𝟐 𝑽 =𝒌
𝒓
𝑽 =𝑾 /𝑸
 DIVERGENCE THEOREM STOKE’S THEOREM

∫ 𝛁 ∙ 𝑫 𝒅𝑽 =∫ 𝝆 𝑽 𝒅𝑽 ∫ 𝛁 × 𝑯 𝒅𝑨=∫ 𝑱 𝒅𝑨
𝑽 𝑽 𝑨 𝑨

Volume Charge Electric Current

Gauss’ Law Gauss’ Law
Density: Density:

𝑸=∮ 𝑫∙𝒅𝑨 𝝆𝑽 =
𝑸
𝑽 𝑰=∮ 𝑯∙𝒅ℓ 𝑱=
𝑰
𝑨
𝑸=𝑫𝑨 𝑸=𝝆 𝑽 𝑽 𝑰= 𝑯 ℓ 𝑰= 𝑱𝑨

( 𝛁 ∙ 𝑫 ) 𝑽 =𝝆𝑽 𝑽 ( 𝛁 × 𝑯 ) 𝑨= 𝑱𝑨
( 𝛁 ∙ 𝑫 )= 𝝆𝑽 ( 𝛁 × 𝑯 )= 𝑱
First Maxwell’s Equation Third Maxwell’s Equation
( 𝛁 ∙ 𝑫 )= 𝝆 𝑽 Gauss’ Law
∮ 𝑫∙𝒅𝑺=∫ 𝝆𝑽 𝒅𝑽
( 𝛁 × 𝑬 )=𝟎 Conservative nature
of electrostatic field ∮ 𝑬∙𝒅ℓ=𝟎
( 𝛁 × 𝑯 )= 𝑱 Ampere’s Law
∮ 𝑯∙𝒅ℓ=∫ 𝑱∙𝒅𝑺
( 𝛁 ∙ 𝑩 ) =𝟎 Gauss’s Law in
Magnetism ∮ 𝑩∙𝒅𝑺=𝟎
( 𝛁 ∙ 𝑫 )= 𝝆 𝑽 Gauss’ Law

( 𝛁 × 𝑬 )=− 𝒋 𝝎𝝁 𝑯 Faraday’s Law

( 𝛁 × 𝑯 )= 𝑱 + 𝒋 𝝎𝜺 𝑬 Ampere’s Circuital Law

( 𝛁 ∙ 𝑩 ) =𝟎 Gauss’s Law for Magnetism

 +
+
+
𝒓′ + 𝑹=𝒓 −𝒓 ′ 𝝆𝒔
+
+
𝝆𝑳 𝒅 𝑬𝝆 𝒂𝑵
+
𝒓 𝑷
+
+
+
+
+
+