UKRAINE

v/s
RUSSIA
Ukraine and its history
● Located in Eastern Europe, Ukraine is the second largest country in the region after
Russia.
● Kyiv, located on the Dnieper River in north-central Ukraine, is the country's capital.
● Ukraine borders Belarus to the north, Russia to the east, the Sea of Azov and the
Black Sea to the south, Moldova and Romania to the south-west, and Hungary,
Slovakia, and Poland to the west.
● Russian was the common language of the people during the rule of imperial
Russia, but today, Ukrainian is the language of the majority in Ukraine.
● Ukraine gained full independence in 1991 after the U.S.S.R. disbanded.
Causes of the War

● During the presidential campaign, Vladimir Putin accused NATO of threatening the
national security of Russia, something NATO denies.
● Ukraine has been permanently barred from joining NATO by Russia after it
demanded NATO to stop expanding.
● Russia was repeatedly accused by several nations of planning an attack on
Ukraine, which Russian officials denied as late as 23 February 2022.
● At the start of the invasion, Russian attacks were launched on a northern front
from Belarus towards Kyiv.
How has the government changed in the last 10
years of Ukraine?
● As a union republic of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Ukraine was
governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which existed as a
highly centralized one-party state.
● As of 28 June 1996, a new, democratic constitution was adopted,
mandating a pluralistic political system with protection of basic human
rights and liberties, as well as a semi-presidential form of government.
● As a result of the 2004 presidential election crisis, the Constitution was
amended in December 2004.
● On May 20, 2019, Zelensky took office and dissolved parliament and
called for snap legislative elections. In response to Zelensky's order
confirmation, he was able to push for a peace agreement that would see
Ukrainian forces and Russian-backed insurgents withdraw from the
eastern Ukraine “contact line".
Why did the war take place?
● In the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, and due to Russia's
annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, relations between Russia and Ukraine
became hostile, and sanctions against Russia were imposed.
● Russo-Ukrainian tensions grew between the two countries in 2021 and
2022 due to the Russian military buildup along Ukraine's border.
● In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine severed diplomatic
ties with Moscow.
● In different parts of Ukraine, streets bearing the names of Russian
figures and monuments symbolizing Russia and Ukraine friendship have
been removed.
Consequences on Ukraine

● The Russian war in Ukraine has had a devastating impact on the country's
people, infrastructure and economy.
● According to the UN, almost 3,000 civilians have been killed or injured, 6.5
million are internally displaced and 4 million have been forced to flee to
neighbouring countries.
● The export of the sunflower oil will be much lower than expected in 2022.
● The Black Sea becoming dangerous for shipping, insurance is reportedly
hard to buy, and most captains will not enter. This is all due to the war.
Consequences on Russia

● All of Russia’s income gains since 1989 will be wiped as if the war goes on
into next year
● The severity of sanctions imposed over Russia's invasion of Ukraine
will cause its economy to contract by some 15% in 2022.
● Sanctions may prevent Russia from producing modern weapons.
● The EU has imposed a number of import and export restrictions on
Russia.
● Eu and the Us have also frozen all the bank account of Russia’s
businesses.
 Consequences on the world
● Mostly oil importers might experience the most negative impacts this
year, worth $29 billion, followed by South Asia
● Prices for maize, soybeans and wheat on the world markets have increased
75% to 89% over where they were in september
● Prices for potash and oil have risen by half since September
● Shortage of transport commodities through the Western border.
● The wheat prices soared by 25% will impact the availability of food for
people around the world.
Current Situation
● Located on the outskirts of the eastern city of Severodonetsk, Russian
forces retreated.
● A limited counterattack was conducted by Ukrainian forces north of
Kharkiv.
● In the capital Kyiv, Russian forces fired cruise missiles.
● The Russian military holds positions near the southern city of
Kherson.

# All these advancements took place on june 5 2022

What is the world doing to help Ukraine
● Ukraine has received military aid from Europe, the U.S., Australia, and
Japan.
● Ukraine received humanitarian assistance from the Canadian
government.
● Over 5,000 Nlaw missiles and other weapons were delivered by the UK.
● Ukraine had received 7,725 kg of humanitarian aid from India.
UN role in the war
● The goal of UN is to find a "peaceful solution" to the crisis while
avoiding using terms such as "war", "invasion", or "conflict".
● Several appeals have already been launched for US$1.7 billion by the
UN to assist displaced civilians and provide relief supplies, including
medicine, food, and water, to Ukraine and refugee countries.
● UN General Assembly votes to suspend Russia from the Human Rights
Council.
● In this war, UN is preventing conflict, helping parties in conflict to
reach peace, deploying peacekeepers, and establishing conditions that
allow peace to last.
Current Situation and possible solutions to the
war
● On June 20 Ukraine claims killing 33,800 Russian soldiers since the
start of war
● On June 21 Russian missiles had struck an airfield near the Ukrainian
port city of Odessa, Reuters reported quoting Russian news agencies.
● Ukraine’s officials should accept the offer of neutrality as claimed by
Russia’s chief negotiator Vladimir Medinsky.
● There could be a peace talk between the presidents.