THE VIDEO IS TITILED EPISODE 1: BETWEEN THE EARTH AND THE SKY: EARLY PHILIPPINE SHELTERS AND

VERNACULAR HERITAGE IT HAS 39:49 DURATION AND HERE’S THE TIMESTAMPS: 1:53 - TABON CAVE
(PALAWAN) 2:40 - PETROGLYPHS (ANGONO, RIZAL), 3:08 - IJANG (PRONOUNCED AS “IDYANG”)
(BATANES), 4:11 - LEAN-TO SHELTER, 4:50 - TREE HOUSE, 5:35 - RICE TERRACES, 8:45 - BAHAY KUBO
17:53 – SINADUMPARAN, 20:55 – BINURON, 22:09 – KALINGA, 22:45 - FALE (IFUGAO HOUSE), 25:24 –
MOSQUE, 28:44 - SAMAL HOUSE, 30:25 - BAY SINUG (TAUSUG HOUSE), 31:47 - LUMAH (YAKAN HOUSE),
32:35 - HOUSE BOAT (SAMA DE LAUT), 33:57 - TOROGAN (MARANAO HOUSE), 35:57 GUNU BONG
(T’BOLI HOUSE) AND THE NARRATOR EXPLAINED IT CLEARLY AND THE VIDEO WAS ALL ABOUT
VERNCULAR ARCHITECURE, IT EXPLAINED THE EVOLUTION OF HOUSES INDIFFERENT PLACES HERE IN
THE PHILLIPINES, BEFORE THE SHELTERS EVOLVED THE FISRT SHELTER THEY USE IS THE CAVE, THE FIRST
CAVE DWELLERS IN THE PHILIPPINES ARE DESCENDANTS OF THE PLEISTOCENE ICE AGE,
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT SOME OF THE EARLIEST HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES WERE IN CAVES. FOR EXAMPLE, THE TABON CAVE COMPLEX IN PALAWAN DATES BACK
50,000 YEARS AND CONTAINS ARTIFACTS AND HUMAN REMAINS THAT SHED LIGHT ON THE LIVES OF
EARLY FILIPINOS. THESE CAVES PROTECTED THE FIRST HUMANS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, PREDATORS
AND OTHER DANGERS, AND ACCORDING TO THE VIDEO OUR ANCESTORS INITIATED THE FIRST
ARCHITECTURAL REVOULTION WITH INVENTION OF STONE TOOLS FOR CUTTING FABULOUS MATERIALS
PLAT STEMS AND WOODS, A FIBRO CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY, THIS TECHNOLOGY HELPED DEVELOP
THE TEMPORARY TENT LIKE SHELTERS MADE OF WOODEN SKELETON, AND ONE OF THE EARLY
DWLELLING OF ITA IS CALLED LEAN TO WINDBREAK OR THE WIND SCREEN, WHICH IS SRUCTURALLY
ANCHORED BY A POLE OR STICK AT AN ANGLE ON THE GROUND, ANOTHER ARCHITECTURAL
INSTITUTION FASHOINED NY NATURE IS THE TREE HOUSE, TREE HOUSES USUALLY FOUND IN AREAS
VOILENT INTERTRIBAL CONFLICT NOCTURNAL RAIDS ARE FREQUENT, THESE HOUSES ARE LOCATED IN
THE FORKED BRANCHES OF TREES 20, 40 AND EVEN 60 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND TO PROTECT THE
INHABITANTS FROM ANIMAL AND HUMAN ENEMIES, THE RICE TERRACES OF THE CORDILLERA ARE
MASTERPIECES OF PREHISTORIC TECHNOLOGY THE MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES WERE MODIFIED BY THE
HAND OF MAN TO ACCOMMODATE POND FARMINGTHE ORIGINAL LANDSCAPE WAS COVERED BY
FORESTS. THE AMOUNT OF STONE USED BY IFOGAO TO BUILD THE STONE SYSTEM OF WALLS, DITCHES,
DAMS AND RESERVOIRS IS SAID TO BE GREATER THAN THE AMOUNT USED TO BUILD THE PYRAMIDS,
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, THE NETWORK OF PLATEAUS IS LOCATED IN THE MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS
OF THE CORDILLERA, INCLUDING THE REGIONS OF IFUGAO AND ABRA. THE HEIGHT OF THE WALLS CAN
REACH UP TO 6 METERS, SOMETIMES UP TO 16 METERS IN MANY SHAPES AND COLORS. THE ENTIRE
TECTONICS OF THE IFUGAO PLATEAU HAS THREE MAIN COMPONENTS\INCLUDING THE FAULT ZONE\OF
THE EMBANKMENT AND THE SOIL BODY, THE FEATURES OF THE AUSTRONATION DWELLING ARE BEST
SEEN IN THE KUBO HOUSE. THE WORD IS OFTEN TRANSLATED TO A CUBICAL HOUSE AND MEANS THAT
THE WALLS ARE AS HIGH AS THEY ARE WIDE. THE PILLARS OF THE HOUSE THAT MARK THE INTERIOR
SPACE ARE SQUARE AND 3 TO 4 METERS, THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED USING TIMBER FRAME
STRUCTURES BUILT ON A POST AND POST FRAME SUPPORTING A GABLE ROOF. THE STRUCTURE OF THE
BUILDING IS A HABITABLE PLATFORM RAISED ON A SOLID COLUMN BASE WITH A WIDE ROOF AND
GOOD VENTILATION THAT PROVIDES A SIMPLE SOLUTION. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS DUE TO THE
HUMIDITY OF THE WARM CLIMATE DUE TO THE SEASONAL RAINS, THERE ARE MANY ADVANTAGES OF
POLE FOUNDATIONS IN TROPICAL CLIMATES. THE PILES ARE VERY GOOD FOR WARMING THE FLOOR IN
WARM WEATHER WHEN THE LIVING FLOOR IS RAISED ABOVE THE MUD AND FLOODING THAT OCCURS
DURING THE RAINY SEASON.FOR PETS, YOU CAN ALSO PROVIDE A PLACE TO WORK DURING THE
DAYACTIVITIES SUCH AS WEAVING AND BASKETRY, IN MANY PLACES, THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE HOUSE
ARE NOT EMBEDDED DIRECTLY IN THE GROUND BUT REST ON THE FOUNDATION STONES. THIS
ENSURES THAT IF YOU WANT TO MOVE YOUR HOUSE, THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE CAN BE MOVED WHILE
THE HOUSE IS ABLE TO EASILY WITHSTAND EARTHQUAKES IN PRONE AREAS. IT IS PICKED UP AND
TRANSPORTED TO A NEW LOCATION. UNTIL RECENTLY, THESE HOUSES WERE MADE ONLY OF
MATERIALS OF PLANT ORIGIN, WOOD, CANE BAMBOO AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS, WITHOUT NAILS, THE
WALLS OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE ARE MADE OF A TRANSLUCENT BARRIER THAT PROTECTS THE
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS AND PRESERVES THE PRIVACY OF THE OCCUPANTS. THE WALLS ARE MADE OF
PALM LEAVES, FOLDED ALONG THE TOP AND SEWN TOGETHER WITH STRIPS OF RATTAN. WALLED KUBO
HOUSES CAN BE BUILT WITH WOODEN PLANKS AND PANELS MADE OF NIPA OR SAWALI, DEPENDING
ON THE USE AND STYLE OF THE HOUSE. SAWARI SPLITS THE BAMBOO, FLATTENS IT, CUTS IT INTO
STRIPS, AND THEN JOINS IT TOGETHER IN A HERRINGBONE DESIGN TO CREATE THE SHAPE OF THE
HOUSE. A TYPICAL WINDOW AWNING IS A CLIP OR PALM COVERING THAT CAN BE SLID FROM SIDE TO
SIDE OR PUSHED UP ON A POLE. THERE IS USUALLY NO CEILING OR SPACE SEPARATION, SAWALI WALLS
CAN DIVIDE INTERIOR SPACES INTO ROOMS AND OPEN INTERIOR DOORS. THE UPPER FLOOR IS
LOCATED IN THE MOST IMPORTANT AREAS, CREATING A SINGLE MULTIFUNCTIONAL AREA THAT CAN BE
CHANGED FOR USE THROUGHOUT THE DAY ACCORDING TO THE DAILY LIFE OF THE HOUSE, OR ZONE 2-
3. IT INCLUDES LIVING AND SLEEPING AREAS, A KITCHEN OR STORAGE ROOM, AND AN OPEN GALLERY
AT THE FRONT OR BACK OF THE HOUSE, CALLED A BALCONY OR BATALAN, THE STUDY, WHEN LOCATED
AT THE BACK, IS USED AS A GUEST ROOM OR AS A LIVING AREA, AND FOR FAMILY MEMBERS, IT IS USED
TO STORE WATER BOTTLES OR AS A BATHROOM AREA, ADDING TO THE SOCIAL LADDER. TO THE BASIC
FORM INCREASES THE FAMILY. ONE OF THE HOUSES AT THE BACK OF THE HOUSE NEAR BATALAN HAS A
SEPARATE ROOF AND WINDOWED KITCHEN WITH SEPARATE SHELVES CALLED BANGHERA FOR DRYING
DISHES AND COOKING UTENSILS, A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF INDIGENOUS AUSTRONESIAN
ARCHITECTURE IS THE OVERHANGING ROOF AND OUTWARD SLOPING SOFFITS THAT CREATE AN
INVITING LIVING ENVIRONMENT. HOWEVER, MAORI BUILDINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES LACK THE
GRACEFUL CURVES THAT CHARACTERIZE THE ROOFS OF MINANGKABAU ARCHITECTURE IN SUMATRA.
ROOFTOPS ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO LIFESTYLE IN MOST OF SOUTHEAST ASIA. ROOFS ARE THE MAIN
STRUCTURAL FEATURE OF MOST HOUSES. IN SOME CASES, MOST HOUSES HAVE ROOFS, SUCH AS
IFUGAO ROOFS AND ANCIENT BAHA'I KUBO HOUSES, THE HOUSES OF THE NATIVES WERE SHEDS. A
COMMON NAME FOR ROOF COVERINGS MADE OF DEAD PLANT MATERIAL OTHER THAN GRASS, PALM
FRONDS ARE THE MOST COMMONLY USED MATERIAL DESPITE FIRE. WATER RUNS OVER THE ENTIRE
SURFACE. CROSS BRACES, WHICH HOLD THE RAFTERS TO THE RIDGE, ARE A COMMON FEATURE OF
SOUTHEAST ASIAN ROOFS. THE DECORATED ROOF IS THE TAUSOG SULAN ROOF, BUT IT IS MADE OF
INTERLOCKING POLES THAT SIT ON TOP OF THE ROOF. THE TWO ENDS OF THE BUILDING ARE
DECORATED WITH TITLE PASONGS IN THE FORM OF HORNS OR STONES IN THE FORM OF MANUK
MANUK OR SANSKRIT NAGA MEANING A SNAKE WITH A BIRD, NAGA OR DRAGON, AND SCULPTURES OF
UKIL LIKE FERNS USED IN MANY PHILIPPINES AND AUSTRONESIAN, REPRESENTS THE PLANETARY
MODEL. THE WORLD OF WATER IN ANCIENT ISLAM AND EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC, THE MOST
FAMOUS OF THE MARANAO STRUCTURES IS THE TOROGAN. IT IS THE LUXURIOUS ANCESTRAL HOME OF
THE DATUS AND THEIR EXTENDED FAMILY. IT'S A GREAT PLACE TO SLEEP. THE TOROGAN IS TWO
METERS HIGH ABOVE THE GROUND ON MORE THAN 25 POLES, SOME OF WHICH ARE UNSTABLE.
FLOORS ON THE SURFACE USE LARGE TREE TRUNKS AS FOUNDATIONS BECAUSE THE GROUND IS
VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES. THE WOODEN POSTS ARE NOT BURIED IN THE GROUND, BUT ARE
PLACED ON ROUND ROCKS THAT ACT AS ROLLERS TO PREVENT THE STRUCTURE FROM SHAKING DUE TO
GROUND MOVEMENT. THERE IS A DIRECT CONNECTION BETWEEN THE POST AND THE GROUND SO
THAT THE WOOD DOES NOT ROT AND IS NOT ATTACKED BY TERMITES. THE SURFACE COLUMNS ARE
CARVED AND DECORATED WITH VARIOUS OKIRS, SOMETIMES OUTLINED LIKE CHESS PIECES. A
DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF THE TOROGAN'S EXTERIOR ARE THE DECORATIVE PANELS ON THE SIDES OF
THE WINGS. -THE CARS OF THE NAGAS, REMINISCENT OF THE TRIANGULAR BEAMS OF THE HOUSE
DECORATED WITH PACO LABON OR THE DESIGN OF FERNS, THE SHAPES OF THE ROYAL BOATS,
ENGRAVED IN THE STYLE OF THE UPHOLSTERY, PAINTED IN VIVID COLORS. THE SIDE DECORATION IS
THE SAME AS THE SIDE AND WINDOW FRAMES, AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IS A BROAD
CATEGORY THAT REFERS TO THE TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, AND MOST
VERNACULAR STRUCTURES ARE PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY STRUCTURES BUILT BY COMMUNITY
OWNERS OR LOCAL ARTISTS. IT CANNOT BE DENIED THAT THE BARNS, FORTS, CHURCHES, TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES AND MODERN BUILDINGS AND TOWNHOUSES OF TODAY BELONG TO AN INDIGENOUS
LINEAGE. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES ARE PRACTICED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY AND
REMAIN AN ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE ACCESSIBLE TO MOST FILIPINOS.

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES REFERS TO THE BASIC ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND
TECHNIQUES USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES AND BUILDINGS. THESE ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGNS ARE INFLUENCED BY THE CLIMATE, CULTURE AND RESOURCES OF THE REGION. BAHAY KUBO,
A TRADITIONAL FILIPINO HOUSE BUILT WITH LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS SUCH AS BAMBOO AND COGON
GRASS, IS A GREAT EXAMPLE OF PHILIPPINE REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE, IT MAKES IT VERY FILIPINO
BECAUSE OF THE RESOURCESFULNESS, THE USES LOCAL MATERIALS SUCH AS BAMBOO, WOOD, PALM
LEAVES AND GRASS. THIS SHOWS THE ABILITY OF FILIPINOS TO MAKE THE MOST OF THEIR RESOURCES
AND ENVIRONMENT. THESE NATURAL PROPERTIES ALSO MAKE THE STRUCTURE SUITABLE FOR THE
TROPICAL CLIMATE OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND BECAUSE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND INGENUITY OF
FILIPINO, EACH REGION HAS ITS OWN ARCHITECTURAL STYLE THAT ADDRESSES SPECIFIC
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND REFLECTS COMMUNITY AWARENESS. THESE CHANGES REFLECT
THE RICHNESS OF THE CULTURAL TRADITIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES, IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT USING LOCAL
INGREDIENTS. IT IS ABOUT USING CREATIVITY TO CREATE FUNCTIONAL AND BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS
THAT ARE IN HARMONY WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE OF THE PHILIPPINES.