HISTORY

NOVEMBER 2020
OF PHILIPPINES'
ARCHITECTURE

FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE
INDIGENOUS
DEVELOPMENT
OF PHILIPPINE
11 ARCHICTECTURE
INDIGENOUS
FAMOUS FILIPINO HOUSES
ARCHITECTS
OF THE ERA

BOBBY ARTS IN THE

MAÑOSA
PHILIPPINES
YOU SHOULD
CHECK OUT

PREPARED BY:
JOSEPH M. SALOSAGCOL
 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE INDIGENOUS DEVELOPMENT OF

PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

NECESSITY > CLIMATE >

OUR TROPICAL AND

ANCESTORS MARITIME
          t is characterized by relatively
I
high temperature, high humidity and abundant
rainfall. It is similar in many respects to the climate of
the countries of Central America. Temperature,
humidity, and rainfall, which are discussed hereunder,
are the most important elements of the country's
weather and climate

hey developed farming,

T
cultivation of animals, and the
earliest forms of human settlement.
The development of farming and
crops helped paved the way to the
NATURAL THREATS >
construction of permanent living
spaces. Farming made permanent
settlement possible and therefore
OCCUR IN A PERIOD OF TIME
made a demand for a more
The only thing humans can do is to
permanent form of architecture. T
protect their living quarters from these threats by building their houses above
ground. Thus, giving birth to the famous Cube house or Bahay.
 RELIGION > CULTURE AND TRADITION >

ISLAM AND PAGANISM UNIQUE

slam and Paganism is the ilipino culture is unique compared
I
main religion in the F to other Asian countries, and
Philippines before the beliefs apply every day in the life
Spaniards. of the Filipinos and reveal how
rich and blessed the culture the
people have.
BAHAY
KUBO
A HOME OF THE

FILIPINOS

INDIGENOUS FILIPINO
HOUSES

BONTOC (FAYU)

TAGBANUA

BADJAO

SAMAL

T' BOLI

YAKAN
INDIGENOUS FILIPINO HOUSES

BONTOC (FAYU)

The ground floor is enclosed at the front and sides

by horizontal wooden boards up to waist height, lashed to the outer

posts, and at the rear by a stone wall of the same height, leaving a

continuous opening from waist to head level, an opening well

protected by eaves storage location.

INDIGENOUS FILIPINO HOUSES

TAGBANUA

Each level corresponds to certain function

such as entrance,

cooking or hearth, dining, sleeping and

various levels for storage.

The highest level usually contains storage

space for pillows

and blankets.
INDIGENOUS FILIPINO HOUSES

BADJAO
Houses for the Badjao are built almost

entirely out of

driftwood and debris from coastal cities

around Southeast Asia. When a storm

hits a home or community, neighboring

Badjao will spare as much material of

their own as possible, to help fortify

damaged homes.
INDIGENOUS FILIPINO HOUSES

SAMAL

Stilts are usually made of bamboo poles while

walls are made of wooden boards or sawali.

Roof hatching is held securely by placing

flattened bamboo spaced far apart over it.

Consisting of one or more small rooms and a

kitchen are built partially above the ground

and water on wooden posts.

 INDIGENOUS FILIPINO HOUSES

T' BOLI

Location: Hilltops and mountaintops in the

Lake Sebu area in

Cotabato.

House is built on 6-O” high stilts, built

with various

levels with an approximate area of 900 to

1,350 sq. ft.

WALK THE EARTH PAGE 25

YAKAN
Location:

Mountainous interior of Basilan

In the Living room, one will find a cloth-

weaving Loom located near the door which

leads to the porch outside

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINES' ARCHITECTURE
| ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

ARTS
IN
THE
PH
NOVEMBER 2020
SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
AND SPANISH ERA CHURCHES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
ARCHI
TECTURA
MESTIZA
BAHAY NA BATO

WHAT?

A term used to describe the mix of

Filipino and Spanish Architecture Very
evident during the 18th century. Used
mainly to describe Spanish built houses
or “Bahay na Bato”

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE TO

THE USUAL "BAHAY NA BATO"
?
It is an updated version of the
traditional bahay kubo Its design has
evolved throughout the ages, but still
maintains the bahay kubo's
architectural basis which corresponds
to the tropical climate, stormy season,
and earthquake-prone environment of
the whole archipelago of the
Philippines
and fuses it with the influence of
Spanish colonizers and Chinese traders

TALK OF TOWN MAGAZINE -   10   - SEPTEMBER 2020

 AMERICAN COLONIALISM
TALK, WEAR, TALK
IN THE PHILIPPINES
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 -   FEATURED ARTICLE   -

The Burnham Plan

City Beautiful Movement

The City Beautiful The

Movement was a reform 1905 Burnham Plan of Manila
philosophy of North American recommended improving the
architecture and urban city's transit systems by
planning that flourished during creating diagonal arteries
the 1890s and 1900s with the radiating from the new central
intent of civic district into
introducing beautification and areas at the outskirts of the city.
monumental grandeur in cities.

Really? Like what?

The
Burnham Plan included the
development of a road system, the
use of waterways
for transportation, and the
beautification of Manila with
waterfront
improvements and construction of
parks, parkways and buildings.
art deco in
Art Deco  was most popular from the 1920s to

the 1930s (though in the Philippines, its

popularity extended to the early 1950s), and

the
used simple, stylized forms, linear motifs, zig-

zags, lightning bolts, and geometrical

patterns—it was meant to represent the era's

machine age, and an increasingly liberal

philippines outlook in life.

https://www.realliving.com.ph/home-

improvement/building-renovating/design-

101-what-is-art-deco-a00043-

20160929#:~:text=Art%20Deco%20was%20m

ost%20popular,increasingly%20liberal%20out

look%20in%20life.
famous architects
of the era
 A pioneer of modern Philippine

architecture, he was

recognized in some quarters as

the foremost Filipino modernist

architect of his time. The rank

and title of National Artist of

the Philippines was conferred

on him by President Ferdinand

Marcos in 1976.

Pablo S.
Antonio
COMPLETED: 1930’S

STATUS: STANDING AND IN USE.

The FEU campus is considered as the largest ensemble of

surviving Art Deco architecture in Manila, and in 2005, it

received an Honorable Mention citation from the UNESCO

for the body's 2005 Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for

Culture Heritage Conservation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Antonio
Luis Maria
Zaragoza took up BS Architecture at the

University of Santo Tomas where

he graduated in 1936. He placed 7th in the

Z. Araneta
licensure exams in the 1938.

During the earlier years of his career,

Zaragoza had meetings with American

architect Frank Lloyd Wright culminating with

a visit to Wright' latelier in Arizona in the

United States in 1956. However, unlike his

contemporaries, Zaragoza looked into

European architecture for inspiration

instead of drawing from American

architecture.
Juan Arellano

COMPLETED: 1930’S

STATUS: IN RENOVATION

Best known for Manila's Metropolitan Theater (1935), Legislative Building (1926; now houses the

National Museum of Fine Arts), the Manila

Central Post Office Building (1926), the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex (1934), the Central Student

Church (today known as the Central United Methodist Church, (1932), the old Jaro Municipal Hall

(1934) and the old Iloilo City Hall (1935) in Iloilo, the Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol (1936)
Post
War Architecture in the
Philippines (1945-1960s)

01 Manila City Hall

02 University of the
Philippines
03 Philippines Post
Office
FEDERICO
ILUSTRE
Famous Architect of the Post War Period
Quoted references can
also be helpful.
FEDERICO ILUSTRE, CONSULTING THE CENTERPIECE IS THE 65 References to people
ARCHITECT FROM THE 1950’s TO METER HIGH ART DECO QUEZON can also be made
1970’s, MEMORIAL
WORKED ON THE BUILDING AT THE MONUMENT, COMPOSED OF 3
through the written
ELLIPTICAL ROAD IN Q.C. PYLONS TOPPED BY WINGED accounts of interviews
HE STARTED HIS CAREER AS A FIGURES REPRESENTING THE 3
DRAFTSMAN FOR JUAN NAKPIL ISLAND GROUPS
and debates
HE GRADUATED FROM MAPUA confirming the
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
HE PASSED HIS LICENSURE factuality of the
EXAMINATIONS IN 1937 writer’s information
and the reliability of
his source. 
 Marcosian
Architecture (1965-1986)

architecture of
the new society

Ferdinand Marcos was the 10 th Philippine
President and he held on to the position for
more than 20 years (Dec. 30, 1965 Feb. 25, 1986).
Although controversies and unsolved cases
marred his term, what will also be forever
engraved in Philippine history are his
contributions in the area of infrastructure
development.
In his inaugural speech of December 30, 1965 he
made a promise to make the nation great again
and in a way he did. Infrastructures were built
that were unprecedented in the history of our
country that provided a venue for the Filipinos to
highlight cultural heritage, propagate arts and
culture, generate tourism, improve health
conditions and contribute to economic growth.
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

BRUTALISM TROPICAL MODERNISM

In his inaugural speech of December 30, 1965 he The use of climate adaptive elements in building
made a promise to make the nation great again design and construction.
and in a way he did. Infrastructures were built
that were unprecedented in the history of our
country that provided a venue for
the Filipinos to highlight cultural heritage,
propagate arts and culture,
generate tourism, improve health conditions and
contribute to economic growth.
under Marcos'
cultural center of
the philippines
The development of the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP) complex resulted from the Marcos
administration’s emphasis on nurturing Filipino culture
and “the Filipino soul.” Designed under the guidance of
Architect Leandro Locsin , the complex was built on land
reclaimed from Manila Bay.

national arts center

The National Arts Center is a building complex situated in
Mount Makiling Los Baños Laguna, the Philippines . The
establishment was inaugurated in 1976. The complex
occupies a total area of 13.5 hectares (33 acres) at the
Makiling Forest Reservation The National Arts Center was
established in 1976 by First Lady Imelda Marcos as a
sanctuary for young and aspiring Filipino artists. Its
various buildings and facilities are scattered over 13.5
hectares. The establishment was inaugurated in 1976.

nayong pilipino
Nayong Pilipino was built from scratch in 1969 through
the patronage of former First Lady Imelda Marcos. It is on
its fourth product cycle in almost 50 years. A 32 acre
theme park which is about 10 minute drive from
the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) that
features scaled down replicas of the country’s top tourist
destinations such as Mayon Volcano, the Banaue Rice
Terraces and the Chocolate Hills.
The architecture of the Philippines reflects its history and tradition. Churches and
mosques, as well as buildings in the metropolitan and rural areas have risen in
response to the growing demands of the Filipinos.
MODERN
FILIPINO
ARCHITECTURE
Long before green buildings became vogue, the architect Francisco
Mañosa took inspiration from the country's indigenous landforms
and geography in designing the headquarters of the San Miguel
Corporation. Constructed in 1979, the structure is a reflection of its
time.
CCP is a modern international style. as you can see in the picture, the
facade of the National Theater is dominated by a two-storey travertine
block and deep concave cantilevers on three sides.It is clad by concrete
textured by crushed seashells.
 okoY ahsuykneK : htnoM eht fo tsitrA !sevisulcxe muG | eussi 5102 rebmetpeS
BOBBY
MAÑOSA

ARCHITECTURE
MUST BE TRUE
TO ITSELF, IT'S
LAND AND IT'S
PEOPLE
a Filipino architect considered as one of the most influential Filipino
architects of the 20th century for having pioneered the art of
Philippine neovernacular architecture.
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