śatṛ and śānac

śatṛ and śānac pratyaya are added to verbal roots to denote the continuous tense.
śatṛ pratyaya is added to parasmaipadī roots to form present participle.
‘At’remains of śatṛ and the words made by it decline in differently in all genders.
E.g.
Bhū - Bhavat (being)
ms md mp fs fd fp ns nd np
1 bhavan bhavantau bhavantaḥ bhavantī bhavantyau bhavantyaḥ bhavat bhavantī bhavanti
2 bhavantam bhavantau bhavataḥ bhavantīm bhavantyau bhavantīḥ bhavat bhavantī bhavanti
3 bhavatā bhavadbhyā bhavadbhiḥ bhavantyā bhavantībhyām bhavantībhiḥ bhavatā bhavadbhyām bhavadbhiḥ
m
4 bhavate bhavadbyaḥ bhavantyai bhavamtībhyaḥ bhavate bhavadbhyaḥ
5 bhavataḥ bhavantyāḥ bhavataḥ
6 bhavatoḥ bhavatām bhavantyoḥ bhavantīnām bhavatoḥ bhavatām
7 bhavati bhavatsu bhanvantyām bhavantīsu bhavati bhavatsu
8 He bhavan He bhavantau He He bhavanti He
bhavantaḥ bhavat

whereas śanac is added only to ātmanaipadī roots.

‘māna’ or ‘āna’ becomes of śanac E.g. sevamānaḥ(M), sevamānā (F), sevamānam or Kurvāṇaḥ(M), Kurvāṇā (F),
Kurvāṇam (N) and they decline live Deva, Latā and Phala.

Verbs with śatṛ and śānac terminations act like adjectives in the sense that they decline in agreement with the noun
they describe. Note the noun can be subject or object.
E.g. Bālikā calantī apatat - this is difference between verb calanti and adjective calantī is the hrasva and dīrgha i.

(F)
Aham pantantīm bālikām apaśyam. I saw the girl who was falling.
Aham agacchantyai bālikayai pustakam dadāmi. I give the book to the girl who is coming.(caturthi because of verbal
śatṛ and śānac

root dā)
(M)
Bālakaḥ calan apatat.
Aham patantam bālakam apaśyam.
Aham agacchate bālakāya pustakam dadāmi.
(N)
Vimānam udayat apatat.
Aham udayat vimanam apaśyam.
Aham udayate vimanāya bālakam dadāmi.

Verbal root yaj = yajamāna with śānac; yajamānaḥ(M), yajamānā(F), yajamānam(N);It is an adjective although that it
sounds like a noun. It is translated as He who is doing a yaj; which is not to be confused with the noun yajamān.
The sense of ‘while’, ‘whilst’ is inherent in this participle which serves to express an idea expressed in English by a
whole sentence.
English Sanskrit
1. While going to the market , Rāmesh sees Krishna. Āpanam gacchan Rameśaḥ Kṛṣṇam pasyati.
2. While going home, my friend sees Vimala. Mama gṛiham gacchat mitram vimalām paśyati. (Mitra is a neuter word)
3. While wondering here and there Sita drinks milk. Itastataḥ Bramantī Sitā dughdam pibati.
4. While returning from the village Vimala drinks water Gramat agacchantī Vimalā toyam pibati.
5. While going to school, Gita falls down on the road. Vidhyālayam gacchantī Gita marge patati.
6. Mother said to Vimala, who was playing, take this book. Jananī Kridantīm Vimalām avadat: “ idam ustakam svikaratu”.
7. Smiling, Dinesh gave the fruit to Suresh. Hasan Dineśaḥ phalam Sureshāya ayacchat. (ayacchat from verbal root da)
8. Smiling Dinesh gave the fruit to Soheśa who was reading. Hasan Dineshaḥ paṭhate Soheśāya phalam ayacchat. Paṭhat is in cathurti as it
is qualifying Soheśa which is also in cathurti
9. Sita saw a fruit falling from the tree. Sita patat phalam vṛkśat apaśyat.