Fishery Arts

Subtitle

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What is a Fish?
• Cold-blooded vertebrate living in
water, breathing by means of gills;
whose body may or may not be
covered with scales.
• In general, it includes all the fin
fishes and other aquatic animals
such as crustaceans,( crabs,
prawns, shrimps, lobsters) and
mollusk ( clams, mussels, oysters,
snails and shellfishes ).

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What is a Fish?
• Based on the fossils recovered five
million years ago, there was no
distinguishing feature of a fish.
• The primitive fish belongs to
ostracoderms, which has a mouth
just a small opening, and the
placoderms to which our present
day bony fish belong.

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What is a Fish?
• Fish is a business for it is a source of
income, food and livelihood if it
can be cultured for commercial
purposes and marketed properly.

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 External Parts of the Fish
Functions of each part

➢ Operculum/gill cover - part of the fish that covers the gills

➢ Scales - part of the fish that cover the body
➢ Lateral lines - lines along the body of the fish used to help
the fish adapt itself to its new environment
➢ Fins - part of the fish that used for swimming, balancing and
propelling in water
➢ Eyes - part of the fish that used for seeing
➢ Mouth - part of the fish that used for swallowing objects,
particularly food
➢ Anus - part of the fish that serves as an excretory organ of
the fish where the waste matter coming from the body of fish
passes out.
➢ Caudal Peduncle - part of the fish that connect the body
and the tail
➢ Nostril - part of the fish that used for smelling

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 Internal Parts of the Fish
Functions of each part

➢ Spine – the primary structural framework upon which the fish’

s body is built. It connects to the skull at the front of the fish
and the tail at the rear. The spine is made up of numerous
vertebrae, which are hollow and which protect the delicate
spinal cord.
➢ Spinal cord – the part that connects the brain to the rest of
the body and relays sensory information from the body to
the brain, as well as instruction from the brain to the rest of
the body .
➢ Brain – the control center of the fish where both automatic
functions and higher behaviours occur. All sensory
information is processed here.
➢ Lateral line – one of the fish’s primary sense organs. It detects
underwater vibration and is capable of determining the
direction of their source.
➢ Swim or air bladder – a hollow, gas-filled balance organ that
allows a fish to conserve energy by maintaining neutral
bouyancy in water.

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 Internal Parts of the Fish
Functions of each part

➢ Kidney – filters liquid waste materials from the blood. These

waste are then passed out the body
➢ Stomach and intestines – break down food and absorb
nutrients.
➢ Pyloric caeca – finger like projection located near the
functions of the stomach and the Intestine. It known to
secrete enzymes that aid digestion. It may also function to
absorb digested food or do both.
➢ Liver – it assists digestion by secreting enzymes that break
down fats, and also serves as storage area for fats and
carbohydrates.
➢ Heart – circulates blood throughout the body.
➢ Muscle – provide movement and locomotion . These are
parts of the fish that are usually eaten. They compose the
fillet of the fish.
➢ Gonad - hormone-secreting sexual gland of a fish.

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What is Fishery?
• Fishery is the business of catching,
handling, taking, marketing and
preserving of fish and other fishery
products.
Branches of Fishery
❑Fish Culture
❑Fish Capture
❑Fish Preservation

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Age of a Fish
❑ Like a tree, scales show rings that
indicate periods of growth.
❑ Rings that are farther apart occur when
the fish grows well and there is a lot of
food in the summer season.
❑ Rings that are close together occur when
the fish does not get much food and
grows slowly.
❑ On the scale you can identify the
summer growth and the winter growth.
(There will be several rings in each).
❑ The core represents the fish when it was
first born, as a fry.
❑ The rings near the edge are the most
recent periods of growth.

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 Types of Fish Scales
• Placoid - it resembles a miniature tooth
called denticles

• Ex. shark scales

• Cycloid - it is oval or circular in outline and

have a smooth and exposed rear edge

• Ctenoid - scales that have a rear edges

made of small brushlike spines or comb
liked teeth.

• Ex. Scales of perch, pongies and bass

• Ganoid - a four- sided plate that fits closely

against adjacent plates without
overlapping
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 Parts of Gills
• Gill filament - used for
exchange of gases such as
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Gill arch - used for support
and for passing blood to and
the gill filaments.
• Gill rakers - used for straining
food from the water

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Fish Culture
the human effort of raising
the maximum productivity of
fish and other fishery aquatic
products and maintaining
the supply of these products
to satisfy human needs.
Branches of Fishery
Fish Capture
branch of fishery science that
deals with the scientific method
of catching fish as well and the
type of fishing gear used.
Fish Preservation
branch of fishery science that
deals with the scientific method
of preserving fish and other
fishery aquatic products to
prevent spoilage.
Ichthyology - the science that
deals with the study of fishes
Ichthyologists - scientists or
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persons who study fishes
What is Fish Culture?
➢ As an aspect of aquaculture, is one of the answers to the
pressing needs of increasing food production.
➢ As a subsidiary of aquaculture it deals with the cultivation of
fishes in ponds and in other aquaculture facilities, such as
cages, fish pens, tanks, raceways and rice paddies.
➢ Since many freshwater and brackish water species are
cultured in ponds, it is the concern of this lesson to study fish
and its parts with corresponding functions.

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 Classification of Fish
Culture
❑ According to extent of financial
investment
❑ Intensive - utilizes limited area with
very high investment
❑ Extensive - utilizes wide area with
minimal capital and very low
production
❑ Semi-intensive - employ some or
the majority of the modern
techniques of production
❑ According to purpose
❑ for commerce or for business
❑ for recreation or for enjoyment
❑ for educational and cultural or
scientific pursuit
❑ for food production

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 Classification of Fish
Culture
❑According to design
❑ natural pond
❑ artificial pond
❑According to state of water
❑ still water
❑ running water
❑According to salinity
❑ freshwater
❑ brackish-water
❑ marine or saltwater

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 Classification of Fish
Culture
❑According to temperature
❑ Warm water or hot water
❑ Cold water

❑According to species raised

❑ Freshwater species
❑ Brackish-water species
❑ Marine or saltwater species

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 Phases or Aspects of
Fish Culture

❑Fish Cultivation - the rearing of fish

under controlled or semi-controlled
condition
❑Fish Propagation - the process of
increasing fish life either by natural
or artificial means of reproduction
❑Fish Conservation - the scientific
means of utilizing fish and other
fishery aquatic products/resources

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Common Enemies of
Fish
❑ Predators - fish and other
animals that prey on the
cultured species of fish
❑ Competitors - fish and other
animals that compete with
the cultured species in terms
of food, space and oxygen
❑ Nuisances - crustaceans and
other animals that do a lot of
damage to the food and in
the habitat of fish.

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Natural Food of Fish in
the Pond
❑ Plankton - small plants floating
in water
❑ Lab-lab – a twining
leguminous plant
❑ Algae – are a very large and
diverse group of simple,
typically autotrophic
organisms, ranging from
unicellular to multicellular form
s, such as the giant kelps that
grow to 65 meters in length.

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Characteristics of Fish
that are Suitable for
Pond Culture
1. Fish should be palatable
and good tasting
– the fish must have a
delicate flavour.
2. Fish must be a fast grower
– the fish must be able
to grow rapidly or can
give a possibility of four
or more harvests a year

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Characteristics of Fish
that are Suitable for
Pond Culture
3. Fish should be resistant to pests,
diseases and parasites
– the fish should not
succumb to abrupt changes
in temperature or salinity
and can tolerate such
conditions in all its existence.
4. Fish should be a universal feeder
– the culture fish require
food which can be grown
easily and abundantly under
favourable conditions.
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 Characteristics of Fish
that are Suitable for
Pond Culture
5. Fish should have high market
demand
– the fish must command a high
price to recover the expenses
incurred.
6. Fish should not be destructive in
confinement, either to its kind or to
other species or to its environment
– the fish should be prolific
which means that reproduce
very often to have a
continuous supply of fry or
stocks.
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Other Fish Culture
Facilities

Hapa
• It is an unframed net tied
to posts and principally
used for nursing fry and
holding of breeder.
• It looks like an inverted
mosquito net.

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Other Fish Culture
Facilities

Fish cage
• It is a framed net that is
either fixed or mobile. Set
in water and surrounded
with a bamboo raft and
provided with an anchor
at the bottom.
• It is used for the culture of
fish from fry to
marketable size.
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Other Fish Culture
Facilities

Fish pen
• it is an enclosure of net or
bamboo slats with sturdy
posts staked at the
bottom of water and
used for the culture of
fish from fry to
marketable size

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Other Fish Culture
Facilities

Tank
• It is a structure made of
brick tile or concrete
used for the purpose of
culturing fish from fry, to
marketable size.
• It can also be used as a
breeding tank, or as
conditioning tank for
breeders.
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Other Fish Culture
Facilities
Raceway
• an enclosure of concrete
soil or added materials
generally in the shape of
the canal through which
constant water flows.
• Fish are raised in the
raceway at high density
and their waste products
are carried out by the water
passing through the areas.
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Source:
• Gamba, E. (2015). Fishery Arts Learning Module. Retrieved July 23,
2020 from https://www.slideshare.net/elflor/fishery-arts-
7?from_action=save

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THANK YOU

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