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Assessment 1: Health Promotion Plan

Name

Capella University

NURS-FPX4060

Prof

Due Date
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Health Promotion Plan

A health promotion plan is a strategic approach aimed at improving the health and well-

being of people by empowering them to lead healthier lives. It involves strategies focusing on

preventing health problems and promoting healthier behaviors rather than treating illnesses.

Among the various issues that demand attention, one crucial concern is teen pregnancy, a serious

issue with far-reaching implications for communities (Nguyen et al., 2019). Teen pregnancy

affects the health and prospects of the young individuals involved. Teen pregnancy perpetuates

cycles of poverty and increases health risks for both the mother and the child (Nguyen et al.,

2019). This health promotion plan aims to address teen pregnancy holistically and reduce the

consequences of teen pregnancy.

Case Study

Jane, a 16-year-old girl, faced the significant challenge of an unexpected pregnancy in her

sophomore (10th grade) year of high school. She was unaware of the repercussions until she

discovered her pregnancy. Coming from a low-income family, Jane faced numerous daily

hindrances, including limited healthcare access. The discovery of her pregnancy at eight weeks

was met with fear and anxiety. She started worrying about her education, social relationships,

and capability to care for a baby. Also, Jane had temporarily frozen her academic activities

because of her pregnancy. Due to a lack of guidance and support, Jane delayed prenatal care,

which is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy. The birth of her baby had minor complications

due to delayed prenatal care. Jane's case illustrates the necessity of comprehensive sexual

education and resources in schools and communities. Jane's case underscores the need for a

health promotion plan targeting adolescents that raises awareness about the consequences of teen

pregnancy.
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Analysis of Health Concerns

Teen pregnancy is a persistent community health concern across the United States,

affecting socio-economic and health outcomes for teen mothers and their babies. A retrospective

examination of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) live birth records from

2016 to 2019 was conducted (Eliner et al., 2022). In the CDC dataset, teen pregnancies are

roughly 6% of the study population, approximately 661,062 out of 11,038,489 cases. Teen

pregnancy is linked with higher maternal complications (eclampsia and premature birth),

contributing to the urgency of addressing health concerns in community health promotion plans

(Eliner et al., 2022).

The major contributor to high teen pregnancy rates is unawareness of health education.

Many adolescents are unfamiliar with the importance of contraceptive use and the potential

consequences (Maharjan et al., 2019). Research has shown that sexual education programs can

effectively reduce the frequency of sexual activity and increase the use of contraceptive methods

among teens (López et al., 2021). As Jane's case demonstrates, the lack of sexual education and

limited knowledge about contraception are the leading causes of unexpected pregnancies.

Assumptions and Uncertainties

The analysis rests on a few assumptions and uncertainties. A fundamental assumption is

that there is a strong association between a lack of comprehensive sexual education and high teen

pregnancy rates. The delivery of effective education can mitigate the risks of teen pregnancy

(Maharjan et al., 2019). Uncertainties exist in generalizing data from the CDC natality live births

database, as it may not account for all teenage pregnancies or regional variations. There is also

uncertainty surrounding the correlation between the factors like access to quality prenatal care,

socioeconomic status, and the teenager's health, which are also necessary (Dowle & Soltani,
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2020). Also, the analysis does not fully explore the long-term impacts on the socio-economic

status and health of teen mothers and their children, an essential aspect of the broader teen

pregnancy issue (Dowle & Soltani, 2020).

Need for Health Promotion

Addressing the concern of teenage pregnancy is essential for health promotion within the

teenage population. As of 2020, the adolescent fertility rate appeared at 15.4, indicating the

number of births per 1,000 females aged between 15 and 19 (HSS, 2023). Despite progress made

in recent years, the adolescent birth rate in the United States continues to exceed that of

numerous other industrialized nations, such as Canada and the United Kingdom. In 2020,

approximately 15% of live births were among individuals aged 15 to 19 (HSS, 2023). Teenage

pregnancy poses significant health risks to the young mother and her child. Teen mothers are

more likely to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth, such as preterm

delivery and low birth weight babies. The children of teen mothers are also at a higher risk of

neonatal mortality and long-term health issues (Karataşlı et al., 2019).

Each year, approximately 21 million adolescent females between the ages of 15 and 19 in

underprivileged areas experience pregnancy. Approximately 50% of these pregnancies were

unplanned, and over 50% culminated in abortion (Mezmur et al., 2021). Teenage pregnancy

leads to adverse social consequences. Teen mothers are less likely to complete their education,

which can limit their future career prospects and economic stability (Karataşlı et al., 2019). Teen

pregnancy can perpetuate a cycle of poverty, affecting both the mother and her child. Teenage

mothers are more likely to experience depression and anxiety during and after pregnancy. Thus,

there is a need for a health promotion plan that includes resources and support for mental health

that can help mitigate these risks (Rahill et al., 2020).

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Factors Involved in Health Disparities

The socio-economic status of teenagers is a factor that affects access to healthcare

services. Teenagers from low-income backgrounds face a lack of the resources to access quality

sexual education and contraceptive methods, resulting in higher pregnancy rates (López et al.,

2021). Moreover, disparities in education contribute to the prevalence of teen pregnancy. A lack

of comprehensive mental education can lead to anxiety and depression in teenage mothers

(Rahill et al., 2020). Further, limited access to healthcare services, especially reproductive health

services, due to geographical, financial, or confidentiality concerns significantly exacerbate the

incidence of teen pregnancies. These factors contribute to teen pregnancies and influence teen

mothers and their offspring, emphasizing the need for equitable access to resources and services

(López et al., 2021).

Health Goals

Establishing health SMART goals in collaboration with Jane is essential to ensure they

are realistic, measurable, attainable, and time-bound. These goals will provide clear targets for

Jane to work toward. The goals will reflect the importance of regular prenatal care, health

education, mental health support, and the utilization of telehealth services to enhance

accessibility and convenience (Tebb & Brindis, 2022). Regular assessment and adjustments will

also be made to ensure Jane's progress and provide her with the necessary support throughout her

pregnancy.

Realistic Goal

 Jane will attend antenatal care appointments regularly to ensure her and her baby's well-being

(Gamberini et al., 2023).

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 Jane will prioritize her mental well-being by attending counseling sessions to address emotional

challenges, receive support, and develop coping strategies during her pregnancy (Tebb &

Brindis, 2022).

Measurable Goal

 Jane will record her antenatal care appointments, documenting the dates and healthcare provider

feedback received during each visit (Gamberini et al., 2023).

 Jane will attend counseling sessions at a frequency determined in collaboration with her

counselor, documenting the dates and topics discussed during each session (Bain et al., 2019).

Attainable Goal

 Jane will explore telehealth options for certain prenatal care appointments, such as check-ups and

consultations, to reduce transportation barriers and expenses. Telehealth will make it more

feasible for her to attend appointments regularly and receive the necessary care (Tebb & Brindis,

2022).

 Jane will allocate dedicated time each week to engage in the online training session, ensuring she

can complete the assigned modules and actively participate in learning activities (Tebb &

Brindis, 2022).

Time-Bound Goal

 Jane will commit to attending antenatal care appointments on a bi-monthly basis, starting from

the 20th week of her pregnancy until delivery, following the recommended schedule provided

by her healthcare provider (Erfina et al., 2019).

 Jane will aim to complete the childbirth education program by the 32nd week of her pregnancy,

ensuring she has sufficient time to assimilate the information and prepare for childbirth (Erfina

et al., 2019).
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The goal of educating Jane during her teenage pregnancy period will provide her with

valuable knowledge and resources to navigate this challenging time. Counseling sessions will help

Jane address emotional challenges and provide support, promoting her mental well-being during the

transformative period (Bain et al., 2019). Training sessions will empower Jane to make informed

choices for herself and her baby's well-being.

Conclusion

The health promotion plan for Jane focuses on providing comprehensive education on

teenage pregnancy and emotional support. Educating Jane about teen pregnancy's consequences,

ensuring she attends prenatal care appointments regularly, and offering counseling to address her

emotional well-being. The plan aims to empower and support her throughout her teenage

pregnancy journey. The health promotion plan seeks to improve Jane's health outcomes and

equip her with knowledge about a healthy pregnancy and future well-being.
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References

Bain, L. E., Zweekhorst, M. B., Coleman, M. A., Yalcin, S. M., Omolade, A. I.-O., Becquet, R.,

& Buning, T. C. (2019). To keep or not to keep? decision making in adolescent

pregnancies in Jamestown, Ghana. PLOS ONE, 14(9), 223453.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221789

Dowle, K. M., & Soltani, H. (2020). A comparison of neonatal outcomes between adolescent and

adult mothers in developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European

Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X, 6, 100109.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurox.2020.100109

Eliner, Y., Gulersen, M., Kasar, A., Lenchner, E., Grünebaum, A., Chervenak, F. A., &

Bornstein, E. (2022). Maternal and neonatal complications in teen pregnancies: A

comprehensive study of 661,062 patients. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(6), 922–927.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.12.014

Erfina, E., Widyawati, W., McKenna, L., Reisenhofer, S., & Ismail, D. (2019). Adolescent

mothers’ experiences of the transition to motherhood: An integrative review. International

Journal of Nursing Sciences, 6(2), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.03.013

Gamberini, C., Angeli, F., Knight, L., Zaami, M., Al-Nasiry, S., & Ambrosino, E. (2023). Effect

of covid-19 on antenatal care: Experiences of medical professionals in the Netherlands.

Reproductive Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01587-y

HSS. (2023). Trends in teen pregnancy and childbearing. hhs.gov .

https://opa.hhs.gov/adolescent-health/reproductive-health-and-teen-pregnancy/trends-teen-

pregnancy-and-childbearing
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Karataşlı, V., Kanmaz, A. G., İnan, A. H., Budak, A., & Beyan, E. (2019). Maternal and neonatal

outcomes of adolescent pregnancy. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human

Reproduction, 48(5), 347–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.02.011

López, A. C., Lozano, D. C., & González, R. L. (2021). Effectiveness of sex education in

adolescents. Sexes, 2(1), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes2010012

Maharjan, M., Thapa, N., Maharjan, N., Rai, P., Pun, P., Petrini, M. A., & Yang, J. (2019).

Prevalence of teenage pregnancy in a community hospital of rural Nepal: A cross-sectional

study. Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 57(217), 176–180.

https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4083

Mezmur, H., Assefa, N., & Alemayehu, T. (2021). Teenage pregnancy and its associated factors

in eastern Ethiopia: A community-based study. International Journal of Women’s Health,

3, 267–278. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s287715

Nguyen, P. H., Scott, S., Neupane, S., Tran, L. M., & Menon, P. (2019). Social, biological, and

programmatic factors linking adolescent pregnancy and early childhood undernutrition: A

path analysis of India’s 2016 national family and health survey. The Lancet Child &

Adolescent Health, 3(7), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30110-5

Rahill, G. J., Joshi, M., Zlotnick, C., Lamour, S., Beech, H., Sutton, A., Burris, C., & Paul, P.

(2020). “Give me proof”: A covert but coercive form of non-partner sexual violence

contributing to teen pregnancy in Haiti and opportunities for biopsychosocial intervention.

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 29(7), 835–855.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2020.1738616
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Tebb, K. P., & Brindis, C. D. (2022). Understanding the psychological impacts of teenage

pregnancy through a socio-ecological framework and life course approach. Seminars in

Reproductive Medicine, 40(1/2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1741518