Hi there , today's lesson we're going to learn how know the silent letters in

english .

First letter is *A* : when *A* comes in the end of a word like *Cally* we don't
pronounce *A*

for example : Artistically (‫ )فنيا‬- musically (‫)موسيقيا‬- historically (‫ )تاريخيا‬-

romantically (‫ )رومانسي‬- logically (‫ )منطقي‬- automatically (‫ )تلقائيا‬- basically (‫ )أساسيا‬-
speciafically (‫ )خاصة‬- abdominally (‫ )بطني‬- genetically (‫ )وراثيا‬- juridically (‫ )قضائيا‬-
comedically (‫)كوميديا‬

but that rule does not apply to all words that end in *Cally* for example in these
words we pronounce the *A* : ideally (‫ ) بشكل مثالي‬- generally (‫)عموما‬- vocally (‫)صوتيا‬

Also when comes after double (LL) and (LT) letter *A* pronounce *O* like: Tall (
‫ )طويل‬- small (‫ )صغير‬- Fall (‫ )سقط‬- salt (‫)ملح‬- halt (‫ )توقف‬- malt ( ‫ )حبوب الشعير‬- ball (
‫ )كرة‬- call (‫ )يتصل‬- waterfall (‫ )شالل‬- wall (‫ )حائط‬- dealt (‫)تعامل مع‬

Letter *B* : we usually we don't pronounce the letter *B* if it is after *M* at end
of a word .

*for example* : bomb (‫ )قنبلة‬- climb (‫ )يتسلق‬- crumbs (‫ )مكوالت مفرتة بحال خبز‬- limbs ( ‫تكسرت‬
‫ )اطراف‬- tomb (‫ )مقبرة‬- plumber (‫ )سباك‬- dumb (‫ )غبي‬- jamb (‫ ) درع رجل‬- numb (‫مشلول‬/‫)فاقد الحس‬

but when is in the middle of a word most of the time we pronounce bothe letters

*for example* member (‫ )عضو‬- number (‫ )رقم الهاتف‬- umbrella (‫ )مضلة‬- number (‫ )عدد‬-
crumble (‫ فتت‬/‫ )حطم‬- tumble - (‫انقلب‬/‫ _ )وقع‬fumble (‫ )تتردد‬- humble (‫ ذليل‬/‫ )وضيع‬- bimbo ( ‫فتاة‬
‫ )غبية‬- zombi (‫)الزومبي‬

in a few words before *T*

*for example* : Debt (‫قرض‬/‫ )دين يجب اداه‬- Doubt (‫ )شك‬, but sometimes when comes with
in *Sub* subtend (‫ )قابل‬- subtraction (‫ )طرح‬- subterranean (‫ _)تحت األرض‬subtitle ( ‫عنوان‬
‫)فرعي‬

Now let's look at the Letter *C* : letter C is almost silent it comes after *S*
and before an *E* or an *i*

*for example* : Science (‫ )علم‬- scissors (‫ )مقص‬- scene (‫ )مشهد‬- muscle (‫)عضلة‬ -
descent (‫ )انحدار‬- ascent (‫ )صعود‬- scenario (‫)سيناريو‬

also when comes *C* before *K/Q* we don't pronounce it *C* :

*For example* : Back (‫ )ظهر‬- black (‫ )اسود‬- bocks (‫ )جعة‬- cacks (‫ )الديدان‬- hucks (
‫حاجز‬/‫ )عقبة‬- necks (‫ )رقبة‬- wicky (‫ )شرير‬- lock (‫ )قفل‬- acquire (‫ )اقتناء‬- racquet (‫ )مضربة‬-
score (‫)نتيجة‬
we can pronounce it like letter *S* with comes with letter *I* and *E* like place (
‫ )مكان‬- city (‫ )مدينة‬- bicycle (‫ )دراجة‬- biceps (‫ )عضلة الذراع‬- rice (‫ )ارز‬- racer (‫ )متسابق‬-
excel () - certification (‫ )شهادات‬- center (‫ )مركز‬- celebrate (‫)احتفال‬

And when comes *C* before H we pronounce it like (‫)تش‬

*for example* : Chair (‫ )كرسي‬- match (‫ )مباراة‬- teacher (‫ )معلم‬- championship (‫ )بطولة‬-
reach (‫بلغ القمة‬/‫ ) وصل‬- kitchen (‫ )مطبخ‬- peach (‫ )خوخ‬- hatch ( ‫ )فقس‬exception with ( cia
- cie - cio - cea ) pronounce it with (‫)ش‬

in some cases (‫ )في بعض الحاالت‬we pronouce letter *C* like letter *K*‫ *ك‬for example =
cry (‫ )يبكي‬- cold (‫ )برد‬- picnic (‫ )نزهة‬- cat (‫ )قطة‬- local (‫ )محلي‬- country (‫ )بلد‬-
correspond (‫)موصل‬

*letter D* :

We do not pronounce *D* when comes before *(ge)* in the end of a word.

*for example* : Bridge (‫ )جسر‬- pledge (‫ )تعهد‬- judge (‫ )قاضي‬- fridge (‫ )ثالجة‬- smudge (
‫ )توسخ‬- splodge (‫ )تفاخر\تباه‬- drudge ( ‫ )العامل بجدية\َع َم ل شاّق‬- midge (‫)دبابة صغيرة‬

also when come *D* before *J* we don't pronounce it or we pronounce with a low
voice for example : adjective (‫ )صفة‬- adjacent (‫ مجاور‬/‫ )قريب‬- adjudge (‫قضى بـ‬/ ‫)حكم‬
adjoin (‫ التصق بـ‬/‫ )ضم‬- adjutant (‫ مساعد‬/‫ )مالزم‬- adjunct (‫مساعد‬/ ‫)مضاف‬

also : Handsome (‫ )وسيم‬- wednesday (‫)االربعاء‬ - handkerchief (‫ ) منديل‬- sandwich (‫)سندوش‬

*Letter E*

Normally if an *E* is in the end of the word we don't pronounce it like in these
words or 2 vowels in word .

*for example* : before (‫ )قبل‬- bridge (‫ )جسر‬- give (‫ )يعطي‬- close (‫ )يغلق‬- table (‫)مائدة‬
- hide (‫ )يختفي‬- leave (‫ )يترك‬- abide (‫ )يلتزم‬- abuse (‫ )إساءة‬- able (‫ )قادر‬- Leave (‫ )يترك‬-
Table (‫ )مائدة‬- Write (‫ )يكتب‬- Before (‫ )قبل‬- give (‫)يعطي‬

but when it comes no vowel we pronounce the word like : (some personal pronoun )*
he - we - she - be - de

also silent in *ed* verb ending *for example* : called (‫ )يتصل‬- helped (‫ )يساعد‬-
looked (‫ )يالحظ‬- seemed (‫ )يبدو أن‬- unconnected (‫ )غير متصل‬- collected (‫ )غير متصل‬-
trusted (‫ )موثوق به‬- noted (‫)مالحظة‬

we only pronounce the *E* if the verb ends between (T,D) Some example : Ended (‫)ينهي‬
- include (‫ )يشمل‬- started (‫ )يبدأ‬- wanted (‫ )يريد‬- calculated (‫مدروس‬/‫ )محسوب‬- accepted
() - animated (‫ )مفعم بالحيوية‬- directed (‫)موجهة‬

*letter G*
we do not pronounce *G* it's followed by *N* for example : Design (‫ )تصميم‬- foreign
(‫ )اجنبي‬- sign (‫ )اشارة‬- campaign (‫ )حملة بشكل عام‬- resign (‫ )يستقبل‬-

in some cases , generally we don't pronounce *GM* when come at the end of a word
like : phlegm (‫ )بلعم‬- paradigm (‫)نموذج‬

but when it comes it with *GE* we pronounce it like (‫ )ج‬for example : large (
‫طويل‬/‫ )واسع‬- bridge (‫ )جسر‬- huge (‫)عمالق‬

also *G* when it comes with *GH* at the end of a word or after vowel , we don't
pronounce it : like : through (‫ عبر‬/ ‫ )من خالل‬- high (‫ )عالي‬- right (‫الحق‬/‫ )اليمين‬sigh (
‫ )تنهد‬- daughter (‫ )ابنتي‬- might (‫ )ربما‬- fight (‫ )يقاتل‬- light (‫)االنارة‬

but sometimes we can pronounce it like (‫ )ڤ‬for example : enough (‫ )كافي‬- laugh (
‫ )يضحك‬- rough (‫ )صعب‬- tough (‫)قاسي‬

If *GN* is in the middle if a word , most of the time we pronounce the *G* like :
ignore ( ‫ )يتجاهل‬- magnificent (magnificent) - signation ()

*letter H*

we do not read or pronounce it when it comes like this for example : whey (‫ )لمادا‬-
when (‫ )متى‬- where (‫ )اين‬- whale (‫ )الحوت‬- while (‫ )بينما‬- white (‫ )االبيض‬- what (‫ )مادا‬-
whale (‫)جميع‬

hour (‫ )ساعة‬- hourly (‫ )كل ساعة‬- hourglass (‫ )ساعة رملية‬- honest ‫ أمين‬- honour ‫ شرف‬-
dishonest ‫ خائن‬- heir ‫ وريث‬- heiress ‫ وريثة‬- exhort ‫ نصح‬/‫ حذر‬- ghost (‫ )شبح‬- rhythm (
‫)إيقاع‬

spaghetti (‫ ) معكرونة‬- vehicle ‫ عربة‬- whisper (‫)يهمس‬

Sometimes silent after *C* like : chemistry (‫ )كيمياء‬- mechanic (‫ )ميكانيكي‬- school (
‫ )المدرسة‬- stomach (‫ )المعدة‬- technology (‫)تكنولوجيا‬

Most of the time of a word starts with an *H* you pronounce it : House (‫ )منزل‬- hat
(‫ )قبعة‬- have (‫ )يملك‬- Hope (‫ )يامل‬- hit (‫ )يضرب‬- hip hop () - him (‫)هو‬

*Letter K*

Most of the time of a word starts with a KN we do not pronounce it like : knee (
‫ )ركبة‬- knife (‫ )سكين‬- knight (‫ )فارس‬- know (‫ )يعرف‬- knock (‫ )طرق‬- knitting (‫ )نسيج‬- -
knob (‫ ) مقبض الباب‬- knowledge (‫ )معرفة‬- Knee-high (‫)الركبة عالية‬

*Letter L*

there's no real rule but with *L* just need to learn the exceptions when comes ,
like : calf (‫ )عجل‬- half (‫ ) نصف‬- chalk (‫ )طباشير‬- talk (‫ )ثحدث‬- walk (‫ )تمشئ‬- balm (
‫ ) نعناع‬- palm (‫ض )نخل‬

it's also silent in the words : could (‫)يستطع‬ should (‫ )يجب‬and would (‫)يريد‬

*Letter M*
there's not real rule here

*letter N*

We don't pronounce *N* if a word ends in *Mn*

*for example* : autumn (‫ ) خريف‬- column (‫ )عمود‬- damn (‫ )اللعنة‬- hymn (‫ )ترنيمة‬- contemn
(‫ )يحتقر‬condemn (‫ادانة‬/ ‫) حكم عليه‬

what about the *letter P* ?

if it comes at beginning of a word before an S like : psychiatrist (‫)طبيب نفسي‬

psychic ( ‫ )َو سيط روحانّي‬- psychology (‫ )علم النفس‬psychologist ()

also if a word begins with Pn pr Pt but there are not that many words like that in
english for example : pneumatic (‫ )الهواء المضغوط‬pneumonia (‫)االلتهاب الرئوي‬

common random words for example : coup (‫ضربة‬/‫ )انقالب‬- cupboard (‫ )خزانة‬- raspberry (
‫ )ثوث‬- receipt (‫)استالم‬

Letter R

British english : silent if followed by a consonant or at the end of a word

british english American english

Fo(*r*)K fork

sta(*r*)t Start

sta(*r*) star

teache(*r*) teacher

*Letter S* no real rules

Aisle (‫)ممر‬ - bourgeois (‫)برجوزي‬ - island (‫)جزيزة‬ - isle (‫)جزيزة‬

*Letter T*

we do not pronounce *T* when comes before Le in the end of a word for example :
castle (‫ َقْص ر‬- ‫ )َقْلعة‬- whistle (‫ )صفرة‬- wrestle (‫ )مصارعة‬- hustle (‫)الزحام‬

there are quite a lot of silent T's in English : catch (‫ )قبض‬- sketch (‫مشهد‬/) -
stitch (‫ )غرزة‬watch (‫ )شاهد‬- witch(‫)ساحر‬

if a word ends in *STEN* like : Fasten (‫روابط‬/‫ )ربط‬- listen (‫ )استماع‬- christmas ( ‫عيد‬
‫)ميالد‬

if a word ends in *STLE* like : Castle ( ‫ )قلعة‬- hustle (‫ )زحام‬- whistle (‫)صفرة‬
and then we have words that have been taken directly from French and end in Et such
as : ballet (‫ )رقصة بالي‬- buffet (‫ )مائدة المكوالت‬- gourmet (‫)تد'واق‬

but don't let that confuse you most of the time we pronounce et at the end of a
word

and then there are some random words that you just need to learn like asthma ( ‫مرض‬
‫ )الربو‬- christmas (‫ )عيد الميالد غير المسلمين‬- soften (‫لين‬/ ‫ تنعيم‬/ ‫) تخفف‬

*Letter U*

let's look at the *letter U* , yes the *U* is sometimes silent as well , *U* is
often silent a *G* and before a vowel

for example : colleague (‫ )زميل‬guard ( ‫ ) حارس‬- guest (‫ )ضيف‬- guide (‫ )مرشد‬-

guitar (‫ )جيتار‬- build (‫ )يبني‬- biscuit (‫)بسكويت‬

*letter W*

if a word begins with Wr , the W is always silent , just look at these words :

wrap (‫ ) غالف‬- wrinkle (‫ )تجعيد‬- wriste (poignet) - write (‫ )يكتب‬- wrong (‫خطأ‬/‫)غير مناسب‬

often if a word begins with WHO

like who (‫ )من‬whoever (‫اي شخص‬/‫ ) كل من‬- whole (‫كله‬/‫)كل‬

Some common ones are : anwser (‫ )اجابة‬- sword (‫)سيف‬

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we also have *reliable* , if someone is *reliable* then you can trust them to do
something well on the othr hand , we have *unreliable* meaning that you can not
trust them to do something

well , you can not depend on them

then we have *loyal* this means meaning faithful to (somebody or something) and
supportive , then we have disloyal , this means not loyal or faithful

next we are going to discuss adjective that describ , how honest you are with
others .

we have *sincere* this means that you show what you really think or feel , on the
other hand we have *insincere* if someone is insincere they say or do things that
they do not really mean.

Next we have frank , which can actually sometimes be negative or disapproving as

well as approving , so it all depends on the tone of voice or the context , if
someone is frank it means they are honest or direct and there is sometimes at risk

of hurting other people s feelings because of this on the other side we have
secretive , if you are secretive you like to hide you thoughts feelings and actions
and keep them private then we have direct , and sometimes much like frank .

this can also be negative or disapproving depending on tone of voice and context ,
if you are direct in means you say exactly what you means , and no one can pretend
thy have not understood because it s very very clear !

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