NCERT lntext Questions CHAPTER

CHE MICAL REjoS EAUATIONS

0. 1. Why should amagnesium ribbon be cleanedbefore burning in air?
Ans. The magnesium ribbon which weuse usually hasa coating of awhite layer of magnesium oxide
burning of
on its surface. It is formed by the slow reaction of moist air on it. This hinders the
magnesium. So, this layer is removed by rubbing with sandpaper before burning.
0.2. Writethe balanced equation for the following chemical reactions:
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium + Water Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Ans. (0) Hg) + Cl,(g) 2HClg)
(i) 3BaCl(aq) + Al,(SO),(aq) 3BaSO4($) + 2AlCI_ (aq)
(im) 2Na(s) + 2H,o) 2NaOH (aq) + Hg)
following reactions:
Q.3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the react to give insoluble barium
(i) Solutions of bariumchloride and sodium sulphate in water
sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
acid solution (in water) to
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric
produce sodium chloride solution and water.
Ans. (0) BaCl,(aq) + Na,SO4(aq) ’ BaSO,() + 2NaCl(aq)
(ü) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H,0(0)
Q. 4. A solution of a substance 'X' is used for whitewashing.
formula.
(i) Name the substance X' and write its
named in (i) above with water.
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance X'
Ans. (i) The substance 'X' used for whitewashing is quick ime (calcium oxide). Itsformula is CaO.
reaction takes place:
(iü) When quick lime is mixed with water, the following
CaO(s) +H,0() Ca(OH)2 (ag) + Heat
Quick lime Water Calcium hydroxide
(Calcium oxide) (Slaked lime)
collected in
Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes double of the amount
Q.5. Name this gas.
the other in electrolysisof water experiment? is
amount in the electrolysis of water experimentReactions
Ans. The gas which is collected in double the hydrogen element as compared
Chemicaland
to
parts of
hydrogen. This is because water (H,O) containstwo
volume.
One part of oxygen element by
colour of copper sulphate solutionchange when an iron nailis dipped in it?
Q6. Why does the
reactive than copper. It displaces copper from copper sulphate solution according
Ans. Iron is more
to the following reaction:
Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) FeSO4(aq) +Cu(s) Equations
Iron Copper sulphate Iron (II)sulphate Copper
 iron(II) sulphate, the blue colour of copper
Thus, as copper sulphate reacts to form
solution fades and the solution turns green due to iron(I)
Q. 7. Give an example of a double
sulphate.
displacemnent reaction other than the one between
sulpivae
Ans.
chloride and sodium sulphate solutions.
AgNO,(aq) + Sodium
NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO, (aq)
barium
Silver nitrate chloride Silver chloride Sodium nitrate

Q. 8. Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that
are reduced in
reactions:
the fol owing Q. 5

(i) 4Na(s) + O,() 2Na,O(s)

(ii) CuO(s) + H,(g) Cu(s) + H,O)
Ans. () In this reaction, sodium(Na) is changed into sodium oxide(Na,0) by the addition of
to sodium. Since addition of oxygen is called oxidation, therefore, the substance sod oxygen
(Na) isoxidised. Ans
Oxygen (0,) is changed into Na,O. Here, the addition of metal to oxygen takes place. s
the substance reduced is Oxygen.
(ü) Here, copper oxide is reduced to copper metal whereas hydrogen is oxidised to water.

NCERT Exercises
Q.1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO(s) + C(s) ’ 2Pb(s) + CO, (g)
() Lead is getting reduced. (ii) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised. An
(iii) Carbon is getting oxidised. (iv) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
(a) (i) and (ii) (6) (i) and (ii1) (c) (i), (ii) and (iüi) (d) all
Ans. The incorrect statements are:
(0) Lead is getting reduced and (ü) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
Hence, (a) is the correct answer. Q.
Q. 2. Fe,O, + 2AI Al,O, + 2Fe
The above reaction is an example of
(a) combination reaction (b) double displacement reaction
(c) decomposition reaction (d) displacement reaction Ar
Ans. Hence,
The given equation is a displacement reaction in which Feof Fe,0, has been displaced by A.
(d) is the correct answer.
Q. 3. What happenswhen dilute hydrochloric acid isadded to iron filings? Choose the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(6) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron saltand water are produced.
Ans. The following reaction takes place:
Fe(s) + 2HCI(aq) FeCl,(s) + H(g)
Iron Hydrochloric acid Iron (II) chloride
Hydrogen Ar
Thus, hydrogen and iron chloride are produced. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.
0.4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?
Ans. Abalanced chemical equation is one which contains an equal number of atoms of each elemel
on both sides of the equation. For example,
2H,(g) + Ozg) 2H,0()
 According to the law of conservation of mass, matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction. During a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants and products remain
the same. Hence, in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of the various elements on both
sides should be equal. Therefore, achemical equation is tobe balanced in accordance with the
law of conservation of mass.
0.5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(6) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(e) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
(d) Potassium meal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Ans. (a) Ngg) + SH,g) 2NH,g)
(b) 2H,S() + 30,g) 2H,0() + 2S0,g)
(c) SBaCl,(aq) + Al,(SO)s(aq) 2AlCl,(aq) + 3BaSO,
(d) 2K($) + 2H,0) 2KOH(aq) + H,g)
Q.6. Balance the following chemicalequations:
(a) HNO, + Ca(0H), Ca(NO,) + H,0
(b) NaOH + H,S0, Na,SO, + H,0
(c) NaCl + AgNO, AgCl + NaNO,
(d) BaCl, + H,SO, BaSO, + HCI
Ans. (a) 2HNO, + Ca(OH), Ca(NO), + 2H,0
(b) 2NaOH + H,SO4 Na,SO4 + 2H,0
(c) NaCl + AgNO AgCl + NaNO,
(d) BaCl, t H,SO4 BaSO, + 2HCI
following reactions.
Q7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the Calcium carbonate + Water
dioxide
(a) Calcium hydroxide + CarbonZinc nitrate + Silver
(b) Zinc+ Silver nitrate
Aluminium chloride + Copper
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride
Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate
Ans. (a) Ca(OH),(aq) + CO,g) ’ CaCO,(s) + H,O0)
(b) Zn(s) + 2AgNO,(a4) Zn(NO,)(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(c) 2Al(s) + 3CuCl,(aq) 2AICl,(aq) + 3Cu(s)
(d) BaCl(s) + K,SO,aq) BaSO,(6) + 2KCl(aq)
equation for the following and identify the type of reaction in
Q. 8. Write the balanced chemical
bromide(s)
each case.
Barium iodide(aq) Potassiun iodide(aq) + Barium
(a) Potassium bromide(aq) + Chemical
dioxide(g)
(b) Zinc carbonate(s) - Zincoxide(s) + Carbon
Hydrogen chloride(g)
(e) Hydrogen(g) + Chlorine(g) Magnesium chloride(aq) + Hydrogen(g)Reactions
Hydrochloric acid(aq)
(d) Magnesium(s)+ Double displacement reaction
’ 2Kl(aq) + BaBrz(0):
Ans. (a) 2KBr(aq) + Bal,(aq) Decomposition reaction and
’ ZnO(s) + CO,g):
(6) ZnCO,(s) Combination reaction Equations
2HClg):
(c) H,g) + Cl,(g) Displacement reaction
MgCl,(aq) + Hlg);:
(d) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)
 reactions?Give examp
endothermic during the reaction
does one mean bv exothermie and
exothermic reaction, heat is evolved
equation.
whh
s 0.
Q.9. What
Exothermic reaction: In hand sde ofthe
Ans. sign on the rght Ca(OH)(aq) + Heat
indicated by '+ heat' H0) absorbed which is
indicated by putting '+ heat
CaO(s) +
Forexample: reaction: Inthis reaction, heat is
Endothermic cquation.
the left hand side of the 2NOg)
sign on
Os) + Heat
For example: Nog) +
exothermic reaction? Explain. and
respiration considered an oxygen in the cells of our body provides
Why is conmbines with during this
Q. 10. respiration, the glucose
process because energy Is produced
Ans. During an exothermic
energy. Thus, respiration is
process. 6CO;(e)+ 12H,O() + Energy
CeHi;O(aq) + 60;)+6H,0Q)
opposite of combination reactions? Write
Ghnse
reactions called the
Q1. Why are decomposition
reactions.
O.
Also, a
cquations for these
two or more substances combine to form a single product.
Ans. In a combination reaction,
large amount of heat is evolved. form of heat, light or electricity for
reactions require energy either in the
The decomposition
breaking down one substance into two or more substances.
2NH,(e) + Heat; (Combination reaction)
Ngg) + 3H,g)
2NH,(g)+ Heat ’ Nag) + 3H,g); (Decomposition reaction)
Q 12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of
heat. light or electricity. [CBSE 2018]
Ans.

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 0. 13. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write
equations for these reactions.
Ans. In adisplacement reaction, a more reactive element displaces or removes another element from
itscompound.
For example, zinc being more reactive, displaces copper from its compound.
Zn(s) + CuSO,(aq) ZnSO,(aq) + Cu(s)
In case of double displacement reactions, two compounds react by exchanging their ions and
form two new compounds.
For example, silver nitrate and sodium chloride exchange their ions, NO, and CI respectively
and form two new compounds in the following reaction
AgNO,(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl($) + NaNO,(aq)
(White ppt.)
0. 14. Inthe refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement
by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Ans. Cu(s) + 2AgNO_(aq) ’ Cu(NOs)a (aq) + 2Ag(s)
Copper Silver nitrate Copper (II) nitrate Silver

Q. 15. What do you mean by precipitation reactions? Explain by giving examples.

Ans. On mixing the clear solutions of two ioniccompounds, a substance which is insoluble in water, is
formed. This insoluble substance formed is known as precipitate. Any reaction that produces a
precipitate is called a precipitation reaction.
When sodium sulphate solution is mixed with barium chloride solution, a white precipitate of
BaSO, is formed by the reaction of SO and Ba+
Na,SO,(aq) + BaCl,(aq) BaSO4(s)+ 2NaCl(aq)
The other product formed is sodium chloride which remains in the solution.
Q. 16. Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each:
(a) Oxidation, (b)Reduction.
Ans. (a) Oxidation: It is defined as a process which involves gain of oxygen. For example,
(0) 2Mg(s) + O,g) 2MgO(s)
Magnesium OxygenMagnesium oxide

Here, Mg has gained oxygen to form MgO. Hence, Mg has been oxidised to MgO.
Heat
(ü) 2 Cu (s) + O2(g) 2CuO(s)
Copper Oxygen Copper oxide

In this reaction, Cu has gained oxygen to form CuO. Thus, Cu is oxidised to copper
oxide (CuO).
(b) Reduction: It is defined as the process which involves loss of oxygen. For example,
Heat
() CuO (s) + H,(g) ’ Cu(s) + H,00)
Copper oxide Hydrogen Copper Water

In this reaction, copper oxide is losing oxygen. So, it is being reduced to copper.
Heat
(ü) ZnO(s) + C(s) ’ Zn(s) + COg)
Zinc oxide Carbon Zinc Carbon monoxide

In this reaction,zinc Oxide is losing oxygen. So it is being reduced to zinc.

9
 Q. 17. Ashiny brown coloured elementX' on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the

element X'and the black coloured compound formed.

ompound formed is copper () oxide.
Ans. Element X is copper. The black coloured
Heat
2Cu(s) + O,(g) 2CuO()
Copper Copper( ) Oxide
Oxvgen (Black)
(Brown)

Q. 18. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Ans. By coating paint over iron articles, the contact of moist air with iron is cut oft. So, moist ai
attack on the suuface of iron articles and there is no risk of rusting (corrosion of iron
Thus, iron articlescan be protected fromn damage for many
Q19. Oil and fat containing fovod items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Ans. In the presence of oxvgen in the air, the fats present in the fatty food are oxidised to compounds
which haveabad smell, i.e., the food becomes rancid. Flushing with nitrogen cuts off the contact
of food with oxvgen and protects the food from rancidity.
Q. 20. Explain the following terms with one example each.
(a) Corrosion (6) Rancidity
Ans. (a) Corrosion: It is a process of slow and gradual conversion of a metal into its
undesirable
compounds (sulphides, carbonates, oxides, etc.) by the attack of air and moisture (water)
present in the atmosphere.
For example, reddish brown coating on iron, black
copper aresome examples of corrosion of iron, silvercoating on silver and green coating on
and copper respectively. Corrosionof
iron is known as rusting.
(o) Rancidity: When the food items are kept for a
get oxidised and their smell and taste long period, the fats and oils present in them
change. They become rancid and so the nvoee is
called rancidity.
For example, rancid (decaying) tlavour or smell in old
cooking oil.
Multiple Choice Questions