Page 1 of 57

Read the following comprehension passages and answer the questions that follow:
John Griffith Chaney, better known as Jack London, was born on January 12, 1876, in San
Francisco, California. After working in the Klondike, London returned home and began publishing
stories. This classic adventure story is about the friendship developed between a Yukon gold hunter
and the mixed dog-wolf he rescues from the hands of a man who mistreats him.
----------
CHAPTER I--THE TRAIL OF THE MEAT

Dark spruce (a coniferous tree) forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway. The trees had
been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost, and they seemed to lean towards each
other, black and ominous (gloomy and threatening), in the fading light. A vast silence reigned
(ruled)over the land. The land itself was desolation (loneliness), lifeless, without movement, so lone
and cold that the spirit of it was not even that of sadness. There was a hint in it of laughter, but of a
laughter more terrible than any sadness - a laughter that was mirthless (without joy) as the smile of
the sphinx, a laughter cold as the frost and partaking of the grimness (hopelessness) of infallibility
(truth). It was the masterful and incommunicable wisdom of eternity (never ending) laughing at the
futility (uselessness) of life and the effort of life. It was the Wild, the savage (ruthless), frozen-
hearted Northland Wild.

But there was life, abroad in the land and defiant (rebellious). Down the frozen waterway toiled
(worked hard) a string of wolfish dogs. Their bristly fur was rimed (cover) with frost. Their breath
froze in the air as it left their mouths, spouting (gushing) forth in spumes (foams) of vapour that
settled upon the hair of their bodies and formed into crystals of frost. Leather harness was on the
dogs, and leather traces attached them to a sled which dragged along behind. The sled was without
runners. It was made of stout (thick and strong) birch-bark, and its full surface rested on the snow.
The front end of the sled was turned up, like a scroll, in order to force down and under the bore of
soft snow that surged(rose) like a wave before it. On the sled, securely lashed(tied), was a long and
narrow oblong (rectangular) box.

There were other things on the sled - blankets, an axe, and a coffee-pot and frying-pan; but
prominent (important), occupying most of the space, was the long and narrow oblong box. In
advance of the dogs, on wide snowshoes, toiled a man. At the rear of the sled toiled a second man.
On the sled, in the box, lay a third man whose toil was over - a man whom the Wild had conquered
and beaten down until he would never move nor struggle again. It is not the way of the Wild to like
movement. Life is an offence to it, for life is movement; and the Wild aims always to destroy
movement. It freezes the water to prevent it running to the sea; it drives the sap out of the trees till
they are frozen to their mighty hearts; and most ferociously and terribly of all does the Wild harry
(bother) and crush into submission man - man who is the most restless of life, ever in revolt against
the dictum (law) that all movement must in the end come to the cessation (the act of stopping) of
movement.
1. Which description below best describes the atmosphere and tone in the first paragraph?
a) wintry, frosty, snow-covered, windy, cold
b) wild, cold, unfriendly, forested, windy
c) silent, laughing, cold, noisy, still, empty, wilderness
d) wintry, threatening, dangerous, empty, savage, lifeless

Page 2 of 57
2. Write the type of figurative language used in the text. (Simile, metaphor, personification,
alliteration, contrast)

a) "Dark spruce forest frowned..." ___________________________

b) "...laughter that was mirthless as the smile of the sphinx..." ________________________
c) "...cold as the frost..." ___________________________
d) "...savage frozen-hearted Northland Wild" ___________________________
e) "It is not the way of the Wild..." ___________________________
f) "But there was life..." ___________________________

3. Words in Context

What do the words “man whose toil was over” imply?

a) He had done his share of work that day.
b) He was injured and had to be carried.
c) He was dead.
d) He was asleep.

4. Arrange the events into the correct order as described by the author.
1. A man followed the sled.
2. The dogs dragged the sled down the frozen river.
3. A man lay on the sled.
4. A man led on snowshoes
a) ___ b) ___ c) ___ d) ___

5. True or false? Label each statement.

There was a kettle on the sled. ________________
It was so cold, the river had frozen over. ________________
The men were all frozen. ________________
One man wore snowshoes. ________________
6.Find the synonyms to match the following words as used in the passage.

truth/menacing/law/harness/foam

1. spume ___________________
2. infallibility ___________________
3. ominous ___________________
4. traces__________________
5. dictum________________

Page 3 of 57
 How Socialisation Helps your Dog

Socialisation is one of the most important things

you can do for your puppy as it helps them
become friendly and outgoing. It’s all about
giving them lots of positive new experiences,
especially in their first few weeks of life.

Socialisation has a big influence on your puppy.

It teaches them about the world they live in and
how they should react to normal, everyday
events. A well-socialised puppy is more likely to
grow up to be a friendly and outgoing dog.

Dogs that haven’t been socialised can have serious behavioural problems. They are more likely to be
aggressive towards people or other dogs, suffer from anxiety and fear and develop behaviour
problems. These are issues that often result in dogs being given away to rehoming kennels or even
undergoing euthanasia. Tragically, this happens to thousands of dogs every year.

But these problems can easily be avoided by giving your dog the right socialisation early on in their
life.

Here are some guidelines for socialising your puppy.

From 0-3weeks:
• Puppies will be with their mother and littermates. They should be encouraged to smell people
(humans!) from an early age.
3-6 weeks:
• You should let the puppy see and hear everyday household sights and sounds, such as the TV,
vacuum cleaner, washing machine etc. The puppy should also keep meeting new people.
• Grooming and gently examining eyes, ears, paws and so on can start, every day.
6-8 weeks:
• Some puppies will be vaccinated at 6 weeks of age.
• You should allow your puppy to meet everyone in the family, including children and other
people’s children. Puppies should enjoy playing and interacting with them.
• Puppies may also meet other common pets as well as babies, but contact should be supervised so
they meet each other safely.
8 weeks
• They’ll need to be fully vaccinated by now.
• Get your puppy used to being in the car. Start off on the drive with the doors open and then
gradually build up to taking short journeys. Offer a small treat when your puppy is calm and
relaxed but don’t force them to take it as they might feel car sick at first.
• It’s important that your puppy gets used to being without you.
• Leave your puppy for a few minutes at a time. Gradually build up the time until they’re happy to
be left in the house on their own for longer periods.
• Start reward-based training e.g. toilet training and coming when called.
• Continue socialisation training with new people and new experiences, making sure every
experience is positive.
9 weeks
• Get your puppy used to wearing a collar and lead in your garden.
10 weeks

Page 4 of 57
• You may be able to take your puppy for their second vaccination. Ask your vet when it will be
safe for your puppy to start meeting other dogs and exploring away from home.
12 weeks
• Gradually build up the range of experiences away from your home. You could visit the local
shopping areas, for example, see farm animals, etc. Remember to stop if your puppy seems
scared and not to overwhelm your puppy with too many experiences at a time or with
experiences that are too intense.
15 weeks onwards
• Carry on like this until your puppy’s at least a year old, as your puppy’s learning will continue
during this time. The benefits of good socialisation will stay with your puppy for life.

Essential Tips for Looking after your Dog

Make sure you:
1. Provide a protected and clean living environment for your dog, including shelter from the
elements and hazards, as well as good hygiene.
2. Always keep fresh water available. Maintaining optimal hydration is important for health and
energy.
3. Provide a quality diet and prevent obesity. Follow the dietary recommendations of your
veterinarian according to the nutritional needs of your dog, based on size, age, level of
activity and breed. Give healthy treats rather than table scraps as rewards.
4. Have your pet examined by a veterinarian on a regular basis. Keep a copy of your pet’s
vaccination records in your home or with you when you travel. Contact your veterinarian if
you believe that your pet may be ill, injured, or if something just doesn’t seem right.
5. Make sure your dog gets the regular exercise needed to enable it to be fit. A fit dog will
benefit more from the activities that it enjoys.

1. What is the main idea of this article?

a. The main idea is to provide readers with basic information about keeping, training and enjoying
a pet dog.
b. The main idea is to ensure that dog owners know the correct way to train their pets.
c. The main idea is to help readers understand that having a dog is not just a toy but a living,
breathing animal.
d. The main idea is to introduce readers to the best advice about dogs.

2. What are the possible effects of neglecting to feed your dog a balanced diet?
a. A neglected dog will become vicious, nervous and neurotic and require urgent veterinary
attention.
b. Dogs on an unbalanced diet become badly behaved, uncontrollable and sickly.
c. The symptoms of poor nutrition, such as obesity, emaciation, rickets, increased allergies and hair
loss, may lead to life-threatening illnesses.
d. Feeding your dog chocolate, alcoholic drinks, sugary treats will cause it to develop obesity,
anxiety and illness.

3. What does the writer suggest is the result of poor socialisation of a puppy?
a. Dogs that have not been well socialised often develop behavioural problems, including extreme
aggressiveness, territorialism and anxiety.

Page 5 of 57
b. An unsociable dog is an unhappy dog and an unhappy dog means an unhappy owner.
c. If your pet is not socialised it will not get on with other dogs.
d. Poor socialisation means that you will not benefit from the positive benefits of owning a dog.

4. What do you think might happen if you keep a wild animal as a pet?
a. Keeping a wild animal as a pet is usually illegal, often dangerous and inhumane. You may be
prosecuted, injured or become sick and the animal could suffer too.
b. If you decide to keep an injured animal that you have rescued from the roadside, then by nursing
it back to health, you will have gained a grateful pet.
c. It is dangerous to try to have a wild animal as a pet; it can always revert to its wild state and
cause havoc.
d. Keeping a wild animal as a pet can be exciting, for your friends will be impressed and you could
be helping a rare species to survive.

7. According to the writer, how should you familiarise your dog with being in a car?
a. The dog should be taken for short journeys first, before being taken on long journeys.
b. At around eight weeks of age, place your puppy in the car with the doors open to reassure the
pet. Once it is calm and relaxed, short journeys can be made.
c. The dog should be allowed to poke its nose out of the window of the car so it can see the view,
smell the scents all around and hear the road noises.
d. The dog should not be taken in the car until it is about a year old in case it vomits over the seats.

8. What do you think the writer means by writing that puppies should be “encouraged to smell
people from an early age”?
a. Smelling humans will help the dog to know its owner’s distinctive smell; also, it will help the
dog to recognise those who dislike its owner.
b. Some dogs can detect diseases like cancer from a human’s smell. This might save someone’s
life.
c. Dogs spend their lives smelling things; learning to smell people is good training as a start.
d. Dogs have a highly developed sense of smell, and they rely on this more than sight, etc.
Associating familiar smells of close humans establishes a bond with their closest humans.

9. Decide whether the following comments are fact or opinion.

a. Dogs are a man’s best friend. ……………………………
b. Most dogs are carnivores. ……………………………
c. A badly-behaved dog is always the owner’s fault. ……………………………
d. Some breeds of dog are always dangerous. ……………………………

6. Arrange the following in their correct chronological order, according to the author:
Get the dog used to being in the car.
Be fully vaccinated.
Hear and see a vacuum cleaner and other household noises.

Page 6 of 57
Start meeting other dogs outside the home.
Emily Hollis reports
findings from a recent
survey investigating how we
spend our time.
Do you often wonder where
the hours in the day go or
feel that you never have
enough time? The UK Time
Use survey sought to
uncover exactly where the
24 hours in the day do go.
The survey did this by
breaking the day into 10
minute slots and asking
people aged 8 and over to
record how they spent their
time. Perhaps not
surprisingly, the survey
revealed that it is those
mundane daily activities –
sleeping, working, and
doing household chores –
that eat into our day and
leave us precious little time
for anything else.
Sleeping away a third of our
life
The survey discovered that
on average adults spend
over 8 hours a day sleeping
– almost 60 hours a week,
257 hours a month and
3,120 hours a year! Even
more of a child’s life is
spent asleep. Eight year olds
tend to sleep for nearly 11
hours a night. However,
How do we fill our day?
despite parents complaining
about
Teenagers not seeing
enough daylight, by the time
we become teenagers the
amount of time we spend
asleep in fact reduces to less
than 10 hours a night. Once
we reach our mid 20s we
sleep for less than 9 hours
and this doesn’t usually
increase until we’re drawing
our pension
It is not only the younger
and more elderly among us
who sleep for longer; on
average females spend a
little longer tucked up in
bed than males and this is
particularly true for 30 to 60
year olds. We all, however,
like to relax a little more at
the weekends and those
Sunday morning lie-ins
provide many of us with an
extra 43 minutes in bed.
What about when we’re
awake?
So if we’re sleeping for a
third of our life, that still
leaves us with two-thirds to
fill. How we spend our
waking hours seems to
largely depend on whether
it’s a weekday or not.
Monday to Friday certainly
involves more work, and
therefore less play, with
Page 7 of 57
many of us spending at least
6 hours a day at work or at
school. But it’s not all play
at the weekend; while we’re
working or studying during
the week we are letting the
dust build up at home and
end up spending more than
3 hours on a Saturday and
Sunday doing housework.
Women may spend a little
longer sleeping than men,
but this certainly doesn’t
make them lazy – they
spend nearly twice as long
as men doing household
chores – averaging 21 hours
a week. This means women
spend over one thousand
hours a year doing
housework! Luckily for the
youngsters amongst us,
most housework is done by
adults, but that is not to say
the kids are completely off
the hook. On average
children still help out
around the house for
approximately 45 minutes a
day – enough to earn the
 same amount of time in bed on Sunday!

1. Order these activities according to the amount of time we spend doing them.

Number them 1 to 4, starting with the one we do most.

work outside the house

leisure

eat / travel / dress / wash

sleep

2. Explain the order Emily Holis chose to report the different activities we do.

3. Using the information in the article, fill in the details missing from this table.

who time spent activity

most people at work / school

most people extra sleep on Sunday

11 hours per night

women housework

45 minutes per day helping at home

4. In the first paragraph the text says that mundane activities eat into our day

What does this expression mean?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 8 of 57
5. Which of the six paragraphs in the article do the following sentences summarise?

Summary Number of paragraph

The younger you are, the more you sleep.

Most people do some kind of work every day of

the week.
We spend little time at leisure.

Now write the summary for paragraph 5

6. Emily Hollis based her article on the formal report of the UK Time Use Survey.
How can you tell that she changed the style and tone of that formal report?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 9 of 57
Part 1

Questions 1–8
Read the text below.
For each number 1–8, circle the correct word on the next page.

My hobby: ice swimming

My name’s Jane, and I love ice swimming – swimming in water that’s 5°C or (0) .

Sometimes ice swimming pools are made by (1) the ice in a frozen lake. When I

started, I swam for just a few minutes, but now I can (2) in really cold water for

25 minutes. Ice swimming helps me (3) any problems I have, because I enjoy it so

much.

In competitions, we are (4) allowed to wear a swimming costume, hat and goggles.

Races are never more than one mile (1.6 kilometres) long. It’s dangerous to swim

(6) we’re healthy enough, and during the race there is someone (7) each

swimmer carefully. Afterwards, we get (8) by having a bath.

Page 10 of 57
Example

0 down about less

1 opening removing cutting [1]

2 stay keep put [1]

3 improve decide forget [1]

4 only yet quite [1]

5 larger further wider [1]

6 checks studies notes [1]

7 seeing looking watching [1]

8 cool fresh warm [1]

Page 11 of 57
 Part 2
Questions 9–13

Read the text in each question.

What does it say?
For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, or C.

Example

Andy would prefer to go sailing with Julia

onSaturday rather than on Sunday.
Julia B Andy can go sailing with Julia on Friday
Andy ifshe’s not free on Saturday.
Hello Julia
C Andy wants to go sailing with Julia on
bothSaturday and Sunday if possible.
I can’t have Friday off to go
sailing.I’m still available on both
Saturday and Sunday, but
Saturday is better. Let me know
what’s best for you.

9 Why did Lilia send this message?

A to offer help to her party guests

B to invite people to come to her party

C to tell her friends what to bring to

herparty

10 A You probably won’t see any wild

animals in the park.

B It is best not to bother the wild animals

National Park living in the park.
Wild animals will C Move quietly if you want to get close
ignore you
tothe wild animals.

Page 12 of 57
 Dear Granny,
11 A. Alessio is enjoying the scenery.

We’re having a great time B Alessio wants to try a new activity.

skiing. I keep asking Mum to
let me have a go at
snowboarding. It looks C Alessio thinks he’s getting better at
amazing. She says maybenext skiing.
year.

12 What will Sally do?

Jack
A let Jack know if they can’t go fishing with
I forgot to ask my dad about
fishing on Saturday, but it’ll be fine herfather
− we go every weekend. Come at 9 B persuade her father to take them fishing
a.m. unless you hear from me
before then.
C arrange for them to go fishing without
Sally
herfather

13 A There are a few problems with the campsite

facilities at the moment.
Campsite
B You’ll be in trouble with the manager if
Please inform the site youdamage something.
manager if you see damage
C The manager wants to know about anything
to any facilities. that’s broken.

Page 13 of 57
 Part 3

Questions 14–18

Complete the conversation between two

friends.What does Belinda say to Katy?
For questions 14–18, write the correct letter

A–H.Example

Katy: Hi Belinda. Are you free this Saturday?

Belinda: ……
H……

Katy: That’s OK. It’s the

afternoon Iwant to ask you
about. A What a great idea. I’ll ask Mum, but
I’msure it’s fine.
Belinda 14 ………… [1]
B OK. Shall I ask my parents to take me?
:Katy:
Would you like to come for a C Good. I prefer to go with you. Should
picnicwith me and my family? Ibring anything?
Belinda
15 ………… [1] D Really? Why’s that?
:Katy:
I hope so! We’ll leave at about E Yes, it’s beautiful there.
two,and be back by six.
F Great – I’ll do my homework in the
Belinda evening. Where exactly are you going?
16 ………… [1]
:Katy: G I can do that for you.
To a lake. It takes about 20
minutesin the car. H I’ve got a guitar lesson in the morning.
Belinda
17 ………… [1]
:Katy:
No, don’t worry. There’s space
inour car!
Belinda
18 ………… [1]
:Katy:
No! My mum will make enough
foodfor everyone!

Page 14 of 57
 Part 4

Questions 19–26
Complete the email below.
Write one word for each space.
There is an example at the beginning of the email.

To: Antonio

Daniel

Hi

Well I’m going to join it! (19) don’t you come too? All the

information about it is (20) the club’s website. You can see when

the meetings are, and (21) much it costs to be a member. There’s

also a form (22) must be completed by your parents.

I’m going to start at the club next Tuesday. My mum says that (23)

us in

the car. The meeting starts at six, so we’ll have (25) pick you up

at 5.30 p.m.

What (26) you think?

Daniel

Page 15 of 57
 Part 5

My grandmother and her books

A teenager remembers her grandmother’s love of reading.

My grandmother was a very keen reader. The book collection in her living room
was an incredible sight. The shelves went from floor to ceiling all along one wall,
and every shelf was full. When I was very young, I thought the books in that room
were holding up the ceiling. I used to stay with my grandmother in school holidays,
and when I was bored, I’d go and sit in that living room with her and choose
something to read from her shelves. By doing this, I discovered how to solve a
mystery, identify various illnesses and make delicious biscuits.

One afternoon, I discovered a very old book of my grandmother’s which she had
read when she was a child. It contained comments that she’d added herself. In one
chapter, the author gave his opinion on ‘The perfect hobbies for little girls.’ I was
quite unhappy to learn that my own favourites, collecting rocks and climbing trees,
were not considered suitable at the time the book was published.

A few years ago, when I was 11, my grandmother came to take care of me while
my parents were away for a few weeks. Knowing how much my grandmother
enjoyed reading, I wanted to give her the chance to read some of my books, so a
few days before her arrival, I selected my favourites from my bedroom, and
arranged them on a shelf in her room. I thought it would be the perfect welcome
gift. You can imagine how amazed I was when, no more than two days after she
arrived, my grandmother said ‘Don’t you have any normal books?’ Seeing the
confused look on my face, she continued. ‘Everything you have is about magic,
monsters and other strange creatures. Don’t you have anything about real people?’

I didn’t. The characters I loved fought monsters, had special powers, and lived in
worlds that only existed in books. My grandmother couldn’t understand this. Was I
trying to escape from reality, she asked? Not really. I was happy, and had a family I
loved. But those stories allowed me to think beyond my own life, and experience
challenges that l would never have. Now I’m a little older, I’ve developed a taste for
other types of book, but I still have the ones my grandmother disliked. Perhaps one
day I’ll have a book collection as big as hers.
Page 16 of 57
Questions 27–36

You are going to read an article about a girl and her grandmother, and their love of reading.
For questions 27–36, choose from the sections (A–D) and write the correct letter.
You may choose a letter more than once.

In which section does the writer …

explain why someone visited her? 27

talk about finding someone’s notes in a book that she read? 28

say that she was surprised by someone’s opinion of her books? 29

try to explain why she loved a type of book? 30

describe a place where books were usually kept? 31

say that the sort of books she likes has changed? 32

explain why she moved some of her books? 33

say she was upset about something she read in a book. 34

give a list of the things she learned from books? 35

describe the type of people she liked to read about when she was younger? 36

Page 17 of 57
 Part 6

Questions 37–42

Read the text and questions below.

For each question, circle the correct letter A, B, C or D.

The Natural History Museum

by 14-year-old Joe Wallace
I went to the Natural History Museum a lot with my family when I was younger, but I hadn’t been
for years until a friend mentioned it recently. I don’t know what made him think of it – maybe
those adverts that are always on TV during the school holidays. Anyway, he called one day when
there wasn’t much happening. I’d finished all the homework I had to do, and was tired of playing
computer games, so we got the bus there.
The museum’s enormous, so we got a map from a member of staff to help us decide what to see.
We wanted to start with the gallery that has a huge model of a whale, which is really famous, but
of course it was crowded in there. As we turned to walk away, we saw what looked like a really
big model of a mouth. There were some stairs going down into it, and we both said we had to see
what was there. The sign said ‘Red Zone’.
After that, we tried the Earth Gallery. I never visited this area with my parents as I was too young
for it. That’s certainly not true now. It’s just full of stones, which you might think sounds a bit
boring, but they looked amazing under the lights. I really wanted to pick up some of the stones,
but of course that wasn’t possible.
Next came the Treasures Gallery, which contains twenty objects that the museum considers to be
the most incredible in its collection. This includes a few pages from some of the world’s most
expensive books, and a penguin egg collected on an expedition to Antarctica. It was brought back
as part of an investigation into birds which can’t fly. We were amazed by the story behind it,and
after I got home I looked it up online.
We really enjoyed the museum. It hasn’t changed much since I was a child, but that doesn’t
mean I won’t go again.
37 Why did Joe decide to visit the Natural History Museum?

A He was bored when his friend suggested it.

B He saw an advertisement for it.

C He needed information for a school project.

D He had happy memories of going there as a child.

38 Why did Joe and his friend go into the Red Zone?

A It was the first place they saw.

B The entrance looked interesting.

C There weren’t many people in there.

D It was recommended by a member of staff.

Page 18 of 57
39 What does Joe say about the Earth Gallery?

A It’s in a beautiful part of the building.

B You can touch the objects in this room.

C It’s an interesting place for older children.

D You can see many different types of objects there.

40 Joe says that one object in the Treasures Gallery

A costs more than anything else in the museum.

B made him want to find out more about its history.

C hasn’t yet been studied by scientists.

D is the only example of its type in the world.

41 What did Joe write in his diary on the day he visited the Natural History Museum?

A B I’m so glad my parents

I loved this museum, but
the map and signs didn’t
help us find our way
around very well.
C Some of the things in this
museum are brilliant. It’s
amazing how many
objects they have,
considering that it’s not very
big.
took my friend and me to
the museum today. My
favourite part was the
model of the whale.
D I understand now why
people go to the museum
more than once. It’s
impossible to see
everything in one visit, and
your interests change over
time anyway.

42 What is Joe explaining in this text?

A how museums can get more teenagers to visit

B which changes should be made to the museum

C when teenagers should visit the museum

D what it is like to visit the museum

Page 19 of 57
Vocabulary

Q1 See how many you can complete! The first 2 letters of each word are given – all you need to do is decide
which word best suits the context.

1. In some areas in the United States, there are complete cities that have been
ab________________________________, there’s no one living there at all.

2. Steve Jobs made a fo______________ from his software business. I think it was easily more than a billion
dollars!

3. He lost a li______________ in the accident, but he’s lucky it wasn’t worse. He could have died!

4. The meeting was po__________________________ until next week because the Managing Director is on
leave this week.

5. He didn’t get a High School qu_______________________ because he left before graduation.

Q2.Dictation

1. Reena felt _______________________at her new school.

2. The room was small and_______________________________________.

3. The children listened carefully as the teacher gave the ____________________.

4. Simran felt a little nervous about walking on the__________________________ beam.

5. Mum_____________________________ my arm to make it feel better.

6. There is a large________________________ behind my house.

7. The driver started the____________________________ and drove away.

8. When choosing a new bed, _______________________________ is many people’s main concern.

9. Jane is going to play her_________________________________ at the concert.

10. Lilly ____________________________the dancer’s movements carefully.

11. Ali _______________________a different route, in order to avoid walking in the mud.

12. You can make your own ___________________from salt and boiling water.

Page 20 of 57
13. Some dogs respond to_____________________________, but others prefer to be called by name.

14. The______________________________ was very clear about what we needed to do.

15. Alex was encouraged to read with more_______________________________.

16. Some_____________________________________ live both on land and in water.

17. The design was not perfect but, after a few____________________________, it worked well.

18. Pets often become________________________________ when there are loud noises.

19. ____________________________I became more skilled at skateboarding.

20. The________________________________________ wrote about the school’s fancy dress

competition.

Page 21 of 57
 accede verb [ak-seed]
:to give consent, approval, or adherence; agree; assent
1 Management was not willing to accede to labor's initial demands.
accomplish verb [uh-kom-plish]
:to bring about (a result) by effort; to bring to completion
2 We can accomplish the job in an hour.
aerial adjective [air-ee-uhl]
:of, in, or produced by the air, inhabiting or frequenting the air.
3 The aerial photographs clearly showed the damage caused by the storm.
aggravate verb [ag-ruh-veyt]
: to make worse or more severe; to annoy; irritate
4 His questions aggravate her.
aggregate adjective [ag-ri-git, -geyt; verb ag-ri-geyt]
:The total sum or mass of something
Martin looked at his bank accounts in aggregate to completely understand how much
5 money he had.
anachronism noun [ə-ˈna-krə-ˌni-zəm]
:something or someone that is not in its correct historical or chronological
time, esp. a thing or person that belongs to an earlier time
6 The sword is an anachronism in modern warfare.
ancient adjective [eyn-shuhnt]
:Very old, or lasting a long time.
7 We found some ancient dinosaur bones on our trip to the desert.
appearance noun [uh-peer-uhns]
:the way someone or something looks
8 The room has an untidy appearance.
approximate adjective [uh-prok-suh-meyt]
:Nearly correct or exact
9 Her approximate weight is seventy pounds.
asphalt noun [as-fawlt]
:a mixture of such substances with gravel, crushed rock, or the like, used for paving.
10 The asphalt used to waterproof the concrete has also begun to deteriorate.

belie verb [bi-ˈlī, bē-]

:to show to be false; contradict
11 Her seeming kindness could belie her deceit.
belligerence noun [buh-lij-er-uh ns]
:a warlike or aggressively hostile nature, condition, or attitude.
12 His belligerence did not take him very far.
cauliflower noun [kaw-luh-flou-er]
:a vegetable with a head of white, fleshy flower clusters.
13 This cauliflower is very tasty in soup.

Page 22 of 57
 centripetal adjective [sen-trip-i-tl]
:directed toward the center
14
I was surprised when I saw that the water was not spilled when it was swung around ina
circle, but then I learned that centripetal force kept it inside.
chronicle noun [kron-i-kuhl]
15 :a chronological record of events; a history.
We read a chronicle of the American Civil War.
chrysanthemum noun [kri-ˈsan(t)-thə-məm]
:any cultivated variety of the plant C. morifolium, native to China, and of
other species of Chrysanthemum, notable for the diversity of color and
16 size of their autumnal flowers.
Yellow or white Chrysanthemum flowers are boiled to make a sweet drink in some
parts of Asia.
civilization noun [siv-uh-luh-zey-shuhn]
17 :an advanced stage of social development; culture, sophistication
Ancient Mesopotamia is widely considered to be the cradle of civilization.
clandestine adjective [klan-ˈdes-tən also -ˌtīn or -ˌtēn or ˈklan-dəs-]
:characterized by, done in, or executed with secrecy or concealment, esp.for
18
purposes of subversion or deception; private or surreptitious
Their clandestine meetings went undiscovered for two years.
clientele noun [klahy-uhn-tel, klee-ahn- ]
:the clients or customers, as of a professional person or shop, considered
19
collectively; a group or body of clients
This jewelry store has a wealthy clientele.
collaborate noun [kuh-lab-uh-reyt]
20 :work with others
The two authors did not collaborate very well when writing the article.
collateral noun [kuh-lat-er-uh l]
21 : security pledged for the payment of a loan
He gave the bank some stocks as collateral for the money he borrowed.
commencement noun [kuh-mens-muhnt]
22 :a graduation ceremony
The speeches at the commencement were very inspiring to the graduates.
compulsory adjective [kuhm-puhl-suh-ree]
23 :Required by or as if by law
It is compulsory that we wear the right uniform at school.
conscientious adjective [kon-shee-en-shuhs]
:Always attempting to do the right thing.
24
Joe is a very conscientious person who always double-checks his work to ensure it is
complete.

Page 23 of 57
 contiguous adjective [kuhn-tig-yoo-uhs]
25 :in close proximity without actually touching; near.
Spain is contiguous with Portugal and France.
corroborate verb [kuh-rob-uh-reyt]
26 : to make more certain; confirm
The goal was to corroborate the decision between them.
credentials noun [kri-den-shuhl]
27 :something that gives a title to credit or confidence
His list of credentials was far more impressive than his competitor’s.
deficiency noun [di-ˈfi-shən-sē]
:The state of being deficient; lack; incompleteness; insufficiency.
28
A deficiency of the vitamin is often marked by anemia resulting from the destruction ofred
blood cells.
demagogue noun [dem-uh-gog, -gawg]
:A person, esp. an orator or political leader, who gains power and popularityby
29 arousing the emotions, passions, and prejudices of the people.
That politician is just a demagogue who preys upon people’s fears and prejudices.
despoil verb [dih-spoil]
30 :to strip of possessions, things of value, etc.; rob; plunder; pillage.
The oil spill will despoil the ocean's beauty.
deterrent adjective [dih-tur-uhnt, -tuhr-, -ter- ]
31 :Able or acting to deter
Auto security system is a good deterrent against thieves stealing your car.
didactic adjective [dahy-dak-tik]
:intended for instruction; instructive inclined to teach or lecture others too
32
much
He was a boring, didactic speaker.
diurnal adjective [dahy-ur-nl]
33 :of or pertaining to a day or each day
Diurnal animals such, as swallows, do a majority of their feeding during the day.
divestiture noun [dih-ves-ti-cher]
34 :the act of divesting, the state of being divested.
Before the divestiture, the telephone company monopolized the state.
edible adjective [ed-uh-buhl]
:Suitable or safe for eating
35
The park ranger taught us how to distinguish the edible berries from the poisonous
ones.
egalitarian adjective [ih-gal-i-tair-ee-uhn]
:Asserting, resulting from, or characterized by belief in the equality of all
36
people
America was founded on the egalitarian belief that all people are created equal.

Page 24 of 57
 emphatic adjective [em-fat-ik]
37 :Uttered, or to be uttered, with emphasis; strongly expressive.
They were emphatic about their political differences.
enthusiasm noun [en-thoo-zee-az-uhm]
:great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause
38
Her enthusiasm for Harry Potter books was evident after she read the entire series in
one week!
entourage noun [ahn-too-rahzh]
39 :a group of attendants, associates or followers
The football team’s entourage included several trainers and a medical doctor.
epidermis noun [ep-i-dur-mis]
:the outer, nonvascular, nonsensitive layer of the skin, covering the true skinor
40 corium.
Retinol plumps skin, thickens the epidermis, improves texture and blood circulation andrepairs the
signs of sun damage.
epilogue noun [ep-uh-lawg, -log]
41 :a concluding part added to a literary work, as a novel. Please
read the epilogue, it is an important part of the story.
ergonomic adjective [ur-guh-nom-iks]
:The applied science of equipment design, as for the workplace, intended to
42
maximize productivity by reducing operator fatigue and discomfort.
Use of ergonomic computer keyboards might help prevent injuries to your hands.
euphemism noun [ˈyü-fə-ˌmi-zəm]
: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may
43
offend or suggest something unpleasant; also : the expression so substituted
The word "passing" is a euphemism for death.
evanescent adjective [ev-uh-nes-uhnt]
44 :vanishing; fading away; fleeting.
Aphrodite's beauty was said to be greater than that of an evanescent sunset.
explosive adjective [ik-sploh-siv]
45 :Volatile, dangerous
Fireworks are explosive goods and are prohibited to be taken on board an airplane.
fastidious adjective [fa-ˈsti-dē-əs, fə-]
46 :excessively particular, critical, or demanding; hard to please
She was a very a fastidious eater.
fictitious adjective [fik-tish-uhs]
47 :Characterized by fiction; imaginary
To protect his identity, he used a fictitious name.

Page 25 of 57
 foreigner noun [fawr-uh-ner]
: a person not native to or naturalized in the country under consideration;
48 alien
He like the new country he was living in even though he was a foreigner.

formidable adjective [fawr-mi-duh-buhl]

:Causing fear, dread, or apprehension
49
Heavy snowstorms create a formidable challenge for inexperienced drivers.

frequency noun [free-kwuhn-see]

:commonness, repetitiveness
50
The frequency of lightning increased as the thunderstorm moved closer.

futurity noun [fyoo-toor-i-tee]

:a future state or condition; a future event, possibility, or prospect
51
John thought deeply, happily, and anxiously about a futurity of unknown adventures.

gregarious adjective [gri-gair-ee-uhs]

:sociable; liking to be with other people
52
The gregarious child made friends easily.

grotesque adjective [groh-tesk]

:odd or unnatural in shape, appearance, or character; fantastically ugly or
absurd; bizarre.
53 The statues had been carved to represent evil spirits and had the most grotesque
faces, complete with horns and bulging eyes

guarantee noun [gar-uhn-tee]

:a warranty, pledge or promise given by way of security
54
The watch manufacturer offers a 2-year guarantee against defects.

hideous adjective [hid-ee-uh s]

: horrible or frightful to the senses; repulsive; very ugly
55
The hideous monster frightened her.

homogeneous adjective [hoh-muh-jee-nee-uhs]

:composed of parts or elements that are all of the same kind
56
The group of marbles is very homogeneous in that it has all blue marbles of the samesize.

hydraulic adjective [hahy-draw-lik, -drol-ik]

:Operated, moved or effected by means of water
57
A hydraulic lift was used to raise the car so that the mechanic could change the tires.

Page 26 of 57
58 idiosyncrasy noun [i-dē-ə-ˈsiŋ-krə-sē]
:a characteristic, habit, mannerism, or the like, that is peculiar to an individual.
All people have at least one idiosyncrasy that makes them a little different.

59 immobilize verb [ih-moh-buh-lahyz]

: to prevent the use, activity, or movement of
He used a cast to immobilize the broken arm.

incandescent adjective [in-kuhn-des-uhnt]

60 :intensely bright; brilliant; emitting light as a result of being heated to a high
temperature; redhot or white-hot
The tunnel was lit by three rows of incandescent electric lamps on the roof.
61 incautious adjective [in-kaw-shuhs]
:not cautious; careless; reckless; heedless.
However, you should also keep in mind that even experienced students may bewounded or offended
by incautious remarks.
62
inconvenience noun [in-kuh n-veen-yuh ns]
: the quality or state of being inconvenient
It was an inconvenience to go to the store.

63
incorruptible adjective [in-kuh-ruhp-tuh-buhl]
:Incapable of corruption; honest; honorable
Although he was often offered bribes, the police chief was incorruptible.

64
incredible adjective [in-kred-uh-buhl]
:Marvelous, beyond belief
You told an incredible story about outrunning an alligator.

65
jojoba noun [hoh-hoh-buh]
:a shrub or small tree
Jojoba foliage provides year-round food opportunity for many animals.

66 juggernaut noun [juhg-er-nawt,-not]

:any large, overpowering, destructive force or object, as war, a giant
battleship, or a powerful football team.
There was no escaping the juggernaut of hype for the studio’s biggest summer
blockbuster.
67 kaleidoscope noun [khu-lahy-duh-skohp]
:an optical instrument in which bits of glass, held loosely at the end of a
rotating tube, are shown in continually changing symmetrical forms by
reflection in two or more mirrors set at angles to each other.
The landing was a kaleidoscope of changing colors.

Page 27 of 57
 karaoke noun [kar-ee-oh-kee]
:A music entertainment system providing prerecorded accompaniment to
68 popular songs that a performer sings live, usually by following the words on a
video screen.
Karaoke is very popular in bars in Asian countries such as Japan, China and Taiwan.

69 klipspringer noun [klip-spring-er]

:a small, agile African antelope
A klipspringer is a relatively small animal compared to some of its larger antelopecousins.

70 laughable adjective [laf-uh-buhl, lah-fuh- ]

:Easily made fun of.
Both the clown’s costume as well as his antics were laughable.

71 legislature noun [lej-is-ley-cher]

:a group of people who make laws
The state legislature passed many bills during their session last year.

manuscript noun [man-yuh-skript]

72 :a book or article that is typewritten or in handwriting.
The manuscript you submitted to the book publisher is well-written and original.

matriarch noun [mey-tree-ahrk]

73 :a woman who rules or dominates a family, group, or state
Jimmy’s grandmother is the matriarch of her family; everybody respects her authority.

melee noun [mey-ley]

74 : confusion; turmoil; jumble
The melee of shopping made everyone feel crazy.

mercurial adjective [mer-kyoor-ee-uhl]

75 :changeable; volatile; fickle; flighty; erratic animated; lively; sprightly
The mercurial patient had mood swings frequently.

mesmerize verb [mez-muh-rahyz, mes- ]

76 :attract strongly as with a magnet, to hypnotize
The magician was able to mesmerize the young audience with the intricate magictricks.

metamorphosis noun [me-tə-ˈm r-fə-səs]

:a marked or complete change of character, appearance, condition, etc.
77
The butterfly kit allows a child to see the complete metamorphosis from larvae tobutterfly, both an
exciting and wonderful learning experience.

Page 28 of 57
 microcosm noun [mahy-kruh-koz-uhm]
:anything that is regarded as a world in miniature human beings, humanity,
78 society, or the like, viewed as an epitome or miniature of the world or
universe.
A college is a microcosm of the larger community.

miscellaneous adjective [mi-sə-ˈlā-nē-əs, -nyəs]

79 :consisting of members or elements of different kinds; of mixed character:
He checked out a book from the library of miscellaneous essays on American history.

neutralize verb [noo-truh-lahyz, nyoo- ]

:to counteract the activity or effect of; make ineffective
80
After Joe spilled bleach on carpet, he searched for ways he could neutralize the spillbefore his mom
noticed.

olfactory adjective [ol-fak-tuh-ree]

81
: of or pertaining to the sense of smellOne olfactory organ is the nose.

opossum noun [uh-pos-uhm]

82 :a prehensile-tailed marsupial
The opossum hung upside down and played dead.

ostensible adjective [o-sten-suh-buhl]

83 : outwardly appearing as such; professed; pretendedAn ostensible cheerfulness concealed his
sadness.

pamphlet noun [pam-flit]

:a brief essay, usually on a subject of current interest; a thin booklet with a
84
paper cover.
The doctor gave the patient a pamphlet which provided an overview of differenttreatments.

parfait noun [pahr-fey]

85 :a frozen dessert of ice cream, syrup, fruit, and other flavorings served in a tallglass.
The restaurant served a fruit parfait with sugar cookies for dessert.

paucity noun [paw-si-tee]

86 :smallness of quantity; scarcity; scantiness
There was a paucity of intelligent answers to that question.

pedagogy noun [ped-uh-goh-jee, -goj-ee]

87 :the function or work of a teacher; teaching.
I'm very interested in pedagogy, I want to be a teacher when I'm older.

Page 29 of 57
 permeate verb [ˈpər-mē-ˌāt]
88 :to pass into or through every part of
Bright sunshine permeated the room.

perspective noun [per-spek-tiv]

89 :The relative importance of facts or matters from any special point of view.
You should gain a broader perspective on the situation before making a decision.

pharmacy noun [fahr-muh-see]

90 :The art or business of compounding and dispensing medicines.
The doctor will write a prescription which you can fill at your local pharmacy.

phenomenon noun [fi-nom-uh-non, -nuhn]

91 :a rare or significant fact or even; a remarkable development.
Glaciers are a unique and interesting natural phenomenon.

philanthropy noun [fi-lan-thruh-pee]

:altruistic concern for human welfare and advancement, usually manifested
by donations of money, property, or work to needy persons, byendowment
92
of institutions of learning and hospitals, and by generosity of other socially
useful purposes.
The family’s philanthropy made it possibly to build the public library.

pique noun [peek]

93 : to excite (interest, curiosity, etc)
Pique the curiosity of my perspective audience.

plateau noun [pla-toh]

:a land area having a relatively level surface considerably raised above
94
adjoining land on at least one side, and often cut by deep canyons.
The red cliffs of the Colorado Plateau tower over the Mojave desert.

plethora noun [pleth-er-uh]

95 :overabundance; excess
My sister has had a plethora of interviews and I believe that she'll be working soon.

pneumonia noun [noo-mohn-yuh]

96 : inflammation of the lungs with congestion
The doctor said that she had a severe case of pneumonia and had to stay in bed.

potpourri n n [p -p -ˈrē]
:mixture of dried petals of roses or other flowers with spices, kept in a jar for
97
their fragrance.
I also have some potpourri made from the dozens of the roses she gave me.

Page 30 of 57
 predecessor noun [pred-uh-ses-er]
:a person who precedes another in an office, position, etc. something
98
succeeded or replaced by something else
The mayor strongly criticized the spending policies of his predecessor.

pumpernickel noun [puhm-per-nik-uhl]

99 :bread made of coarse rye flour
I like pumpernickel bagels.

questionnaire noun [kwes-chuh-nair]

:a list of questions, usually printed, submitted for replies that can be analyzed
100
for usable information: a questionnaire used in market research.
Thank you for completing the questionnaire.

quetzal noun [ket-sahl]

101 :A Central American bird
As we left the lodge, we saw a majestic male quetzal from the bus!

quixotic adjective [kwik-sot-ik]

:extravagantly chivalrous or romantic; visionary, impractical, or impracticable.
102
impulsive and often rashly unpredictable.
At worst his scruples must have been quixotic, not malicious.

reign noun [reyn]

103 :to have control, rule, or influence of any kind.
Once his father passes away, Price Nicholas will reign over the kingdom.

repertoire noun [rep-er-twahr, -twawr, rep-uh- ]

:the list of dramas, operas, parts, pieces, etc., that a company, actor, singer,or
104
the like, is prepared to perform.
Could you broaden the repertoire of your church choir?
rhubarb noun [roo-bahrb]
:the edible, fleshy leafstalks of rhabarbarum, used in making pies and
105
preserves
For dessert, he chose the strawberry cake with rhubarb sauce.

roughhewn adjective [ruhf-hyoo]

106 :Unfinished, not polished
The walls are particularly low and narrow and made of roughhewn rock.

salmonella noun [sal-muh-nel-uh]

:any of several rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacteria of the genus
Salmonella, as S. typhosa, that may enter the digestive tract of humans and
107
other mammals in contaminated food and cause abdominal pains and violent
diarrhea.
In the last two years, 13 people have contracted salmonella from pet reptiles

Page 31 of 57
 saxophone noun [sak-suh-fohn]
108 :a woodwind musical instrument
He has played the saxophone in a jazz band for almost 20 years.

scarcity noun [ˈsker-sə-tē]

:insufficiency or shortness of supply; dearth.
109
In view of the increasing scarcity of landfill sites, the recycling of such materials is animportant
issue.

scheme noun [skeem]

110 : a plan, design or program of action to be followed
The bank also operates a small unfunded pension scheme.

semantics noun [si-man-tiks ]

:the study of meaning
111
We are talking about the same thing in different words, so let’s stop arguing over
semantics.
specific adjective [spi-sif-ik]
:Definite or exact
112
Now that I have finished my presentation to the audience, I will answer some specific
questions.

stagnant adjective [stag-nuhnt ]

113 :Not flowing in a current or stream; not active.
Because the pool’s filter was broken the pool was filled with dirty, stagnant water.

succulent adjective [suhk-yuh-luhnt]

:full of juice; juicy.
114
Our method should help you produce a truly tasty turkey with especially succulent
meat.
sufficiently adjective [suh-fish-uhnt]
:Enough, adequate
115
Because the teacher did not sufficiently explain the homework assignment, thestudents were
confused.

surfeit noun [sur-fit]

116 :excess; an excessive amount
Problems arise because in our modern affluent society there is a surfeit of food.

susceptible adjective [suh-sep-tuh-buh]

: accessible or especially liable or subject to some influence, mood, agency,
117
etc.
The statue was susceptible to rust.

Page 32 of 57
 tantalize verb [tan-tl-ahyz]
118 :to tease
Movie previews are used to tantalize moviegoers.

tertiary adjective [tur-shee-er-ee, tur-shuh-ree]

:Of third rank, degree or importance.
119
Following high-school graduation, Mary attended DePaul University to complete her
tertiary education.

ubiquitous adjective [yoo-bik-wi-tuhs]

120 :existing or being everywhere, esp. at the same time; omnipresent
The ubiquitous mosquitos are inevitable in the rain seasons.

unanimous adjective [yoo-nan-uh-muhs]

:Showing complete agreement with no one opposed
121
After a very busy school year, everyone in the family made the unanimous decision totake a
vacation.

unenforceable adjective
122 : not capable of being brought about by compulsion
Congress passed an unenforceable law according to the local police.

usurp verb [y -ˈsərp also -ˈzərp]

:to seize and hold (a position, office, power, etc.) by force or without legal
123
right
He will usurp and take his brother's throne.

vacillate verb \ vas-uh-leyt \

124 :to waver in mind or opinion; be indecisive or irresolute
His tendency to vacillate makes him a poor leader.

waspish adjective \ wos-pish \

125 :like or suggesting a wasp, esp. in behavior.
Extremely waspish, she uses her wit viciously when irritated.

Page 33 of 57
Punctuation

I. Punctuating Sentences

Keep practicing your punctuation and it'll start to come naturally like a duck to pancakes....

Q1 Add question marks or full stops to punctuate the following sentences correctly:

a) Tyrone asked if the cake was nice.......

b) Are you going to Shelley's party.......

c) Julian wished he was better at chess.......

d) Would you like ketchup or brown sauce.......

e) Adam wanted to know if the bread was mouldy......

Q2 Correct the punctuation errors in the passage below so that the capital letters and sentence
endings are correct:

My name is Beatrix. There aren't many famous people called Beatrix, but the Netherlands

used to be ruled by queen beatrix. Her Reign lasted for over thirty Years, until she abdicated

in april 2013.

Beatrix is also the name of a Famous writer that i love called Beatrix Potter! she was an

english author who wrote about animals and the Countryside her most famous character is

named peter rabbit-he's a Rabbit that gets into lots of Trouble.

However, my favourite story about rabbits is called 'Watership Down'. people often question

if a Book all about rabbits would be enjoyable? Interestingly, everyone I know thinks it's

amazing. Unfortunately, it's not by Beatrix potter.

Page 34 of 57
II. Commas

Let's get to grips with those pesky commas- they're not as coma-inducing as they seem...

Q1 Add commas in the correct places in the sentences below:

a) I'd like to see Jane Phil and Peter after assembly.

b) Mary found it difficult to concentrate. Nevertheless she struggled on.

c) He's certain it's the right thing to do. However I'm not so sure.

d) Ice cream and chocolate sauce fish and chips and bangers and mash are all good
combinations.

e) Metals are good conductors but non-metals are good insulators.

f) Peter's favourite colours are pink dark yellow and green.

g) There will be some big news this week so be sure to check the noticeboards.

h) We could go to bed or we could watch another film.

Q2 Add commas to separate the extra information in the sentences below:

a) My great grandmother who's ninety-six can remember the war.

b) Mr Green's car which is very new and shiny has got a big scratch on it.

c) Afia one of my best friends is a very bad dancer.

d) Anaconda which is a very long word is extremely difficult to spell.

Q3. Correct the punctuation errors in the passage below so that the commas are in the correct
places:

Mrs Badu who is my teacher, brought her rabbit, into school yesterday. It has fluffy long

white fur and is very, friendly. I don't really like rabbits but I loved Mrs Badu's rabbit. It was

so cute, with its floppy ears big eyes, and long whiskers. Mrs Badu, even let me hold the

rabbit for a bit. However I was worried that it might be dirty so I made sure I washed my

hands afterwards.

Page 35 of 57
III. Colons and Semicolons

Colons and semicolons are pretty tricky and people often make mistakes with them..

Q1. Add colons in the correct places in the sentences below:

a) Jackie loves Christmas she always gets loads of presents.

b) Rosie was giggling Simon's joke was really funny.

c) Dogs are very lazy all they do is sleep all day.

d) There are two major problems with the act the jokes aren't funny, and we can't hear him.

Q2. Add semicolons in the correct places in the sentences below:

a) Ben has blue shoes Tony's shoes are red.

b) Shopping is probably more tiring than playing

c) I enjoy many hobbies: playing the violin, which my mum got me into playing chess, as it's
a good mental challenge and football, because it's a good way to keep fit.

d) You are very good at playing the piano you must practice a lot.

Q3 Use the dotted line to explain the difference in meaning between the following two
sentences:

a) The street emptied; the sheriff walked into town.

b) The street emptied: the sheriff walked into town.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q4 Choose between a colon and a semicolon to complete the following sentences:

a) You'll need to bring four things.... a packed lunch, drinks, spare clothes and a sunhat.

b) We've had to cancel after-school hockey practice.... there's a shortage of light.

c) My parents had to go to a meeting with Mrs Lawrence, the Head of English..... Mr Kemp,
my headteacher.... Mr Burton, my head of year .... and Jane Wood, the school counsellor.

Page 36 of 57
IV. Brackets and Dashes

Sorry-must dash, but I'll leave you to have a go at these brackets and dashes questions...

Q1. Add a pair of brackets to each of the sentences below:

a) It was too hot between 32 °C and 34 °C to do any exercise.

b) The twins Miles and Maisy were very loud.

c) You should read the FAQs frequently asked questions before contacting us.

d) My birthday 26th July is my favourite day of the year.

e) Pumas a type of big cat are very good hunters.

Q2 Add dashes in the correct places in the following sentences:

a) The swimmers were very calm until they saw the shark.

b) The model an enormous dinosaur skeleton was a big hit at the museum

c) Johnny was not being sarcastic at all or was he?

d) The Battle of Titan Hill was the most important battle in November if not the whole war.

Q3Choose either brackets or dashes to complete the following sentences:

a) Everyone was very relaxed .... until they noticed the huge spider.
Tip: Some of the
b) My new neighbours .... Sue and Morris .... are very friendly.
sentences work with
c) ASAP as soon as possible.... is a very common acronym. the brackets or
dashes
d) I always get lots of cards on February 14th.... Valentine's Day....

Q4 Read the statements below and write 'true' or 'false' on the dotted lines:

a) Brackets are also known as parentheses.

b) A sentence shouldn't make sense with the information in brackets removed.

c) Dashes should always be used in pairs.

d) A single dash means you should pause when reading.

Page 37 of 57
e) Brackets should always be used in pairs.

f) Brackets should only contain a maximum of two words.

V. Hyphens

As we've seen, dashes are mega-exciting. Hyphens are a bit less fun, but they're still very
important. Use these questions to learn when you should, and shouldn't, use them...

Q1 Circle the correct option in each of the following sentences:

a) My dad says he's having a mid-life / mid life crisis.

b) That wouldn't happen in real-life/ real life.

c) I'm a part-time / part time employee.

d) My parrot is twenty-seven / twenty seven years old.

Tip: Some words will
Q2 Add the prefix in brackets to each of these words: need a hyphen.

a) (ex) husband d) (re) emerge

b) (self) confident e) (re) read

c) (extra) ordinary f) (under) estimate

Q3 Complete the table below:

Word This word needs a hyphen because...

re-cover ……………………………………………………………………………………..

pro-British ……………………………………………………………………………………..

co-own ……………………………………………………………………………………..

Q4 Write down what each noun phrase means:

a) a man-eating shark…………………………………………………………………………...

b) a man eating shark…………………………………………………………………………...

c) a new-car salesman…………………………………………………………………………...

d) a new car-salesman…………………………………………………………………………..

Page 38 of 57
VI. Apostrophes-Moving on to apostrophes now these ones are used to show when words
are missing a certain something... like letters. So keep an eye out for missing letters in these
questions...

Q1 Add an apostrophe to the words in italics to complete these sentences:

a) I think thats the best thing that ever happened to me.

b) You dont all have to shout at once.

c) Youre the fastest worker I ever saw.

d) When they finish, theyll come over here.

e) I can't believe you remembered my birthday. Do you know whos won the cup?

Q2. Use apostrophes to make shortened forms of the words in italics. Write your answers on
the dotted lines:

a) You know you cannot ride a unicycle without falling off. ……………………………

b) If Jo asks Simon, he will definitely take us………………………………………….

c) That is all, folks!....................................

d) We are going out to the cinema later…………………………….

e) It does not seem likely that he knows……………………………….

Q3 Match each short form below with its correct long form. The first one has been done for
you:

you're he is/ he has

they're is not

I've are not

haven't they are

it's it is / it has

aren't you are

he's I have

isn't have not

Page 39 of 57
Q4 Circle either 'lets' or 'let's' to complete these sentences:

a) Lets / Let's have fish fingers and peas for tea tonight.

b) We'll have to see if Mum lets / let's us stay up to watch it.

c) Let's / Lets go out to the cinema.

These apostrophes are a bit more possessive than the previous ones. But don't take any stick from them -
show them who's boss by whizzing through these questions...

Q5Add apostrophes in the correct places to complete these sentences:

a) Pass Mums bag over.

b) Bills football kit is filthy.

c) Ann is Elizabeths mum.

d) Leave Jacks things alone.

e) It's the ladies turn to go first.

f) That's the mices house.

g) Put all the babies pictures together.

h) Mrs Jacksons class is taking assembly.

i) Give me Janes homework.

j) Copy the work out of Toms book.

k) The other childrens parents were nice.

1) The womens dresses were all the same.

Apostrophes are only little fellas, but they're super important. Keep going just a few more...

Q6 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences. Write out the sentences correctly on the dotted lines
underneath:

a) I've got my lunch, but I didnt pick your's up

.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Jon said the book was his', but Sunita said it was her's.

Page 40 of 57
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) I'm sure its hurt; it's got its wing hanging down.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Toms drawing is bigger, but I think mine's better.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) They'll perform their's first, and then we'll do ours' when they're finished.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

VII. Inverted Commas

Inverted commas can make punctuation pretty tricky, but it's important to get them right.

Q1 Add inverted commas in the correct places to complete these sentences:

a) Have you got the sheepdog back yet ? asked Jeremy

b) I'm sorry, I replied, I don't know the answer to that

c) The children looked bored, so I asked, Would you like to go to the park?

d) Stop pulling my hair ! screamed Alice

e) Naz , if you don't give Adam's shoes back , he yelled , you'll regret it .

Q2 Add inverted commas and punctuation correctly to the sentences below:

a) What would you like to do this weekend asked Melanie

b) Please remind me said Tim that I need to be home for tea at six

c) I can't do it exclaimed Julia

d) Personally added Steve I'm not really a big fan of vegetables

Page 41 of 57
Q3 Add the correct punctuation in the passage below:

As soon as Sophie went downstairs, her dad asked her if she was all right?

I'm fine said Sophie. It's just these horrible nightmares. She asked her dad if she looked tired?

I don't think so her dad replied, although he thought she looked exhausted.

Maybe I'll take a nap later - hopefully that will give me a bit of colour. mumbled Sophie as she left.

VIII. Mixed Questions

A selection of mixed punctuation questions on this page. Time to get practicing...

Q1 Read the passage below. Insert full stops and capital letters so that the passage is punctuated correctly.
The first one has been done for you:

last summer, we went on holiday to spain we went in july, so the weather was beautiful my favourite thing

about spain is the food love the traditional spanish dishes like paella the best place to trypaella is in

madrid one weekend we went there to meet some friends the knox family we ate at a restaurant called

'tavernita' i get onreally well with the knox family, especially the two older boys (johnny and ollie) it's a

shame that we only ever really see them at christmas

Q2 Choose between a question and an exclamation mark to complete these sentences:

a) How can you say that ? / ! d) Where is the emergency stop button? / !

b) Watch out ? / ! e) Empty your pockets right now ? / !

c) Is this legal ? / ! f)What is the meaning of this ? / !

Q3 These sentences contain some comma mistakes. Circle the commas that are incorrect and add in
commas where they're missing:

a) Let me know, if you want to come.

b) My elder sister who is a nurse has a lot of experience, in this area

Page 42 of 57
c) There are many new songs, several of which, are different from the

d) I met a lot of interesting people some of whom, I really liked.

e) My computer, which is really old isn't working this morning.

f) She mentioned several things, that were bothering her.

Q4 Add colons in the correct places to complete these sentences:

a)"There's something else you don't know I hate rice pudding."

b)"I'll tell you how the other team beat us they cheated from start to finish.”

c) You will need the following sugar, egg whites, cream, melted chocolate.

Q5. Circle all of the mistakes in the passage below by rewriting above that particular word or phrase:

On wednesday Malcolm are celebrating her sixteenth birthday, so he and me going to the cinema. We

thought about inviting Emily, therefore she's going holiday to france that day and can't come. However,

I'm sure we'll have eat time anyway. I've already bought his present, who is going to be a big rise. It's a

navy, blue football, shirt, with the number three in the back-that’s his lucky number. He ain't a big

football fan, but when he was talking to Liam, whose mad about the sport, Malcolm said he'd like a

football shirt. I can't wait to see him open his present - he's not going to have no idea what it is.

Q6.The tenses in the passage below aren't consistent. Rewrite it with the correct tense

Last Saturday, Hootle Village Hall is holding its annual autumn fair. There is a car boot sale, which is
offering clothes and toys; there was a cake stall, which has sold a selection of bakery items; and there has
been a face-painting stand. A raffle will also take place, and for the children there is going to be a line-
dancing competition. The mayor is also coming, and he helps to run some of the stands. The fair was
raising over £300 for the local community.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 43 of 57
………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Q7. There are some mistakes in the tenses in the passage below.Rewrite the passage correctly underneath:

Last week, the headmaster at Piggleswick High School will turn his school into a giant jungle gym for a
day. He replaces the stairs with inflatable slides and put a bouncy castle in the hall. To get out of the staff
room, the teachers are having to use a fireman's pole. The headmaster is also building a fort out of plastic
bricks in the dining room. All the pupils are thinking it was a great idea. Today, it's the pupils' turn to
decorate the school. Right now, they is blowing up balloons and hung streamers in the classrooms. The
head girl are making party hats while the prefects have baked food for a buffet.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 44 of 57
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

Q8. Using the words in the box below, fill in the gaps in the letter in a suitable style:

tasteless / gross an appalling / a lousy rude / impolite inform / tell hearing from you asap / your
response I'm / 1 am try / endeavour

Dear Mr Spudwrangler,

………………………………….writing to…………………….... you that I recently had

…………………………………… meal at one of your Spudwrangler restaurants. The waiters were
……………………………………….., and the food was ………………………………..

I hope that you will…………………………make things right.

I look forward to…………………………………..

Yours sincerely,

Toby Brown

Q9. Look at the reasons below. Write down whether each one could be a reason for using an active or
passive sentence:

a) When it is not important to say who did something.

b) When you want to focus on who did something.

c) When you want your writing to be clear and easy to read.

d) When you want to create suspense.

Q10.Circle the subjects in the sentences below:

a) lan held the racquets.

b) Ishram was seen by the guard.

c) The competitors were warned by the referee.

d) Marianne ordered a kebab.

Page 45 of 57
Q11. Rewrite the sentences below using Standard English:

a) They ain't got no choice.

………………………………………………………………………………..............................

b) Me and Harvey is giving it our best shot.

………………………………………………………………………………..............................

c) I'm well mad about them robberies.

………………………………………………………………………………..............................

Q12.Rewrite these sentences using formal English:

a) Neville nicked fifty quid.

………………………………………………………………………………..............................

b) That would've cost a bomb.

………………………………………………………………………………..............................

Q13.Complete the table below with active sentences and passive sentences:

Active Sentence Passive Sentence

Anna wrote the poem.

He was seen by you.

We were caught by the teacher

A little elf bit me.

Q14. Rewrite the passage below, changing any passive sentences into active sentences.

Yesterday the pupils at Blackhaven School were treated to a party by the teachers.

A band was booked by the secretary, and guests were invited to attend by the

headmistress. Fizzy pop was banned by the janitor, but the pupils were encouraged to

bring their own food by the deputy head.

Page 46 of 57
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………

SPAG 2
i. Change the proper nouns for pronouns in these sentences:
Leo and I went to school but Matty stayed behind with Laura. The phone belonged to Torn but Leif and
Charlie gave it to Suze and Leanne. Omar went to Sadie's house.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ii. Can you change these sentences so they include semi-colons?

1. Sal yawned. She'd been up all night. 2. The cat was angry and it scratched the man.

3. I like grime but Suze likes pop.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

iii. Put this paragraph into the past tense:

Lisa screams as the ride goes faster. She wants to get off but she can't open her mouth to tell Liam. She is
scared she is going to be sick.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Page 47 of 57
iv. Put this paragraph into past continuous tense:
He ran down the road; his feet thudded against the hard concrete. Behind him, the jeers continued. He
drew a shuddering breath and the air tore at his lungs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

v. Cross out the incorrect words in this paragraph:

a. The affect/effect is that Mylo now thinks he can affect/effect every decision we make. He needs to
learn the affect/effect his actions can have on other people.

b. The affect/effect of Lin's essay is that everyone is motivated. It's affected/effected the whole staff; even
the students feel the affects/effects of her writing

c. I'd like to buy/by/bye the new book buy/by/ bye Ian McEwan as a present to say buy/by/ bye to Mrs
Anderson, but when I went buy/ by/bye her classroom the other day, I saw she already has it.

d. The best type of practice/practise is to go over and over the notes until you have practised/practiced
them so many times you can play them perfectly. That's how I do my practice/practice

vi. Find the correct spellings for these words:

1. acros: ………………….. 11. peeple …………………..

2. altho: ………………….. 12. hite …………………..

3. disapear : ………………….. 13. tomoro …………………..

4. eery: ………………….. 14. restrant …………………..

5. riht: ………………….. 15. surntims …………………..

6. sinserly: ………………….. 16. suprise …………………..

7. comunicate: ………………….. 17. pnumonia …………………..

8. instanse: ………………….. 18. acseede …………………..

9. Wenesday ………………….. 19. anshent …………………..

10. cushon ………………….. 20. compulsery …………………..

Page 48 of 57
vii. In the sentences below, there are mistakes in the use of punctuation. Find the mistake and
highlight it by selecting it. Find the mistakes and highlight them.
a. What's the problem with Ellis asked Saskia.

He's got too much homework explained George so he's sulking in his room.

b. i saw syed in town yesterday hanging out with ahmed they were in the main shopping

centre about to go into the odeon hi I said but they didn't hear me

c. sophie and emma enjoy netball it is a fun sport although they dont think that sam plays fair

d. im surprised you came to london i thought you were too busy

e. hassan loved chocolate cake that was true but he loved cookies more which was a shame because there
werent any left

f. where's the kitchen i asked fatimah as i walked into her house i need to put this in the oven straight
away.

viii. Underline the subordinate clause in these sentences:

Although he was cold, Stu decided not to take a jumper.
The party, which was supposed to be for friends only, had turned into a massive event.

ix. Which of the following can be verbs and nouns? Circle all that apply:

banana peach tissue

record sleep cat

play sausage fly

stand leaf

plate print

dance orange

x. Match these -ious words with their definitions. Look carefully at the spelling
Atrocious cautious prestigious precious conscientious luxurious
1. wary of potential danger …………………………………………………

Page 49 of 57
2. having high status, inspiring respect …………………………………………

3. hard working and careful …………………………………………

4.extremely bad or unpleasant …………………………………………

5. very valuable …………………………………………

6. extremely comfortable and indulgent …………………………………………

xi. Choose one correct answer.

1. You should wait until the bus is ___________ before you get off.

a. Stationary b. stationery

2.1 am very ___________that I will pass my piano exam.

a.confident b.confidant

3. That necklace really ___________ your blue dress.

a.compliments b.complements

4. Janey won't eat meat on ___________

a.principal b.principle

5. We had a delicious sticky toffee pudding for our _________

a. desert b.dessert

xii. Different words that mean the same thing and can enhance the quality of writing...

Eg: Peter went to the shop before he went to the park.

Peter visited the shop before he proceeded to the park

1.Choose as many alternatives as you can for the following word: run
Choose all correct answers.
Walk Sprint Amble Race Dash Stroll
2. What alternatives can you find below for the word courageous?
Cheerful Fearless Brave Bold Bossy Plucky
Page 50 of 57
3. Choose as many alternatives as you can for the following word: scared
Brave Fearful Harmonious Frightened

4. Choose as many alternatives as you can for the following word: obnoxious

Invisible Objectionable Unpleasant Placid Stupid Offensive

5. Choose as many alternatives as you can for the following word: obscure

Unexplained Hidden Regular Incurable Unclear Obstinate

xiii. Before doing the following exercise review this rule!

I comes before e except after c or when sounded like a in neighbour or weigh.
Write ei or ie to complete the words below.

Page 51 of 57
 LISTENING

Part 1

Questions 1–5

For each question, there are three pictures and a short recording.
Choose the correct picture and circle the letter A, B or C below it.

Example: Where is the girl’s hat?

B C

1 What will the boy have for lunch?

A B C

2 What activity do the friends decide to do first?

A B C

Page 52 of 57
3 Where did the girl go at the weekend?

A B C

4 Which is the girl’s cousin?

A B C

5 What is the boy looking for?

A B C

Page 53 of 57
 54

Part 2

Questions 6–10

You will hear people talking in five different situations.

For each question, circle the correct answer A, B or C.
6 You hear two classmates talking about an art project.

What does the girl decide to do next?

A wait for her painting to dry

B add colour to her painting
C change the subject of her painting

7 You hear a teacher talking about a history project.

What does she want her students to do?

A look for some facts online

B talk about some ideas in groups
C say where they found some information

8 You hear two friends discussing a documentary series.

Why do they both enjoy watching it?

A It includes useful facts about technology.

B It has an interesting presenter.
C It has lots of special effects.

9 You hear a student talking with her teacher.

What does the girl want?

A extra time to complete the homework

B some advice about the homework
C more difficult homework

10 You hear a boy talking with his mother.

What did the boy do while his mother was out?

A made himself a snack

B tidied his bedroom
C visited a relative

Page 54 of 57
 55

Part 3

Questions 11–15

You will hear a woman giving information about a national teenage singing
competition.For each question, fill in the missing information in the numbered space.

National Teenage Singing Competition

Entry age: From 13 to 18

Date to enter by: (11)

Application must include: (12)

Email application to: (13) @mail.com

Competition final will be at: (14)

First prize: (15) $

Page 55 of 57
 56

Part 4

Questions 16–20

You will hear an interview with a girl called Gail who is talking about a rock climbing
club.For each question, circle the correct answer A, B or C.

16 How did Gail first hear about the rock climbing club?

A on the internet
B from a classmate
C at a local event

17 What most surprised Gail at her first rock climbing session?

A how good some members were

B how high she climbed
C how sore she felt

18 What has Gail found easy about climbing?

A using the equipment

B doing the preparation exercises
C working with a partner

19 What has Gail learnt about herself since joining the club?

A She prefers climbing indoors.

B She enjoys doing challenging climbs.
C She needs to hear instructions more than once.

20 What is Gail planning to do in her next climbing session?

A enter a competition
B practice a particular move
C discuss a climbing holiday with other members

Page 56 of 57
 Part 5

Questions 21–25

You will hear five people talking about going to a summer camp.
For speakers 1–5, choose from the list A–H what each speaker says.
Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.

21 Speaker 1 A I chose which activities I did.

22 Speaker 2 B I missed home a lot.

23 Speaker 3 C I made a new best friend.

24 Speaker 4 D I got very little sleep.

25 Speaker 5 E I liked meal times the best.

F I took the wrong clothes.

G I had very little free time.

H I enjoyed the whole experience.

Page 57 of 57