Roll No.

: Time -
Date : MM - 73

1. Let R be a relation in the set of natural numbers N defined by 1

R = {(a, b) ∈ N × N : a < b}. Is relation R reflexive? Give a reason.

Ans : Given R = {(a, b) ∈ N × N : a < b}.

Not reflexive as for (a, a) ∈ R a < a, not true.

2. State the reason for the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} not to be transitive. 1

Ans : (1, 2) ∈ R, (2, 1) ∈ R, but (1, 1) ∉ R.

3. Let A = {3, 4, 5} and relation R on set A is defined as 1

R = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : a – b = 10}. Is relation an empty relation?

Ans : We notice for no value of a, b ∈ A, a – b = 10. Hence, (a, b)] ∉ R for a, b ∈ A. Hence, empty
relation.

4. Given set A = {a, b} and relation R on A is defined as R = {(a, a), (b, b)}. Is relation an identity 1
relation.

Ans : Yes, as (a, a) ∈ R, for all a ∈ A.

5. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7} and let f = {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)} be a function from A to B. State 1
whether f is one-one or not.

Ans : One-one as for x1 ≠ x2 f (x1) ≠ f (x2).

6. Let f : R R is defined by f (x) = | x |. Is function f onto? Give a reason. 1

Ans : f is not onto, as for some y ∈ R from co-domain, there is no x ∈ R from domain such that
y = f(x), e.g. for –2 ∈ R (co-domain) there is no x ∈ R (domain) such that f(x) = –2, i.e. |x| =
–2. Hence, not onto.

7. 1
Given f(x) = sin x check if function f is one-one for (i) (0, ) (ii) .
Ans :

8. Let f : N N be defined by f (x) = 3x. Show that f is not onto function. 1

Ans : f:N N defined by f (x) = 3x.

Let for y ∈ N (co-domain), there exists, x ∈ N in domain such that f (x) = y
3x = y x= , which may not be a natural number.

(e.g. if y = 5, then x = ∉ N)
Hence, not onto.

9. Show that f : R R, given by f(x) = x2 + 1 is not a one-one function. 1

Ans : f ( x) = x2 + 1
f(2) = 5 and f(–2) = 5,
As 2 ≠ –2 but f(2) = f(–2). Not one-one.

10.Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1,1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is reflexive 2
but neither symmetric nor transitive.

Ans : Given R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} defined on R : {1, 2, 3} {1, 2, 3}
For reflexive: As (1, 1), (2,2), (3, 3) ∈ R. Hence, reflexive
For symmetric: (1, 2) ∈ R but (2, 1) ∉ R. Hence, not symmetric.
For transitive: (1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 3) ∈ R but (1, 3) ∉ R. Hence, not transitive.

11.Let the function f : R R be defined by f (x) = cos x x ∈ R. Show that f is neither one-one nor 2
onto.
Ans : cos ,alsocos,notone-one
Asbut
Notontoasrangeisasubsetofrealnumbers.(–1≤cosx≤1)
e.g.fory=2∈R(co-domain)thereisnox∈R(domain)suchthat
y=f(x)cosx=2(–1≤cosx≤1).

12. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R a relation in T given by R = {(T1, T2) : T1 ≅ T2}. 4
Show that R is an equivalence relation.

Ans : Given R = {(T1, T2) ∈ T × T : T1 ≅ T2}

For reflexive: (T1, T1) ∈ R is true as T1 ≅ T1 for all T1 ∈ T (i.e. triangle is congruent to
itself). Hence, R is reflexive.
For symmetric: (T1, T2) ∈ R T1≅T2T2≅T1(T2,T1)∈R.Hence,Rissymmetric.
Fortransitive: Let(T1,T2)∈Rand(T2,T3)∈RT1≅T2andT2≅T3
T1≅T3(T1,T3)∈R.Hence,Ristransitive.
SinceRisreflexive,symmetricandtransitive.Hence,Risanequivalencerelation.

13. Show that the relation S in the set R of real numbers, defined as S = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ R and a ≤ b3} is 4
neither reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive.

Ans : Given S = {(a, b) ∈ R | a ≤ b3}

We can consider counter example.
For reflexive: Let (–2, –2) ∈ S –2 ≤(–2)3 –2 ≤ –8, false, Hence, not reflexive.
For symmetric: Let (–1, 2) ∈ S –1 ≤ (2) 3 –1 ≤ 8 true,
If symmetric then (2, –1) ∈ S
2 ≤(–1)3 2 ≤ –1, false, Hence, not symmetric.
For transitive: Let (25, 3) ∈ S and (3, 2) ∈ S
25 ≤ (3)3 and 3 ≤ (2)3 25 ≤ 27 and 3 ≤ 8, true in both cases.
If transitive then (25, 2) ∈ S 25 ≤(2)3 25 ≤ 8,false
Hence, not transitive.

14.ShowthattherelationRinthesetofrealnumbers,definedasR={(a,b):a≤b2}is neither reflexive nor 4

symmetric nor transitive.

Ans : Forreflexive:Leta=,
(a,a)∈R ,false.Hence,notreflexive.
Forsymmetric:Let(–1,2)∈Ras–1≤(2)2,true.
Now(2,–1)∈R2≤(–1)22≤1,false,
As(–1,2)∈R(2,–1)∈R,Hence,notsymmetric.
Fortransitive:Let(6,3),(3,2)∈R
(6,3)∈R6≤(3)26≤9,true
(3,2)∈R3≤(2)23≤4,true
wehavetoshow,(6,2)∈R
6≤(2)26≤4,false.So,nottransitive.
15. 4
Show that the function f : R R defined by f(x) = , x ∈ R is neither one-one nor onto.

Ans : For one-one: For x1, x2 ∈ R

f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

x1 x2 2 + x1 = x1 2 x2 + x2 x1x2 (x2 – x1) + (x1 – x2) = 0

(x2 – x1) (x1x2 – 1) = 0 x2 – x1 = 0 or x1x2 = 1
x1 = x2 or x1x2 = 1

Let x1 = 2 and x2 = , then we notice f (x1) = f (x2) but 2 ≠ . Hence, not one-one

Here we notice f (x) ≠ 1 for any x ∈ R

Therefore, 1 ∈ R from co-domain does not have pre-image in domain. So, not onto.

16. 4
Show that the function f in A = R – defined asf(x) = is one-one andonto.Hence,findf–
1.

Ans :
Consider functionf(x) =
Forone-one:
Letforx1,x2∈A,f(x1)=f(x2)

(4x1+3)(6x2–4)=(4x2+3)(6x1–4)
24x1x2+18x2–16x1–12=24x1x2+18x1–16x2–12
–34x1=–34x2x1=x2
Asf(x1)=f(x2)
x1=x2,for allx1,x2∈A
functionisone-one.
For onto:
Letfory∈A(co-domain),there existsx∈A(domain)suchthat
y =f ( x )
y=6xy–4y=4x+3
6xy–4x=3+4y
x(6y–4)=3+4yx=∈A
Hence,foreveryy∈A(co-domain)thereexistsx∈A(domain)suchthat
y=f(x).Hence,onto.
As x=f–1(y)=
f–1(x)=

17. 4
Show that f : [–1, 1] R, given by f(x) = is one-one. Find the inverse of the function f : [–

1, 1] Range f.
Ans :
f : [–1, 1] R is given as f(x) =

For one-one:
For x, y ∈ [–1, 1], Let f(x) = f(y)

xy + 2x = xy + 2y x=y
f is one-one function.
f [–1, 1] range f is one-one and
f : [–1, 1] range f is onto, as each element from range f is associates with same
element in [–1, 1]
Hence, inverse of the function,
f [–1, 1] range f, exists.
Let g : range f [–1, 1] be the inverse of f.
Let y be any arbitrary element of range f.
Since f : [–1, 1] range f is onto
y = f(x) for some x ∈ [–1, 1]

y= xy + 2y = x

x(1 – y) = 2y x= ,y≠1

Now, let us define g : range f [–1, 1] as g(y) = , y ≠ 1.

Now, (gof)(x) = g(f(x)) = =

(fog)(y)=f(g(y)) = =

gof=I[–1,1]andfog=IRangef

f–1=g f –1(x) = ,y≠1

18. Determine whether the relation R defined on the set R of all real numbers as R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ R 4
and a – b + ∈ S, where S is the set of all irrational numbers}, is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.
Ans : Given relation: R = {(a, b)}: a, b ∈ real numbers and a – b + ∈ S, S is the set of all
irrational numbers}
(i) For reflexive:
For all a ∈ real numbers.
(a , a ) ∈ R a–a+ = ∈ S, true. Hence, reflexive.
(ii) For symmetric:
Let a = ,b>1
Then (a, b) ∈ R, i.e. ( , 1) ∈ R
as –1+3=2 –1∈S

Consider (b, a), i.e. (1, )∈R

1– + = 1 ∈ S, not true
( a , b) ∈ R ( b, a ) ∈ R
Not symmetric.
(iii) For transitive:
Let a = 3 + 2 , b = 5, c = 4 + 3
We notice (a, b) ∈ R,
i.e. 3 + 2 –5+ = –2 + 3 ∈S
( b, c) ∈ R,
i.e. 5 – 4 – 3 + =1–2 ∈S
But (a, c) = 3 + 2 –4–3 + = –1 ∉ S
Hence, not transitive.

19. 4
If f (x) = showthatfof(x)=xforall.Whatistheinverseoff?

Ans :

20. Let the function ‘f ’ : N → N be defined by f(x) = 2x + 3, x ∈ N. Then ‘f ’ is 1

(a) not onto
(b) bijective function
(c) many-one, into function
(d) none of these

Ans : (a), e.g. if y = f (x) = 8 ⇒ 8 = 2x + 3 ⇒ x = ∉ N. Hence, not onto.

21. A relation defined in a non-empty set A, having n elements, has 1

(a) n relations

(b) 2 relations

(c) n2 relations

(d) 2n2 relations

Ans : (d), as R : A → A is a subset of A × A.
n ( A × A) = n × n = n 2
and number of subsets or relations = 2n2.

22. Let X = {x2 : x ∈ N} and the function f : N → X is defined by f(x) = x2, x ∈ N. Then this function is [CBSE 1
2021]

(i) injective only

(ii) not bijective

(iii) surjective only

(iv) bijective

(d) Function is injective as for x1, x2 Î N,

Ans :
f(x1) = f(x2) Þ x12 = x22 Þ x1 = x2, as x1, x2 > 0.
Function is surjective as for y Î x
There exists x Î N such that y = f(x)
Þ y = x2 Þ x = ÎN .

Function is bijective

23. If f (x) = , x(≠ 1) ∈ R then range of ‘f ’ is 1

(i) {–1, 1}

(ii) {–1}

(iii) R

(iv) 1

Ans :
(a), as | x – 1 | =

24. In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). 1
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion (A): In set A = {1, 2, 3} a relation R defined as R = {(1, 1), (2, 2)} is reflexive.

Reason (R): A relation R is reflexive in set A if (a, a) Î R for all a Î A.

 (i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false but R is true.

Ans : (d)

25. In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). 1
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion (A): Given set A = {1, 2, 3, ... 9} and relation R in set A × A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d =
b + c, be an equivalence relation. The ordered pair (1, 3) belongs to equivalence class related to [(5,
3)]

Reason (R): Any ordered pair of A × A belongs to equivalence class [(5, 3)] if (x, y)R (5, 3) " (x, y) Î A ×
A.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true but R is false.

(iv) A is false but R is true.

Ans : (a)

26. A general election of Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About 911 million people were eligible to 5
vote and voter turnout was about 67%, the highest ever

Let I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exercise their voting right in general
election held in 2019. A relation ‘R’ is defined on I as follows:

R = {(V1,V2) : V1, V2 ∈ I and both use their voting right in general election – 2019} [CBSE Question
Bank]
(a) Two neighbors X and Y ∈ I. X exercised his voting right while Y did not cast her vote in general
election-2019. Which of the following is true?

(i) (X, Y) ∈ R (ii) (Y, X) ∈ R

(iii) (X, X) ∉ R (iv) (X,Y) ∉ R

(b) Mr. ‘X’ and his wife ‘W’ both exercised their voting right in general election-2019, Which of the
following is true?

(i) both (X, W) and (W, X) ∈ R

(ii) (X, W) ∈ R but (W, X) ∉ R

(iii) both (X, W) and (W, X) ∉ R

(iv) (W, X) ∈ R but (X,W) ∉ R

(c) Three friends F1, F2 and F3 exercised their voting right in general election-2019, then which of
the following is true?

(i) (F1, F2 ) ∈ R, (F2, F3) ∈ R and (F1, F3) ∈ R

(ii) (F1, F2 ) ∈ R, (F2, F3) ∈ R and (F1, F3) ∉ R

(iii) (F1, F2 ) ∈ R, (F2, F2) ∈ R but (F3, F3) ∉ R

(iv) (F1, F2) ∉ R, (F2, F3) ∉ R and (F1, F3) ∉ R

(d) The above defined relation R is __________

(i) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive

(ii) Universal relation

(iii) Equivalence relation

(iv) Reflexive but not symmetric and transitive

(e) Mr. Shyam exercised his voting right in General Election-2019, then Mr. Shyam is related to
which of the following?

(i) All those eligible voters who cast their votes

(ii) Family members of Mr. Shyam

(iii) All citizens of India

(iv) Eligible voters of India

Ans : (a) (iv) (X, Y) ∉ R

(b) (i) both (X, W) and (W, X) ∈ R

(c) (i) (F1, F2 ) ∈ R, (F2, F3) ∈ R and (F1, F3) ∈ R

(d) (iii) Equivalence relation

(e) (i) All those eligible voters who cast their votes

27. A mathematics teacher went to the sports club in which he saw a snooker table, on which there 5
were red and yellow colour balls. He analyse that the number of red and yellow colour balls can be
represented as a function f(x) = 4x2 + 12x + 15 and f : N → R where f(x) is red colour ball when x
represent yellow colour ball.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(a) Determine whether the given function is one-one function or not.

(b) Determine whether the given function for f : N → Range of f is onto function or not.

(c) Let a function g(x) is represented as g(x) = find fog(x).

(d) Find gof(x) of the above functions g(x) and f(x).

(e) Find f–1(x).

Ans : (a) One-One

(b) onto

(c) x

(d) x

(e) f –1(x) =

28. A general election of Lok Sabha is a gigantic exercise. About 911 million people were eligible to 4
vote and voter turnout was about 67%, the highest ever

Let I be the set of all citizens of India who were eligible to exercise their voting right in general
election held in 2019. A relation ‘R’ is defined on I as follows:

R = {(V1,V2) : V1, V2 ∈ I and both use their voting right in general election – 2019} [CBSE
Question Bank]
 (i) Two neighbours X and Y Î I. X exercised his voting right while Y did not cast her vote in
general election-2019. Check whether X is related to Y or not.

(ii) Mr. ‘X’ and his wife ‘W’ both exercised their voting right in general election-2019. Show that (X,
W) Î R and (W, X) Î R.

(iii) Three friends F1, F2 and F3 exercised their voting right in general election-2019. Show that

(F1, F2) Î R, (F2, F3) Î R and (F1, F3) Î R.

OR

Show that the relation R defined on set I is an equivalence relation.

(i) R = {(V1, V2): V1, V2 Î I and both use their voting rights}
Ans : It is given that X exercised his voting right and Y didn’t cast her vote.
So, X is not related to Y, i.e. (X, Y) R.
(ii) R = {(V1, V2) : V1, V2 ÎI and both use their voting rights}
It is given that Mr X and his wife W both exercised their voting rights in election.
So, X is related to W and W is related to X, i.e.
(X, W) ÎR and (W, X) ÎR
(iii) Since all the three friends F1, F2 and F3 exercised their voting rights in election, so (F1, F2) ÎR,
(F2, F3) ÎR and (F1, F3) ÎR.
OR

Let V be any person in I. Then V and V use their voting rights in election
Þ (V, V) ÎR

Thus (V, V) ÎR for all V ÎI.

So, R is reflexive relation on I.

Let V1 and V2 be two persons in A such that

(V1, V2) ÎR.
Then, (V1, V2) ÎR Þ
V1 and V2 both use their voting rights

Þ V2 and V1 both use their voting rights.

Þ (V2, V1) ÎR
R is symmetric on I.

Let V1, V2, V3 be three person in I such that

(V1, V2) ÎR and (V2, V3) ÎR.
Then (V1, V2)ÎR Þ
V1 and V2 both use their voting rights.

and (V2, V3)ÎR Þ

V2 and V3 both use their voting rights.

So, V1 and V3 both use their voting rights.

Þ (V1, V3) Î R
So, R is transitive on I.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
29. Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo at home during Covid-19. While rolling the dice, Sherlin’s 4
sister Raji observed and noted that possible outcomes of the throw every time belongs to set {1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A be the set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes.

A = {S, D}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

(i) Let R : B ® B be defined by R = {(x, y) : y is divisible by x}. Show that relation R is reflexive and
transitive but not symmetric.

(ii) Let R be a relation on B defined by R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 5)}. Then check
whether R is an equivalence relation.

(iii) Raji wants to know the number of functions from A to B. How many number of functions are
possible?

OR

Raji wants to know the number of relations possible from A to B. How many numbers of relations
are possible?
Ans : (i) Since every number is divisible by itself, So

(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6) ÎR.

So, R is reflexive relation on B. Also (1, 2) ÎR but (2, 1) does not belong here non-symmetric.

(ii) R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 5),}

Since (1, 1) Ï R, so R is not reflexive.

Hence ‘R’ is not an equivalence relation.

(iii) As number of functions possible from set A to set B, if set A contains m elements and set B
contains n elements is given by nm.

Now, n(A) = 2 ; n(B) = 6

Number of possible functions = 62

OR

As, number of relations from a set with ‘m’ elements to a set with n elements is 2mn.

Now n(A) = 2 ; n(B) = 6

Required number of relations = 212

30. A class teacher wants to make different groups of students so that they can be given different 4
tasks of enlighting other about the effect’s of COVID-19. Students are making groups with friends
but the teacher said not like this, we will make a group of students with roll number in such a way
that the difference of roll number is divisible by 3.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Name the properties which whole group should satisfy to get divided into different groups
(equivalence classes).

(ii) Provide the relation for the roll number of students in the group of student with roll number 5.

(iii) Which roll number students will be in the group of students with roll number 5 if there are 30
students in the class?

OR
 Which roll number students will be in the group of student with roll number 2, if there are 20
students in the class?

Ans : (i) The properties are reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

(ii) Let x be the roll number student is in the group.

As per the given information, the relation is x – 5 = 3l.

(iii) Roll number of students can be calculated from

x – 5 = 3l

For l = 0, l = 1, l = 2, l = –1

x = 5, x = 8, x = 11, x=2

So, the group of students

group {5} = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29}

OR

x – 2 = 3l

Group {2} = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20}

31. The function f (x) = 4x + 3, x ∈ R is an increasing function. State true or false. 1

Ans : True, as f ′(x) = 4 > 0. Hence, increasing.

32. The line y = x + 1 is a tangent to the curve y2 = 4x at the point 1

(a) (–1, 2)

(b) (1, 2)

(c) (1, –2)

(d) (2, 1)

Ans : (b), as slope of line y = x + 1 is 1 and =1

⇒ y = 2 and x = 1. Therefore point is (1, 2).