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Textbook Ebook Entrepreneurship in Regional Communities Exploring The Relevance of Embeddedness Networking Empowerment and Communitarian Values 1St Edition Sujana Adapa All Chapter PDF
Textbook Ebook Entrepreneurship in Regional Communities Exploring The Relevance of Embeddedness Networking Empowerment and Communitarian Values 1St Edition Sujana Adapa All Chapter PDF
Entrepreneurship in
Regional
Communities
Exploring the Relevance
of Embeddedness,
Networking,
Empowerment and
Communitarian Values
Entrepreneurship in Regional Communities
“Their book should be on the reading list of scholars, executives, and policy
makers seeking to understand the value of doing of entrepreneurship in regional
communities in Australia and the influence of gender. This is more impor-
tant now that there are more people working remotely and the capacity to
deliver goods and success digitally dramatically improved as a result of the
COVID crisis. The approach taken by the authors draws on theory and data,
emphasising the enactment of place-based entrepreneurship in the bioregions.”
—Ms. Kate Carnell, Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise
Ombudsman
Entrepreneurship
in Regional
Communities
Exploring the Relevance
of Embeddedness, Networking,
Empowerment and Communitarian
Values
Sujana Adapa Alison Sheridan
UNE Business School UNE Business School
University of New England University of New England
Armidale, NSW, Australia Armidale, NSW, Australia
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher,
whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting,
reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical
way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained
herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with
regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To all entrepreneurs and businesses in regional communities
Foreword
vii
viii Foreword
innovations and, most importantly, what this means for the support
provided for entrepreneurial activities. This macro view provides the
context for the authors to then narrow the focus to examine the prior
existing evidence related to urban and regional entrepreneurship in
Australia and these are explained in detail through an exploration of
an existing secondary dataset. With this thorough grounding done, the
bioregions are then introduced and readers are taken on a journey
through the unique characteristics of each of the regions. These details
include profiles of employment, the nature and types of businesses, popu-
lation spread and demography, as is the growing importance of the
service sector to the local economies.
This wealth of information is then complemented and really brought
to life with a delightful collection of case studies that range from nascent
through to established growing and established plateaued firms. It is here
we find that the voices of start-up founders and owner-managers of these
firms provide insight into the common advantages and similarities expe-
rienced as well as the unique themes that each experience. It is a perspec-
tive that means that this book really brings home the message that the
way entrepreneurship is enacted in the regional areas is distinct from
that of urban areas. Regional entrepreneurship relies on the enabling
entrepreneurial ecosystems through increasing social capital, commu-
nitarian values and business networks. Further, regional entrepreneurs
explicitly and intuitively recognise the value of their embeddedness and
it is this that empowers them to progress entrepreneurial activities and to
add value to their communities.
These are key strengths of this book and it adds a valuable contribu-
tion as it explains the value of entrepreneurship in regional communities,
specifically in terms of recognising the influence of gender. This book
presents important theoretical, practical and policy implications to foster
place-based entrepreneurial ecosystems in the regional Australian context
Foreword ix
and is a must read for a wide audience from policymakers and services
providers through to students of entrepreneurship and small business.
Tui McKeown
Associate Professor
Department of Management
Monash Business School
Monash University
Melbourne, Australia
President, Small Enterprise Association
of Australia & New Zealand (SEAANZ)
Ringwood, Australia
http://www.seaanz.org
Acknowledgments
Writing this book has been an arduous journey but nevertheless, it has
been gratifying to see all the chapters come together.
Our sincere thanks and deep gratitude go to the start-up founders
and established business owner-managers in the bioregions—Armidale
and Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia. The founders and owner-
managers wholeheartedly shared their experiences and stories with us.
It is the founders and owner-managers embeddedness in the region
and their communitarian values that inspired us to pursue this research
project. This book would not have been possible without the encour-
agement and participation of the founders and owner-managers of the
regional businesses. It was an absolute pleasure to listen to their personal
stories and entrepreneurial endeavours.
We are also grateful to Ms. Liz Barlow and Ms. Ashwini Elango from
Palgrave Macmillan who offered immense support throughout to make
this book a reality.
Sujana Adapa
Alison Sheridan
Subba Reddy Yarram
xi
Contents
xiii
xiv Contents
References 293
Index 321
Acronyms and Abbreviations
xvii
xviii Acronyms and Abbreviations
xix
xx List of Figures
xxi
xxii List of Tables
Introduction
It is clear that economic prosperity and a high standard of living are not
the result of macroeconomic policies alone. The differences in economic
outcomes we see across communities within a country point to the influ-
ence of local conditions, institutions and orientation in determining the
economic performance of a place (Mack & Mayer, 2016; Rocha, 2013).
There is compelling empirical evidence that those cities and regions
exhibiting more entrepreneurial activity also generate higher levels of
economic performance (Rocha, 2013; Saxenian, 1994; Stuetzer et al.,
2018).
We live and work in a regional community and have long been
fascinated by the differences we have observed in the types of
entrepreneurial activity across regional communities. While the evidence
points to innovative entrepreneurship as typically a city phenomenon
in Australia (Hassan, Bucifal, Drake, & Hendrickson, 2015) and
studies have demonstrated lower entrepreneurship rates in regional
centres (Obschonka et al., 2015), as academics teaching and researching
in a regional context, we are adamant that the manifestation of
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to 1
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
S. Adapa et al., Entrepreneurship in Regional Communities,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60559-9_1
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Nella camera termale o caldarium era da una parte il bagno d’acqua
calda detto alveus e dall’altra il laconicum, o alcova semicircolare,
riscaldata da una fornace e da tubi, hypocausis, sotto il pavimento e
attraverso le pareti praticate espressamente vuote. Fu detto
laconicum, perchè l’uso ne fu dapprima introdotto fra i Lacedemoni,
e nel pompejano di cui parlo stava in mezzo il labrum, di cui spiegai
lo scopo più sopra; ch’era cioè là vasca a fondo piano che
conteneva l’acqua della qual s’aspergeva il balneante mentre gli si
raschiava il sudore prodotto dalla temperatura elevata a cui eran
mantenute le stanze, e immediatamente su di essi v’era un’apertura,
lumen, che poteva esser chiusa od aperta con un disco di metallo
detto clipeus, sospeso mediante catene, secondo si fosse voluto
abbassare od elevare il grado di calore, come è indicato da Vitruvio.
Tre finestre quadrate si veggono nella vôlta del laconicum ed eran
chiuse con vetri, lapis specularis, e vietavano l’entrata dell’aria. La
seguente iscrizione venne decifrata sui bordi del bacino, scrittavi in
lettere di bronzo:
GN. MELISSARO GN. F. APRO. M. STAIO. M.
F. RVFO II. VIR. ITER. I. D. LABRVM EX D. D.
EX P. P. F. C. CONSTAT H. S. DCC. L. [200]
Se fu dato potersi formulare a proverbio: di’ con chi tratti e ti dirò chi
sei; parrebbe potersi eziandio dire, di’ come si istruisca un popolo e
ti dirò quanto sia civile. Questo per adesso: forse non si poteva
altrettanto affermare ai tempi di Roma, dei quali m’intrattengo col
discreto e umano lettore.
Egli vedrà s’io mal non m’apponga nelle poche pagine che ho
riserbato alle Scuole, traendone argomento dalle due di cui gli
avanzi di Pompei ci han tramandato memoria.
La parola, come tanta parte delle nostre e delle latine, deduce
l’origine sua dal greco. Schola scrissero i latini e σχολή i greci, e
vollero significare riposo da fatica corporea, il quale dà opportunità di
ricreazione o di studio: così ci accadde già di ricordare la schola o
sedile in Pompei, ov’era l’orologio solare: così schola chiamavansi
quegli altri sedili in muratura ch’erano nelle terme, e via discorrendo.
Presto poi venne adoperato il vocabolo ad esprimere il luogo in cui i
maestri e i loro scolari si raccolgono per fine d’istruzione; nel qual
unico senso fu quindi ricevuto nell’idioma nostro.
Io, come dissi, dalle due scuole summentovate, di cui ci è attestata
da due iscrizioni l’esistenza in Pompei, nonchè dal ritrovamento di
ferri chirurgici, de’ quali verrò a intrattenere chi legge, partirò per
indagare l’indole dell’istruzione e della coltura intellettuale d’allora.
Senza di questo capitolo, crederei incompleto il quadro che mi sono
proposto di condurre delle condizioni di Roma e delle sue colonie,
del quale mi danno causa e pretesto le rovine di Pompei.
Sotto il portico orientale del Foro civile di questa esumata città, e che
già a suo luogo ho descritto, si è scoperta una vasta sala: nel fondo
di essa è nel mezzo una specie di nicchia; altre minori sono
distribuite tutte all’intorno, con porte agli angoli. Gau, scrittore, la cui
autorità ho più volte in addietro invocata, riconobbe in tutte queste
disposizioni, le disposizioni stesse delle antiche scuole d’Oriente. La
nicchia del fondo avrebbe, secondo lui e con tutta ragione di
probabilità, servito di cattedra al maestro; quelle all’ingiro spettavano
invece agli scolari, per deporvi abiti e libri. Siffatta supposizione fu
universalmente accolta e trovò il suo suggello di verità nella
iscrizione seguente, che stava scritta in caratteri rossi, oggi affatto
scomparsi, vicino alla porta, sull’angolo della casa:
C. CAPELLAM D. V. I. D. O. V. F. VERNA CVM DISCENT [217].