REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT SPEECH)

*Report speech (Câu gián tiếp) là câu tường thuật lại ý của người nói
*Một số quy tắc chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
A) Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại ta chuyển như sau.
- Ta chỉ cần đổi đại từ (I, my, mine, me ....-> she/he, her/his, hers/his, her/him ......)
Ex: He says "I am an engineer" -> He says (that) he is an engineer.
B) Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì ta theo những quy tắc sau:
1. Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “said” hoặc “told”.
2. Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp ( Statements) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ
thời gian, nơi chốn.
a. Ngôi: - Đổi ngôi thứ nhất phù hợp với chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính.
- Đổi ngôi thứ hai phù hợp với tân ngữ (túc từ) trong mệnh đề chính.
- Ngôi thứ ba không đổi.
Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
 He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
b. Thì của động từ:
Direct Speech Reported Speech
1. Present Simple: S + V1 1. Past Simple: S + V2/ed
2. Present Progressive: S am/is/ are+V-ing 2. Past Progressive: S + was/ were+V-ing
3. Present Perfect: S + has/have + V3/ed 3. Past Perfect: S + had + V3/ed
4. Past Simple: S + V2/ed 4. Past Perfect: S + had + V3/ed
5. Past Progressive: S + was/were + V-ing 5. Past Perfect Progressive: S + had been +V-ing
6. Past Perfect: S + had + V3/ed 6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed
7. Future Simple: S + will/shall + Vo 7. Future in the past: S + would/should + Vo
8. can/ may/ must 8. could/ might/ had to
Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
 He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
c. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian:
Direct Speech Reported Speech
1. today/tonight 1. that day/ that night
2. yesterday 2. the day before/ the previous day
3. last week/ month/ year 3. the previous week/ month/ year
4. ago 4. before
5. now 5. then
6. tomorrow 6. the following day/ the next day
7. next week 7. the following week
8. this/ these 8. that/ those
9. here 9. there
Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
* REPORTED SPEECH - STATEMENTS
S + said + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V….
EXERCISE 1: Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”
…………………………………………………………………………….
7. The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. She said “She doesn’t buy this book”
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9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
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10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”
…………………………………………………………………………….
11. They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores”
…………………………………………………………………………….
12. He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow”
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13. Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary”
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14. His brother told him “You can use my computer today”
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15. Mai said “I cannot go to the movies with you, Nam”
…………………………………………………………………………….
** REPORTED SPEECH - YES/NO QUESTIONS
1. Đổi động từ trần thuật (giới thiệu) sang: “ask(ed)”.
2. Thêm if hoặc whether vào trước câu gián tiếp.
3. Đổi câu hỏi thành câu xác định.
4. Khi đổi câu hỏi (Yes/No Questions) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là: ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ
chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn. (see the lesson that we learned)
a. Ngôi:
Ex: He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
 He asked me if/whether I would go with her father the following week.
b. Thì của động từ: (xem bài trước)
Ex: He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
 He asked me if/whether I would go with her father the following week.
c. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian: (xem bài trước)
Ex: He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
 He asked me if/whether I would go with her father the following week.
S + asked + O + if/whether + S + V….
EXERCISE 2: Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
…………………………………………………………………………...................….
2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan
………………………………………………………………………......................…….
3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
…………………………………………………………………………......................….
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
………………………………………………………………………......................…….
5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
………………………………………………………………………….......................….
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
………………………………………………………………………….......................….
7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
………………………………………………………………………….......................….
8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”
………………………………………………………………………….......................….
9. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu
……………………………………………………………………………......................
10. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba
…………………….................……………………………………………………….....
*** REPORTED SPEECH - WH - QUESTIONS.
S + asked + O + wh- + S + V-lùi thì….
EXERCISE 3: Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
……………………………………………………………………………...................
2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan
……………………………………………………………………………....................
3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
……………………………………………………………………………..................
4. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
……………………………………………………………………………...................
5. The teacher said to Lien “What’s your hobby?”
……………………………………………………………………………....................
6. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
…………………………………………………………………………….....................
7. “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien
…………………………………………………………………………….....................
8. Ba asked Tam “How often do you wash your clothes?”
……………………………………………………………………………......................
9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu
…………………………………………………………………………….......................
10. “How many books do the students need?” The librarian asked my teacher
……………………………………………………………………………........................
**** REPORTED SPEECH - IMPERATIVES
Ex: He said to me “Give your toys to her, please!”  He asked me to give my toys to her.
Ex: He said to me “Don’t open this book now.” He asked me not to open that book then.
Ex: He said to me “Give your toys to her, please!” He asked me to give my toys to her.
Ex: He said to me “Don’t open this book now.” He asked me not to open that book then.
S + asked/ told/ ordered/ advised + O + (not) to V….
EXERCISE 4: Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
1. My husband said to me “Go to the movie!”…………………………………………..
2. I said to him “Stay at home!”
………………………………………………..……………...................………………..
3. My son said to us “Watch TV!”
………………………………………………..……………...................………………..
4. My daughter said to us “Don’t laugh!”
………………………………………………..……………...................………………..
5. My mother said to kids “Stop fighting!”
………………………………………………..………………...................……………..
6. He said to her “Can you speak up?”
………………………………………………...…………......................………………..
7. The teacher said to the children “Don’t make noise in class!:”
…………………………………………………..……………...................……………..
8. He said to me: “Come at 5 o’clock!”……………………………………………...……..…………..
9. They ordered us: “Pay at once!”…………………………………………....………..……………..........
10. The teacher said to them: “Do it again!”……………………………………………………..……...
PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Change the following sentences into reported speech.
1. She said to me: “You can sit here.”
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2. Nga said: “I am taking my test tomorrow.”
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3. I said to her: “Jim is driving late today.”
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4. He said: “I don’t want to eat anything now.”
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5. Minh said to me: “I won’t be home this evening because I have to work late.”
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6. Huong said to me: “You must do your homework every day.”
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7. I said to Nam: “There isn’t any milk in this bottle.”
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. He said: “I’ll be here again tomorrow.”
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9. We said to them: “Your houses are very nice.”
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10. She said to them: “He has lived here for five years.”
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11. Tom said: “I’m going away for a few days and will phone you when I get back.”
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12. Mai said to Minh: “I cannot go to the cinema with you tomorrow.”
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13. Ann said to me: “I’m very grateful to you for your helping me with the Vietnamese lessons.”
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14. He said: “I don’t need any help.”
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15. Betty said to Bill: “I don’t like this film.”
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16. Lan said: “I am coming back next week.”
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17. She said: “I must wash my hands.”
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18. Mother said: “I have something to show you, Tom.”
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19. They said: “We have a lift but it doesn’t work.”
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20. Lan said: “We are having champagne tonight.”
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Exercise 2: Convert the questions below into reported speech.
1. "Can they play the piano?" she asked.
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2. "Has Sarah ever been to Siena?" he asked.
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3. "Are they French or Canadian?" asked Charlie.
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4. "Where do bears live?" asked George.
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5. "Who wants some more yoghurt ice cream?" asked Mum.
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6. "Are we going out tonight?" asked Bob.
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7. She asked me: “Are you going to visit Hue?”
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. I asked Ha: “Does your father work here?”
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9. Lien asked me: “Will I finish my exercises at home?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Thanh asked Minh: “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
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Exercise 3: Convert the orders below into reported speech.
1. "Shut up, everybody!" said the teacher →.........................................................................................................
2. "Open the window, Robert," said Jane →..........................................................................................................
3. "Phone your granny," she told him.→................................................................................................................
4. "Don't be late," she warned him.→....................................................................................................................
5. "Don't talk to strangers, Michael," said his mother.
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6. "Don't listen to a word he says," she told me.
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