7

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Introduction to Statistics

Self-Learning Module
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4- Module 1: Introduction to Statistics
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Regional Director : Salustiano T. Jimenez, EDD, JD, CESO V

OIC Asst. Regional Director : Cristito A. Eco

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jennifer E. Dejito

Content Editors: Gina V. Dela Cruz & Aileen P. Pepito
Layout and Design Editor: Annalyn P. Cortes
Copyright: Nesedra A. San Miguel
Management Team: Nimfa D. Bongo Ed.D, CESO V
Estela B. Susvilla Ph.D
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Ismaelita N. Desabille Ed.D

Printed in the Philippines by _____________

Department of Education – Region VII – Schools Division of Mandaue City

Office Address: Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City

Telefax: (032) 345-0545
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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

 7
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Introduction to Statistics

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Quarter 4: Module 1

What I Need to Know --------------------------------------------------- 1

What I Know --------------------------------------------------- 2
What’s In --------------------------------------------------- 4

Lesson 1.1: Introduction to Statistics --------------------------------- 4

What’s New --------------------------------------------------- 4
What Is It --------------------------------------------------- 5
What’s More --------------------------------------------------- 7

Lesson 1.2: Simple Statistical Statistics ------------------------------ 9

What I Have Learned --------------------------------------------------- 9
What I Can Do --------------------------------------------------- 10
Assessment --------------------------------------------------- 12
Additional Activities --------------------------------------------------- 14
Answer Key --------------------------------------------------- 15
References --------------------------------------------------- 16

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest
in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher.

Thank you.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

 What I Need to Know

The ability to think critically and evaluate data-based claims are important
skills that all people should possess. The study of Statistics provides students with
ideas and the attitude to react intelligently to information in the world around them.
If you read any newspaper, watch television, or use the Internet, you will see
statistical information. There are statistics about crime, sports, education, politics,
real estate, health, etc.
Included in this module are the key terms that students should be able to
recognize and differentiate to better understand the concept of Statistics.

Content Standards:
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts, uses and
importance of Statistics, data collection/gathering and the different forms of data
representation, measures of central tendency, measures of variability, and
probability.

Performance Standards:
The learner is able to collect and organize data systematically and compute
accurately measures of central tendency and variability and apply these
appropriately in data analysis and interpretation in different fields.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

The learner,
• poses real-life problems that can be solved by Statistics. (M7SP-IVa-2)
• formulates simple statistical instrument. (M7SP-IVa-3)

Learning Objectives:
• Define Statistics.
• Create a simple statistical instrument.
• Give problems that can be solved using Statistics.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 1|P age

 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of Statistics?

a. Statistics helps in collecting an appropriative quantitative data.
b. Statistics helps in collecting an appropriative qualitative data.
c. Statistics helps in proper and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in
any field of study.
d. Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and exact
description of a phenomenon of nature.

2. The following statements involve Statistics EXCEPT:

a. 40% of total daily calories for 2 to 18 years old come from added sugars
and solid fats.
b. Tom eats 6 to 7 cups of rice a day.
c. Children spend more than 7.5 hours a day in front of a screen.
d. Less than 5% of adults participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each
day.

3. Which of the following questions can be answered using Statistics?

A. What is the average number of cars in a parking lot on Monday mornings?
B. How many brothers does Martha have?
C. How many days are in December?
D. Am I hungry?

4. The following problems can be solved using statistics EXCEPT:

a. the most played online game
b. the most subscribed cellular network
c. the number of planets in the solar system
d. the average performance of all grade 7 students in Mathematics

5. What is the correct order of the statistical process?

a. collection of data, organization of data, interpretation of data, analysis of
data
b. organization of data, collection of data, analysis of data, interpretation of
data
c. analysis of data, interpretation of data, collection of data, organization of
data
d. collection of data, organization of data, analysis of data, interpretation of
data

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 2|P age

6. Which of the following statistical instruments is appropriate in identifying the
behaviors of preschoolers during earthquakes?
a. Interview b. Survey c. Observation d. Census

7. What do you call a statistical instrument that indicates an official periodic

count of a population including such information as sex, age and occupation?
a. Interview b. Survey c. Observation d. Census

8. Which of the following research topic can be answered through a registration

or census?
a. The impact of social media and internet on the behavior of grade 7
students
b. The number of people aged 65 and above in Barangay Maguikay
c. The factors affecting academic performance of grade 7 students
d. The feedback of customers in improving one’s own business

9. A sample of 10 members of the House of Representatives were asked about the

issue on political dynasty. Which statistical instrument is best to use?
a. Questionnaire b. Interview c. Observation d. Census

10. What do you call a research instrument consisting of a series of questions (or
other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from the
respondents?
a. Questionnaire b. Interview c. Observation d. Census

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 3|P age

 Lesson 1.1 Introduction to Statistics

What’s In
You have studied circles in previous lesson. Match the figures in column A with the
names in column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B

A. Chord

B. Central Angle

C. Radius

D. Inscribed Angle

E. Diameter

What’s New

Consider each problem and answer the given question/s.

Question A: Basic Needs

https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/ https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/how- https://wdrfree.com/stock-vector/

healthy-food-banner-isolated-on- to-care-for-clothes/ download/pill-bottles-set-59548983
white-background-gm1141212869-

Food
305650553
Clothes Medicines
items
During Covid-19 pandemic, which of the following above is the most essential
basic needs?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 4|P age
Question B: Learning Delivery Modalities

https://dokumen.tips/doc
uments/grade-7-math- https://academicfamilies.com/10-things- https://dokumen.tips/documents/grade-
learning-module-q4.html you-need-to-know-to-thrive-as-a-distance- 7-math-learning-module-q4.html
learning-student/

Modular Distance Online Distance Television/Radio-Based

Learning Learning Instruction

• How many students in your section are taking the modular modality of
learning?
• How many prefer studying online?
• Is there someone who chose television/radio-based instruction?

Question C: Covid-19 Vaccination

• How many people in your barangay are willing to be

vaccinated against Covid-19?
• How many are not willing? What are their reasons?
https://theowp.org/philippines-president-
duterte-threatens-to-imprison-those-who-
refuse-the-covid-19-vaccine/

The given questions above ask you to collect, summarize and analyze data.
With these, you have just begun your study of Statistics.

What Is It

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and

interpretation of knowledge obtained by the conduct of surveys and experiments.
Its fundamental purpose is to explain and draw inferences about the numerical
properties of a population. It has two main branches: descriptive and inferential
statistics.

Descriptive statistics is a branch of statistics that deals with collecting,

summarizing, and describing data while inferential statistics deals with drawing
conclusions and/or making inferences concerning a population-based only on
sample data.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 5|P age

Functions or Uses of Statistics
A. Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and exact description of
a phenomenon of nature.
B. Statistics helps in the proper and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in
any field of study.
C. Statistics helps in collecting an appropriate quantitative data.
D. Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a suitable tabular and graphic
form for an easy and clear comprehension of the data.
E. Statistics helps in drawing valid inferences, along with a measure of their
reliability about the population parameters from the sample data.

Some examples where Statistics is involved:

• 46% of people polled trust the present government, while 14% doubt the
government’s capacity, and the rest abstained.
• A school's drop-out rate has decreased by 2%.
• 88% of people questioned feel that it is better to exercise at least twice a
week.
• What is the typical height of the students in my class?
• How many hours per day do students in the grade 7 class spend playing
games?
• The average performance of all grade 7 students in Mathematics.

Answering the questions above requires collecting more than one piece of data. These
questions may be answered by collecting data that vary.

Some examples where Statistics is NOT involved:

• How old are you?
• What did Anna eat for breakfast?
• The number of days in March

Answering the questions above does not require collecting more than one piece of data.
These questions are answered by a single/exact response. They are not answered by
collecting data that vary.

Activity 1: Statistics or Not?

Directions: Determine if each question/problem can be solved using Statistics(YES)
or not (NO).

1. How old are the people who have watched this movie in 2019? ______
2. the average age of my classmates ______
3. How many brothers does Martha have? ______
4. the number of planets in the Solar System ______
5. On average, how old are the dogs that live on this street? ______

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 6|P age

 What’s More

Two basic concepts of Statistics

• Population – the entire group of individuals or objects to be studied
• Sample – the subset of the population

Population Sample

Example:
Fifty teenagers are randomly selected and asked whether they have siblings.
Population: All teenagers
Sample: the fifty selected teenagers

Activity 2: Population vs. Sample

Directions: Study the given situation and identify the population and the sample.

1. Fifteen passengers on a flight are asked about the quality of the flight
attendants’ service.
Population: ____________________
Sample: _______________________

2. The coach wants to know which uniform the basketball team wants to
wear, but he only asks the starting five.
Population: ____________________
Sample: _______________________

3. A recent survey of 2 625 high school students found that 28% of the
students could be classified obese.
Population: ____________________
Sample: _______________________

4. The average weight of every sixth person entering the mall within a 3-hour
period was 146 lb.
Population: ____________________
Sample: _______________________

5. Thirty-nine nurses working in Mandaue City area were surveyed

concerning their opinions on the acceptance of a Covid-19 vaccine.
Population: ____________________
Sample: _______________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 7|P age

Levels of Measurement
• The nominal level of measurement is characterized by data that consists of
names, labels, or categories only.
Example: Political party to which each governor belongs, Blood type
• The ordinal level of measurement involves data that may be arranged in
some order but differences between data values either cannot be
determined or are meaningless.
Example: A judge rate some presentations as “good”, Rating happiness
on a scale of 1-10
• The interval level of measurement is like the ordinal level. But a
meaningful amount of differences between data can be determined. It has
no inherent (natural zero) starting point.
Example: average temperature in Tagaytay, average IQ of junior high
school students
• The ratio level of measurement is the interval level modified to include the
inherent zero starting point.
Example: Weights of garbage discarded by households.
Number of burgers you eat daily.

Activity 3: Level it up!

Directions: Identify what type of measure scale is being used: Nominal, Ordinal,
Interval or Ratio.

1. A satisfaction survey of a social website by number:

1 = very satisfied, 2 = somewhat satisfied, 3 = not satisfied.

2. The colors of crayons in a 24-crayon box.

3. Baking temperatures for various main dishes: 350, 400, 325, 250, 300

4. The distance in miles to the closest grocery store.

5. High school men soccer players classified by their athletic ability:

Superior, Average, Above average

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 8|P age

 Lesson 1.2 Simple Statistical Instruments

Data is one of the most important and vital aspects of any research study.
Data is any information in raw or organized form using numbers or symbols that
represents preferences, ideas, objects, traits, categories etc.
Statistical instruments are tools for data collection. Without them, data would
be impossible to put in hand. Some of the common statistical instruments are:
• Questionnaire – is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions
(or other types of prompts) for the purpose of gathering information from
respondents.
• Interview – is a conversation between two or more people where questions are
asked by the interviewer to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee.
• Observation - is a research instrument that researchers use all their senses
to examine people. It can be done through measuring and counting.
• Census - is a research instrument that indicates an official periodic count of
a population including such information as sex, age, and occupation.

Activity 4: Test Yourself!

Directions: Identify the appropriate statistical instrument to be used:
Questionnaire, Interview, Observation or Census.

1. the number of senior citizens in Brgy. Opao

2. the average height of grade 7 students
3. behaviors of preschoolers during earthquakes
4. personal background of 30 employees as to the following:
name, address, highest educational attainment, nationality, marital status
5. personal opinions of 10 individuals about the acceptance of a COVID-19
vaccine

What I have Learned

Reflection: Journal Writing

We experience a lot of collecting, sorting, and

organizing things or information in our day-to-day Journal
activities. As a student, give some examples of your Notebook
daily activities which you think statistics is involved
and how does it help you? Share your thoughts in
2-3 sentences and write these in your notebook.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 9|P age

 What I can do

Directions: Match each field of study under Column A to its importance of statistics
under Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Education A. Collect information about patients
and diseases and to make decisions
about the use of new drugs or treatment.

https://www.ibon.org/salamat-po-guro-ko/

2. Medicine B. Assess students’ performance and

correlate factors affecting teaching and
learning processes.

https://digitalguardian.com/blog/what-health-
information-system

3. Demographics C. Determine attitudinal patterns, the

causes and effects of misbehavior.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/
isometric-concept-society-3d-people-on-717009319

4. Psychology D. Study of the size, vital characteristics

of the population, and how they might
change over time.

http://psychlearningcurve.org/increasing-
community-awareness-of-the-value-of-
psychology-skills/

5. Business E. Monitor the status of customers,

employees, orders, and production.

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-
business-people-meeting-planning-analysis-
statistics-brainstorming-81930518.html

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 10 | P a g e

Important Terms to Remember:

• Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and

interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the
planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and
experiments.

• Population is the entire group of individuals or objects to be studied.

• Sample is the subset of a population.

• Descriptive Statistics are methods for organizing and summarizing

data.

• Inferential Statistics are methods for using sample data to make

general conclusions (inferences) about populations.

• Data is any information in raw or organized form using numbers or

symbols that represents preferences, ideas, objects, traits, categories etc.

• Qualitative data is data concerned with descriptions/attributes.

• Quantitative data is measured using numbers and values.

• Questionnaire is the most commonly used method in survey.

Questionnaires are list of questions either an open-ended or closed-ended
for which the respondents give answers.

• Interview is an interaction in which oral questions are posed by the

interviewer to elicit response from the interviewee.

• Observation is a research instrument that researchers use all their

senses to examine people. It can be done through measuring and
counting.

• Census is a research instrument that indicates an official periodic count

of a population including such information as sex, age and occupation.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 11 | P a g e

 Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements involves Statistics?

a. Jessica scored 50 out of 60 questions in a Math quiz.
b. The senior citizens are happy to receive their monthly stipend worth ₱500.
c. The proportion of deaths among COVID-19 confirmed cases has decreased
to 3.4%.
d. There are 12 months in a year.

2. Which of the following questions can be answered using Statistics?

a. Do you like watermelons?
b. How much does Susan’s dog weigh?
c. How many brothers does Martha have?
d. What is the average height of my classmates?

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of Statistics?

a. Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and exact
description of a phenomenon of nature.
b. Statistics helps in the proper and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in
any field of study.
c. Statistics helps in collecting an appropriative quantitative data.
d. Statistics helps in collecting an appropriative qualitative data.

4. The following statements involve Statistics EXCEPT:

a. The temperature in Mandaue City today is 330C.
b. A school dropout has decreased by 2%.
c. Children spend more than 7.5 hours a day in front of a screen.
d. Less than 5% of adults participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each
day.

5. The following questions can be answered using Statistics EXCEPT:

a. What do 7th graders prefer to eat for lunch?
b. What is the favorite menu item for customers in the local restaurant?
c. What is the maximum number of feet that roller coasters drop during a ride?
d. How many votes did the winning candidate for the President of the SSG
receive this year?

6. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

a. Natural hair color of 30 fashion models
b. Scores of 55 students on a Science test
c. Blood types of students in the seventh grade
d. Political affiliation of 1,200 randomly selected voters

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 12 | P a g e

7. A recent survey of 2 625 high school students found that 28% of the students
could be classified obese. What is the population in the given statement?
a. 2 625 high school students
b. 28% of the students
c. 625 students
d. All high school students

8. Which of the following statistical instruments is appropriate in identifying the

changes in the behavior of drug dependents?
a. Interview B. Observation C. Questionnaire D. Census

9. Ten women were asked about their opinions regarding gender equality and
women’s empowerment. Which statistical instrument is best to use?
a. Questionnaire B. Interview C. Observation D. Census

10. Which of the following research topic can be answered through a registration or
census?
a. The feedback of customers in improving one’s own business
b. The factors affecting academic performance of grade 7 students
c. The number of people aged 65 and above in Barangay Maguikay
d. The impact of social media and the internet on the behavior of grade 7
students

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 13 | P a g e

 Additional Activities

Create a Questionnaire!
Directions: Come up with a simple statistical instrument about a small group of
people (e.g. in a class, school club, family). Create a short questionnaire (two to
three questions) related to the topic of your interest.
Note: Your questionnaire will be used in the next lesson, please keep a copy of it.

See example below:

Name: ___________ Address: __________ Date: ________

Yr. & Section: _____ Age: _____________

Topic: Favorite Subject

Questions:
1. What is your favorite subject?
English Araling Panlipunan Filipino Science
Math ESP MAPEH TLE

2. How do you like to learn?

by myself with a friend in a small group

3. What is your dream job/career? ___________________

SCORING RUBRIC
Points Description
• Student understanding of the concept is clear
• Student always includes questions related to the topic
10 they have chosen.
• All question contents contribute to collecting relevant data
for the questionnaire.
• Student understanding of the concept is evident
• Student does not always include questions related to the
7 topic they have chosen.
• Only some question contents contribute to collecting
relevant data for the questionnaire.
• Student has limited understanding of the concept
• Student hardly ever includes questions related to the topic
3 they have chosen.
• Only few question contents contribute to collecting
relevant data for the questionnaire.
• Student has a complete lack of understanding of the
concept
1 • Student does not know what topic he should ask about.
• They do not know what kind of data they should be
gathering.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 14 | P a g e

15 | P a g e DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
What I Know
2. B
4. C
6. C
8. B
10. A
What Is It
ACTIVITY 1
2. YES
4. NO
What’s More:
ACTIVITY 2
2. Population: The basketball team
Sample: the starting five
4. Population: All people in the mall during the 3-hour period
Sample: every sixth person entering the mall during the 3-hour period
ACTIVITY 3
2. nominal
4. ratio
ACTIVITY 4
2. Observation
4. Questionnaire
What I can do
2. A
4. C
Assessment
2. D
4. A
6. B
8. C
10. C
Additional Activities
Answers may vary
Answer Key
References:

Book:
Elizabeth R. Aseron, et al. 2013. Mathematics 7 Learner's Material. Pasig City:
Department of Education, 1st Edition, pp. 290-293.

Website Content:
Khan Academy. “Statistical and Non-statistical questions” Accessed January 21,
2021.https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/designing-
studies/statistics-overview/v/statistical-questions

Openstax. “Introductory Statistics” Accessed February 3, 2021.

https://openstax.org/books/introductory-statistics/pages/1-2-data-
sampling-and-variation-in-data-and-sampling

Photographs and Images:

Evalle, Joseph Anthony. “Education in the Philippines.” Salamat po, Guro ko. October
5, 2019. www.ibon.org/salamat-po-guro-ko/.

Brook, Chris. “Doctor Collecting Patient’s Information.” What is a Health Information

System? December 1, 2020. https://digitalguardian.com/blog/what-health-
information-system.

Aklionka. Demographic. Free Royalty. www.shutterstock.com

Kirk, Jaye Van. “Psychology.” Increasing Community Awareness of the Value of

Psychology Skills. December 30, 2019.
http://psychlearningcurve.org/increasing-community-awareness-of-the-
value-of-psychology-skills/

Rawpixel. Business People Meeting Planning Analysis Statistics. December 3, 2013.

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-business-people-meeting-planning-
analysis-statistics-brainstorming-81930518.html

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 16 | P a g e

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: mandaue.city001@deped.gov.ph
Website: https://depedmandaue.net

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 17 | P a g e