ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.

HỒ CHÍ MINH KỲ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10

TRƯỜNG PHỔ THÔNG NĂNG KHIẾU 2024 – 2025
TT. PHÁT TRIỂN NĂNG LỰC NGƯỜI HỌC
PTNK-HUB

Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN

Thời gian thi: 150 phút (không kể thời gian phát đề) SỐ PHÁCH
Ngày thi: 03/2024
Đề thi gồm có 9 trang

* Thí sinh viết câu trả lời vào Phiếu làm bài (Answer sheet).
* Chỉ những câu trả lời ghi ở ANSWER SHEET mới được chấm điểm.
* Thí sinh KHÔNG được sử dụng tài liệu, kể cả từ điển.
* Giám thị KHÔNG giải thích gì thêm.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, candidate number and exam room number on your answer sheet.
Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.
Answer all the questions.
Read the instructions on the answer sheet. You MUST complete the answer sheet within
the time limit.
At the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

There are 105 questions in this paper.
• Questions 1-30 carry one mark each.
• Questions 31-60 carry half a mark each.
• Questions 61-90 carry one mark each.
• Questions 91-100 carry up to two marks each.
• Questions 101-105 carry one mark each.

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I. READING (30 pts) – Questions 1-30
PASSAGE 1 (12 pts)
For questions 1-12, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best according to the text. Write your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
MICROPLASTICS
Microplastics, as the name (1)_____, are tiny plastic particles. Officially, they are (2)_____ as
plastics less than five millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter—smaller in diameter than the standard pearl
used in jewelry. There are two categories of microplastics: primary and secondary.
Primary microplastics are tiny particles (3)_____ for commercial use, such as cosmetics, as well as
microfibers shed from clothing and other (4)_____, such as fishing nets. Secondary microplastics are
particles that result from the (5)_____ of larger plastic items, such as water bottles. This breakdown is
(6)_____ by exposure to (7)_____ factors, mainly the sun’s radiation and ocean waves.
The problem with microplastics is that—like plastic items of any size—they do not readily break
down into harmless molecules. Plastics can take hundreds or thousands of years to (8)_____—and in the
meantime, wreak havoc on the environment. On beaches, microplastics are (9)_____ as tiny multicolored
plastic bits in sand. In the oceans, microplastic pollution is often (10)_____ by marine animals.
Some of this environmental pollution is from littering, but much is the result of storms, water runoff,
and winds that carry plastic—both intact objects and microplastics—into our oceans. (11)_____ plastics—
plastic items meant to be used just once and then (12)_____, such as a straw—are the primary source of
secondary plastics in the environment.
1. A. implies B. means C. points D. aims
2. A. defined B. discussed C. clarified D. shown
3. A. carried B. destroyed C. advertised D. designed
4. A. processes B. textiles C. ingredients D. components
5. A. mixture B. collection C. breakdown D. production
6. A. led B. continued C. caused D. seen
7. A. economic B. social C. personal D. environmental
8. A. deteriorate B. decompose C. rot D. spoil
9. A. visible B. usable C. manageable D. convertible
10. A. marked B. consumed C. worsened D. cleaned
11. A. Recyclable B. Miscellaneous C. Sustainable D. Single-use
12. A. cancelled B. banned C. discarded D. reused
PASSAGE 2 (7 pts)
For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best according to the text. Write your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
COVID is officially no longer a global health emergency
– here’s what that means (and what we’ve learned along the way)
As we move into this next phase, it’s time to consider what we’ve learned about human behaviour
during the pandemic, and what happens next.
In the early days of the pandemic, many behavioural scientists, myself included, wondered whether
some of our pandemic habits were here to stay. Would face masks become a regular wardrobe staple?
Would people stop “soldiering on” and going into work when unwell?
It turned out that for most people, the pandemic hasn’t permanently changed our behaviour and
habits or created a “new normal”. Looking again at the UK, face mask use has consistently declined, with
figures from last month suggesting that fewer than one in six adults had worn a face mask recently. Regular
use is likely much less common. Social distancing has long since disappeared, except for a relatively small
proportion of the public, in particular those most vulnerable to COVID.
The COVID pandemic has taught us how adaptive behaviour can be, in particular how much people
were willing to change their behaviour to keep themselves and others safe. Most people followed the rules
during the height of the pandemic, no matter how difficult. COVID has reminded us how resilient we
humans can be. These pandemic adaptations, and the fact that our pre-pandemic behaviour bounced back
so quickly, shows how important social cues and social norms are to behaviour. Putting on a mask or
keeping our distance from others were habits – actions triggered automatically in response to contextual
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cues, such as seeing signs with pictures of people socially distancing. Social norms – what we think others
are doing – were key to vaccine uptake and to our uptake of preventative measures in general. As these
contextual cues disappeared and the social norms started to change, and as vaccine coverage increased
and the risk to the majority decreased, our behaviour changed.
As we mark the end of the emergency phase it’s important to remember the nearly seven million
lives lost due to COVID since 2020. And of course, we must consider that for some, especially those who
are clinically vulnerable, the emergency is not yet over, and may never be. Although it’s no longer a public
health emergency of international concern, as the WHO reminds us, COVID is still responsible for
millions of infections and thousands of deaths each week around the world. Also, thanks to long COVID,
hundreds of millions of people are in need of longer-term care.
In the future, we need to move from relying on the resilience of individuals to building resilience in
our institutions. We can all take measures to continue to protect ourselves and those around us from
COVID and other respiratory viruses (such as by hand washing and keeping up to date with vaccinations).
But responsibility for preventing public health emergencies shouldn’t rest solely in the hands of the public.
Actions that governments, employers and health authorities can take now could protect against future
public health emergencies. Systematically tackling misinformation, improving ventilation in schools,
workplaces and other public indoor spaces, and making longer-term improvements to paid sick leave are
all good ways to start building more resilient societies in preparation for the next pandemic. Hopefully
this is something we will never see in our lifetimes.

13. What does the phrase "soldiering on" mean in the passage?
A. continuing to work diligently despite experiencing symptoms of illness
B. participating in military activities during a global health emergency
C. wearing face masks and maintaining social distancing
D. adapting to changes in behavior and habits during the pandemic
14. What does the term "vulnerable" in the passage refer to?
A. individuals who are more likely to spread COVID-19 to others
B. people who have recovered from COVID-19 and are now immune
C. individuals who are at higher risk of severe illness or complications from COVID-19
D. individuals who have not yet received the COVID-19 vaccine
15. Which of the following best describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human behavior?
A. It has permanently changed people's behavior, leading to a "new normal."
B. It has led to an on-going, irreversible increase in face mask use and social distancing.
C. It has caused people to rely more on institutions for protection against respiratory viruses.
D. It has had a temporary effect on human behavior.
16. What role did social cues and social norms play in people's behavior during the pandemic?
A. They had no influence on people's actions.
B. They triggered automatic responses, such as wearing masks and social distancing.
C. They had a minimal impact on vaccine uptake and other preventative measures.
D. They only affected vulnerable individuals.
17. What is the current status of COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
A. It is no longer a public health emergency of international concern.
B. It has been completely eradicated worldwide.
C. It continues to be a global health emergency with no signs of improvement.
D. It is responsible for millions of deaths each week.
18. What should be the focus of future efforts to prevent public health emergencies?
A. cultivating resilience in individuals through personal measures like hand washing and vaccinations
B. placing the responsibility solely on governments, employers, and health authorities
C. emphasizing institutional endeavors such as addressing misinformation
D. relying on social norms to guide behavior during emergencies
19. Which of the following best describes the author’s primary purpose?
A. to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on human behavior and habits
B. to emphasize the importance of social cues and social norms in shaping behavior during the pandemic
C. to propose measures for developing resilience in institutions to prevent future public health
emergencies
D. to reflect on human behavior throughout the pandemic and contemplate future actions

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PASSAGE 3 (5 pts)
For questions 20-24, read the text and fill the numbered […] with the correct sentence (A-G). There are
two extra sentences which you do not need to use. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Hope isn’t the same as glass-half-full thinking. Hope is applicable even when the glass is only a
third full or has nothing in it at all. That’s because true hope isn’t about living in a fantasy world; it’s about
living in this one. For instance, it doesn’t deny suffering and pain.
[20] In a study in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology in 2009, Feldman and colleagues
asked college students to name seven goals they wanted to accomplish within the next several months.
[21] Three months later, they were asked to look back at their list of goals and rate how much progress
they had made for each. The results were straightforward: those who had greater hope for a goal at the
beginning of the study were more likely to report having accomplished that goal by the end of the study.
This isn’t because hope has magical powers. It’s because, when people believe a goal they care about
is possible to achieve, they’re more likely to take steps to make it happen.
But hope is more than a feeling. [22] The actor Jane Fonda certainly expressed this perspective when
she said: ‘Hope is activism.’
Her assertion accords nicely with the most widely researched model of hope in the psychological
literature, known simply as Hope Theory. Although dubbed a ‘theory’, this model has been supported by
hundreds of studies since it was first proposed by the psychologist C R Snyder in 1989.
Snyder took a grassroots approach. Over the course of a working sabbatical year from his job at the
University of Kansas, he approached community leaders, including politicians, clergy, educators and
business leaders, asking them to name the most hopeful people they knew, using whatever definition of
hope they wanted. [23] What he discovered was a surprisingly simple, yet powerful view of hope.
[24] Although Snyder called these the three ‘components’ of hope, it may be more useful to think of
them as the three conditions for hope to thrive.

A. It’s a way of thinking that pushes us to take action.

B. Then, he interviewed as many people on their lists as he could.
C. And research shows that, when people have hope, their goals are more likely to become reality.
D. As Barack Obama expressed in the title of his book The Audacity of Hope (2006), hope is
audacious.
E. Namely, he realised that hopeful people shared three things in common – goals, pathways and
agency.
F. Then the students were given a brief psychological test, known as the Goal-Specific Hope Scale,
for each of these goals.
G. Technology has also contributed significantly to the ever-changing definition of hope.

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 PASSAGE 4 (6 pts)
For questions 25-30, you are going to read an adapted extract from a book. Six paragraphs have been
removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one that fits each gap (25-30). There is
one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
LANGUAGE AND REALITY
One morning in the rainforested uplands of Kri Words directly reflect this perceptual prominence.
territory in central Laos, I was traveling between According to this view, when Baai turned to Kham and
village hamlets as I sought to learn more about the Kri said vung vaawq, it was an intellectual act, a sheer
language during my first field expedition to the area. expression of mental interest in distinguishing bird
All my energy was focused on building a vocabulary of species and an act that was possible because the Kri
the language. I had my notebook at the ready every language has a word for this bird.
minute. Two village men, Baai and Kham, were 28
heading in the same direction as I was, and so they gave This is the case with the Kri word for the crested argus.
me a ride in their longboat. Kri speakers do not hunt, breed, catch, or otherwise use
25 these birds, or any other birds for that matter. Does this
That morning, we sat in file, pushing along through a mean the word vung vaawq cannot be explained in
still and spacious river pool with no perceptible flow. utilitarian terms?
The only sound was the light cutting of oars into the 29
mirror-like water and the trickle of runoff. Suddenly, Let’s return to the crested argus. That day on the river,
an enormous bird emerged from the jungle overstory to when Baai turned to Kham and said the name of the
our right, arcing high over the open expanse of river bird, one possibility is that he was taking a simple
and heading north. At the front of the boat, Baai opportunity for social bonding through sharing
pointed up. He turned to look at Kham and called out experience. In that boat, both men individually had the
vung vaawq! same visual experience of seeing the bird, but when
26 Baai looked at Kham and called its name, it was a
Later that evening, I puzzled over that moment as I public act that took two parallel experiences and
checked my notes. From photographs, I figured out converted them into a shared experience. Pointing
which bird Baai had referred to. But why, in that something out serves a bonding function between
moment, had Baai turned to look at Kham and say the people by aligning their attention on a common focus.
bird’s name? Just think about what this little example 30
of language use consists of. A man sees something After all, Kri speakers know well over a hundred bird
interesting, turns to his companion, and says the word species names and yet have virtually no direct
for the thing out loud. If languages are problem-solving interactions with birds or any practical uses for them.
systems, what problem was Baai solving by calling out They don’t raise or eat birds apart from chickens.
the word for the crested argus that day? According to the commonsense referential view of
27 language, we have words to convey information about
the world and to update others about things they
haven’t experienced themselves. But in this case, the
function of the word arguably has more to do with
matters of social coordination and social bonding.
A. A long-standing scientific debate points to some possible answers. Why is it that “only a small subset
of the species diversity in any one local habitat is ever recognized linguistically by local human
populations”? The cognitive anthropologist Brent Berlin has pointed to two possible explanations. One
is the intellectualist view: languages make the distinctions they make because human beings are
inherently interested in acknowledging—by naming—the distinctions that are perceptually most
prominent in nature.
B. Kri territory is nestled just to the west of the Annamite Cordillera, the mountain chain whose ridge
serves as the Laos-Vietnam border, near where Vietnam is at its narrowest. The riverine environment
features chains of river pools, expanses of still water that create breaks in the forest canopy. Traveling
along these pools quietly in a canoe is a time to see wildlife, such as bands of macaques coming down
to drink at the edge of the river, or to hear the calls of gibbons from the distant hilltops.
C. There are words for plants that appear to be of no direct utility to people who know the word—that is,
where there are no consequences of knowing or not knowing those plants. But there is what we might

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 call indirect utility. An example of the indirect utility of knowing a particular tree species is being able
to distinguish it from others.
D. We should also note that Baai’s act of saying the bird’s name may also have been a display of expertise.
Maybe he was bragging: I know what that bird is called. Could it be that the only reason the Kri
language even has a word for that bird is so that speakers can display that they know it?
E. This is the Kri word for the crested argus (Rheinardia ocellata), a spectacular peafowl-like pheasant of
the forest. And as quick as that, the great bird was gone. That was all. Everyone was silent, and on we
went.
F. One idea is that the ideal communicative system would combine “perfectly informative (lossless)
communication with perfect simplicity (no cognitive cost),” that is, telepathy or mind reading. But
nothing remotely like literal mind reading is necessary if your purpose is to coordinate with someone.
G. Another view is utilitarian. According to this view, the naming of a plant or animal in a language will
be guided by the “practical consequences of knowing or not knowing [that] plant or animal” in the
relevant cultural context. An obvious problem with this claim is that languages often have words for
plants and animals that are of no obvious utility to speakers, whether this utility be concerned with the
need to pursue, avoid, or otherwise be invested in the ability to identify a life form.
II. USE OF LANGUAGE (35 pts) – Questions 31-80
GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (15 pts)
For questions 31-60, choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) which fits best. Write your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET.
31. An example of ‘benevolent’ racism is the _______ that Asian Americans are all academically gifted
and prioritize their family above all else.
A. deduction B. hypothesis C. assumption D. argument
32. Every system, no matter how well-designed, is _______ to the occasional machine error.
A. susceptible B. vulnerable C. subjected D. admissible
33. The earliest evidence of recording pictures go _______ 35,000 years ago.
A. as far back as B. back far as C. farther back than D. so far back as
34. Factory farming, particularly the production of beef, takes a considerable ______ on our environment.
A. fee B. toll C. fare D. price
35. The moon is thought _______ more than 4 billion years ago, not long after Earth.
A. to have formed B. to be formed C. of having formed D. to have been forming
36. In her anger, she _______ her family, accusing them of not supporting her and secretly hoping for her
failure.
A. tore apart B. laid into C. got off at D. screwed up
37. I bet most of you wouldn’t ______ a week working at a fast food restaurant.
A. keep B. spend C. last D. stand
38. My 90-year-old grandfather still remembers ______ 10 years on a sea journey before settling down.
A. having been spending B. to have spent C. to spend D. spending
39. The food critic turned his ______ up at the dish, and the chef’s heart sank.
A. brows B. nose C. lips D. eyes
40. ______ from the Bronx, New York, the breakout rapper is inspired by the resilience of his community.
A. Being hailed B. Hailing C. Hailed D. Having hailed
41. I’m not surprised your foul mouth got you into trouble. That was always on ______ for you.
A. the horizon B. the cards C. point D. the go
42. ______ to our financial advice, he wouldn’t be knee-deep in debt now.
A. Were it not for his listening B. Had he not listened
C. Were he to listen D. Had he listened
43. School ______ measures, such as doing lines on the board and detention, produce no positive results
on students’ behavior.
A. punishable B. penal C. penalizing D. punitive
44. The politician got ______ when asked about his campaign funds being spent on personal purchases.
A. hot under the collar B. cold feet C. a chip on his shoulder D. a bone to pick

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45. There is valid criticism of higher education being overly academic. ______, college students can still
enhance their employability within the framework of academia.
A. In other words B. Indeed C. Contrarily D. That said
46. The Black Death killed close to 75 million people, the ______ of one third of the European population
then.
A. equivalent B. equality C. equity D. equilibrium
47. Leonardo Da Vinci was not only a famed artist but also a prolific inventor, whose creations ______
into the hundreds.
A. figure B. count C. number D. estimate
48. Mary ______________ her way up from a temp worker to head of the department in just 3 years.
A. found B. wormed C. worked D. dug
49. Never accept something you find on the Internet at face ______ without fact-checking and finding
out the context.
A. merit B. value C. worth D. front
50. The Head of PR is absolutely ______ that staging a scandal would bring the brand back into the center
of attention.
A. assured B. persuaded C. convinced D. swayed
51. Life-long education, ______ , the idea that learning doesn’t end with formal schooling, has become
the driving vision for education in the 21st century.
A. needless to say B. that is to say C. it needs to be said D. as said
52. A.I. may ______ discriminate certain groups of people based on the data it is trained on.
A. illicitly B. explicitly C. implicitly D. duplicitously
53. The government had promised to clean up industrial waste near the town, ______ not much has
actually been done.
A. yet B. however C. regardless D. despite this
54. Mary is truly the ______ of the Earth. She volunteered multiple weekends at a soup kitchen for the
homeless.
A. sugar B. spice C. honey D. salt
55. The athlete’s current performance shows a ______ improvement compared to last season.
A. pronounced B. seen C. noted D. marked
56. The lawyer demanded the prosecutor ______ a more reliable witness.
A. bringing out B. brought out C. to bring out D. bring out
57. My 20-year-old daughter can hang out with whomever she fancies, and ______ to dictate her social
circles.
A. it must not be me B. far be it from me
C. as much as I would like D. no way for me
58. Getting fired was a ______ for me, as the entire company was later found out to be culpable for a
multi-million dollar scam.
A. blessing in disguise B. shot in the dark C. clean slate D. walk in the park
59. After 2 weeks of leadership change, ______ the most loyal employees have resigned.
A. but for B. not only C. all but D. all without
60. ______ no circumstances should an official abuse their authority for personal gain.
A. With B. By C. Over D. Under
CLOZE TEST 01 (10 pts)
For questions 61-70, complete each blank below with ONE most suitable word that starts with the given
letter. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
The first one has been done as an example.
Everyone who uses the wealth of language wants to use it in some way (0)__that__ is
characteristically his own. He wants it, (61)_________ a sense, as his private property. This desire is the
most genuine tribute we (62)_________ to our heritage because it is unspoken and often unacknowledged,
but it is steady.
Henry Seidel Canby said that style is like happiness: “Everyone recognizes it; everyone describes
it, (63)_________ no two people agree as (64)_________ its exact nature.” There are many views and
many mysteries (65)_________ which the student can delve, but for working purposes, style may be
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(66)_________ upon as our personal appearance in print, our self-image given in speech. When we
become personal about the language, we become conscious (67)_________ style, for it is through style
(68)_________ we make the language our own. A style, representing the sum total of choices made in
daily speech and writing, expresses our individual connection with that vast and confusing body of
knowledge known as language. It is (69)_________ of our surest and most creative conceits that the way
we write and talk must have features that mark us (70)_________ from the mass.
CLOZE TEST 02 (10 pts)
For questions 71-80, complete each blank below with ONE most suitable word that starts with the given
letter. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
If you (71)_________ writing a novel, I would strongly urge you to look to yourself before you went
elsewhere for ideas. As a writer, you couldn't possibly judge (72)_________ the majority of your readers
would be, nor could you classify them as if it is often desirable to do with an audience sitting in one room.
You would know only that you were writing for an unseen multitude scattered about the country.
(73)_________ would therefore be sensible for you to concentrate (74)_________ sharing some of your
own experiences and emotions with your readers and hoping that enough of (75)_________ would be
interested in the story and characters you create to make your material popular. At any (76)_________
moment, however, you would be dealing with only one person at a (77)_________. There wouldn't be
others peering over a reader's shoulders and influencing him to react as a group. You wouldn't worry if
thousands of people rejected your book so (78)_________ as other thousands bought and enjoyed it.
A talk is different. It is really alive at the moment of delivery, and so is the audience. The speaker
deals with a mass, many people gathered together and each feeling the subtle influence of the other at the
same time. A speech that falls (79)_________ on its face, so to (80)_________, in the first few minutes is
almost impossible to revive. You cannot afford to lose the interest of a substantial portion of the people
before you because soon you have lost them all.
III. WRITING (35 pts) – Questions 81-105
WORD FORMS (10 pts)
For questions 81-90, provide the most suitable form of the given word in brackets to complete each
space below. Write no more than ONE word for each space. Write your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET.
The first one has been done as an example.
The human body creates a lot of heat. In 0.addition (ADD) to that which we create by running or jumping,
we constantly use energy on 81.________ (VOLUNTEER) functions such as blinking or blood
82.________ (CIRCLE). These processes must go on at all times, without our control, even during sleep.
But unlike reptiles, which use only outside sources to heat and cool themselves, 83.________
(MAMMAL) systems need a consistent temperature. Therefore, heat must be controlled by a source from
the outside environment or from our own 84.________ (BODY) functions.
The part of your brain that alarms the body when it is 85.________ (HEAT) is called the hypothalamus -
a regulatory gland that maintains 86.________ (STASIS). It causes a person to shiver when the body
temperature drops or to sweat when the body temperature rises.
The body internal cooling system works by exhaling warm, humidified air and 87.________ (VAPOR)
sweat, which cools both the skin and the blood in the vessels beneath it. These processes work best when
the ambient temperature is around 70 degrees, and is 88.________ (OPTIMUM) when the temperature
starts to match our core temperature of 98 degrees. This can cause 89.________ (HYDRATE), leading to
the 90.________ (ABLE) to sweat due to hot, dry conditions. It also does not work as well when the
humidity in the air rises.
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
For questions 91-100, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must write FROM THREE TO
EIGHT WORDS, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:
0 Do you mind if I watch you while you paint?
Do you __________________________ you while you paint? (OBJECTION)

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 0 have any objection to my watching
Write only the missing words on the answer sheet.
91. Literature teachers tend to overanalyze. (SPECIALTY)
Reading between _______________________________________ literature teachers.
92. This is the fourth consecutive year the team has won the tournament. (RUNNING)
The team _______________________________________.
93. I really don’t have time right now, so let’s talk later. (PRESSED)
Since _______________________________________ will have to wait.
94. It appears that the informant accidentally gave us the wrong information. (UNINTENDED)
There _______________________________________ from the informant.
95. I dread long distance flights. (FLYING)
The thought _______________________________________ dread.
96. Scalpers immediately bought all the tickets. (EYE)
All tickets _______________________________________ by scalpers.
97. He is ashamed of his slave-owning ancestors. (SOURCE)
The fact that his ancestors were _______________________________________ for him.
98. Tommy never appreciated his wife, but the divorce was devastating to him. (TAKEN)
Despite having always _______________________________________ by the divorce.
99. The injury made it impossible for him to continue climbing Mt. Everest. (STOP)
Getting _______________________________________ Mt. Everest.
100. My manager treats me with respect, and that’s why I am still working here. (QUITTED)
But for _______________________________________ .
ERROR IDENTIFICATION (5 pts)
For questions 101-105, identify the five errors in the following passage and correct them. Indicate the
line at which mistakes are found, and how to correct them.
Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Example(*):
Line Error Correction
1 introduce introduces
(*) this example can not be written on your answer sheet
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each error/ correction on the answer sheet.
Line
1 Framing often introduce analogies and metaphors that can function as “tools of thought.”
2 An example is how you think about electricity. What is it, and how does it work? When
3 people talk about electricity, they sometimes portray it as a moving crowd of individuals.
4 Others describe them as being like flowing water. In an experiment, people were asked to
5 solve a set of problems involved an electrical circuit with different combinations of
6 batteries and resistors. Batteries and resistors have different properties, and understanding
7 them demands different kinds of reasoning. People were performed differently depending
8 on which of these two analogies they were using. The experiment showed “that subjects
9 using the water model (given that they understood the way water behaves) differentiated
10 batteries more correctly than resistors, and that subjects who used a moving crowd model
11 were more accurate for resistors than for batteries.” When the authors put it, “Generative
12 analogies can serve as inferential frameworks.”

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