UTILITY TUNNELLING

ENABLING
QUICK,, CLEAN
QUICK
INSTALLATION

Herrenknecht References
 Pioneering Underground Technologies.
For quality of life, environmental and economic
reasons, urban areas need efficient supply
and disposal infrastructures. Around the world,
Herrenknecht tunnelling systems are paving
the way for utility projects – economically,
quickly, and safely. Herrenknecht tunnelling
technology is customized and adapted to spe-
cific projects, for all diameters and all ground
conditions. On the basis of our entire range of
methods and services, we offer our customers
everything needed to build efficient tunnel
systems and pipelines precisely and reliably.
Exactly where they are needed.

10 Emscher Sewage Canal, Germany

12 River crossing in Texas, USA
14 Sea Outfall Sochi, Russian Federation
16 Electricity line under the Pyrenees, France / Spain
18 Drinking water for Buenos Aires, Argentina
20 Makkah Haram Sewer Line, Saudi Arabia

Link Tunnel and Deep Cover photo:

Sewer: 14 Herrenknecht Efficient underground
TBMs ( 0.98 – 6.95 m) supply and disposal infra-
worked on Abu Dhabi’s structures contribute
Strategic Tunnel Enhan- to urban development of
cement Program (STEP). cities such as La Paz.
HERRENKNECHT Utility Facts 4•5

More than Utility Tunnelling

850
Top technology and expertise

%
%
%
%
%

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0%

80
60
40
20

10
Electricity
Sewage
worldwide ensure progress
Water
Utility tunnelling equipment made by Herrenknecht
utility tunnelling machines from Herrenknecht are in operation around the world, mainly in inner-city areas. has helped to build new, efficient supply and disposal
infrastructures in more than 80 countries worldwide.
More than 850 Herrenknecht utility tunnelling ma-
chines are in operation around the world, installing
water and sewage systems and conduits for power,
internet and telephone lines. Building upon this
unique expertise and experience, we are working
closely with our customers to develop tailor-made
technical solutions that overcome all challenges and
create robust, sustainable tunnel structures – to budg-
et and on schedule, while maximizing safety for the
people and the city.

Use of Herrenknecht utility tunnelling equipment according to areas of application. As the world’s leading provider, Herrenknecht
The size of the circles indicates the number of projects. stands for:

vast experience and expertise

top technology of the highest quality
fully-customized, innovative solutions
smooth progress and expert troubleshooting
comprehensive service on- and off-site
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close teamwork with all project partners

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maximum reliability from start to finish

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Utility, pipeline, hydropower, metro, railway, road,

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mining, and exploration: Herrenknecht’s references

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include more than 3,100 completed projects around

the world. Our tunnelling technology helps to build
tunnels, pipelines, shafts, and production wells in all
types of ground with diameters ranging from 0.10 to
19 meters. Pioneering technology from Herrenknecht
is creating the infrastructure to take people forward,
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paving the way for progress.

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HERRENKNECHT Utility Jobsite Solutions 6•7

Utility Tunnelling
All Around jobsite solutions

Construction methods for supply and disposal tun-

nels must be adapted to the urban topography while
observing high safety standards. Herrenknecht tun-
nelling technology can be installed under extremely
tight space constraints. The machines excavate the
tunnels and shafts underground following a precise
course exactly where they are needed. Our broad
range of additional equipment and services provides
high-performance tunnelling and high levels of safe-
ty – for site personnel, people, infrastructure, and
buildings. This includes all technical facilities which
are indispensable for efficient construction logistics,
for example, removal of excavated material or separa-
tion plants.

EPB SHIELD (SEGMENTAL LINING) AVN MACHINE (PIPE JACKING) VERTICAL SHAFT SINKING MACHINE VSM

Sewage system Sewage pipeline Target shaft

An EPB Shield is being used to extend the sewage system The remote-controlled AVN Machine is drilling a tunnel for The VSM is sinking a target shaft – safely, quickly, and
You can find more detailed information about Herrenknecht in soft ground with low permeability. The excavated soil a new sewage pipeline beneath existing buildings. An AVND precisely. Thanks to its modular structure, the machine
technology, additional equipment, and services in our pocket supports the tunnel face. Tunnel lining takes place Machine provides controlled face support pressure and can technology can also be used for inner-city projects
guide: “Tunnelling Product Portfolio”. immediately using watertight precast concrete segments. be used if overburden is shallow or diameters are large. with space constraints.
HERRENKNECHT Utility Jobsite Solutions 8•9

Sea Outfall Tunnelling

All Around jobsite solutions

The number of sea outfall projects is increasing

worldwide. This means that underground pipelines
must be driven out from the coastline beneath the
sea. The installed pipelines serve as intakes and
outfalls for desalination or sewage treatment plants,
for example. As part of these projects, tried-and-
tested tunnelling technologies and methods by
Herrenknecht are used to efficiently and safely drill
beneath the seabed, ensuring optimum protection
of sensitive ecosystems.

PIPE THRUSTER (DIRECT PIPE ® METHOD) SEPARATION PLANTS

Launch pit Slurry circuit

The Pipe Thruster transfers the necessary thrust force to the Efficient and sequential processes separate and remove the
microtunnelling machine via the pipeline, installing intake excavated soil from the bentonite suspension – a mixture
and outfall pipelines safely and quickly deep beneath the sea of water and thixotropic clay. The cleaned suspension is then
using the Direct Pipe ® method. transferred back to the slurry circuit.

AVN MACHINE (DIRECT PIPE ® METHOD) AVN MACHINE (PIPE JACKING)

Intake pipeline Protection pipeline

The AVN Microtunnelling Machine welded to the end of The remote-controlled AVN Machine installs protection
You can find more detailed information about Herrenknecht the pipeline excavates the soil and installs the seawater pipes for drinking water pipelines using trenchless methods,
technology, additional equipment, and services in our pocket intake pipeline in a single step. Subsequently, the machine providing drinking water directly to the population.
guide: “Tunnelling Product Portfolio”. is recovered from the sea.
HERRENKNECHT Utility References 10 • 11

Emscher Sewage Canal “ YOU CAN RELY ON HERRENKNECHT

AND THEIR MACHINES. THEY
KNOW WHAT THEYˇRE DOING AND
Large project, small diameter YOU HAVE AN EXPERT ON THE
PROJECT YOU CAN ALWAYS TURN TO.”
Irina Zolotareva, Civil Engineer, Porr AG

It is a sewage project of superlatives. And Herren-
knecht has been advancing the progress of the proj-
ect for more than 20 years with tunnel boring ma-
chines, service and additional equipment. The main
collector alone of the Emscher sewer comes to a
total of 73 kilometers of tunnel. In addition, hundreds
of kilometers of feeder lines and shafts have been
built. Around 50 kilometers of the main collector were
bored by nine Herrenknecht machines: four EPB
Shields and five AVN and AVND Machines with diam-
eters from 2.1 to 3.6 meters. The pipe jacking method
PROJECT DATA MACHINE DATA MAIN COLLECTOR
was mainly used for lining the tunnels. For a construc-
tion lot with segmental lining, Herrenknecht designed
the machine technology of two EPB Shields so com-
pact that, with a shield diameter of only 3.2 meters,
there was still room to handle the concrete segments.
Herrenknecht also systematically refurbished cus-
tomer machines and prepared them for the next de-
ployment with project-specific customization. In earli-
er construction phases, a variety of Herrenknecht Superlatives: Nine
machines from
equipment was used on the feeder lines, including a
Herrenknecht (AVN/
VSM Shaft Sinking Machine. AVND/EPB) tunnelled
approx. 50 km for
the main collector of
the Emscher Sewage
PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS Canal.

Contractor: 4 x EPB Shield Use of various Herrenknecht

Porr AG,
Wayss & Freytag Ingenieurbau AG
Tunnel length: approx. 50,000 m
Geology: sand, clay, Emscher
marl
Diameter: 3,396 mm – 3,625 mm
Cutterhead power: 400 kW
5 x AVN/AVND Machine
Diameter: 2,065 mm – 3,140mm
Max. torque: 360 – 780 kNm
GROUP PARTNERS INVOLVED
technologies in the overall project:
EPB Shields, AVN and AVND
Machines, Partial-face Excavation
Machines, shaft sinking equipment.
Customer support through project-
specific machine adaptations, re-
manufacturing and on-site service.

VMT For safe and efficient tunnelling:

Navigation, communication cameras mounted in the crusher
zone to monitor tools and excavat-
Herrenknecht Formwork ed material or cone crushers fitted
Segment moulds, handling equipment with special water jet systems.

MSD
Rolling stock, launch construction

PROJECT BACKGROUND NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA, GERMANY

The River Emscher was considered

a “cesspool of the Ruhr”: an open
channel, extremely polluted with Emscher main collector
sewage from coal mining and
heavy industry and the feces of lo- sewage treatment plant
cal residents. In future, a new effi- Emschermündung
cient underground pipe and tunnel sewage treatment
system will carry the sewage from plant Bottrop sewage treatment plant
a catchment area of 865 km2 and Dortmund-Deusen
around 2.2 million inhabitants to Rhine
sewage treatment plants. The ecol- Bochum
ogical transformation of the Essen
Emscher will greatly improve the
quality of life in the Ruhr region Duisburg
over the long term.

www.abwasserkanal-
segmental lining pipe jacking
emscher.de/en
HERRENKNECHT Utility References 12 • 13

River crossing in Texas “ WITH DIRECT PIPE WE WERE

ABLE TO COMPLY WITH THE STRICT
TOLERANCES OF THE ARMY
Quickly and safely with Direct Pipe® CORPS OF ENGINEERS. IT IS A
FANTASTIC TECHNOLOGY.”
over more than 1,000 meters Jwala Raj Sharma, Project Engineer, Laney Directional Drilling

When the strictest safety requirements apply, suc-
cessful completion is all the more important. Cross-
ing beneath the Sabine-Neches Waterway near Port
Arthur (Texas, USA), the Direct Pipe ® method devel-
oped by Herrenknecht had to prove itself under the
watchful eyes of the US Army Corps of Engineers,
which monitors construction on waterways across
the nation. Within just 22 days, an AVN1000 and
a Pipe Thruster HK750PT laid a 48-inch protective
pipe for a water line over a distance of more than
1,000 meters. They crossed safely under both the
river and the levees protecting the region from flood-
ing. Under no circumstances were these permitted to
be affected. Direct Pipe ® lays pipelines in a single
step by combining two technologies: Herrenknecht
microtunnelling machine plus Pipe Thruster. During
excavation, the tunnel face can be controlled consis-
tently and safely using slurry-supported tunnelling
technology even in heterogeneous, water-permeable
soils.

PROJECT DATA MACHINE DATA PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

Contractor: Direct Pipe ® method: In only 22 days, 1,050 m of

Laney Directional Drilling Co.
Tunnel length: 1,050 m
Geology: sand, clay
AVN1000, M-1491M pipeline were laid with daily best
Diameter: 1,295 mm performances of up to 108 m.
Max. torque: 150 kNm
The flood control levees were safely
Pipe Thruster, HK750PT, H-186 crossed under and bridge foundations
Pipeline diameter: 48" bypassed with absolute precision.
Max. thrust and pulling force: 750 t (7,500 kN)
Direct Pipe ® easily handled ground-
GROUP PARTNERS INVOLVED water pressure of up to 4 bar.

VMT
Navigation

PROJECT BACKGROUND PORT ARTHUR, USA

In Cameron Parish on the border to Working with high

Louisiana, a gigantic plant has been safety requirements,
built for the production of liquefied a new water pipeline
natural gas. The new pipeline sup- was quickly laid with
plies the water for operation of the Direct Pipe ®.
plant from Port Arthur, Texas. It Highway 82 Port Arthur
Sabine-Neches
crosses under the Sabine-Neches Waterway
Waterway, one of the busiest water-
ways in the USA.
launch shaft
Sabine Lake

Pleasure Island
MLK Bridge
target shaft
HERRENKNECHT Utility References 14 • 15

Sea Outfall Sochi EXPERTISE

PROVEN: IN 30 YEARS,
HERRENKNECHT HAS DELIVERED
Long sewage tunnels to protect OVER 1,000 AVN MACHINES
WORLDWIDE.
the environment
A pioneering spirit was called for among all project ran out from the shore underneath the seabed. The Herrenknecht
AVN Machine bored
parties: For the first time in Russia, a sea outfall was In abrasive limestone and under high demands on
a tunnel to discharge
chosen for the expansion of the sewage system in cutting tools and slurry circuit, men and machine treated sewage far
Sochi on the Black Sea. To protect the environment, managed up to 30 meters a day. At the point where from the coast.
the treated sewage was to be discharged far from the drive ended, divers recovered the machine from
the coast. One of two pipe jacking drives out into the seabed with the aid of the recovery module inte-
the sea was planned with an extreme length of grated by Herrenknecht. After refurbishment, it began
2 kilometers. For the first drive, an AVN2000AH from the second sea outfall bore a few kilometers away,
Herrenknecht was launched in a 25 meter deep shaft. where it tunnelled 2,014 meters in only 100 days at a
Of the total distance of 1.4 kilometers, 800 meters speed of up to 37 meters a day.

PROJECT DATA MACHINE DATA PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

Contractor: AVN2000AH, M-1103M With best performances of

Zao PR i SS
Tunnel length: 1,411 m, 2,014 m
Geology: limestone, clay
Diameter: 2,525 mm up to 37 m a day, the drives were
Max. torque: 780 kNm quickly completed.
The Herrenknecht recovery module
sealed off the machine on the
seabed with a bulkhead and safely
separated it from the pipeline
with the aid of cylinders.

In abrasive limestone, the cutting

tools of the cutterhead and the
slurry circuit components demon-
strated their efficiency under
difficult conditions.

PROJECT BACKGROUND SOCHI, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Almost all densely populated areas

in the world are on the coast and
more than half the world’s popula-
tion lives within a 60 kilometer wide
coastal strip. Worldwide, sea outfall
solutions such as here in Sochi barge launch shaft
make an effective and sustainable
contribution to improving the quali- Black Sea
ty of life. They take treated sewage depth
25 m
far from the coast, where it is dilut- AVN
ed and cleaned further by micro-
organisms. Another application of
sea outfalls are intakes and outlets
for desalination plants.

1,420 m 1,250 m 1,000 m 750 m 500 m 250 m 0m

HERRENKNECHT Utility References 16 • 17

Electricity line under the Pyrenees

Two powerful double shields
in hard rock
Anything but a walk in the park: over 8 kilometers of
tunnel for an international direct current line under
the Pyrenees. With power, endurance and tunnel-
boring high-tech, two Herrenknecht Double Shield
TBMs broke through the rock. TBM “Alberas” was
launched in Spain, “Canigou” in the opposite direc-
tion from France. The double shield technology was
ideal for the tight schedule required: in stable rock,
excavation and tunnel lining with concrete segments
were carried out simultaneously and without losing
any time. Herrenknecht designed the back-ups in
such a way that segment and grout stocks for two
ring-building sequences could be maintained at all
times. Delays due to faltering material logistics were
thus ruled out. The result: up to 1,040 meters per
month of excavated and lined tunnel. Deep beneath
the peaks of the Pyrenees range, the machines broke
through into a cavern. As early as the design phase,
the engineers had planned the larger machine com-
ponents in such a way that disassembly could be
carried out quickly in the cramped conditions inside
the mountain.

PROJECT DATA MACHINE DATA Fast in hard rock:

PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
In stable geology par-
Contractor: 2 × Double Shield TBM The Double Shield TBM is a allel to excavation,
HVDC Tunnel GEIE TBM3500XH, M-1619M, M-1620M sprinter in solid rock: monthly best Herrenknecht Double
(Eiffage TP, Dragados S.A.) Diameter: 4,265 mm performance of 1,040 m. Shields lined the
Cutterhead power: 1,250 kW tunnel with segments.
Tunnel length: 8,261 m Herrenknecht designed special
GROUP PARTNERS INVOLVED back-ups for double material stocks
Geology: slate, gneiss, diorite, (segments and grout) deep inside
granite VMT the mountain. The drive was thus
Navigation more independent of site logistics.

MSD Designing the TBM components

Rolling stock specifically for disassembly in the
cramped cavern resulted in time
savings for the whole project.

PROJECT BACKGROUND LA JONQUERA, SPAIN; MONTESQUIEU-DES-ALBÈRES, FRANCE

For the growth of trans-European

networks, the capacity of the
French-Spanish power lines was Converter Station
FRANCE Baixas Perpignan
not enough. In particular, to reliably
compensate for fluctuations of
renewable energy sources or other Mediterranean Sea
bottlenecks across borders. In the
INELFE project (INterconexión
ELéctrica Francia-España) a 64.5 km
long, modern high-voltage direct Pyrenees
current line was laid from Perpignan
in France to Figueras in Spain.
A more than 8 km long section runs
through a tunnel under the Pyrenees.
Figueres
S PA I N
Converter Station
www.inelfe.eu/?-rubrique25- Santa Llogaia Photo: Inelfe - www.inelfe.eu, Philippe Grollier
&lang=en
HERRENKNECHT Utility References 18 • 19

Drinking water for Buenos Aires

Water tunnel construction with
EPB technology and on-site support
15 kilometers of tunnelling calls for reliable endur-
ance performance. Especially when it comes to the
supply of drinking water: in future 2.5 million people
are to be supplied with drinking water from the
“Juan Manuel de Rosas” water treatment plant north
of Buenos Aires. A key structure here is the tunnel
that conducts river water from the Río Paraná to the
plant. For speedy realization of the project, those
responsible opted for the simultaneous deployment
of two Earth Pressure Balance Shields tunnelling in
opposite directions from a single launch shaft. They
tunnelled through soft, cohesive, partly changeable
soil formations of sand, silt and clay. Throughout the
duration of the project, Herrenknecht experts sup-
ported the local skilled workers of the construction
companies. After an intensive training period at the
beginning, later on contact persons were also avail-
able at all times, on site and through the local Herren-
knecht subsidiary in Argentina. Consequently, at con-
sistently high machine availability, up to 583 meters
of tunnel per month and machine were built.

PROJECT DATA MACHINE DATA Twin pack: Two EPB

Contractor:
Aguas de Paraná UTE
(Norberto Odebrecht S.A.,
Benito Roggio e Hijos S.A, Super-
cemento SAIC, José Cartellone
Construcciones Civiles S.A.)
Tunnel length: 8,143 m, 6,558 m
PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
2 × EPB 3600, M-1453M, M-1454M To speed up construction, two
Diameter: 4,390 mm EPB Shields were launched from
Cutterhead power: 630 kW a single launch shaft.
GROUP PARTNERS INVOLVED Monthly best performances of up
to 583 m as well as high machine
Herrenknecht Formwork availability drove the project for-
Segment moulds, handling equipment ward decisively.
Shields ready to go
at the same time,
launched in opposite
directions, accelerated
the progress of the
project.

Geology: sand, silt, clay Thanks to extensive training of

the customer's personnel by
Herrenknecht experts, the local
skilled workers gained more and
more experience and know-how.

PROJECT BACKGROUND BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA

“It is one of the most important in-

frastructure projects in the country Water intake
Río Paraná
in the past 50 years,” said the Presi-
dent of Argentina, Cristina Fernández
de Kirchner, about the drinking
water treatment plant “Juan Manuel
de Rosas”. Up to 1.2 million m3 a launch shaft
day of drinking water are to be
produced here in the north of the
Argentine capital and fed into a
pipeline network supplying around
2.5 million inhabitants.
Water treatment plant
Juan Manuel de Rosas

Tigre
www.aguasdelparanaute.com.ar
HERRENKNECHT Utility References 20 • 21

Makkah Haram Sewer Line “ FOR THIS UNIQUE CHALLENGE

WE NEEDED A UNIQUE SOLUTION.
HERRENKNECHT OFFERED US
Right up close to the customer A COMPLETE SERVICE PACKAGE –
TOGETHER WITH 24/7 SUPPORT.”
with service from afar Ibrahim Balaban, General Manager, Saudi Binladin Group – TDRS

Extraordinary challenges call for extraordinary service.
Only Muslims are allowed to work on the construc-
tion sites and tunnel boring machines for the new
sewage collector in the holy city of Mecca. Tight
curve radii of sometimes only 80 meters had to be
driven below the busy ring road – real precision work.
At the plant, the tunnelling personnel were therefore
intensively trained on the machines assembled in
the same curve radius. In order to quickly support
the customer at any time if necessary in difficult
tunnelling passages, Herrenknecht installed a unique
remote monitoring system. It transmitted all the data
from the control cabin online and in real time to
screens in Schwanau. The machine design was also
tailored specifically to the project. The TBM back-up
consisted of ten particularly short and therefore
flexible segments. With hard rock cutterheads, both
EPB Shields were ideally equipped for the drive,
which sometimes passed through sections of rock
and weathered rock.

PROJECT DATA MACHINE DATA PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

Contractor: 2 × EPB Shield, M-1834M, M-1835M At the Herrenknecht plant, customer

Saudi Binladin Group – TDRS
Tunnel length: 1,100 m,
1,500 m, 1,800 m
Geology: rock, weathered rock,
soft soils
Diameter: 3,510 mm personnel were already trained
Cutterhead power: 400 kW extensively for the challenging drive.
GROUP PARTNERS INVOLVED With a comprehensive remote
monitoring system, Herrenknecht
VMT provided optimal support to the
Navigation customer around the clock from
Germany.
Herrenknecht Formwork
Segment moulds, handling equipment The EPB Shields handled tight
curve drives with radii of only 80 m
MSD with the help of modular, flexible
Rolling stock, temporary rail system back-ups.

PROJECT BACKGROUND MECCA, SAUDI ARABIA

Mecca is growing at an annual rate Project-specific:

of around 200,000 inhabitants. Tight curve radii were
2.5 million pilgrims visit the shrine driven through with
every year. For this reason, the short, flexible back-ups.
National Water Company of Saudi
Arabia is investing in an efficient
sewage infrastructure, which runs
under the city center. Concrete launch shaft
segments with two sealing profiles
and special inliners ensure the
secure removal of sewage through
holy groundwater.
Masjid al-Haram Support around
the clock: The remote
monitoring system
transmitted advance
Makkah Clock Royal Tower
data in real time to
monitors in Schwanau.
HERRENKNECHT Utility Worldwide EUROPE 22 • 23
Preston, GB
London, GB
Kiel, DE
Copenhagen, DK
Ruhr Region, DE ( p. 10)

Utility Tunnelling Cologne, DE

Bingen, DE
Göttingen, DE

Herrenknecht tunnelling technology Winterthur, CH

Zurich, CH
Stockholm, SE

at work around the world Prague, CZ

Vienna, AT
Budapest, HU
St. Petersburg, RU
Moscow, RU
Quilmas, ES
Madrid, ES
Montesquieu-des-Albéres, FR ( p. 16)
Padua, IT
Pula, HR
Bucharest, RO
Varna, BG
Istanbul, TR
Sochi, RU ( p. 14)
Baku, AJ
MIDDLE EAST / AFRICA
Algiers, DZ
Casablanca, MA
Baghdad, IQ
Sorek Desalination, IL
Ismailia, EG
Cairo, EG
Doha, QA
Medina, SA
Abu Dhabi, AE
Jeddah, SA
Taif, SA
Mecca, SA ( p. 20)
Bata, GQ
ASIA / OCEANIA
Seoul, KR
Manila, PH
Hong Kong, CN
Guangzhou, CN
Chongqing, CN
Kuching, MY
Singapore, SG
Mumbai, IN
Tugun, AU
Christchurch, NZ
AMERICA
Bowmanville, CA
Toronto, CA
Detroit, US
Miami, US
Beulah, US
Calgary, CA
Port Arthur, US ( p. 12)
A selection of utility projects.
Medellín, CO
Further Herrenknecht references
Mexico City, MX
can be found online:
Seattle, US
Santa Ana, US
www.herrenknecht.com/references
Los Angeles, US
Rio de Janeiro, BR
São Paulo, BR
Antofagasta, CL
MACHINE TYPES AREAS OF APPLICATION
Buenos Aires, AR ( p. 18)
Machu Pichu, PE
AVN / AVND Single Shield TBM Direct Pipe ® method Sewage Water Electricity
EPB Shield Double Shield TBM Partial-face Excavation
Machine
Multi-mode TBM Gripper TBM
Vertical Shaft Sinking
Diameter range in meters: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Machine VSM
HERRENKNECHT Utility Portfolio 24 • 25

Product Portfolio
Tunnelling technology for all geologies
and all diameters
Herrenknecht is the only provider of a complete range When selecting the optimum machine method, not
of tunnelling technology in terms of both diameters only geological or hydrogeological conditions of the
and geology. Each Herrenknecht machine type is rec- ground play a role, but also other project parameters
ommended for a specific range of ground conditions. may be important.

AVN
AV
AVN Mach
Machine
M ac hine HDD
H DD Rig
Rig
Ri Direct
D ire
ect Pi
P
Pipe
ip
pee®
4.2 m
0.4 m 0.1 m 2m 0.8 m 1.5 m

Vertical Shaft Sinking Partial-face

P ar tial - fac e
Machine VSM Auger Boring Machine Excavation Machine
16 m 12 m
4.5 m 0.1 m 1.4 m 2m

A selection of tunnel-
ling technology.
EPB Shield Single
S ingle
e Sh
S
Shield
hield
dTTBM
BM Gripper TBM
16 m 14 m 12.5 m Further Herrenknecht
1.7 m 1.5 m 2m
products can be
found online:
www.herrenknecht.
com/en/products

You can find more

detailed information
about Herrenknecht
tunnelling technol-
ogy, additional equip-
ment, and services in
Double
D oublle
e Sh
S
Shield
hie l d T
TBM
BM Mixshield
M ixsh
s hie l d
shi Multi-mode TBM our pocket guide:
12.5 m 19 m 19 m
2.8 m 4.2 m 2.4 m “Tunnelling Product
Portfolio”.
HERRENKNECHT Utility Company

The Herrenknecht Group

Cutting-edge technology and an alliance of
specialists to make your project a success
Herrenknecht is a professionally positioned and inter-
nationally oriented family enterprise. As global market
leader, we provide a comprehensive range of tunnel-
ling technology, additional equipment, and services.
Herrenknecht’s innovative and customizable tunnel-
ling technology can be used for all ground conditions
and diameters, and in all areas of application – from
supply and disposal lines to large traffic tunnels. In
addition, we offer innovative technical solutions
to successfully excavate inclined shafts and sink
vertical shafts down to great depths, for example in
mining for reaching new underground raw material
deposits. We constantly align our geographical pres-
ence and our product and service portfolio to the
needs of our customers and the market. We have a
network of more than 75 subsidiaries and associated
companies available worldwide. The Herrenknecht
Group employs around 5,000 people globally and is
preparing for the future with over 150 apprentices and
trainees.

H+E
LOGISTIK
Conveying Systems
www.helogistik.de Headquarters in
Schwanau: Shortly
after the company was
founded in 1977 by
Dr.-Ing. E. h. Martin
HERRENKNECHT Herrenknecht,
VMT FORMWORK Schwanau became
the company’s head-
Navigation, Monitoring and Segment Production Systems quarters. To date, this
Process Data Management www.herrenknecht-formwork.com is the main location
www.vmt-gmbh.de accommodating
design, component
manufacturing and
assembly facilities.
MASCHINEN-
UND STAHLBAU TECHNI-MÉTAL
DRESDEN SYSTÈMES Active worldwide:
Subsidiaries and
Rolling Stock Systems Multi-service Vehicles representations on all
www.msd-dresden.com www.tms-company.com continents ensure that
Herrenknecht is always
close to its customers.
Herrenknecht has
around 15 manufac-
GLOBAL
turing and assembly
TUNNELLING BOHRTEC sites for tunnel boring
EXPERTS
machines and addi-
Jobsite Personnel Auger Boring Machines tional equipment
www.global-tunnelling-experts.com www.bohrtec.com worldwide, among
them assembly
factories in China
Group partners providing additional equipment and technical services ensure (2 × Guangzhou,
integrated solutions and top performance on the utility jobsite. Chengdu) and India.
HERRENKNECHT Utility Experts
Experts
Efficient supply networks
are being created underground
Prof. Dr. Geoffrey West
Theoretical physicist and distinguished professor
of the Santa Fe Institute
Geoffrey West was born in 1940 in Taunton, England
British-born theoretical physicist studied at the universities
of Cambridge and Stanford, where he subsequently joined
the teaching staff He then went on to work at the Los
Alamos National Laboratory and was named president of the
interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico TIME
Magazine in 2006 named him one of the 100 most influential
people in the world Prior to analyzing the growth of
large cities, West shook up the biology establishment with
a landmark paper in which he showed how every living thing
follows universal scaling laws Now a distinguished
professor at the Santa Fe Institute, West is applying the
same math-driven network analysis to complex man-made
organisms: cities and companies.
www.santafe.edu
Do you know where the water that flows out of
your taps comes from?
The water to my house mostly comes from a runoff
from the mountains. But in our city – Santa Fe – the
majority of water comes from water wells which are
near the Rio Grande River, about 25 miles away.
Would you say that it comes from a well-planned
drinking water supply network?
My expertise has more to do with the infrastructure
itself, but of course one of the biggest challenges
of the 21st century is obviously water. Santa Fe is a
small town, so we do not have a big problem, but the
challenge is that we are depleting our aquifers.
“ YOU SHOULD MAKE SURE Talking about your experiences – how can cities
THAT EVERYTHING CONNECTS be planned so that they have a supply grid that
IN AN OPTIMAL WAY.” grows intelligently with them?
Even though cities look quite unique, they all have
measurable metrics. If you tell me the size of a city,
I can tell you how many police stations it has, what
the length of all the roads is, how high the number of
cases of flu is and so on. All these things are predict-
able to about an 85 percent level, just simply by
the size of a city as measured by the population. The
The
interesting thing is: if you double the size of a city, you
get a 15 percent increase of any metric, which also
means you get 15 percent savings in infrastructure.
So there is this wonderful economical scale that
comes with the city getting bigger.
28 • 29
Is that the case for cities worldwide?
Indeed it is. The way people interact with one another
is pretty much the same across the world, even
though they have different cultural manifestations.
I say that because it was and still is often forgotten
in urban planning. This universal rule applies both for
organically grown cities as well as for planned cities.
That means if you are building a new city or devel-
oping an existing city, it’s good to know what these
rules are. If, for example, you are planning tunnels,
people just plug them out on a map. But no one has,
as far as I know, put this in a conceptional framework
and seen it in terms of a network and the flows in that
network. But you should make sure that everything
connects in an optimal way. You have to identify what
the important nodes are and what happens if you
remove a particular node. As people and networks
develop, this forces changes that the architect did
not foresee. But now, people are beginning to think
in different terms.
What exactly does that mean for city planners?
Most of the characteristics of a city are determined
by network effects, not architects or politicians, con-
trary to what we might think. We tend to think of cities
as all those buildings, roads, companies, and things.
Actually, they’re a physical manifestation of human
beings and their interactions.
Do cities reach an upper limit?
The evidence at the moment is that the bigger the
city, the better: wages systematically increase, facili-
ties increase, and opportunities increase. But once
you reach a certain size, you may have to break it up
into smaller pieces. All we can say at the moment is
that an incoherent urban system of 10 million people
is much less efficient than one single city of 10 mil-
lion people. But one of the great things about cities
is that they create the challenges which they solve,
by bringing people together in an environment which
facilitates creativity.
HERRENKNECHT Utility Trends

Trends
Water infrastructures are being
extended worldwide

According to forecasts, the investment volume in water supply and sewage

infrastructures will increase, especially in the BRIC countries.

1037.8
BRIC (Brazil, Russia,
India, and China)
OECD countries
772.1
Total

623.9

483.9
413.9

288.2

— Expenditure
in USD bn
15

25
20

20

Water withdrawal is increasing worldwide. In agriculture, private households and industry,

withdrawal will rise significantly in future.

Agriculture Private households Industry

1900

20 1950
40 1995
90
2025
200

350
500
600
750

1,100
1,200

2,500 Herrenknecht equip-

— Withdrawal
in km³ per year ment creates under-
since 1900 3,200 ground infrastructures
under extremely tight
space constraints.
Sources: OECD Infrastructure to 2030, 2006 and 2007 (Photo: La Paz)
 Pioneering Underground Technologies
Herrenknecht is the world’s leading premium supplier
for all-around technology solutions in mechanized
tunnelling. Working closely with our customers, we can
meet any challenges and together realize underground
infrastructure of all kinds. Successfully and in top quality.

www.herrenknecht.com

HERRENKNECHT AG
77963 Schwanau
Germany
Phone +49 7824 302-0
Fax +49 7824 3403
pr@herrenknecht.com
www.herrenknecht.com