Quarter 3

Lesson: Produce Vegetables

Module: Transplanting Seedlings

Management of newly transplanted seedlings techniques

Learning Objectives
LO 3.4. Perform post-planting care on newly transplanted seedlings.
Code: TLE_AFHC10PV-IIIh-j-4
Time Allotment: 3 Week

Key Concepts
Care and Management of Seedlings
Water Management
Vegetables, being succulent products by definition are generally more than
90% water. Thus, water determines the weight and yield of vegetables. The quality
of vegetable products is also determined by the quality of water management. Many
defects of vegetable products may be traced directly or indirectly to
mismanagement of water supply in the production field. Lack or excess of water is
caused by improper water management. Plants react to these extreme conditions
by abnormal growth even before definite signs of stress become visible. (AVRDC,
1990)
Watering of the seedbed should be done very carefully until the seedlings
have emerged, especially when the seeds are small. Large water drops tend to erode
the thin soil covering of the small seeds and may cause it to dry up. Watering with
a mist sprayer is recommended for highly delicate seeds. As a rule, the seedbed
should be kept moist but not wet until germination is achieved. (AVRDC, 1990)
Watering during seedling production should be done preferably in the
morning. If watering needs to be repeated, this should be done in the early
afternoon. Watering late in the afternoon cause the surface of the seedbed to
remain moist at night, a condition favourable to the development of damping-off
disease. If it is develop, remove immediately the infected seedlings with the soil
surrounding them. Burn the disease infected seedlings and soil to avoid further
spread of the disease. To control dumping-off, apply fungicide on the affected areas.
Ten days before transplanting, watering should be decreased to allow the
shoots to grow slower and the roots to grow faster. The seedlings should also be
exposed fully to sun if they have been kept under partial shade. This process is
called seedling hardening and it assures high transplant survival and quick
recovery after transplanting. (AVRDC, 1990)
If the soil is not fertilized, a soluble fertilizer (ammonium sulphate) at the
rate of one tablespoon per gallon of water is gently drenched on the seedlings as a
starter solution. It is important that after applying the starter solution, fresh water
must be applied immediately to wash-off fertilizer residues adhered to the foliage
which may cause burning of foliage. (Bautista and Mabesa, 1977)

Hardening of Seedlings
INGO (2005), explains that it is important to harden the seedlings before
transplanting them to the field. This is done by gradually exposing the seedlings
one week before transplanting. Seedlings raised under shaded areas should be
exposed to full morning sunlight for the first day. Then gradually increase the time
of exposure in full sunlight each day for a week until the seedlings could withstand
full sunlight the whole day without wilting or burning the leaves. Likewise,
seedlings should also be protected from stray animals and strong winds to prevent
damage of the leaves and stem.
Bautista and Mabesa (1977), explained that hardening can be done in
several ways and should be started 7-10 days before transplanting. One way is to
expose gradually the seedlings to full sunlight and to withhold water to make the
plant wilt temporarily but not allowing it to lapse into a state of permanent wilting.

Pricking of seedlings
In case where seedlings in seed boxes or seed beds are thickly populated,
pricking must be done when the seedlings have at least two developed true leaves.
This is done by transferring individual seedling to another seed box, seed bed, seed
tray, or individual plastic bag. In pricking, use a dibbler or dibble in taking out the
healthiest looking seedlings underneath their roots while taking care not to damage
the delicate roots. Hold the seedlings on their true leaves and place the root system
in the hole previously prepared in the new planting medium without curling their
roots. Then press the soil firmly around the roots. Water the new transplant gently
and thoroughly.

Thinning and Rogueing

Some crops possess small seeds that are difficult to broadcast in the field.
They can be sown along a shallow drill and later on excess seedlings can be pulled
out leaving the healthy seedlings about 5 cm part. This is called thinning.
Meanwhile, the process of pulling out disease infected or damaged seedlings is
called rogueing.
Thinning is the process of reducing the number of seedlings in the seed bed or seed
box. This should be done as follows:
  Moisten the seed box or seed bed a few hours before thinning.
 Remove the weak, unhealthy and poor looking seedlings. Immediately press
back firmly the disturbed soil with hands.
 Throw the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil.
Thinning accelerates the free circulation of air which makes the seedlings sturdier
and healthier. If the right amount or quality of seeds is sown evenly, there is no
need for thinning.

The Vegetable Nursery / Shading Area

The facility for growing transplants, otherwise called the nursery, can be as
simple as a raised bed in a selected corner of the field (usually near the water
source) or as sophisticated as a glasshouse with micro sprinklers and an automatic
temperature control system. The common nursery facilities, from the simplest to
the most advanced, are shown. All of these nurseries seek to provide the following
condition for growing seedlings:
 Protection from pests, including higher animals such as chicken. In a
simple nursery, improvised fences, such as bamboo or nets are provided. In
screen houses, the protection is better since the seedlings are totally
enclosed. Fine mesh enclosures provide protection against many insect
pests.
 Protection from rain and sun. Excessive rain can cause waterlogging in the
seedbed, which may result in physiological damage to the seedlings. Excess
moisture is also favourable for development of diseases. Excessive sunlight
may also can cause damage to newly germinated seedlings. To protect them,
partial shade such as coconut leaves or nets are used. However, the shade
should be removed as soon as the seedlings are established.
 Protection against temperature extremes. In the tropics (except in
elevation exceeding 2,000 m where frost may occur during some parts of the
year), the ambient temperature is normally suitable for seedling production.
However, when seedlings are grown in glass or plastic roofed greenhouses to
protect them from rain damage, they may suffer from excessively high
temperatures during sunny days.

Ideal Conditions for Transplanting

A cloudy, cool weather and moist but not wet soil are ideal for transplanting.
During sunny days, transplanting is best done in the late afternoon to give time for
the seedlings to recover at night. However, seedlings that are adequately hardened
with slightly damaged roots recover well when transplanted in a well when
transplanted in a well-irrigated field, even on a hot day.
Transplanting Shock
 Transplanting shock refers to the temporary growth retardation or mortality
of seedlings after transplanting. This can be prevented by adequately preparing the
seedlings as well as the field. Seedlings can recover easily if watered frequently for
one week after transplanting. Protection during extremely hot days can be provided
by banana bracts. This procedure is generally labor intensive and is not normally
required if seedling preparation and transplanting procedures are carefully
followed. It is practical in small-scale farming when labor is cheap and banana
bracts are easily available.

EXERCISES / ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Fill me up!

Direction: Fill each blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on your
paper.
1. The facility for growing transplant, otherwise called__________.
2. Excessive rain can cause ________________ in the seed bed, which may result in
physiological damage to the seedlings.
3.Watering late in the afternoon causes the soil surface to remain moist overnight,
a condition favouring development of fungi causing root disease particularly
____________.
4. Protect the seedling from excessive heat or strong rain by placing them under
_________, _______.

Activity 2. Extract me deeply!

Direction: Watch a video presentation showing the proper care and management of
newly transplanted seedlings. Make a web concept on how well you
understand what you have seen. Be guided by the question given below.
You may use a similar web concept map below.
1. What are the care and management practices of newly transplanted seedlings?
2. How will you describe each care and management?
3. Why do you think it is important to know and understand the care and
management of newly transplanted seedlings?
Care and management Description
Importance

Activity 3: Let’s Get Physical!

In your previous weekly learning activity sheet, you sowed seedlings in
different ways. Observe your seedlings. Perform care and management of seedlings
like thinning, pricking, and hardening. Practice tender loving care (TLC) as you
perform the activities. Take photo as you perform the activity and send it through
messenger to your teacher.
Rubrics

Criteria Rating
1 2 3 4 5
1.Visited the area of a newly transplanted
seedling
2.Perform thinning activity
3. Perform pricking activity
4. Perform hardening activity
Legend: 1 = 75 – 79% 2 = 80 – 85% 3 = 86 – 90% 4 = 91 – 95% 5 = 96 –
100%

Activity 4. Count on Me!

Direction: Read and understand the question carefully. Select the best answer by
writing only the letter in your paper.

1. What do you call the process of pulling out of disease infected or damaged
seedlings?
A. Hardening
B. Pricking
C. Rogueing
D. Thinning

2. Which of the following is the factor which least affects the growth of vegetable
seedlings and transplant?
A. Climatic requirement
B. Nutrient requirement
C. Soil requirement
D. Water requirement

3. Which of the following should be done in pricking?

A. Hold the seedling on their true leaves and place the root system in the
hole previously prepared in the new planting medium.
B. Moisten the seed box or seed bed a few hours before thinning.
C. Incorporate into the soil uprooted unhealthy and disease infected
seedlings
D. Throw the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil.

4. What do you think is the cause of lacking or excessing of water due to extreme
condition of abnormal growth of the plant?
A. Excessive of sunlight
B. Improper water management
C .Soil proper management
E. Variety of crops

5. When watering seedling production should be done preferably?

A. In the evening
B. In the morning
C. Late afternoon
D. Mid night
6. How does pricking of seedlings differ from hardening?
A. Pricking must be done when the seedlings have at least two developed
true leaves, while hardening must be acclimatized in partial shad before
being planted in the main field
B. Pricking is a practice in seedlings production to produce uniform size of
seedlings while hardening the process of pulling out disease infected or
damaged seedlings.
C. Pricking used to harden the seedlings before transplanting, while
hardening must be done when seedlings have at least two leaves.
D. Pricking the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil, while
hardening must be done when seedlings have at least two leaves

7. What is the ideal condition for transplanted seedlings?

 A. Cloudy, cool weather and moist but not wet soil.
B. Cloudy, excessive of sunlight and dry soil.
C. Clay soil
D. Rainy weather and wet soil

8. The following statements below are the practice of thinning, except.

A. Moisten the seed box or seed bed a few hours before thinning.
B. Incorporate into the soil uprooted unhealthy and disease infected
seedlings.
C. Throw the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil.
D. Remove the weak, unhealthy, and poor-looking seedlings and press back
firmly the disturbed soil with hands immediately.

9. Before seedlings are transplanted to their permanent places to continue their

growth and development they must be prepared to avoid stress in the open field.
What is the practice of exposing gradually the seedlings to sunlight to
acclimatize them?
A. Hardening
B. Pricking
C. Rogueing
D. Thinning

10. What do you call the temporary growth retardation or mortality of seedlings
after transplanting?
A. Banana bracts
B. Direct planting
C. Seed transplanting
D. Transplanting shock

Reflection
Is post-planting care on newly transplanted seedling important? Why?
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References
AVRDC, 1990.Vegetable production training manual. Asian vegetable
research and development center. Shan Hua, Tainan.447

Bautista, O.K. and R.C.Mabesa.1977. Planting vegetables crops.In:

Vegetable production. University of the Philippines at Los Banos,
College of Agriculture, College, Laguna, Philippines.

INGO. 2005. Resource Manual on Integrated Production and Pest Management

(IPPM) in Vegetables. World Education (INGO) Inc., 2999 National
Road, Anos Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

2013. K-12 BEC.TLE.Agricultural Crops Production ( Horticulture) NCII. Learner

Material.First Edition.DepEd.

NCERT.nic.in/vocational/pdf/kegr102
Prepared by:
LORENA B. PASAYLO
LOREJEL A. ALIÑAB
ALOHA C. SILAGAN
WILFREDO O. PANTONIAL
 AGUSA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BUTUAN CITY

SUMMATIVE TEST
T.L.E_AFA_HORTICULTURE 10 QUARTER 3 WEEK 4

NAME: ___________________________________________ GRADE & SECTIO: _____________ DATE_______

TEACHER: ______________________ SCORE: __________ PARENT’S SIGNATURE: ___________________

Direction: Read and understand the questions. Select the best answer by writing only the
letter in your paper.

1. What do you call the process of pulling out of disease infected or damaged seedlings?

A. Hardening
B. Pricking
C. Rogueing
D. Thinning

2. What do you call the temporary growth retardation or mortality of seedlings after
transplanting?

A. Banana bracts
B. Direct planting
C. Seed transplanting
D. Transplanting shock

3. What is the ideal condition for transplanted seedlings?

A. Cloudy, cool weather and moist but not wet soil.
B. Cloudy, excessive of sunlight and dry soil.
C. Clay soil
D. Rainy weather and wet soil

4. What do you call the facility of growing seedlings/plants?

A. Empty container
B. Field
C. Nursery
D. Pot

5. Which of the following should be done in pricking?

A. Hold the seedling on their true leaves and place the root system in the hole
previously prepared in the new planting medium.
B. Moisten the seed box or seed bed a few hours before thinning.
C. Incorporate into the soil uprooted unhealthy and disease infected seedlings
D. Throw the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil.

6. Select the simplest material that easily available when applying transplanting shock.
 A. Banana bracts
B. Container
C. Plastic cellophane cover
D. Polyethylene bag

7. The following are the common problems in the nursery, except.

A. Chemical toxicity
B. Damping-off
C. Drenching
D. Oversized seedlings

8. Which of the following is the factor which least affects the growth of vegetable seedlings
and transplant?

A. Climatic requirement
B. Nutrient requirement
C. Soil requirement
D. Water requirement

9. When watering seedling production should be done preferably?

A. In the evening
B. In the morning
C. Late afternoon
D. Mid night

10. The statement below are the factors to be considered for raising nursery/shading area for
the newly seedlings, except.

A. Continuous supply of good water

B. Near the water source
C. Poor soil requirement
D. The seed bed should be kept moist.

11. How does pricking of seedlings differ from hardening?

A. Pricking must be done when the seedlings have at least two developed true
leaves, while hardening must be acclimatized in partial shad before being planted
in the main field
B. Pricking is a practice in seedlings production to produce uniform size of seedlings
while hardening the process of pulling out disease infected or damaged seedlings.
C. Pricking used to harden the seedlings before transplanting, while hardening must
be done when seedlings have at least two leaves.
D. Pricking the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil, while
hardening must be done when seedlings have at least two leaves.

12. Pricking is a practice in seedling production to produce uniform size of seedlings. The
statement below are the best practice of pricking, except.

A. Pricking is the transfer of seedlings to another seed box, seed bed, or individual
plastic bags.
B. Seedlings to be pricked are taken from a thinly populated seed box or seed bed.
C. A dibble is used to separate individual seedlings in order not to damage delicate
roots.
D. Pricking is practiced when the seedlings have already two developed true leaves.
13. Before seedlings are transplanted to their permanent places to continue their growth
and development they must be prepared to avoid stress in the open field. What is the
practice of exposing gradually the seedlings to sunlight to acclimatize them?

A. Hardening
B. Pricking
C. Rogueing
D. Thinning

14. The following statements below are the practice of thinning, except.
A. Moisten the seed box or seed bed a few hours before thinning.
B. Incorporate into the soil uprooted unhealthy and disease infected seedlings.
C. Throw the seedlings being pulled out or bury them into the soil.
D. Remove the weak, unhealthy, and poor-looking seedlings and press back firmly
the disturbed soil with hands immediately.

15. What do you think is the cause of lacking or excessing of water due to extreme
condition of abnormal growth of the plant?

A. Excessive of sunlight
B. Improper water management
C .Soil proper management
D. Variety of crops