—_— | > ee potnern The anal } variance Ss -pownrt} sl stati tice { — [onl for tt t ot syolfcance te bad on +- isan ? fossa ot testing the siqnitican 0 be ci to ~ =| : : [een tin sampiet means fn a Sitetation'’ when we —~ f have three ay move + fap] es to consider at a Hme an —L alternative procectsive $s neeclect for te ae the hy pothsi dim paint atian they have sthe same mean: foreranple: five fertilizers are applitd tn four plots ear oP wheat ard pe do} wheat oneach of the pelot ie Olver. We aay be rerted ta dnding out whethe tal effect op ‘thi se real izeys On th d ignifican dibeaent ox ‘in other eciarcts ’ aan tthe samples have barr 10M the same ni ecncsuer to this problem i ; provided by sthe techni 5 —[prarianee ie basic purhase apts cnalitic ott vartance kt to test thy basa neity Hp ehral meant. —Ha th an hum — Hida to a number of cculstt whi facta) whi ve be ——tilossitied as Auton Caysers and (i) Chance couse. | | | | nll nl a wlA) "i the “Sepmratio pup af caus fom the ‘ean \ tariation in the sanity te t fet. =. 2) of a aandam variable ¥ ay and_then comparing their ettimater cw 4 an some basic, ‘into K clatwe of sizer niy’n2,-— 7 fe factors (eausec) with the ettimate due to T anorctively » (N= Orn tme) fuse: ortcanus) ,the latter pring known As jo the Pollo: Experiorental esr oy Sh yay e767. + Ass options fox ANOVA Te yeep fin ANOVA tel is haved on Lhe bert siabistics- ose ee | Te te for vorance ratio) (or stati vasianes oatie) ' \ 1 td ih 1 ' alae aed 7 i 4- tut ia ANlovA , the din === ----Yiai an Tie g—atfimietiant oat meds = ; 1 ; 1 1 i i t : @) The observations are independent. Yrs ----- Yen Te & Panes TThe total miation_in_the_observa py dn Split into the following fwwo components i= Am ut on 1 due to atsiqnabl of maria on 9s due to Chance coset whi human hand. ; 4 i art hoot beyond the | icant dipfere nee betwweal inherent variability to tramiae sthe class meant ia withio he separate cla see To_particular, tet us contider the t —dippertat ations on the yield 1a ine same hnetd and stock) divided ii) U1 is dhe general pepper (i) gents naan ef per giuenl by Corral afta A= Ny Uy i=l N Aly ts the fired Hfeck | tho ue no Treat coutel then th the Tih nation Djtuation “the poncmelers —di* ja_thi raised G4) uv pu pull ct sls del u but wh} Bt egurntiy (r6nepinding) the model tt termed a = Suppas = " i i nthe aoncom etfett modal of the nuit hy nally ae outs o-lorge numberof Claw, tft of -the homagenrity af cta Choon by the ox pirimentt? To. b 4, t ne (tread ittd conttants Comkanwa) and she’ mock ut he auiy alt th ict moadol . fn this sp ‘ dS and doit some by potbeds | to the = “tieatmeals i factor wal) | consideed in Ye txprsiment s These toad uss vat have onty = Levelt of dncalownls then the cannot be etinded $0 thr other aemaining tread nnd mandel git oy poranatlats’ toadel to (factor levelt) tuhich ture not ennsidered Yin the fopcsimantl n i wt havea lovae = A + fi _ntimber_o) lo on. idevatido) + (i= At os + 2h os thee class optics, ane agus ask uh 4o.considenton of | Sei 3.) Whe 775 ax fired (unkrowa) Constants and alt the being dufined | Symbols haveAll thi oN burvationt beet Hacan > effec f° De 3s) gat Tad pen, dent Sy (0171021 Variance ka may =O _and aff under the thind ara ampino ut the gpodel C21) been —NulLtiypothesdc = le wont tn tot tht squal aE =O Population mean 44 ——_aationt (treatments). Hen, putt Fae ww ra at = Me = UL SS aeduisec in ue_—ged 3 Vv - *Hor % = o%, = Hot (uyew) = (Up -si)= 2 oe = (Ux-u) =o = & =0 Cy -u-<;] <0 i = 1 Alternative 4 pathetic 3 Atleast tuo of “the meant ys Oe awe dittnent. Brie tes Us = Mean of tht ith Class = 2 ead ® TNMUMi- ZW = NU-Nu= pe cavitereieieri ews y> f.- peau [Bur = (4y-TiJ=0 , since Ae alah sump the B= Ge fp > (3) dcationt of the Sotinns Cobsvetions) tum thely mean i eno. Hoe, tubs ag io (3) the ssc bse = ¥ (y= T = FF Oe) Fay gpa ng arta pe pe oI saa \ + From Equation (5) v (datviatinn (Pediclisal op = =F)" th Kn Observation) A ror tong (Grand mean | overall tag) it See eeehave’ (=!) decrees ofp dom @t)."' Since ily the atmnt sam quan $5 T= ar ree Oi (Y.-¥.)=0" and the enor Sum of square = =e (4x4 -i-)* itll have CNB) deoptes of 2 (ap). Siow Ht is bowd op N quantities ‘which bucked to 6 Linear conttrain de: (p=) 0 5 te 22,3, yk unde tH to dwatments, movider an unbiased e) timate m* (error uarians > E(so-¢ = (WK) &* > E[SS€/w-«K] = Gh iat, the (702 oan sim - square eucays give an unbiased ettimate of mh —_A a tut £ obtained 1 geaits than | dbulaied alu eae Source of | Sumop | dp | Mion mop | Aosianee | | vortatinn | Squares Sauron, Botip __| Galak] 8 [ea | gre oe Fation) | _ (kt) N-K | 43cm Se* Cochnan's theonm, thi halio of (Nek = : 3 Total Ned > fe |St 2+] [+[% 1 | = [8 l=] Tey 130 U ot Ub) mw) | wel [we a f= 3 Fallows snedeenss F (tonden Ser swith (5-1. Net) dlp ; na = Mn, Yo.zan aH ERT aoe : ae jqen do lhe bored ond Sack of th coun __ 1 factors ox Citta Us ca ed now Losi 7 - om f : = = 5 — 2 t Frealments ‘VanieHe of (ows Bau feb] foo man] u te = (ations) | 42 2 ----- jo hE WMEHD fh e zhk. ! i P 5; 2 Te a. Ty Toth annua latifolia tia uate fig [2 ee i Ti Le 1 pow cuppa” that the 0_cous area. i stack cach cocdaini 1 atemenh fist, a fonsiden the fb of fh Yield of mils from the Cow of jth ted on Stock ted on the nation© Great ments [fatinos) tock) af ou - Vari (Breed andae ation So_each. As thene %s_coly—cne_obsom : | ebsevation comapanding totht his of mean yield a} the ith treatment [hatton) =4 ue Te 4 (F242) 0) i ye ea me Rien Hy 2 Siow =o and Py =o i +t Hentt above og? teduces to 2 Fey, = bee S08 Fry hes =a Gy es 7 Te eT tH b>) -| wa >| y.. | > overall nun. > 0thetonr , |e = 3 = => ti) Granspusing Yu.to the belt st qd ove 1 fam Link "and § —foth side * OE 2 By th Bae (yj == ai- By) =0 =ku= ou - Ef; =0hy pola Apealmarnts—and the varitty aa Homnanenen tht out! hypothuer® for thacaleens and yar! Hoe? Ji. = ly. = 2 =i =a 5 3 TS$ = S-$T + 9 sy + SSF. Hay: Ab Jeauk tno Hiv; @ = thy # Ug oF Ie = @ Sp = St + Sy + Set t as Mths equivalents: (iahoy STE 3 (yy =)" is the total Sf | e Hy At toatt une of Lhe di "s_is not Zuo I Sth FZ (F.-G.Y iss. due to dvcolmendy at Md fo fdy =O SE SFY is thks die fo aotha av: MM Seay} one of the Bile is ool 20310- cand, $+ ZEUy-FcGy AF)” wthemonor void) PP tot fh fe | eeesumag (1 aya t ond j ont dividing by l= >. = wu + f.. oe iat frum population with aruiane 5° iy Yn.) ~——* Lapuctatinn of Toatmeat sum of cgumer (S57) ea E{¢.2)= Vue) = wy [red Blur ep] my i f(sst) = Sia + emi (RY/ai) ¥ NIRA) 5a Sp deb S eee eee i (ig ee = ES i ae aoe ee aes en fot (EE) ez hot bs) = = ot (4-1) t ny I> Mt ahnephows ty wt)he tits (Rw ay ut h nh? 2 gob) [= £ fix ipearel th F (i-f-)*+ 2h > ai i €(S:*) = 6 pdttht (> ob + pn sub ctila ECS) =a Janet -be le) fig hae i (Si? )- ht zh Faith “Cha ele) = (hy pacbor= GO ott vals we aelp fi tn Abiain the tilimalel of the blur Jas ton {eden Nand & sa) Ty. intesa sf = MSL («-ChyTate of all the obuyy? ih hy ye i Tye ts =" = DT = Y= FE Yyes tal of ou te abe in by ppm 2 ew EF (ay = 2 pi = of atl tie obi ® dah § abs § => () dyaai} Z yy > Dal Ss satanPayewie 7 ue Tash qe rye vA yy aa 2 p=2 SE Uy a= ds = By Ty) 0 Hngar_ pagel becomes p 2B) = pas Wipes a Bs 4 Pit Ba = TA i y. ¥; “ im pe J+ Ty -$i- F519.) L efi =O i rm ftt ry 4 Mion $ due ty fpcte A i TT e I~ a Jusior B= 33> (Pym), Se(P)_ te = (44) udu fe jaleatlva a Shap =f 9-1) » SE mt) d} | ie dr mon $s = oct a} i ow) Poftmey) z fi feapget) Spe lye) (pe tg) £ pal inal) which Vrepliv -thed dil au additive.- 4 — ; ‘actor B 4-1 $e Bor = ss 2 ae areas i Toberaclian | (1-1) a hrs She fre= Soe =a ®) i eqn | se eo eal egtm-) i