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ENGLISH PAPER 2 REVISION SERIES

TRIAL 1-15

101/2

(WITH EXCERPTS
FROM
SAMARITAN BY
JOHN LARA)

TEACHERS NAME:
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SIGNATURE:
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© Contact for Marking schemes -0756710486

TRIAL 1
1. Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow
All the interested parties in the education sector are impressed by the Kenya National
Examination Council’s measures to ensure this year’s national examinations are free of
cheating.
It is for this reason that the 276,224 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Examination
(K.C.S.E) candidates have 4,834 examination centres manned by 4,886 supervisors who
are assisted by 13,796 invigilators. All these are qualified teachers who have been recruited
mainly for their integrity.
The centres are manned by 4,886 armed police officers who are ready for action should there
be trouble. And as if this is not enough, there are 686 senior officers manning areas at
stations where examination papers are kept.
Before they get into the examination rooms, the candidates and thoroughly searched. Bags
containing question papers are opened by the supervisor in the presence of all candidates
and thoroughly searched.
Any remaining question papers are sealed and kept in full view of the candidates during the
particular paper’s entire duration.
At the time of sitting for the paper, candidates are under hawk-eyed invigilators. And at the end
of the paper answer booklets are sealed as all candidates, invigilators and the head teacher
witness. All these measures are commendable.
The KNEC deserves a pat on the back also due to the fast reaction Kenyans received from
it whenever the media report leakages, which, in any case, turn out to be hoaxes. In fact,
all doubting Thomases are beginning to have faith in the KNEC.
However, all these money-guzzling measures would be unnecessary if Kenyan students had
been brought up in a morally upright environment.
Examination cheating shows how morally deprived our society has become. It is a sign that
parents and teachers have failed in their duty of moulding the youngsters.
Kenyans must stop and think why the current generation believes in short cut to its desire and
does not wish to sweat for it. As Kenyans, we should find out if our education system is
catering for the students’ moral and ethical needs. Whenever things go wrong in
education, interested parties are quick to point accusing fingers.
Teachers blame parents and the society and parents blame teachers. This dangerous buck-
passing game should be stopped to save the youth who are foundation of the country’s
future.
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The responsibility of instilling moral and ethics rests squarely on education institutions. School
play a crucial role as far as the transmission of value is concerned as once children start going
to school; they spend more time with teachers than with any other person.
This is why what teachers say is gospel to them, and not even parents can make them think
otherwise.
A teacher can make a great contribution to the fostering of sound and religious values in
children by taking interest in their behaviour.
(Adapted from the Saturday
Nation, November 3, 2007)

a) Make notes on the precautions put in place to ensure that the national examinations are
free of cheating
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b) Give two reasons the writer attributes to the examination cheating.

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c) Why does the writer think that instilling morals and ethics solely rests on education
institutions?
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d) The KNEC deserves a pat for taking (strong) measures to curb examination anomalies.
Use the word in brackets appropriately.
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e) Explain the contextual meanings of the following words.
(i) Manned
(ii) Hoaxes
(iii) Guzzling
(iv) Buck-passin-

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Seymour: (Springing to his feet with clenched fists) That cannot be possible. Nobody can write
that kind of thing about me in this world!

Harvester: (Looking at Ted and Seymour) Copies of indisputable documentary evidence to that
effect were all over today’s newspapers and are being shared in all media platforms.

Seymour:(Resuming his seat and swearing with trembling voice) Those are fake documents!
These are all barefaced falsehoods! And I can assure you one thing: Those behind the
allegations now have their appointment with fate! Certainly!

Ted:(Sitting properly and looking up for the first time) Supply of air? I am beginning to think this
is serious. Could we end up in Baneta Express Prison?

Harvester:(Turning pages of his note book) But that is only one of the allegations, there are
many more,including drug trafficking, grabbing of public land, inflation of the cost of municipal
projects, use of proxies to secure municipal tenders, undertaking shoddy public works, murder
and gang warfare. The information is very detailed on the people and companies involved.

Mossi: There is a lot of personal information on municipal leaders on that evil thing, too;
including lifestyles of individual municipal officials, where they live, the kind of houses they live
in, their businesses, the vehicles they own, other properties in their possession, when the
properties were acquired, and a lot of other personal details I don’t want to mention here.

(Looking at Bembe) There was a lot of talk yesterday on the Madingo Golf Club, with everyone
Wondering where you got the money to put it up.

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Bembe:(Sitting up with an expression of horror on his face) The Madingo Golf Club? No! I have
always been very discreet about my private affairs! How did they get the Information it is mine?

Mossi: You see, there is hardly anything on earth you can do without somebody knowing About
it. You should also remember that those we regard as our friends are Sometimes wolves in
sheep’s clothing. And they may have a lot of information about us,which could be damaging!

Bembe: This might be our worst nightmare!

Mossi: What worries me most is the recent formation of a lobby group, an amorphous virtual
group, comprising mostly of lawyers, calling itself The Samaritan. It is calling upon the people to
volunteer as witnesses and help in the prosecution of those involved in corruption and abuse of
office in the Municipality. They are also planning to petition the Local Government Minister, the
Prime Minister, and the Chief Justice to take action. The situation is not pretty at all.

Ted:(Looking at Justice Jaden) Can such online allegations form a strong basis for prosecution
and conviction?

Jaden:(Adjusting his eyeglasses) Yes, they can; provided there are valid documents supporting
the allegations.

Bembe:(Throwing his hands in the air) I think we have no choice other than ban that thing
within Maracas Municipality! The Municipal Council needs to pass a by-law to that effect
urgently. I will enforce it immediately!

Jaden: (Adjusting his eyeglasses and then his tie) I think we need to be careful and strategic. On
what basis do you ban it? And how can you police the use of mobile phones to ensure the ban
is effective?

Seymour: We can think creatively about that. For example, we can claim that municipal
authorities are concerned that suspect Apps, particularly spy Apps, are finding their way into
our municipality. This may lead to theft of confidential information such as bank account
details. We can also cite issues of cyberbullying and the sharing of pornographic materials in
schools.

QUESTIONS

a)What is Seymour referring to at the beginning of the excerpt? (2mks)

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b)Identify and illustrate two aspects of style in this excerpt. (4mks)

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c)Discuss two themes evident in this excerpt (4mks)

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d)Discuss one character trait of Seymour and one character trait of Mossi as presented in this
excerpt.

(4mks)

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e)From your knowledge of the rest of the play, what two things does Mossi suggest could be
done to control the use of the Samaritan App? (2mks)

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f)From your knowledge of the rest of the play, briefly explain the origin of the Samaritan App.

(4mks)

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g)Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt (5mks)

i)Supply of air

ii) inflation

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iii)discreet

iv)amorphous

v)petition

3. Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

At the beginning of creation, Mwene Nyaga, Ngai, the creator and provider for all mankind
called one of his servants Gikuyu. He said to him, “My son Gikuyu, l am going to give you your
share of land. The land l am going to give you is full of ravines, rivers, valleys, forests and plenty
of game for you to hunt for your food. The land is fertile and your children and your children’s
children will never go hungry if you till it well.

Gikuyu stood still with disbelief. Mwene Nyaga saw Gikuyu’s hesitation. He took him to his
residence on top of the mountain of mystery, “kirinyanga” where He resided. From here, he
commanded a good view of all his lands. He therefore, wanted Gikuyu to see for himself all the
land he had been given. He showed him all the land and its beauty. He said, “My son , all this is
yours.” Then He sat back and watched Gikuyu’s happiness as he moved from place to place,
trying to locate the boundaries to his land. But no matter how hard he looked, his land seemed
to roll for miles and miles. Having inspected the panorama of his land, he quickly composed
himself and ran to Mwene Nyaga’s feet and cried with happiness thanking Him for the great
gift. He was sure that he would be happy ever after. But then, he felt a kind of loneliness and
his happiness subsided. What would he do with all that land all by himself. Mwene Nyaga
knew what was going on in Gikuyu’s mind. As he was leaving, Mwene Nyaga called him back
and pointed to him a spot far, far off in the middle of the country, where a fig tree, Mukuyu,
grew. He ordered Gikiyu to settle there and call this place; “Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga”.
Whenever Gikuyu was in need of Mwene Nyaga’s help in whatever way, he should offer
sacrifice to Him at the fig tree. He should raise his hands towards Kirinyaga, Mwene Nyaga’s
residence, and state all his problems. Mwene Nyaga will definitely see him and come to his
rescue. He also told him that he had given him a present, the most precious present in his life
and that he would get the present on his arrival home, his new home.

Gikuyu thanked Mwene Nyaga and being unable to contain his curiosity any longer, he hurried
straight to Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga. To his surprise, seated there was a young beautiful
woman whom he called Mumbi (Moulder or creator). They lived together as man and his wife
and were blessed with nine daughters but no sons. The daughters were: Wachera, Wanjiku,
Wairimu, Wambui, Wangari, Wanjiru, Wangu, Mwithaga and Waithera. Gikuyu needed an heir

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and his not having a son disturbed him. He then remembered Mwene Nyaga’s advice, “I‘ll
come to your rescue”.

He organized a sacrifice at the Mukuyu tree. He slaughtered a ram and a kid from his flock and
poured their blood and fat on the trunk of a sacred tree. He went to his house and called
Mumbi and their daughters. They roasted some meat and offered it to Mwene Nyaga. They
raised their hands towards Kirinyaga and prayed, “Thaai thathaiya Ngai thaai ………… “ He later
left and went home.

Mwene Nyaga quickly answered Gikuyu’s prayers. On the following morning, Gikuyu went to
the sacred tree and he couldn’t believe his eyes when he found seated near the tree, nine
strong young men. He was overcome with joy and he looked up to the mountain and thanked
Mwene Nyaga, his benefactor. He welcomed the nine young men and he took them to his
home where he introduced them to his wife and daughters. Food was cooked for them and
after bathing and eating they went to sleep.

The next morning, the nine men woke up early in the morning having had a good night’s sleep.
After the morning meal, Gikuyu called them outside the discuss marriage. He told them they
would marry his daughters on one condition: they had to live with them in his land. By this
time, the men had already made their choices. They were so fascinated by the daughters
beauty and the father’s kindness that they agreed to his proposal. Gikuyu and Mumbi were
overjoyed for they now had sons to inherit their vast lands. The daughters, on the other hand
had already started to show their preference of the men. They were also happy when the men
agreed to their father’s wish for they knew they now had men to protect them and give them
company.

Gikuyu did not wait long before making arrangements for his daughters’ wedding according to
the Gikuyu customary laws. He did not ask for bride wealth from the young men for he knew
they did not have any and in actual fact they were a blessing to him. The daughters got married
to the young men and they started nine differe4nt families. They were, however, united under
one name “Mbari ya Mumbi” which means Mumbi’s family group. This was in honour of their
mother Mumbi.

Gikuyu and Mumbi were the heads of “Mbari ya Mumbi” and the nine families remained under
them. They are the mother and father of the Gikuyu people.

As the years passed, Gikuyu and Mumbi become older and older and eventually they died.
Before they died, Gikuyu called all his daughters and their husbands. He told them, “My
children, as you can see, your mother and l are about to leave you but before we go, we would
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like to leave you with these words. All the land and whatever else we possess is yours. Divide it
equally among yourselves.

Remember that one finger cannot kill a louse”.

With these words, Kikuyu and Mumbi breathed their last breath.

The nine families continued to live together but the number of their children and grandchildren
were increasing. They become so many that it was impossible for the families to live together
anymore. They called a meeting where they resolved that each family should call together all
its children and grandchildren and live together as one clan(muhiriga). The clans were to be
called after the nine daughters of Gikuyu and Mumbi. This decision is the basis of the nine
principal Gikuyu clans. They are Acheera, Agachiko, Airimo (orAgathigia), Ambui, Agari, Anjiru,
Ethaga, and Aitherando. The nine clans lived in Gikuyu’s land but they occupied different parts
of it.

Questions

(a) Classify the above narrative fully. (2mks)

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(b) Gikuyu received his gift with mixed feelings. Why ? (4mks)

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(c ) “Divine intervention is real” How true is this statement in light of what happens in

the narrative. (3mks)

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(d) Comment on the use of at least one feature of style in this narrative. (2mks)

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(e) Gikuyu thanked Mwene Nyaga and being unable to contain his curiosity any longer,

he hurried straight to Mukurwo wa Nyagathanga.

(Begin: Having……………………… (1mk)

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(f) Give and illustrate at least two character traits of Mwene Nyaga. (4mks)

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(g) Identify and illustrate two themes found in the story. (4mks)

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4. GRAMMAR

(a). Use the correct form of the word given in brackets to fill in the gap in each sentence.
(i) The _____________of the right of expression in a violation of human rights (den)

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(ii) Saving the child from the burning house was a __________________ act. (hero)

(iii) They were asked to ________________________ the alarm (active)

(i).We can control the spread of HIV/AIDS by educating the public

(Begin: The spread of . ..)

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(ii). The man was arrested. His cattle destroyed the maize in the school farm.

(Rewrite as one sentence)

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(iii). Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest Mountain in Africa.

(Rewrite using “higher “instead of “highest” )

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(b). Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative from the choices given.

(i) Who ______________________ a fire outside my house? (Light/lighted/lit).

(ii) Since the introduction of community policing in our estates _________ of theft have
reduced. (Incidence/incident/incidents)
(iii) An elephant looks after ________________________calf. (it’s / its)
(c). Rewrite the following sentences to remove gender bias

(i) A professor should give his students opportunities to develop their skills.
(ii) My sister was appointed Chairman of the water project committee,
(iii) The fireman took a long time to arrive at the scene of the accident.
(d). (i) Jomo Kenyatta the first president of Kenya was a great orator. (Punctuate the
sentence)
(ii) The teacher of English taught about The Town in Half a Day and Other short stories
(punctuate the title(s) in the sentence)
(iii) Chinua Achebe, wole Soyinka, Babadejo Babafenyi these are some of the renowned
Nigerian writers.
(Punctuate using the dash)

TRIAL 2
1. Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow:-

The research by the Maendeleo ya Wanaume Organization that reports a case of revered roles
where men are made to cook, wash clothes, clean the house, utensils and baby sit should reveal
more anddelve into the causalities rather than issue inflammatory findings with alarming
statistics that will only serve to scare courtship.
It should be noted with clarity that societal transition are normally treated with a lot of
caution, sobriety and reasonableness to avoid endangering the very fabrics that hold the
society together. This is because it’s a process that takes time to sink, be appreciated and

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acceptably embraced. Equally, the connotation reversed roles imply replacement of male
domination by female domination instead of hybrid system where roles are shared
equally and help handed out where necessary to supplement each other’s effort.
Gender refers to women’s and men’s socially defined roles and characteristics that are shaped by
historical, economic, religious, cultural and ethical factors.
Gender is learned through socialization, it is not fixed, it is changeable. Gender stereotypes
therefore include comments like, women are weak and cowards, gentle, nurturing and
caring while men are bread winners, decision makers and generally aggressive.
The African society and Kenya in particular is patriarchal. A social system based on male
privilege and power in which women are regarded secondary and created for the service
of men.
Patriarchy is mostly for men and that’s why men feel threatened when patriarchy is
challenged. However, research has shown that not all men are winners under patriarchy.
This is because patriarchy puts a lot of pressure on men to perform and become workaholic in
a struggle to maintain the family, for example, research has shown most millionaires in the US
are women, widows of men who died young from diseases related to over work.
Since gender is societal creation and not biology, it can be changed, albeit gradually.
The stubborn men who live in the past should be prepared for feminism approach that
perceives and interprets social situation from a woman’s point of view.
According to this approach, female oppression should be addressed adequately.
Here, the area of focus includes: Education and legal rights for women. Economic rights, that
advocate’s equal access to properties, jobs and career. The puzzle however, is where the
approach leaves men, especially if the process is forceful.
Gender equity is an idea whose time has come as statistics indicate girls perform better than
boys in schools and ladies are more preferable by employers than men due to hard work,
honesty, loyalty and cost effectiveness.
Women must also rise to the occasion, take responsibility with caution and cease to be victims
of inferiority complex.Change must not translate to arrogance and revengeful attitudes that will
paint women as heartless. Life is meaningless without effective family institution. Let ’s ensure
our society does not fall apart.
(Adapted from Sunday, May 31, 2009)

(a) In what way is gender a socialization process?

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(b) According to the passage, what is gender stereo typing?

(c)Explain the contrast between the hybrid system and the case of reversed roles

(d) What evidence is given to show that not all men are winners under patriarchy?

(e) What is the writer’s tone in the passage?

(f)Re-write the following beginning; (Not fixed ................

Gender is learned through socialization, it is not fixed, it is changeable.

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(g) In a summary of about 60words, describe the writer’s attitude towards women
Rough copy

Fair copy

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(h) Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the passage.

(i) Inflammatory................
(ii) Sobriety..............................
(iii) Feminism approach.............

2. Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer
the questios after. (25 marks)

Mossi:(Pacing about on the stage, turns to face the Principal and Nicole.) I am afraid we may
not continue with this thing. Oh, I have already forgotten what you ate calling

Pirro:(Looking rather disappointed) but why, Your Worship? This is a blessing for out country.

Mossi: Don't you see it? It might turn out to be platform forr misinformation, lies and witch
hunt You see, last year someone spread a rumour that had died, Me just sent a text message on
some social media and it spread like wild bush fire and do you I know almost died? During that
time i accidently swallowed a whole toothpick!

Ramdaye: Oh, yes, I see the risk. They might spread another rumour on this platform! And you
might swallow another toothpick! Yes, you will!

Basdeo: (To Mayor) The way I see it, that App will be a people's platform! And it will have far-
reaching implications whether you launch it or not.

Mossi: (Casting a stern look at Mr. Basdeo) I need time to think about it. I will raunch it at my
own convenient time. (Turning to Nicole and the Principal) There are no two ways for now. Halt
any activities regarding that thing until my office gives further guidance. (Ramdaye nods in
approval. Other guests exchange knowing glances in silence)

Narine: Your Worship, the President of the Republic is scheduled to officially launch the App at
the national level early next year when schools reopen. We presently have some ongoing
activities in preparation for it. I doubt whether this process can be stopped.

Harvester:(Looking at the Principal and Nicole alternately) Is that so?

Mossi: (Looking at the Principal) The President?

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Narine: Yes, Sir.

Ramdaye: Why have you kept us in the dark about it?

Narine: The Mayor's office has been duly informed, Sir.

Mossi; (Looking at Narine) Oh yes, I remember! But you never explained that kind of thing it
was! No, you still have to stop it!

Pirro: I think that is beyond their powers, Your Worship. (Looking at Mr. Pirro) This thing we are
talking about is a school project under their control! (Turning to face the principal) It is,
therefore, within your powers to find a way around it. You are at the centre of it! Figure out a
way, like writing to the Ministry of Education indicating that there are some fundamental errors
in it that you need to attend get what i mean?

Nicole: I am afraid, Your Worship, the assessment of the innovations was done by senior
officers at the Ministry of Education. Experienced software engineers Were involved. It passed
all the tests, and no errors were found

QUESTIONS

a) Place this excerpt in its immediate context. (4 marks)

b) Why is Mayor Mossi adamant to launch the App? (2 marks)

c) From elsewhere in the play, what is the name of the App and how is it a people's platform?

d) give reasons App is errorproof.

e) Think about fit: (Rewrite using the question tag.)

f) Identify and explainany two stylistic devices used in the excerpt.

g) Explain the meaning of the following eexpressions as used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

i.Far-reaching Implications

ii.Halt

iii.Kept us in the dark

iv.Figure out a way

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3.Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

One day on a farm, cat took out her walking stick and started to walk laboriously along the
road, leaning heavily on her stick. Hen, who was pecking at the ground nearby, looked up and
said, “Aunty Aunty, where are you going?”
The cat said, “I am off to the holy city to give my annual offering”. Hen said, “May I come
with you? I will accompany you on your long journey and at the same time perform my
pilgrimage as well”. Cat replied “If you must, there is no stopping you”. So both of them started
moving further on the road. Then they met Duck. Duck said, “Aunty, where are you going?”
Cat replied, “Come if you must,” Duck joined them.
A little ahead they met Mouse. Mouse asked, “Aunty where are you going?” Cat replied, “I am
going to the holy city,” Mouse asked, “May I come along with you?”Cat said, “If you want to
dear.” They walked along the road for sometime then cat said, “Oh my old bones, now they
ache ohoo.” The three stopped and offered to rest along with her. Cat said, “Hen may wait with
me if she likes, the two of you go on ahead. We will catch up with you.” The cat pounced on the
Hen and ate her up.
After a few hours, Cat caught up with Duck and Mouse. When they enquired about Hen,
Cat said, “Oh, she had forgotten her offering at home and has gone back for it,” And they
walked on.
The next day Cat began to groan again, and this time asked Duck to stay with her.
Mouse went on ahead. When Cat caught up with Mouse she said Duck has forgotten her
offering as well.
At this Mouse got suspicious for if Duck forgotten her offering as well she would have
turned back with Hen. Meanwhile, Cat thought: “Now it is the turn of Mouse, what a delicacy!
The taste will linger for a long time in my mouth.”
Then she said to the Mouse, “Mouse let us stop for a rest.” After a while she said, “It is long
since I played catch and catch with anyone. Why don’t I fulfill this desire for who knows how
long I have to live?”
Mouse began to play; he ran here and there; soon he realized that Cat was out to get
him so he quickly darted into a hole in the ground. Now cat know she could not get Mouse so
she said, “Mouse, Mouse, come out. I want to tell you a story,” Craftily Mouse replied, “You tell
the story and I will listen to it in here.”
So, you see whenever Mouse sees Cat, he runs quickly to hide for he knows that Cat is
after him. He has not forgotten the uncompleted journey to the holy city.

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(a) Giving a reason, classify this narrative. (2 marks)

(b) What features of oral narratives are evident in this story? Explain any 4. (4 marks)

(c) Briefly explain any two character traits of the Cat in this story. (4 marks)

(d) What two lessons do we learn from the story? (4 marks)

(e) Why do you think the Duck did not complete the journey? (2 marks)

(f) What does the story reveal about the community from which the story was taken?
(2 marks)
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(g) Explain the two problems you could encounter when collecting this type of oral genre.
(2 marks)

3. GRAMMAR
a) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word in brackets
i) Has the motor boat.in the lake. (sink)

ii) The company has employed a specialist for the.of its machine. (maintain)

iii) Uganda is contending against the..of Kenyan goods in the markets. (dominate)

iv) In Kenya..elections are usually hotly contested. (mayor)

b) Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the underlined verbs with appropriate phrasal
verb
i) You need to reduce the expenses. - Cut down

ii) He asked Alice to marry him but she rejected him. -Turned him down

iii) It is not good to desert ones family. - Walk out on

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c) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instruction given after each
i) If he is not ill, he will come (rewrite using provided)

ii) Joan has several friends. All of them are ballet dancers. Her mother is the president of our
judo club. (Combine into one sentence using relative pronouns)

iii) The principal asked me to see him the following day. (Change into direct speech)

iv) The visitor treads on the carpet with his muddy shoes. (Write in the past tense)

d) Explain the difference in meaning in these pairs of sentences :

a) Harry, our elder brother, has arrived

Harry, our elder brother has arrived.

b) My uncle stopped to drink.

My uncle stopped drinking.

TRIAL 3
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:-
The river ,the forest and the sky all drew Densu to the top of the hill with a power he had
no need to fight against. He asked Nyaneba if there was no more work he could do on the

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farm up there. But at that time there was nothing really, and Nyaneba almost scolded him when
he asked once more what was there to do.
“Densu,” she said at the end of her patience, “the animal that does not rest gets so angry and
unhappy that it spreads destruction wherever it goes. A human being works fully when there is
work to do. A human being rests fully when the season for rest comes.”
Densu did not importune Nyaneba about work any more. Almost everyday he climbed up the
hill and sat on the warm rock looking at the river and the forest canopy. From where he sat,
the river now looked thin and completely still. Seeing it at a distance, he had to think
before it became in his mind a moving thing, not a dead, flat sheet shining passively in the
sun.
So he knew the river’s motion in his mind, though his eyes perceived stillness. Once the motion
was clear in his mind, it did not stop. It flowed inathought stream that could take him from
the present all the way back to moments so far in the past his remembrance surprised
him.
Some of the memories he would never understand. He had known a great happiness at a time
about which he remembered nothing but the feeling itself. This remembrance took his feeling
back to a time when he was helpless but feared nothing because there was a presence
around him that made fear a stranger. He had told people about this feeling and always left
them puzzled
They said he could have had such a time, because his father died before he was born, and his
mother also died in child birth. Yet the feeling was part of his memory, and it was so
strong he knew it was true, in spite of what others saw and said. And often as he grew up,
he found himself searching, sometimes in anguish, sometimes with sheer desire for a return
of that time and of the feeling.
Yet life at times became an argument saying that presence, that wholeness he remembered
so mysteriously and sought so naturally, would never be possible in the world outside the
wishing mind. He had known people at Esuano, and begun to sees life clearly, but most
of the people and most of the life he saw led his mind far astray from the peace he sought.
This too he remembered: in his twelfth year something strange had happened. A white man
had arrived at Esuano. He was not an official from the castle at cape coast, so people were
astonished to see him there at all. They were more astonished when he told them he was a
trader on the coast, but had grown tired of trading. He said he wanted to rest.
People shunned him. They were afraid of him and they had reason enough. He lived as if
he and water had quarreled bitterly. He did not like food. his sustenance was drink and
when he was really hungry he would look for fruit, like a child at play, and that would
be his meal.

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Densu went to him and sat watching him. He still went to him long after the other children
had fled in fear. One day the stranger white man stopped singing his drunken songs,
pointed to his heart and shouted something.
“Collins!” He repeated the name, stabbing his breast repeatedly with an extended finger.
When he stopped, Densu pointed to himself and said “Densu.” The white man roared
happily. He seemed immensely pleased with himself that Densu had understood him, as
if he had actually taught him to speak. He began a game of names, teaching Densu English
words and learning Akan words from him.
In less than a month the game of words changed. It became even. Densu went to Collins
whenever he had time. The idea of learning the strange language of the white excited
him, and he worked hard to make free time for his new passion. Collins taught him willingly.
He seemed to live for the hours when the eager boy came to talk to him.
But Collins stopped asking Densu the Akan names of things. With an eagerness answering the
boy, he taught him as fast as he could absorb new knowledge, and his yellow-red face exploded
with joy when Densu began at last to speak to him in his own language. The solitary white man
then gave up all pretence of wishing to learn Akan. He was happy enough to have a person to
talk to and teaching Densu to read and write gave him something to do when he was not
drinking.
Densu asked him why he had left cape coast to come to Esuano. The white man’s answer was
quite incomprehensible to him. All he understood was that the mention of cape coast made the
white man violently angry. Once, later, Densu asked him why he did not go home. The
drunken man wept tears at the questions. From then on Densu did not ask him any such
questions again.
In his first months at Esuano the white man Collins sold a few things to the few who had any
money. But after his third month at Esuano he sold nothing. Knowing adults predicted he would
die in a matter of weeks. They were disappointed and embarrassed when in spite of the way he
drank and starved himself, he remained noisily alive.

a) Why did Densu spend most of his time seated on the rock up the hill?

b) What effect did the river have on Densu?

c) Who was the stranger and how old was Densu when he arrived?

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d) What does “He lived as if he and water had quarreled bitterly,” mean?

e) People dislike the stranger (Rewrite beginning with, “The stranger

f) From what tribe does Densu come from?

g) Write notes on why Collins was eager to teach Densu his language and why he stopped
learning Densu’s language

h) Identify and explain one character traits of Densu

i) Give the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the passage:-
i) Importune -
ii) Canopy -
iii) Stabbing his breast
iv) Shunned
v) Incomprehensible

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Seymour: Money, money, money! And more money.

Ted: You mean we give money to the two students and the teacher?
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Seymour: No, mobilise enough money to fight any cases that might be brought up against us
and if necessary, enough for dealing in other ways with those who insist on pursuing us.

Ramdaye: Good idea, but I have loans and projects. I don't think I can raise any money now.

Bembe: I, too, just finished the Madingo Golf Club recently. I am as broke as a church mouse.

Ted: I cannot raise a meaningful amount, either.

Harvester: If that is the case, they why can't we find a way of averting the court cases from
coming up in the first place?

Ramdaye: How can we do that?

Harvester: Restitution.

Ted: What is that?

Harvester: It's an idea that Struck me as I was having a walk along the beach yesterday. We can
conduct a truth and reconciliation exercise.

Bembe: How will that work?

Harvester: We will announce a grace period within which everyone in the Municipality should
come clean, confess their mistakes. give back what they have acquired irregularly, forgive one
another and then open up a new chapter Of honesty in the conduct of our municipal affairs.

(Chuckling) That has never happened anywhere. in the world!

Harvester: It can be our local initiative. I know the tmth can set us free.

Harvester: Isn't restitution an admission of guilt? How can I incriminate myself? And in any
case, what if you are accused of crimes Other than acquiring wealth irregularly?

Ted : I doubt whether restitution is a good idea.

Ramdaye: That takes us back to the idea of raising money to fight the cases. We may have to
procure loans or sell some of our properties.

Seymour: Since we all do not have money, why can't we find a way Of getting that money from
the Municipal Fund?

Mossi: Municipal Fund? How?

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Seymour: We just need to do some reallocation of budget line items.

Ted: I agree. We must set aside some money to take care Of investigators, lawyers, prosecutors
and judges if things go

Seymour: You See, the waste disposal system in our town is in terrible state. There is garbage
all over the place and the drains are broken. As we speak, it is a serious health hazard. We can
justify reallocation of funds on the need to address this problem. In reality, we will use some of
the funds to fight Off cases that are without a doubt coming.

Mossi: (Surprised and in disbelief) What?

a)Briefly explain what happens just before the events in the excerpt. (3 marks)

b)What does Hon. Seymour imply when he says they need to mobilise enough money. if
necessary, enough

for dealing in other ways with those who insist on pursuing them? (2 marks)

c)Identify with appropriate illustrations two-character traits of Hon. Seymour brought out in the
excerpt. (4 marks)

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d)(i) I doubt whether restitution is a good idea. (Rewrite in the reported speech) (1 mark)

(ii) It can be our local initiative. (Add a question tag) (l mark)

(iii) We just need to do some reallocation of budget line items. (Rewrite in the passive) ' (l mark)

e)Discuss two thematic concerns of the writer raised in the excerpt. (4 marks)

f)Pick out and illustrate two stylistic devices used in the excetpt. (4 marks)

g)Explain the meanings ofthe following words used in the excerpt. (3 marks)

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h)Briefly explain what happens shortly after the events in the excerpt. (2 marks)

3.Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

CHINSARA MOGUTA

There was once a man who had two wives. Each of his wives bore him a son.
Unfortunately, one of the wives died and so one of the sons lost his mother. The son
whose mother was alive was called Jaja Mongera.

It happened that the father loved his motherless son more than he loved Jaja.
Naturally Jaja’s mother was unhappy about such open favouritism and complained
bitterly about it .For instance, she wondered why her husband took Jaja with him to the
bush to trap Chinsaza moguta (a. kind of wild animal) and why he never took the
motherless son with him on such dangerous expeditions. . . . . ..

Usually, what happened was that the father set his trap in the bush, then left for
home, leaving Jaja to keep watch over it. If a. Chinsara moguta was caught, then Jaja
would take it, kill it, and carry it home

One day, it happened that a big fat Chinsara moguta was caught by the trap which
Jaja’s father had set and had left him to watch.When Jaja. raised his matchet to kill the
Chinsara Moguta. he cried and begged him to set him free.

“Please, please, do me a favour, untrap me and let me go I too will one day come
to your rescue”

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 Jaja was quiet for a while, lost in deep thought. “ All right”, Jaja finally said with
a sigh. He freed the animal, “ you can go”. Then Jaja collected his things and carried
them home.

At home, he reported to his father that the trap caught nothing. But somehow his
father being very shrewd man, learnt the truth, and was displeased with his son’s deceit.
So he sat very quietly and never said a word, only gnashing his teeth and throwing ugly
glances at Jaja and his mother.

Early the following morning, he told Jaja to make the usual things they often
took to the bush for trapping animals. But in addition to these, the father also took
materials that are used to constructing a house. The two went up to a place where they
usually trapped Chinsara moguta . the father got busy. He cut poles and grass and began
to built a small hut. While the father stayed outside, Jaja assisted him from inside the hut,
the two built a fine small hut. But it was an usual one. In that it had neither a window nor
a door. It puzzled the young man. He’d never seen such a hut before.

“ Father , how shall I get out and how will you get in here? Jaja asked in good
faith. “ Don’t worry”, the father replied, “ I’ll cut and remove a portion of the wall to
make an entrance.” Jaja kept quiet and waited. Inside the hut as dark and damp. Soon it
was all quiet outside. Jaja became alarmed and called his father, but there was no
response. It was all very still and deathly quite. Jaja realized that his father had gone
away and abandoned him in the bush that was full of wild animals. He was being
punished for having freed a Chinsara moguta. The young man called, wept and cried, but
all in vain. Only the echo of the jungle replied. Fear and despondency gripped him when
he realized that at night, one of the wild animals could destroy the little hut and devour
him.

At home, his mother wept and grieved for him. The father had reported that the
young man had beenkilled by one of the wild animals. The woman raised the alarm and
announced the death of her son to the people.Bitter enemity and hatred that had, for
years smouldered between the couple regarding the husband’s treatment of her son, now
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flared up and became like a destructive forest fire. In time, Jaja was mourned and
forgotten, except for his mother who never forgave he husband for having killed her son.

Anyway, what happed was that after Jaja ‘s father went away and left him alone
in the little hut wild animal attempted to destroy the hut, but they all failed. Lastly , the
Chinsara moguta that Jaja had helped to escape came along and asked, singing:

“ is this a patch of bush?

Or is there a human being in there? X2

On hearing the song, Jaja replied in a song, singing:

“ I am not a patch of bush

But a human being (x3)

My father sent me to kill the Chinsara moguta

That was caught in his trap, but I let him escape”

When the Chinsara moguta heard Jaja’s song, he remembered what he had told
Jaja. So he destroyed the hut and freed him. Then he led him to a hill somewhere.

“Lie ‘-down and keep still,” the Chinsara moguta told Jaja. “When you hear lots
of noises made by chicken, goats, sheep and cattle, don’t open your eyes. Just keep them
tightly closed. But. when you hear children’s voices calling, “Father, Father, Father, open
your eyes and get up.”

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 Jaja Mongera obeyed the Chinsara moguta’s directives even though he was afraid.
Soon he heard the noises made by all the domestic animals. But he didn’t.-. open hiseyes,
he kept them closed. Then he heard the sound and voices of many chicken who called
out, “Father, Father, Father”, and he opened his eyes. Jaja .felt mesmerized. The hill was
full of cattle, sheep, goats, chicken and children, plus all the other amenities which man.
needs in life. Jaja took everything including the mothers of those children and built a
large home.

Chinsara moguta disappeared and Jaja was now a rich man. Soon people began to
go to Jaja Monge-ra’s home for milk and other foodstuffs which they didn’t have.
Rumours about his riches reached far and wide in Kisii land. His mother too heard about
the rich man called Jaja Mongera and became curious - could the man be her lost son ?
One day she set out to go herself and find out the truth.

She went to buy milk from Jaja’s home.

The woman looked at Jaja and found that he closely resembled her son who

was supposed to have died. ;- .

“You look so much like my son who got killed by wild animals years ago when

- he went hunting with his father”

“Oh,” Jaja remembered, “It is strange the way human beings sometimes look so
much alike, even though they may not be related”.

“Life is indeed complicated”, the mother replied But in your case I am truly
overwhelmed because even your names are the same. He too, was called Jaja Mongera”.

“Well, that’s interesting,” Jaja said pulling at his beard.- “Tell me more about
your son.. How did he get killed, when and where ?“ The mother- proceeded to give
detailed account of the circumstances which led to her son’s death -and how the father
never brought back even a bloody piece of the young man’s clothes to prove that he had

Page 33
 been killed by a wild animal. When she came to the conclusion of her account, Jaja was
convinced he was the woman’s lost son; They were very happy and Jaja slaughtered a
huge bull and organized an -elaborate feast for his mother. He invited all his neighbours
to come and meet his mother. -

After some days, when the feast was over, Jaja Mongera’s mother returned to her
home. She reported to her husband how she had found her, son, Jaja Mongera, and that
after all; he hadn’t been killed by wild animals.

On hearing the news Jaja Mongera’s father also went off to visit his son.
However, Jaja hadn’t forgiven his father for the punishment he meted on him because he
had freed a Chinsara Moguta. So instead of slaughtering a bull for him, he prepared and
cooked a sick dog for the old man, and tipped off his children and his wives not to eat it.
On his way back, the father fell sick and died. Now, Jaja Mongera went to his old home
and collected his mother and he other children to come and live with him. He left his
motherless; brother, who had been the father’s favourite, alone in the old home! -

(The Kisii narrative recorded by Isaiah Okiomeri)

a) Classify this narrative?

(2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

b) State and illustrate one aspect of character for each of the following:

(i) Jafa’s Mother

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(ii) Jaja Mongera..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

c) With specific illustration state one moral lesson that we learn from this narrative. (4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

d) Mention and illustrate one economic and one social activity of the community from which

the narative is drawn.

(i) Economic (2mks)

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

(ii) Social.
(2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

e) Identify two narrative techniques used in the story and show the effect achieved by each.
(4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

f) Explain why the narrative used the following phrase.

‘gnashing his teeth ‘ and ‘throwing ugly glances’

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

4. GRAMMAR

1. a) Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the brackets
i) He . (flung/flang) the mud onto the wall.
ii) The murderer was ..(hung/hunged) for his crime.
iii) The leader ..(dealt/dealed) the cards out to the players briskly.
iv) The boy . .(leaped/lept/leapt) across the ditch
v) She ...(bore/borne) the burden patiently

b) Complete the passage below with the most appropriate word from the list given:
(breath, breathe, cloth, clothe, bathe, bath)

Namboka felt dizzy and she took a walk so as to .. fresh air. It was while
walking that she noticed that her as smelling badly. She went to her
room, brushed her teeth and decided to her sweaty body. She put
water in a basin, undressed and then wrapped herself with a clean
before going to clean her body. After five minutes, she emerged clean and put
on her best

Page 37
 c) Supply the missing prepositions in the following sentences:-

i) Opemi has a great passion . .. debtors

ii) My mother prohibited me ... talking to strangers
iii) Walukanga was born .. humble and God fearing parents
iv) The head dress of Acoli is similar . that of the Luo.

TRIAL 4
1. Read the following passage then answer all the questions that follow:
It is said that behind every successful man there’s a woman, so how can we help our sons
succeed? By bringing them up in such a way that they understand their role as leaders,
providers and protectors.
And how can we do this successfully? By noting their masculine qualities and praising them
for these .Take note when they excel in masculine roles and encourage them. Admiration is
the food of a man’s soul. Never belittle your son’s masculinity; it hurts very deeply and
might result in deep resentment.
Are you faced with a rebellious son? Mind your language when you talk to them; you might
be scolding him for doing or not doing something while inadvertently belittling his masculinity.
Try the opposite for change; praise him and see how this transforms him. The untidy room will
be a thing of the past, as will many other pains you have been wishing away. Relate the duties
you assign him to his masculine qualities and he will be very glad to help. When he is facing
failure or a crisis, reassure him that you believe in him and his ability to pull through, no matter
how difficult the situation might appear. Do not mock his ability to overcome a difficulty.
Use statements such as “this might be the door to opportunity, a stepping stone to greater
success.” who wouldn’t excel when someone who matters to them like a mum believes in
them? A word of caution, though: we must be careful not to push our sons to become what they
are not interested in being.
Allow them the freedom to make choices and let them learn from mistakes. There’s a greater
temptation to be bossy towards our sons, but we need to refrain from giving detailed
instructions on the what, when, how and where every action they take. Let him know
when you disagree with his decision, but tell him he can still count on you
For the women who have taken over leadership in the home, you need to let go and build your
husband by encouraging him to take up that role. This will allow you time to be a mother you

Page 38
need to be, one who can nurture her sons and be a homemaker. Our sons need to learn from their
fathers what it means to be a responsible man.
And to those women who are sacrificing their children’s well-being for careers I suggest, learn
from miss Taylor Caldwell, an Anglo- American writer with several awards to her credit o
once remarked: “I’d rather cook a meal for a man and bring his slippers and feel myself in
the protection of his arms than have all the citations and awards I have received worldwide”
(Adapted from Daily
Nation)

a) What is the role of mothers in the success of their sons?

b) i) How can parents help their sons overcome the challenges they meet while
growingup?

ii) What precautions should sons take in to account so as to achieve their ambitions?

c) Give three disadvantages of women taking leadership at home.

d) Give a reason why Miss Taylor is mentioned in the last paragraph.

e) In not more than 65 words, summarize the ways parents can deal with rebellious sons:-
ROUGH COPY

Page 39
FINAL COPY

f) Explain the meaning of the following phrase and words as used in the passage
i) “Admiration is the food of a man’s soul”
ii) Masculine
iii) Bossy
2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)
Ramdaye: Aaa, aah, aah, aah that was serious mayhem! It never occurred to us that Mayor
Mossi would
violently disrupt our meeting. The message is now very clear: he will not allow any meeting to
discuss his
ouster,
Seymour: It certainly was. The hooligans were very brutal. (Demonstrating) But I drew my gun
and refused to run away. I dared them to touch me!
Ted: One of them aimed a rock at my head. I never though anybody could handle such a huge
stone. It flew past my head like a rocket-propelled grenade. It missed my head by the thickness
of a pig's bristle!
Seymour: (Looking at Hon. Ramdaye) I was shocked you could run as you did, at your age! You
whizzed
past me like an express train! I never thought you would ever come to a stop!
Page 40
Ted: I doubt they were just hooligans.
Seymour:Yes, their organisation and speed suggest there is more than meets the eye. It was like
a military operation.
Ted:And there was smoke all over: burning tyres, papers, mattresses and sacks, combined with
tear gas
smoke. Sadly, we never anticipated this. I think the Mayor is a good organiser.
Ramdaye:He is called Mossi-oa-Tunya, the smoke that thunders! He is a master schemer and a
go-getter!
Seymour: It is very clear that we at war. We need to carry on with our plan, to the last detail.
We will not be cowed! We must mobilise the entire Municipal Council to pass the no
confidence motion against him.
(Looking at Hon. Ted) And, to get down to business, you remember we tasked you to talk to
Councillors and Aldermen and assess whether they will support the no confidence motion.
Ted:Yes, you did, and as you know, our political landscape comprises Councillors and Aldermen
of mixed
ethnicity as well as those of the Afro and Indo descent.
Ramdaye:Oh, yes, it does. So?
Ted:I was on the phone almost all night and very little support was forthcoming. I assumed
wrongly that we could whip up racial and class prejudice to get many of them to support us.
How mistaken I was! After talking to them, I realised that our chamber members are of
different categories that we must keep in mind even as we seek to woo them to support our
cause.
QUESTIONS
a)Briefly recount the events leading to this excerpt. (2 marks)

b)Why does Hon. Ted doubt the brutal young man who disrupted their moming meeting to
discuss the
mayor’s ouster were just hooligans? (2 marks)

Page 41
c)Discuss two-character traits of Hon. Seymour and one ofTed brought out
d)in the excerpt. (6 marks)

e)What two themes are evident in the excerpt? (4 marks)

f)Single out and illustrate two features of style employed in the excerpt. (4 marks)

(i) I never thought you would ever come to a stop! (Rewrite beginning: How...) (l mark)

(ii) One of them aimed at a rock at my head. (Add a question tag)

Page 42
(iii) Yes, their organisation and speed suggest there is more than meets the eye. (Write
replacing the
underlined word with a phrasal verb. (1 mark)

(iv) I dared them to touch me. (Report) (1 mark)

g)Explain the meanings of the following words used in the excerpt. (3 marks)
(i)Ouster
(ii)Whizzed
(iii)Go-getter

3.Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)
Long, long time ago animals and birds spoke just like men do. When God had to stop them
speaking, he made birds sin, like this chrrip! Chrrip……… Lions to roar like this graagh! Graagh!
And hyenas to howl like this huuu! Huuu! And do you blame God? Listen to what naughty
hyena who had gone two days without any meat did. He had been wondering up and down the
hills when he suddenly stopped, nose in the air, one foot raised. Do I smell, eh…………smell
food? He slowly raised his head to the skies as if to say, “Please God, let me find some food,
even one rotting bone will do.” Slowly, he followed the smell, sniffing hard, stopping now and
again, over grinning wider as the smell became stronger. “Here at last”, He said as he came in
sight of a calf that seemed dead, flies buzzing over its excrement. “God, no time to waste. Who
knows the owner may be around. Oh, no, 3 see it is secured to a tree with a “Mukwa” I’ll take
my time. Ha, I am tired too, come to think of it. God gave us pretty strong senses of smell,
generous old…… man. Still I do think some people tend to exaggerate, now who was it saying
the other day ‘ati’ God is the giver of everything and that we should be grateful. O.K. Tell me,
did God give this calf? Did you God? I found it myself, smelled my way there, all the way. Nice
calf too, rather thin but it will do. I’ll take the head home and make soup with herbs. I especially
like ‘muthathii’, and I see one over there. OK. Here we go, where shall I start, this lovely neck?
No, I know, I will start with the ‘mukwa’ then I’ll get on to the soft stuff, the tail, the rump,
‘Mahu’……….” After chewing up half of the ‘mukwa’ the hyena brushed his teeth with the twig
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of a ‘muthiga’ a tree of stimulate his appetite. He stepped on the calf’s tail, stuffed it in his
mouth and ‘snap’ it went. The calf which was only very sick and tired shot up and bolted away
in the twinkling of an eye. The hyena rubbed his eyes, ambled after the disappearing calf and
soon fell down in exhaustion. He looked up again to the heaven, tried to speak but no words
came. Hyenas have never been able to speak ever since……..

(a) Categorize this narrative and give a reason for your classification. (2 marks)

(b) Identify and explain two characteristics of oral narratives evident in this story. (4 marks)

(c) Describe two character traits of the hyena as depicted in the narrative. (4 marks)

(d) Identify one economic aspect of the community described in this narrative and give a
reason for your answer. (2 marks)

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(e) What moral lesson do we learn from this narrative? (2 marks)

(f) Give a proverb with the same moral lesson as this narrative. (1 mark)

(g) If you are asked to go and collect this story in the field, state:

(i) Three things you would do before the actual field trip. (3 marks)

(ii) Two problems you are likely to encounter. (2 marks)

4. GRAMMAR
(a) (i) I am sure it was an exciting experience for her (Rewrite the sentence using ‘must ’)

(ii) People always want more; it doesn’t matter how rich they are
(Rewrite the sentence using ‘however’)

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 (iii) The boy jumped from school to school every year. (Rewrite to end with school)

(b) Give the meaning of the underlined idiomatic expressions in the sentence

(i) There was no love lost between the two friends

(ii) The President and Prime Minister resolved to bury the hatchet.

(c) Change the following to direct speech

(i) Jumping and clapping, the Pastor remarked that Jesus was on his way

(ii) The Prefect said that the student was absent the previous day.

(d) Using the verb in brackets, form a phrasal verb to replace the underlined word

(i) The workers felt that the management despised them (look)

(ii) It takes a lot of challenge to nurture a child into an adult (bring)

(iii) The politicians dirty tricks did not succeed (come)

(e) Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate form of the word in brackets
(i) The boy said that he was (true) ______________in love.
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 (ii) The _____________ (maintain) of the vehicle is quite expensive.
(iii) She was quite ________________ (gratitude) for the honour bestowed on her.
(f) Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate preposition

(i) Tom agreed ____________Lona’s idea of punishing the culprit

(ii) The performers feel indebted _______________the school for the use of the hall

TRIAL 5
Read the following passage then answer questions that follow.
Soil erosion is a continual process in nature. Over the centuries weather and rocks interact
to replace work out soil. Much as man renews his outer layer of skin. But the accelerated
soil erosion created by man often destroys faster than nature can renew. It usually results
from rapid and thoughtless exploitation, an attempt to obtain the maximum product as quickly as
possible. This attitude has led to excessive cultivation, deforestation, overgrazing, failure to
consider the nature of the soil and its environment and reluctance to devote labour and finance
to maintaining its qualities. The results are seen in the barren lands of North Africa, the
Middle East, and south china. And soil erosion has been a factor in the downfall of past
civilizations. Perhaps the most frequently quoted example of soil erosion is that of the American
dust bowl. Its natural equilibrium was upset by over cultivation and the land was reduced to near
desert conditions. Wind erosion accelerated the process assisted by a succession of the dry years.
There are many areas of the USA which have felt the impact of wind erosion. Others have been
subject to water erosion on land which, through misuse has lost its fertility.
A number of measures which help to conserve soil have been in use for centuries in many
parts of the world. Their primary aim is to make the best use of rain. They include
terracing, contour farming and strip ploughing which control the quantity and pace of water
run-off. Over the years, many of the best soils have been developed under grass. The soil itself
must have a good biological content of minute organisms to circulate the nutrients and to
maintain a health structure. With some crops, soil conservation is facilitated by allowing
weeds to grow or by cultivating leguminous crops. These help to protect the soil from wind and
water erosion and can be ploughed back as manure.
To restore vegetational cover to barren lands is a slow process, but the scientific and
technical problems are far outweighed by those arising from man ’s use of domestic
animals, notably goats and sheep. These animals have caused soil erosion in many areas
and it is urgently necessary to have more control over them. Goats and sheep have grazed large
areas of Mediterranean countries into subsistence farming or deserts; they prevent tree
growth and have reduced the average tree line by 1000 feet in four centuries. Unfortunately they
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and cattle are still being introduced into areas being cleared of forests in Africa. For
example, the cattle of Maasai in Tanzania give rise to much erosion in their now restricted
territories. In many instances, a far greater yield of protein could be obtained by ‘farming ’ the
wild animals in these territories. These animals and plants on which their life is based have
achieved a harmony or balance in their relationship which, history, shows is rarely achieved
between the goat, as farmed by humans, and its terrain.
Adapted from Man and Environment by Robert Arvil

1. Explain how soil erosion replace work out soil

2. Soil erosion is said to be a naturally occurring process in nature. What role does man play in
making soil erosion a harmful process?

3. Perhaps the most frequently quoted examples of soil erosion is that of the American dust
bowl. Begin: The American dust bowl )

4. How does the writer show that soil erosion is a global problem?

5. Which is the greatest consequence of soil erosion recorded in history according to ths
passage?

6. “It usually results from rapid and thoughtless exploitation, an attempt to obtain the maximum
product as quickly as possible. State the word class of the underlined words as used in the
passage
Example: Exploitation: noun
Usually: .
Thoughtless: ..
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7. Why do you think the word: ‘Farming’: in the last paragraph has been put in quotation marks?

8. What measures have been used in many parts of the world t o conserve soil?
(Answer in note form)

9. Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage.

i) Renew
ii) Barren
iii) Pace
2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)
Mossi: (Turning to Bembe) Oh, yes. And remember to get your undercover officers to shoot in
the air now and then. You know... they must know that I leave thunder and smoke in my wake!

Bembe:Consider that done. But the land? Are you sure about it?

Mossi: Consider it done, too. (After some interval of silence) So those are two problems solved;
your hotel and tomorrow's vote of no confidence meeting. But we still need to figure out how
to deal withThe Samaritan.

Mossi: I liked the idea of talking to that teacher at Sagrada Secondary School.

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Harvester:Yes, it would be good if we secured an understanding that she will edit or filter some
of the

information coming out about us.

Mossi: That would solve the whole problem! Very well, I will go there first thing tomorrow
morning and

talk to her.

Harvester:You never know, she might oblige.

Mossi: But I seriously doubt she will. She struck me as a very difficult person, an enemy of the
progress of

our Municipality.

Bembe:Let's just try. If she doesn't yield, I will visit her. I have a way of making people switch
allegiances.

Mossi: I doubt it is advisable for you to go there. You might make things worse. You know
sometimes when I think about your approach to problems, I am reminded of what they call the
law of the instrument.

Bembe:What is it about?

Mossi: That if all you have is the hammer, you tend to think Of every problem as a nail.

Bembe : In times such as these, every instrument must be put to good use. In fact, I have been
thinking that we should accuse her of some crime, like stealing school furniture or let's say, a
computer, or even a generator and then pin it on her! Then we can tell the judge to put her in!

Harvester: I don't think that will work. Certainly, the judge will not oblige.

Mossi: It thinks so too. (There is silence. Mossi scratches his head thoughtfully) I think our next
step will be to talk to the Judge. If he can imprison Ramdaye and his team, we will have killed
two birds with one stone: we will have aborted the no confidence vote and we will have
responded to the people's demand for imprisonment of corrupt leaders! I will talk to him.

QUESTIONS

a)Place this excerpt in its immediate context. (4 marks)

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b)What two-character traits of Inspector Bembe and one of Mayor Mossi come out in the
excerpt? (6

marks)

c)(i) Certainly, the judge will not oblige. (Rewrite adding a question tag) (l mark)

(ii) Yes, in fact, we will get someone to steal the school generator and then pin it on her.
(Rewrite in the

reported speech) (l mark)

(iii) But we still need to figure out how to deal with The Samaritan. (Rewrite replacing phrasal
verb in

bold with one word) (l mark)

(iv) If she doesn't yield, I will visit her. (Rewrite replacing "if' with "unless") (l mark)

d)Identify two features of style used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

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e)Discuss two themes raised in the excerpt. (4 marks)

f)Explain the meanings of following words used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

(i)Filter

(ii)Allegiances

(iii)Oblige

(iv)Aborted

3.Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

THE BLACK AND THE RED GOD.

Once there were two gods, the black god and the red god. The black god was very
humble, kind and loving, while the red god was malevolent and did not care about the
people at all. These gods lived together away up in heaven but the black god lived below
the red god, therefore closer to the people on the earth.

One day, famine spread allover the world. Cattle could find neither grass to eat nor
water to drink and they were almost dying of starvation. Then the black god spoke to the
red god and said, “ Let us give people water for they are about to starve to death.” The
red god was reluctant to let the people have water, for he hard no liking for them, but

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 after much pleading from the black god, he relented. It was then agreed that water was to
be released from heaven to earth. When this was done, it rained very hard or many days.

After sometimes, the red god said to the black god.” You can now hold back the
water, for the people have had enough.” The black god answered; “ let us leave it for a
few more days for the earth has been parched dry”. This was done, and when the red god
again told the black god to hold back the water, he did so and the rain stopped falling.

A few more days elapsed and the black god now asked the red god to release some
more water for the people. The red god refused; and there ensued an argument between
them, with the red god threatening to wipe out all the people, whom he described as
having been spoilt, and the black god struggling to prevent him from doing so. And so,
upto this day, when one hears loud thunder, it is the red god tying to get past the black
god to wipe out the people of the earth. But when the sound of thunder is not very
loud ,it is the black god who is trying to prevent the red god from killing the people.

Questions

a) Classify this narrative. (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………....

b) Describe one character trait of each god.

(4mks)

(i) The red god

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………....
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 (ii) The black god

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………....

c) Discuss the effectiveness of any two literary devices.

(4mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……….

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………....

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

d) Identify any three features of oral narratives in this story

(3mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…....…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………
………

e) What economic activity is practiced by the people described in this story?

(2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………....

f) What moral lesson can be learnt from this story.

(2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………....

g) What do you infer from the fact that the black god lived below the red god?
(3mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
.

4. GRAMMAR

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 1. Rewrite the following sentences according to the instruction given
i) Omondi is a weak student. He can hardly write meaningfully. (Rewrite as one
sentence using, “such )

ii) One of my cousins has gone to the USA. (Begin, A cousin ..)

iii) Jane has been writing a composition. (Change in to a passive voice)

2. Replace the underlined word with phrasal verb formed from the verbs given in
brackets
i) I have left the relationship because my boyfriend is unfaithful. (Walk)

ii) My father scolded me because I had not done the assignment (tell)

3. Supply the correct question tag

i) Let us go to school ................
ii) Stand up ........................ ..
4. Use the correct form of the word given in brackets

i) The maid....................................... ..(hang) the blouse on the cloths line

yesterday.
ii) It (cost)our school a lot of money to sponsor drama up to the nationals
level
last year.
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 iii) We could not ..................................(large) the portrait any further.
iv) You can’t .................... (Prison) a child below fifteen years of age for
truancy.
5. Change the following to direct speech or indirect speech accordingly
(i) The stranger asked my mother where my father had gone (direct
speech)

ii) “We shall meet again next week,” said the chairperson(indirect speech)

6 i) The following idiom is wrongly stated, rewrite it correctly

Ibrahim doesn’t struggle at all. He expects to get everything on a silver plate

ii) Explain the meaning of the idiom underlined in the sentence below

Why are you quick to fly off the handle at me? said Dr Cindy.

TRIAL 6
1. Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow:-
A situation whereby a large number of mentally and physically capable people of working
age are willing to work but cannot find work is usually known as unemployment. In
Africa, the unemployment rate is estimated to be 27-29%. This way beyond the usual
acceptable rate of 4%. This is a grievous situation which has contributed to the soaring
levels of poverty witnessed all around us.
But what are the causes of unemployment? Can anything be done to ease the situation? First.
Political upheavals have played a key role in promoting the sky rocketing levels of
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 unemployment. Civil wars and ethnic clashes have led to bloodshed and massive loss of
life. As is expected, foreign investors have fled for their safety. They have shut down their
companies and relocated their businesses to places that are more conducive to the thriving
of their enterprises. The results are usually jobless and consequently poverty.
Ordinary citizens rarely ferment political trouble. Their “leaders ” do it in an effort to
upstage one another and make political and economic gains. Through their vote, citizens
have the means of ensuring that such people do not accede to power.
Contrary to expectation, international trade has not helped the situation for a long time. The
developed countries, instead, have taken advantage of this trade to exploit Africans making
them even poorer. Liberation of trade has meant that goods from all manner of places are
allowed into the country. Most of these are cheaper than locally produced ones because
the costs of production are lowered by efficiency factors and government subsidies. As a
result local infant industries are unable to compete and end up collapsing. Once again many
are left unemployed.
In addressing this problem, the buck stops with African governments. It is upon them to create
an enabling environment for local industries by way of improving infrastructure and
security and also giving tax waivers. Sound policies that enhance efficiency in the sector
should be instituted.
In addition, the unemployment problem is worsened by a shortage of entrepreneurs. Many
people lack the necessary skills, spirit of boldness and risk taking attitudes required in
starting business ventures. Though they have the capital, they do not invest it locally.
Thus they deny many people a chance for employment. Some prefer to stash their money
in foreign accounts.
A sense of patriotism is called for here. Nothing gives greater joy and satisfaction than
knowing that one has contributed to the betterment of the lives of others, as they say east
or west, home is the best, and so investing locally will have multiple benefits. African
governments and NGO’s must also do more in equipping those interested with
entrepreneurial skills.
Moreover the African system of education has failed to change the white collar job
mentality. Many are those who believe that these are more prestigious and better paying
than blue collar jobs. This has meant that opportunities in the informal sectors go
unexploited while there is excess unabsorbed labour in the white collar sector.
To solve this problem, People need to be socialized differently. The 8.4.4 system of
education in Kenya is a step in this direction. One of its objectives is to equip its
recipients with progressive attitude and skills necessary for self-reliance.
As we have seen, unemployment is a big problem in Africa; it is directly connected to the
high poverty levels crippling many people. However, with concerted efforts, the situation
can be alleviated.

Page 58
 a) What is the subject matter of this passage?

b) According to the first paragraph, who are the unemployed?

c) How would citizens ensure their peace?

d) Rewrite the following sentences by putting the first three words in

parenthesis:-.
“Through their votes, citizens have the means of ensuring that such people
do not
accede to power”

e) According to the passage, why is the expression “their leaders” enclosed

in
quotation marks?

f) Explain what is meant by “the buck stops with African government.”

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 g) Make notes on the effects of international trade

h). Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage
i) Ease
ii) Accede
iii) Patriotism
2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Bembe: You have a reputation for being too strong-willed to be suitable for a school teacher.
You're as stubborn as a mule.

Nicole: What crime is that?

Bembe: Well, it is not a crime as such; but don't you think it is a bad influence to the students?
(Bangs the table violently and shouts an order. Two police officers enter.) Handcuff her! (There
is a commotion as the officers reach out to Nicole. She resists bul is overwhelmed. There is an
interval of silence as Bembe begins to rummage through papers on Nicole 's table. Nicole
refuses to move and sits down on the floor. The officers drug her on the door) Stop: (The
officers’ slop. There is silence. Then Dembe moves behind Nicole 's table and starts pulling the
drawers open, one after the other.) Where have you hidden it?

Nicole:Hidden what?

Bembe: The Samaritan! (Nicole is visibly surprised at the answer but remains silent) I will tell
you this, whenever you see me personally involved in an arrest, you must know it's a serious
matter, as serious as death. And you should be afraid. Very afraid!

Nicole:I am not guilty of anything, and I refuse to be intimidated!

Bembe:(Inspector Bembe bangs the table violently with his gun. Nicole recoils with a start.)
Woman! Show sum seriousness! This is no laughing matter. Are you willing to talk?

Nicole: About What? (There is silence as Inspector Bembe wears his beret and places his
scepter under his armpits)

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Bembe:About the Samaritan.

Nicole:What about The Samaritan?

Bembe:Where is it?

Nicole:I don't understand you?

Bembe:Where is it? (He repeats angrily)

Nicole: (Swinging her head in disbelief) I have no such thing in my possession, but you can
download it from the internet.

Bembe:(Hitting Nicole on the face with a bunch of papers) Now you have to tell those two
students to shut that thing off. Alright?

Nicole:Why should 1?

Bembe:Because it is the right thing to do!

Nicole:I have no right to dictate what they do with their App.

Bembe: Then you have to shut it down yourself! We believe The Samaritan is your brainchild!
The two students are just a cover-up! And the App is a grave danger to society!

Nicole: Mr. Inspector, when The Samaritan helps us fight environmental degradation by
exposing the culprits, is that dangerous?

Bembe: Fighting environmental degradation is none of the school's business! We have

competent agencies employed to do that! Teach the authorized curriculum.

Nicole: When it helps LIS to know who supplies air to the Municipal Council instead of goods
and services, is that dangerous?

a)Briefly outline the events preceding this excerpt. (3 marks)

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b)In the light of what has been happening in the text, why does Inspector Bembe tell Nicole
that she has a reputation for being too strong-willed to be suitable for a school teacher? (2
marks)

c)Discuss two thematic concerns of the writer raised in the excerpt. (4 marks)

d)Identify one character trait of each of the following characters:

Inspector Bembe

Nicole

e)(i)Because it is the right thing to do! (Rewrite replacing "Because" with another subordinating

conjunction) (l mark)

(ii)You're as stubborn as a mule. (Rewrite adding a question tag) (l mark)

(iii)You're just confirming some of the other accusations that have been made against you.
(Rewrite replacing the underlined word with a phrasal verb) (1 mark)

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f)Pick out two stylistics devices employed in the excerpt and illustrate them. (4 marks)

g)(i) We believe The Samaritan is your brainchild! (Rewrite in the passive voice) (l mark)

(ii) Then you have to shut it down yourself (Rewrite ending with 'then") (l mark)

h)Explain the meanings of the following words used in the excerpt. (3 marks)

(i)Brainchild

(ii)Grave

3. Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)

There was a great famine in the land where Obunde and his wife, Oswera, lived with their nine
children. The only creatures who had some food were the ogres and before they would part with
their food, they demanded a lot of things. One day, Oswera went to one Ogre’s home and asked
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him for some food, for by then her children were almost dying of hunger. ‘I have no more food
except sweet potatoes, the ogre told her. ‘I shall be happy to have the potatoes. We have nothing,
not a grain of food at my house and the children are starving. Please let me have some and I shall
repay you after the harvest. ‘No, if you want food you must exchange with something right now.
Will you give me one of your children in exchange for my potatoes? Oswera hesitated, her
children were dear to her, but then they would die without food. ‘Yes, I shall let you have one of
them for his meal, if only you could let us have some potatoes,’ Oswera answered. Then she took
a big basket full of potatoes and told the ogre the exact time he could go to her home to collect
one of her children for a meal. Oswera thought hard and she decided she would not give a single
one of her children to the ogre for a meal. She therefore cut young banana stalks and cooked
them nicely. When the ogre came, she gave them to him and the beast greedily went away
satisfied. Soon the potatoes were finished and she had to go to the ogre again. Oswera and
Obunde, her husband kept on cooking banana stalks for the ogre each time he came for one of
their children, until one day, she had no more banana stalks to cook for the animal. “You have
now eaten all my children, yet we still need the potatoes. What shall we give your now?” Oswera
asked in despair. ‘Then I shall come for you and your husband,’ the ogre replied angrily as he
helped Oswera to load her basket of potatoes on her head. ‘Yes come tomorrow at the usual time
in the afternoon and get me. I shall have cooked myself for you,” Oswera said calmly. The
following day the ogre went promptly as Oswera had told him and he found the home almost
deserted. He looked everywhere but a part from Obunde there was no trace of anybody. Then he
looked at the usual place and found a huge bowl of a big meal Oswera had cooked for him. The
ogre did not realize they had prepared a dog instead of Oswera. When he had eaten the ogre told
Obunde he would come for him the following day. Obunde got very worried and that night he
could not sleep. The following day he started crying: “Ah Oswera my wife, how did you cook
yourself and how shall I cook myself for the ogre?” He sat down in the dust of his compound and
wept. Oswera became very annoyed with her husband. You, you stupid, foolish man! Why sit
and cry there all day long? How do you think I cooked myself? Take one of the dogs and quickly
prepare it for the ogre!’ Very quickly Obunde got up, caught, killed and prepared a dog for the
ogre. Then he joined his wife and children in a huge hollow part of a tree in his compound where
they had hidden. That day the ogre knew he was going to have his last meal of juicy human
flesh. Being a generous and unselfish ogre, he brought many of his fellow ogres. They were
going to have a feat. Suddenly as they were eating, they heard a man singing very happily. No
they could not believe it! It was Obunde singing! And he was boasting of how he had cheated the
ogre. The greedy ogre ate banana stalks Not my family; The greedy ogre ate a dog Not Obunde
Magoro! The greedy ogre ate banana stalks Not my family; Now come and get Obunde, His
children and wife.
Obunde sang the words and the ogres got very angry. The first ogre rushed into the hollow of the
tree, but Oswera had heated a long piece of iron until it was white. She pushed the iron into the
ogre’s mouth. The beast fell down dead. The next one rushed into the hollow and Oswera killed
him in the same way. In this way she killed all the ogres and saved her husband and all their
children. My story ends there.

Questions
Page 64
(a) Whom do you consider to be the hero in this story and why? (2mks)

(b) In your own words, describe the setting of this story. (2mks)

(c) Compare Obunde and the ogre as they are presented in this story. (2mks)

(d) What is the role of the song in this story? (2mks)

(e) Describe the character of Oswera, the wife as seen in this story. (2mks)

(f) Other than the song, identify and illustrate one other feature of style used in the story. (2mks)

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(g) (a) Explain the moral teaching of this story. (2mks)

(b) Use an appropriate proverb to summarize this lesson. (1mk)

(h) List down three characteristics of the above genre. (3mks)

(i) If you were to collect the above, what methods of data collection would you use? (2mks)

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4. GRAMMAR

a) Rewrite the following as instructed.

i) The mother cannot take credit for it and neither can the daughter.
(Rewrite beginning: Neither .)

ii) Karendi is the of the twins. (Use pretty in its correct form)

iii) The warrior was mutilated by the lion..............(He is recuperating from the attack)

b) Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences.
i) Due to lack of proper diet, Atieno’s child is .. . (nourish).

ii) Tuju is one man whose (pronounce) is superb.

iii) Wanja is a very . (discipline) student, no wonder she is always punished.

c) Replace the underlined words with the most appropriate phrasal verbs formed from the
words in brackets.

i) The brothers do not agree in principles. (Get)

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 ii) He refused to withdraw the injurious words on his opponent. (Take)

iii) Marion despises her step sister because she is illiterate from the (look).

d) Arrange the adjectives in brackets to fill in the gap in each sentence.

i) He bought dress as a Christmas gift for his mother. (large, cotton, blue, pretty.)

ii) The man is the king’s only heir. (light skinned, handsome, young, short

iii) Let us take a seat at the (oval beautiful, mahogany) table

e) Use the verbs in brackets to form correct idiomatic expressions to complete each of the
sentences below:
i) Although Peter and John are brothers, they never quite .. (see).

ii) The maize scandal case is certainly a (crack) because there seems no headway.

iii) When someone habitually steals he will one day (face).

TRIAL 7
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
WOMEN IN IRAN

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So far, everything seems normal. But in the illustrations accompanying this description the
ballerinas have been air-brushed out. Instead, an empty space, the floor and the blank wall
meets the eye. Like so many other images of women in Iran the ballerinas have been censored.
Dega’s painting is emblematic of a basic paradox of life in Iran, 20 years after the Islamic
revolution. On the one hand, the regime has succeeded in completely repressing Iranian women.
At any Government Institutions, Universities and Airports there are separate entrances for
women, where they are often checked for signs of violating the strict dress code. They are
forbidden to go out unless they are covered by clothing that conceals everything but their
hands and faces. At one of the universities where I used to teach, I ’m told a female professor
was expelled because her wrist had shown from under her sleeve while she was writing on
the blackboard.
Yet these measures, meant to render women invincible and powerless, are paradoxically
making women visible and powerful. By attempting to control every aspect of women ’s
lives and by staking its legitimacy on the Iranian people ’s supposed desire for this control the
regime has unwittingly handed women a powerful weapon; every private act or gesture in
defiance of official rule is now a strong political statement.
Meanwhile, because its extreme regulation of women ’s lives unnecessarily intrudes on the
private lives of men, the regime has also alienated many men who initially supported the
revolution
Women on the eve of the Islamic revolution were active in all areas of life in Iran. They were
encouraged to participate in areas normally closed to them. Women were police officer, judges
and pilots-active in every field except the clergy. By 1978, 22 women were members of
parliament and two sat in the senate.
The Ayatollah Khomeini accused them of betraying culture and tradition. Dr. Farrokhrou Parsa
was one of these alleged traitors. She gave up her medical practice to become principal of
the girls school I attended in Tehran. Then she became Iranians first female cabinet
minister, in charge of education. When the Shah was ousted, Parsa was summarily tried and
executed. She was charged with “corruption on earth, warring against God ” and “Expansion of
prostitution”, allowed no defense nowhere and sentenced by hooded judges; she was put in a
sack before being killed.
Ayatollah Khomeini tried to expel women from the public sphere was not surprising. What was
surprising was the leftist members of the revolutionary coalition who went away.
The leftist had traditionally appeared to support women’s rights. However, their totalitarian
mindset was ultimately more at ease with the rigid rule exposed by the reactionary derics
with the pluralistic approach favoured by the women’s movement. Thus, when the Ayatollah
began his crackdown, he had the full support of the leftists.
Many Iranian women, on the other hand were not so pliant. On a cold day in March 1979,
thousands of shouting women massed Tuto one of the Tehran ’s wide avenues. They had gathered
to express their resistance to the Ayatollah’s attempt to make them invincible.
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Some days earlier, the Ayatollah had annulled the family protection.

a)What reason did the Ayatollah give for wanting to make women invincible?

b. Do you think the writer of this passage is male or female? Support your answer

c. i) Cite one of the repressive laws against women.

ii)Why was the professor expelled?

d. List the three accusations leveled against Dr. Farrokhrou Parsa in the passage.

e. Describe the theme in this passage.

f.

f.Before the Islamic revolution in which areas were women encouraged to participate?

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g. Explain the paradox the author refers in the third paragraph which begins, “Yet these
measures”

h. Describe the writer’s opinion on the treatment of women in the passage

i. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases in the passage
-censored -
-emblematic -
-alleged -
- leftist-
-espoused-
j.What title can be given to this passage?

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)
Mossi: Far from the truth! Take the issue of development, for example. Everywhere in The
Samaritan, I am being accused of inflating the cost of projects and presiding over shoddy
Municipal works. Am I indeed responsible for that?

Nicole: Maybe it is because you are the overall leader. The buck stops with you, as they say.

Mossi: Oh, yes, it's easy to think so because I am the overall custodian of the public good in our

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Municipality. But take any project, such as the construction and maintenance of secondary
roads in our

town. Are any roads ever constructed? I will tell you what happens. Only a few kilometres of
road are usually dug up and then levelled. Then the contractor pours old black oil and claims
the road is tarmacked.

Today, our secondary roads look like part of an abandoned battlefield where bombs were
detonated. Even tractors can get stuck in those roads! Yet, the Council pays top dollar for these
roads each year! Am I responsible?

Nicole: Tell me, Your Worship.

Mossi :(Standing up and pacing about at the boardroom) It is my Deputy! That irredeemable
gossip and

broker! As you know, he doubles up as our Municipal Secretary for the Department of Physical

infrastructure. He uses this position to ensure only his companies or those of his relatives win
tenders for road construction in our Municipality. The same happens with regard to tenders for
the construction of bridges, pavements, drains and. watercourses. Sadly, they don't do any
meaningful work! They simply

misappropriate the funds!

Nicole : So what does that have to do with the people?

Mossi : Doesn't bother you that the people overwhelmingly voted for this kind of a person
knowing very well he has never accomplished anything in his life other than swindle the
people?

Nicole: Oh, did they know?

Mossi: Of course, they did! There is hardly any person he has not conned in this town! You
always find him leaning on the street poles in our town's backstteets, gazing vacantly into
empty spaces like an evil Spirit — waiting for fake title deeds to be printed. He prints ten title
deeds for the same plot, and then sells the same plot to ten different people. Yet the people
went ahead and voted for him! Why do the people glorify evil and mediocrity, and then turn
and whine when it hurts them? And you know what?

a)Place this excerpt in its immediate context. (4 marks)

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b)Mayor Mossi claims that Hon. Ramdaye has conned almost everyone in their town. Mention
one Council leader who has been conned and explain how. (2 marks)

c)Discuss two themes raised in the excerpt. (4 marks)

d)Identify twocharacter traits of Hon. Ramdaye brought out in the excerpt. (4 marks)

e)What two stylistic techniques the writer has employed in the excerpt? (4 marks)

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(i)They simply misappropriate the funds! (Rewrite in the passive) (l mark)

(ii)Only a few kilometres of road are usually dug up and then levelled. (Rewrite in the active

voice) (1 mark)

(iii)Maybe it is because you are the overall leader. (Rewrite replacing "may be" with another
word)

(iv)The buck stops with you, as they say. (Rewrite adding a question tag) (1 mark)

(v)Everywhere in The Samaritan, I am being aaccused of inflating the cost of projects and

presiding over shoddy Municipal works. Rewrite replacing the underlined word with a phrasal

verb) (l mark)

f)Explain the meanings of the following words used in the excerpt. (2 marks)

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g)Inflating

h)Misappropriate

3. POETRY
My parents
My parents kept me from children who were rough.
Who threw words like stones and who wore torn clothes
Their thighs showed through rags.
They ran in the streets –
And climbed cliffs and stripped by the country streamsI feared more than tigers their
muscles like iron

Their jerking hands and their knees tight on my arms.

Ifeared the salt Coarse pointing of those boys
Who copied my lisp behind me on the road.
They were lithe, the sprang out behind hedges
Like dogs to bark at my world.
They threw mud While I looked the other way, pretending to smile I longed to forgive
them, but they never smiled.

Whom did the speaker’s parents try to protect him from and why? (3mks)

What happens in stanza two? (2mks)

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How did the rough children treat the speaker? (2mks)

Describe the attitude of the speaker towards the rough children. (3mks)

Describe the character of the speaker as depicted in the poem. (2mks)

Identify a figure of speech used in the poem. (2mks)

Highlight the irony in the last stanza of the poem. (2mks)

What is the theme of the poem? (2mks)

Give the meaning of the following words as used in the poem. (2mks)

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Jerking
Lithe

4.GRAMMAR
a)Re-write the following sentences according to the instructions given after each
(i) Hassan did not complain. He did not report to the police. (Re-write as one sentence
using a conjunction)

(ii) It was my sister who made it possible for my schooling. (Use ‘but for’)

(iii) Ibadan is a very large town in Africa. (Use the superlative degree)

(b) Explain the meaning of the underlined idiomatic expressions:-

(i) Many people in this country live from hand to mouth.

(ii) The manager realized that Mbuthia was a hard nut to crack.

(c) Fill in the blank spaces with the appropriate form of the word in the bracket

(i) We should give ______________________to our academic work(PREFER)

(ii) His ____________________surprised His Excellency (ELOQUENT)
(iii) People rushed to the street when they heard the ________________of the two
lorries.(COLLIDE)

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 (d) Replace the underline word in each of the following sentences with a phrasal verb:-

(i) The old man died quietly last night.

(ii) We felt completely disappointed by John’s performance.

(iii) Juma always visits during meals.

(e) Re-write the following sentences correctly:-

(i) The student knocked on the door continuously as the others watched

(ii) The child inflated the balloon too much that it burst

(f) Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate preposition :-

(i) She has lived in Samburu ________________ten years.

(ii) It is improper to hurl abuses ____________people.

TRIAL 8
Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow:-
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You could win a car, a motorcycle, or a generous cash reward. But you have to score an ‘A ’ in
the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education first.
As the cut throat competition for the best performance among schools intensifies, ingenious
school administrators are coming up with all kinds of rewards to motivate their students to turn
into top performers in the national examinations.
The top reward, a car, was promised to the top student at Nairobi school, while Alliance and
Mang’u high schools promised to reward each ‘A’ grade student with shs.10,000.But Kianjuri
High school has a different reward altogether.
At the beginning of 2006, 14-year-old Francis Itote walked through the wrought iron gate
of Kanjuri High school. Four years later, he rode out of the school on a brand new
motorcycle.
Itote’s new ride was a gift from the school’s board of governors because he had given the school
its first ‘A’ in the last five years.
The board had challenged last year’s candidates with an enticing offer; anyone who got an
‘A’ in KCSE would receive a motorcycle, with a one year comprehensive insurance cover
and shs.5,000 cash prize. The motorcycle is valued at shs.70,000.
In a region where motorcycle taxis are valued by enterprising youth, the prize elicited
immediate and intense competition among students.
As the motorcycle was officially handed over to 19-year-old Itote at a colourful ceremony
on the school’s football field; students could not wait to dash back to class to study in a
bid to claim the motorcycle next year.
“If I get one, I will go straight into the boda boda business, ’ said Max Muturi, a form four
student.All over Kenya, school boards as well as old boys and girls associations are
willing to spend millions on incentives for students.
But education officials, including school principals, warn that these material rewards may
not be the best way to prepare top students to face the challenges of everyday life after
school.
“Motivating students by giving them money may not be sustainable in the long run,’ says Patrick
Nyagosia, a provincial director of education.
The official warns that once top students step into a world where money is scarce; their level
of motivation might come crashing down.
Dr. Stephen Wahome, a clinical psychologist with psychological Health services, Nairobi,
concurs. If not well handled, some of the incentives given by schools can easily end up
doing more harm than good.
“Unless the reward had some relevance to the young learners’ mental and emotional status,
it can easily disorientate them,’ warns the psychologist.
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 (Adapted from ‘Saturday
Nation’ March 27,2010)

(a) Why do school administrators come up with all kinds of rewards?

(b) In note form, list the types of rewards offered by the various schools

(c) What is the main requirement to deserve the above rewards?

(d) According to the passage, what enabled Francis Itote to ride out of school on a band
new
motorcycle?

(e) If I get one, I will go straight into the boda boda business.

Rewrite using ‘unless’ .............................................................................

(f) What is ironic about the mode of rewards given to top performers by school
administrators?

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 (g) School boards as well as old boys and girls associations are willing to spend millions
on
incentives for students. Rewrite using ...not only....

(h) Briefly describe the author’s attitude towards material rewards to students

(i) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage:

enterprising youth........

challenges of everyday life..........

disorientate....................
2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Mossi: ……..As you all know, The Samaritan crisis has snowballed into a huge nightmare since
our meeting a week ago. I called you here as my dependable allies so that we can agree on how
to handle the unfolding crisis.

Bembe: Before we can get there, Your Worship, it is only fair that I bring to your attention the
very high likelihood of my untimely death, any time soon.

Mossi: What did you say?

Bembe: I logged into the App yesterday and found out that I am accused of countless cases of
corruption, violation of human rights, drug peddling, and extortion. It's giving me the willies!
And you know very well my blood sugar isn't good. At one point, I suspect I drifted into a coma!

Mossi: Did you say sugar? That is a bit dangerous. You may need to eat some salt every now
and then. But above all, don't worry, you are not alone. (Holding his head with both hands) I
also temporarily lost consciousness when I learned that my Deputy, Seymour and Ted are
mobilising Councillors and Aldermen to pass a vote of no confidence in me. I fear they will send
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me to prison. I now see Baneta Express Prison each time I close my eyes. It is such a damned
place! I can even smell the revolting stench of the cells though I have never been there!

Harvester: That could be an ill omen.

Mossi: it's a very distinct smell. So strong, I have been unable to eat since yesterday!

Bembe: You may need to chew something with a strange taste and pungent smell; or in fact,
something completely neutral, like ordinary grass.

Mossi: But I am not scared, as I always say. This is the nature of war. So, to get to our business...

Harvester: Your Worship, let me also bring to your attention that I am accused of many crimes
of abuse of office. The latest accusations are the letters I did banning the use of Apps and
directing our ICT Officer to take steps against suspect innovations. No sooner had I dispatched
the letters than they found their way into The Samaritan.

Mossi: (Looking at Mr. Harvester) Don't worry, I am also accused of many crimes, particularly
what they are calling municipal capture. What exactly is that by the way?

Harvester: it is worst form of corruption and abuse of office, ' in which your private interests
determine the direction of public policy,

Mossi: Do you think there is evidence for that?

Harvester: I see a wide range of purported documentary evidence posted on the App, but I
don't know whether it is admissible in court. I wonder how the people are getting all this
information, some of which is classified.

Mossi: It is the porcupine!

Bembe: The porcupine?

Mossi: Yes, the weather-beaten porcupine! I mean the opposition chief, Hon. Basdeo! He has
been the main actor behind the information on that thing and the newspapers. My contacts in
the media houses confirmed this to me last night. The day we left Sagrada Secondary School
lats year; the porcupine went straight to the bank. He withdrew money and paid journalists to
sit down for days on end, looking for any damaging information on us, and uploading it on The
Samaritan. He has assembled serious arsenal against us enough to last for the next two
months!' That confirms The Samaritan is a political weapon to destroy me. And the porcupine
can do anything to acquire power! Even selling. his own mother!

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Harvester: He is doing a horrible job on us. Today's stories are particularly damaging. (Looking
at the

mayor) They have all reported, for example, that I ordered the purchase of all the newspapers
the other week using public funds following your instructions.

Questions

a)From elsewhere in the play, why do the Deputy Mayor, Hon. Seymour and Hon. Ted mobilise

Councillors and Aldermen to pass a vote of no confidence in Mayor Sossi (3 marks)

b)Identify and explain the character of Inspector Bembe and Harvester as brought in this
excerpt.

c)Identify and illustrate two aspects of style used in the excerpt.

d)Describe Mayor Mossi's attitude towards Hon. Basdeo.

e)Explain any two themes addressed in this excerpt. (4 marks)

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f)No sooner bad I dispatched the letters than they found their way into The Samaritan. Rewrite
beginning:

Barely...

g)What happens immediately after this excerpt? (2 marks)

h)Explain the 'meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage. (4 marks)

i.Dependable allies

ii.Giving me the willies

iii.Damned place

iv.Admissible in court

3.Read the following oral piece and answer the questions that follow:
The Nzaiko of the Akamba
Are you really circumcising or not?
That I may enter into this home
Mother Mailu, Mailu, Mailu Mother of child, come out
Annoit me, annoit me down to my feet before I go.
The circumcision man is busy now
The reason why, I don’t know I am fence,
I protect youth Mother of child You better respond to me
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Rather than keeping quiet Why are you annoyed? Are you annoyed? Are you annoyed
by my visit? I had better examine
A gourd is inside I had better examine.
A goat is inside I had better examine.
Questions
Briefly explain what the oral piece is about. (3mks)

What aspects of society are brought out in the poem? (2mks)

What evidence of circumcision ceremony is there? (1mk)

Identify and illustrate any three aspects of style used in the song? (6mks)

Why do you think the mother of child was annoyed? (2mks)

Identify and illustrate two voices in the song? (4mks)

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Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the song. (2mks)
Down to my feet
I am fence, I protect youth

4. GRAMMAR
a) Fill in each of the blank spaces with a phrasal verb which means the same as the word given*
The driver .. (started) the lights and saw the carjackers

Many girls (leave) school before completing their secondary education

We study till late in the night to . (compensate) the lost time

b) Rewrite the following sentences following instructions given in brackets

i) Agnes accepted to marry Abdalla. She did not know he had two other wives already.
(Rewrite as one sentence beginning: Oblivious of ..)

ii) Akinyi why do you always quarrel Edwin? he asked

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 iii) He is quite handsome (Begin: How----------)

c) Fill in the following sentences with appropriate linking words

i) She could have improved ..she had listened to her teachers

ii) Weche is rude to his instructor;, he is a loving husband and father back home

iii) Students are prone to break rules; ., they should be under strict surveillance
and encouraged to do right

d) Rewrite the following sentences correctly

i) If today was Sunday, I would have gone to church

ii) We returned back to school before 7.00 P.M

iii) I wish I was as well prepared for K.C.S.E as you

e) Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate personal pronoun

Between you and ..(me/ I) who is taller?

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Rose and . (she/ her) left for Nairobi.

The winners are Arendi and.. (her/ she)

TRIAL 9
Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow:-
Ethnocentrism is a way of putting ourselves at the centre of everything and judging all others
by our standards. It is a universal weakness and one that is at the root of most tribal and racial
misunderstandings. While we consider ourselves superior and exalt our customs, we look
down with scorn on those who behave differently from ourselves. They are lazy,
unintelligent, immoral, un-enterprising, and materialistic. The more different these people are
from us, the stronger our condemnation.
But this outlook raises a key question – what are the criteria for making these judgments?
In each society, customs evolve to meet specific needs. It is when outsiders judge these
customs against their own, particularly when they are very different, that they find them
absurd, illogical or even downright savage.
Here in Kenya as many parts of Africa, old people are held in very high esteem. Custom
demands respect for the old, and in some cases, superstition enforces it by threatening
that if the old are treated badly, their ghosts will take revenge on those who were unkind to them.
The old people therefore enjoy a great deal of respect; they are consulted in decision-
making and they continue to head their house holds even when their sons are grown up. We
find it inconceivable that the people could treat their old in any other way.
When we learn that some nomadic tribes in Australia and Brazil used to kill their old, we
immediately label them as barbaric and uncivilized. And yet, for those people, it was a
perfectly practical thing to do. They had to walk long distances in search of pasture, often
with enemies in pursuit. The old were a burden and if captured would be tortured to death; it was
kinder to kill them
A further example of apparently strange behaviour is the treatment of old people in some
modern European families. They put their old in homes for the aged, a practice which we
may find cruel and selfish. Within the framework of these societies, however, this is quite
acceptable. Many European houses are small, and domestic help is not readily available to
care for the old. In an old people’s home, they will have more company and attention. None of

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those ways is superior to the others. They are all ways of coping with the problem of the old and
as long as they do not create discord in the society, they are justifiable.
Variations abound in all forms of behaviour. What, for example is the standard form of
greeting? For some of us, the American nod of the head and ‘Hi ’ may appear too casual
and impersonal. To the Americans, our elaborate handshaking and exchange of courtesies
may appear too ritualistic and a waste of precious time. The Baganda women kneel in
greeting. Those sensitive about equality of the sexes may find this behaviour
objectionable. The French hug and kiss when they meet friends – some Africans may find this
embarrassing.
The increased speed of travel has in a sense created a world community. There is even some
validity in talking about the international man- one who can travel to any corner of the globe
equipped with international language, dress and manners. But shall become sufficiently
internationalized so that we are no longer ethnocentric or shall we always remain
intolerant?

Questions
1. a) What is at the root of tribal and racial misunderstanding?

b) Why should we not condemn other people’s customs? (3mks)

c) Explain the irony in the way some nomadic tribes in Australia and Brazil used to treat their
old (3mks)

d) Why does the author contrast how Kenyan’s treat the old and how the old are traditionally
treated in Brazil and Australia (2
mks)

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e) What is the writer’s attitude towards the old people among the nomadic tribes in Australia and
Brazil

f) Here in Kenya, as in many parts of Africa, old people are held in very high esteem.
(Rewrite beginning: Old people ..) (2
mks)

g) State the theme of this passage (2

mks)

h) Explain the meaning of each of the following words: (5

mks)
i) Root
ii) Exalt
iii) Inconceivable
iv) Apparently
v) Discord

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 mrks)
Narine: I did; maybe he has not seen 'it. (There is silence, then the principal continues) The App
has sent shock waves across the Municipality. Leaders and many other people are in terrible
panic. l am beginning to feel you might have to do a very long and hard thinking about the App.

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(Pauses again) I do not know how, but this matter has to be brought to a close with the urgency
and seriousness it deserves. It is dangerous.
Nicole: I believe it will be over soon, once the President has launched the App, Madam
Principal, Then it will be out of our hands.
Narine: I am not completely sure about that. What I am certain is that our Municipal leaders are
convinced you are running the show behind the scenes as regards the App: and that-you are in
a position of getting them out of the predicament they now find themselves in.
Nicole: It is natural for them to think so; most people do. And this is because I am not only the
teåcher in charge of innovation but also a mentor to the two students.
Narine: Nothing beyond that?
Nicole: Nothing.
Narine: You see, Nicole, you are one of my best members of staff. It would be very unfortunate
if you lied to me. I am an old lady, Nicole; old enough to be your mother and perceptive enough
to know the kind of ambition you have.
Nicole: Well, I did midwife the idea of the two students and then guided them. As their mentor,
I should also provide direction us regards their intellectual property as the originators of the
App. But then, isn't that my role as a teacher and mentor?
Narine: Nicole, you have been here long enough to know me. I take my work seriously. I am
single
mindedly focused on the mission of the school, whicll is to provide the students under our care
with quality education. I have never allowed, and will not allow, any teacher in this institution
to deviate from this course.
Nicole: I have absolutely no intention of deviating from my professional obligations as a
teacher, Madam Principal.
Narine: Everything done in this school must serve the single purpose of preparing the students
entrusted to us to be responsible and productive citizens. I will not stand or allow anything that
will distract you, or any other member of staff, or the students, or even myself, from pursuing
this mission. You must, therefore, figure out a way of putting this matter to rest. I think what
you are doing is good. But it must not derail us from the greater good that is the mission of the
school. Do you understand?
Nicole: Yes, yes, I understand, Madam Principal. But would you rather that we abandon such an
ingenious innovation, with the great potential of improving governance in our Municipality,
justto appease a self seeking political class?
Narine: Listen to me, young lady. I am a seasoned administrator and I know the value of
learning how to pick battles. You need to know which battles to wage, which ones to avoid and
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which ones to defer. What battle can a young girl like you have with the Mayor? If you dare an
elephant into a wrestling match, will it not trample on you?
Nicole: An elephant that kills a rat is not a hero, Madam Principal.
Questions
a)Place this excerpt in 'its immediate context. (4 marks)

b)Identify two themes in this excerpt. (4 marks)

c)Describe the character of Narine and Municipal leaders as revealed in this excerpt. (4 marks)

d)Identify and illustrate two aspects of style used in this excerpt. (4 marks)

e)Explain the following images as used in the excerpt (2 marks)

I.Wrestling match -combat/battle
II.An elephant — a dangerous/strong opponent

f)Listen to me, young-lady. Rewrite beginning: Will., (l mark)

g)Why is Madam Narine cautious about Nicole's battle with the Municipal leaders? (2 marks)

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h)Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
i.Midwife
ii.Ingenious
iii.Figure out
iv.Defer

3. POETRY
It is Well!
He is coming back to us after many years away
We released him to you young, vibrant and eloquent.
But you ;ve brought him back,
To the cradle, this great son of the soil
A "mganga" with a heavy tongue,Vanguished, punctured, empty-handed
With eyes continually dripping
Could he be saddened by our predicament
Or are they tears of regret?We gave him out as the best we could find,
One who had we known, we ;d have kept around hereto look after our affairs.
He was a good Son, blessed of the clan,
That Son you people mocked, is a good Son!
But see who you have brought us back!
Well, he is ours and we ;ll build him a house by the shore!
(By Odhiambo Kaumah)

Who could be the ‘We’ in the poem? Explain. (2 marks)

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Mention any two changes highlighted in the poem. (2 marks)

Illustrate the use of any two poetic devices which qualify this as an oral poem. (4 marks)

Explain the subject matter of the poem. (3 marks)

What is the effect of the line: ‘But see who you have brought us back!’? (2 marks)

Explain the persona’s attitude towards the ‘good Son’ (3 marks)

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Why do you think the word ‘Son’ begins with a capital letter? (2 marks)

Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the poem. (2 marks)
Heavy tongue
Empty-handed

4. GRAMMAR
1. a) Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the brackets
i) He . (flung/flang) the mud onto the wall.
ii) The murderer was ..(hung/hunged) for his crime.
iii) The leader ..(dealt/dealed) the cards out to the players briskly.
iv) The boy . .(leaped/lept/leapt) across the ditch
v) She ...(bore/borne) the burden patiently

b) Complete the passage below with the most appropriate word from the list given:
(breath, breathe, cloth, clothe, bathe, bath)

Namboka felt dizzy and she took a walk so as to .. fresh air. It was
while walking that she noticed that her as smelling badly. She went to
her room, brushed her teeth and decided to her sweaty body. She
put water in a basin, undressed and then wrapped herself with a
clean before going to clean her body. After five minutes, she emerged
clean and put on her best

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 c) Supply the missing prepositions in the following sentences:-

i) Opemi has a great passion . .. debtors

ii) My mother prohibited me ... talking to strangers
iii) Walukanga was born .. humble and God fearing parents
iv) The head dress of Acoli is similar . that of the Luo.

TRIAL 10
Read the following passage and answer the following that follow:

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
If you belong to a club, a college, a large company or some other institution, you will find
that it has a set of rules. Theses govern the organizational structure of an institution, its
composition, its powers and the rules which regulate its management. All persons who
belong to the institution will have to abide by its rules. It is the same with the nations of the
worlds. Each of them is governed by a set of rules, which is described in law as a constitution.
A constitution has been defined as ‘a document having a special legal sanctity which sets
out the frame and framework and the principal functions of the organs of government of a
state and declares the principles governing the operation of these organs
Most modern constitutions are, in fact, contained in a formal document known as ‘the
constitution.’ This constitution is described as a written constitution, because it is
contained in a written law in the form of an Act of Parliament
A written constitution is generally contrasted with an unwritten constitution. An unwritten
constitution is not found in any formal document as such, but is contained in a
number of sources. One example of an unwritten constitution is the British constitution. Its

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sources are found in statute law, case law, conventions of the constitution and even in certain
textbooks.
A further contrast between constitutions is that some are rigid while others are flexible. A
rigid constitution is one which can only be changed as the result of a long and
cumbersome procedure. Such constitutions can only be by definition, written constitutions.
For example, an amendment to the American constitution can only be effected by the
approval of the president , a two-thirds majority in the House of Representatives and
the senate, and the approval of the three-quarters of the Legislature of the Federal States. It
is possible to delay or block such amendments in either the House of the Representatives or the
senate. It does not follow though, that all written constitutions are rigid. It depends on the
manner in which an amendment can be made. A flexible constitution is a constitution which
can be amended with ease. All unwritten constitutions will generally be flexible.
The Kenya constitution can be altered by a Bill supported on the second and third
readings by votes of not less than sixty five percent of all the members of the
National Assembly. Such a Bill also requires the assent of the President. There is no
question of any referendum and the ease with which the Kenya constitution has been
amended since the original independence constitution of 1963, suggests that although the
constitution is written, it is nevertheless a flexible one.
Another distinction can be drawn between Unitary and Federal constitutions where ,under a
unitary constitution, as is in Kenya, the Central Government retains the principal powers of
state; there is no delegation of powers to the provinces. Under a federal constitution, the power
of state are divided between the Central Government and the Federal States, as is the case in
Nigeria.
The importance of the constitution in Kenya is made by the section 3 of the Act of
Parliament. In here, the constitution is supported by the force of law throughout Kenya.
If an other law is inconsistent with this constitution, the constitution shall prevail and the
other law shall be void. This gives the High Court of Kenya power to declare any Act of
parliament which is inconsistent with any part of the constitution to be
unconstitutional and void. In addition, if the Executive (which includes both the
administration and the members of the local and central government) acts in an
unconstitutional manner, an aggrieved person can apply to the High Court for declaratory
order. This order can claim the action in question is ultra vires. In addition, he can apply for
an order of injunction to restrain the Executive from acting in the manner it proposes.
From what has been said above, it is clear that there is a division of powers between the three
organs. The powers of government are traditionally divided into three main organs; the
executive, the judiciary and the legislative. This division, in a way, is necessary. If the
same person or body exercised all the three functions, then there could be tyranny and
arbitrary government. It is, therefore desirable that the power of government should be
vested in different persons or bodies, but a strict separation is still not possible or
desirable . In Kenya , we have separation of powers but only to a certain extent.
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The legislature, which makes laws, includes certain members of the Executive Ministers who
are responsible for carrying out the laws. This link here, between the executive and the
Legislature, is essential for the efficient administration of government services. For
example, the rent tribunals exercise a quasi- judicial function by these tribunals is not usurpation
of the powers of the Judiciary. It is only a recognition of the fact that there are certain
functions which can be conveniently administered by other bodies.
Adapted from The Laws of Kenya: An
Introduction
By Tudor Jackson, Kenya literature Bureau,
Nairobi, 1970.

a) What is the purpose of having rules in any organization according to the passage?

b) According to the passage, differentiate between a ‘unitary’ and a ‘federal’ constitution.

c) Describe the kind of constitution Kenya has in the passage.

d) In note form, state which constitution you would prefer and why.

e) A rigid constitution is one which can only be changed as a result of a long and a
cumbersome procedure’ Begin: Only ..

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f) In Kenya, we have a separation of powers but only to a certain extent. (Add a question
tag)

g) Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases:

i) i) Void –
ii) Ultra vires –
iii) block -
iv) referendum
2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Mossi:…… Section of the municipal leadership is demanding that I approve a budget

reallocation so as to give each Council member money to fight court cases that might come up
against them following exposures in The Samaritan. All this money will end up in the pockets of
judges and lawyers. If I don't do this, they will pass a vote of no confidence in me. Thereafter,
they will reallocate the budget to cater for their interests.

Nicole: Does that mean that the whole of what we call our Municipal Council is a criminal
enterprise?

Mossi: One could easily conclude so, but of course with some exceptions. There are some very
good and wonderful leaders in that Chamber, and in the Municipal administration. In fact, take
me, for example, I have been trying the best I can to protect the public interest.

Nicole: (Interrupting the Mayor) You mean all the accusations levelled against you in The
Samaritan are false?

Mossi: To be honest, we all make mistakes, as I said, but some are just natural and excusable.
See, for example, a loaf of bread for the people comes through me. I am part of the people; so I
take a slice, or even two, or in fact only three, and give the rest to the people: (the Mayor
pauses, then continues.) But not so with these criminals. They eat the whole loaf together with
the wrapping and, where possible, even the vendor!
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(Pauses again) And remember my family does not deal with the Municipal Council. My wife is a
pastor and does no business with the Municipal Council. My children are all abroad. What with
all these other

criminals? Take my Deputy, Hon. Ramdaye. His family are doing almost all Municipal Council
projects that fall under his department. His wife, daughters, sons, cousins, in-laws and out-laws
too; and I think even his great grandfather! You might think our Department of Infrastructure is
the official residence of the Ramdaye family!

Nicole: To whom are all these people answerable?

Mossi: (Ignoring her question) And the Principal Judge! Justice Ian Jaden! Who can put him on
the line? Granted, his wife ran away, but he has countless mistresses and relatives doing
business with the Municipal Council. Justice Jaden hawks justice like cabbages! I believe you
have seen him; smartly dressed, wearing a solemn look, ',walking with confidence and looking
fair and just! but that is just the exterior that we see, just as we see the flowers on the surface
of a fresh grave! Dare dig deeper and you will see Justice Ian Jaden in his true colours! And
that's the way most of them are in the legal profession! The outer looks are the ornaments of a
grave! Is it any wonder that the Son of Man cursed them?

Nicole: Oh my good Lord!

Mossi: And then Hon. Seymour! Well, okay, his children don't do business with the Municipal
Council; but it is because they are all on drugs. The eldest has taken permanent residence at the
rehab. The other one isinebriated permanently at the casino. The wife is total garbage and
perpetually drunk. And Seymour himself? He does nothing other than sell those evil things he
deals with, pull his evil goatee and hide behind his satanic dark glasses threatening everyone
and everything including his own shadow! That man can

Nicole: Don't you think, Your Worship that posting this information on The Samaritan would
help shift most of the blame from yourself?

QUESTIONS

a) Place this excerpt in its immediate context. (4 marks)

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b) Explain the effectiveness of two figures of speech in this excerpt. (6marks)

c) From elsewhere in the play, state what The Samarian has exposed. (2marks)

d) Identify and illustrate any two themes addressed in the excerpt (4 marks)

e) Describe the character of Justice Jaden and Hon. Ramdaye as revealed in this excerpt (4
marks)

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f) To whom are all these people answerable? Rewrite to end ...to. (1 mark)

g) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage. (4 marks)

i.Mobilized

ii.Criminal enterprise

iii.Inebriated

iv.Perpetually drunk

3. POETRY

MADAM AND HER MADAM

I worked for a woman
She wasn’t mean House to clean
But she had a twelved roomHouse to clean
Had to get breakfastDinner, and supper too
Then take care of her children
When I got through Wash, iron and scrub
Walk the dog around,It was too much
Nearly broke me downI said, madam
Can it beYou are trying to make a Pack-horse out of me
She opened her mouthShe cried,
“oh no!You know AlbertaI love you so!”I said “madam,

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That may be true-
But I will be dogged If I loved you.
Questions.
Briefly explain what the poem is about. (4mks)

Who is the persona in the poem? (1mk)

Contrast the character trait of the persona and that of Madam. (4mks)

Identify and illustrate the stylistic devices evident in the poem. (6mks)

Identify and explain one theme evident in the poem. (2mks)

Comment on the tone of the poem. (2mks)

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Explain the meaning of the following line used in the poem (1mk)
“can it be you are trying to make a park-horse out of me?

4. GRAMMAR

a) Rewrite the following sentences according to instructions. Do not change the meaning

i) I dont know why she came, Okoth replied. (Rewrite in reported speech)

ii) Nevele sang this song. (Change into passive)

iii) Peter does not have any money. (Change into affirmative form)

iv) I was not surprised that Nanjendo trekked that far. (Rewrite beginning: That.

b) Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the words in brackets

i) Swiss watches are famous for their ________________ (precise).

ii) Such ______________________ (repeat) serves no purpose.

iii) The ___________________ (clear) of the speech impressed us.

iv) The police said it was a strange __________________(occur)

c) Use an appropriate word to complete each of the following sentences

i) She was in great pain ___________ did not complain.

ii) Matumbayi earns his living ___________ selling second hand clothes.

iii) The preacher spoke for hours; _______________I did not get what he was saying

iv) For ______________ have you brought this food? Tortoise asked the servers

d) Rewrite the following sentences, inserting all punctuation marks in the correct places

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 i) the river between the teacher said was Ngugi wa thiongos first novel

ii) tom had one great desire to become a doctor

iii) its pity we have to live on charity he lamented

TRIAL 11
1.Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow
Most of the 10 million Kenyans threatened with starvation are not where you
thought they would be. They are not in the drought-stricken rural areas. They are
instead, in the country’s urban centres, huddled in the informal settlements famously known
as slums.
New official report lays bare the reasons for Kenyan ’s hunger – and they go
beyond rain failure. Drought is only one of the growing number of causes of hunger
threatening nearly 10 million people in the country.
The Kenya Food Security Update- released early this week- says that the
highest number of people who are likely to starve are low-income earners who live in
urban informal settlements. According to the February 2009 Survey, 4.1million people in
Nairobi and Mombasa slums are threatened with starvation because of reduced earnings
resulting from the loss of employment after the elections violence.
Matters have been made a lot worse by rising food prices. In the slums, 37percent
– or nearly four in every 10- of the households reported having only one meal a day. And
adults are required to be of good behaviour by restricting the food portion they consume.
People are running into debt, moving elsewhere or selling whatever belongings they have to
survive according to the survey.
Ironically, this population is receiving the least help from the government, aid
workers and good Samaritans who are lining up to give donations, everywhere. “The
unfortunate reality is that intervening organizations tend to respond to emergencies fairly
quickly and have less enthusiasm for funding and implementing non-food interventions that
are, at the minimum, mitigative in nature,” says the report. It is jointly published by the
government, the World Food Programme, the United States Agency for International
Development and the Famine Early Warning Systems Network.
As the global economic crisis bites and its effect are felt at home, it is unlikely
that the rains – in whatever quantity – will alleviate the suffering of the urban hungry. The
army of the manual workers, domestic and office support staff, security guards and idlers is
hungry.
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 If they are not fed – and urgently, too – Kenyan’s urban middle class can expect a
spike in larceny and other petty crimes, all to their detriment. Not to forget the public face
of the famine, those affected by the extended drought season are only 2.5million – and they have
among their number some 850,000 school-age children.
Another 1.9 million people are faced with starvation because they are affected by
HIV and Aids – either directly or have lost a breadwinner to the condition. A shocking
admission in the report is that there are 150,000 people displaced after the elections who
are in transit camps close to their homes but cannot return or farm. This number receives
food rations from the UN World Food Programme’s Emergency Operation.
Officially, the government claims that it has moved 255,000 people out of camps
for the displaced. With 150,000 people displaced after the election depending on donor dole, the
resettlement effort has only benefited 105,000 people.
This number constitutes 16 percent of the revised total of 663,000 displaced people
which is the official figure from the Ministry of Special Programmes.
Obviously, truth is something that makes the coalition Government extremely
uncomfortable that it spends most of the time sugarcoating it.

(a) Where are most starving Kenyan’s assumed to be? (2mks)

(b) What steps are victims of hunger taking for their survival? (3mks)

(c) What are the likely consequences of hunger on Kenyan’s urban middle class? (2mks)

(d) Rewrite the following sentence beginning:

(Rising----------------- ) “Matters have been made a lot worse by rising food prices
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(e) What according to the passage is wrong with the approach taken by the group assisting the
hungry? (2mks)

(f) Make notes on the reasons for Kenyan’s hunger (4mks)

(g) Why is the rain unlikely to alleviate the suffering of the urban hungry? (2mks)

(h) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage (4mks)
(i) Alleviate......................................................
(ii) Larceny................................................
(iii) Donor dole..................................
(iv) Sugarcoating.......
2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Nicole: Your Worship, it is very clear from our talk that members of the Municipal Executive
Council have failed you.
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Mossi: Of course! They have failed me big time!

Nicole: And don't you think The Samaritan is a blessing for you? I mean as a platform through
which the people can demand the corrupt leaders' removal from once and prosecution?

Mossi: (Turning suddenly to face Nicole, like one suddenly jolted back to reality) Should I take
that to mean this thing is a political weapon? (Pointing at Nicole, with a tremor in his voice) Are
you by any chance being used to destroy my political career?

Nicole: I do not play politics, Sir.

Mossi: (Pacing about in anger) And what did you say? It is now very clear to me that you are
playing politics. In fact, I now realise the real culprit behind all the problems in our society is the
teaching profession!

Nicole: Teaching profession? How?

Mossi: (Pointing ta Nicole) You cannot teach the right things. All the people creating the mess in
our society are products of the school system. They all pass through the teachers’ hands!

Nicole: Your Worship, we are trying our best to mould the character of our learners here at
Sagrada Secondary School. We teach them to uphold the moral and civic virtues without which
our society can never prosper, be fair, just, and peaceful. We teach them the virtues of honesty,
truthfulness, generosity, integrity and transparency, (She pauses, then resumes) It is the lack of
virtue that is ruining our society.

Mossi: How can you tell children that in future the police can be replaced with a software or
was it an intelligent robot? Is that teaching virtue/ what attitude do you want them to have
towards police officers? Do you think they can ever obey the police?

Nicole: We are seeking to develop virtuous creative thinkers and innovators. And we may not
only replace police officers with intelligent robots but also develop software that will eventually
replace the politician.

Mossi: (Menacingly) I now know why you insist on an innovation that cannot solve any
problem. It is all political! And you want us to believe that those young kids are capable of
developing something like The Samaritan App.

Nicole: Yes, they are, they were introduced to coding at a very tender age.

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Questions

a)What happens just before this excerpt? (3 marks)

b)Do you think lack of virtue ruins the society? Explain your answer. (3 marks)

c)Describe the character of Nicole and Mayor Mossi in this excerpt. (4 marks)

d)You cannot teach the right thing. Rewrite adding a question tag, (1 mark)

e)Identify and illustrate one style used in the excerpt, (1 mark)

f)Explain two themes addressed in this excerpt. (4 marks)

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g)Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

i.Onslaught

ii.Play politics

iii.Virtuous

iv.Coding

h)Describe Nicole's attitude towards politicians. (3 marks)

i)What happens immediately after this excerpt? (2 marks)

3.Read the poem bellow and then answer the questions that follow. 20 MARKS
My grandmother
She kept an antique shop – or it kept her.
Among Apostle spoons and Bristol glasses,
The faded silks, the heavy furniture,
She watched her own reflection in the brass
Salvers and silver bowls, as if to prove
Polish was all, there was no need for love.
And I remember how I once refused
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To go out with her, since I was afraid.It was perhaps a wish not to be used
Like antique objects.
Though she never said
That she was hurt, I still could feel the guiltOf that refusal, guessing how she felt.
Later, too frail to keep a shop, she put
All her best things in one long, narrow room.
The place smelt old, of things too long kept shut,
The smell of absences where shadows come
That can’t be polished. There was nothing then
To give her own reflection back again.
And when she died I felt no grief at all,
Only the guilt of what I once refused.
I walked into her room among the tallSideboards and cupboards – things she never
usedBut needed: and no finger-marks were there,
Only the new dust falling through the air.

(By Elizabeth Jennings )

Identify the persona in the above poem. (2 marks)

In note form, summarize what each stanza is talking about. (4 marks)

Identify and briefly explain the use of any two images in the poem.(4 marks)

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What does the persona feel towards the grandmother? (2 marks)

What do the following lines mean in the poem? (2 marks)

“too frail to keep a shop”-

Only the new dust falling through the air”-

Describe the tone the persona uses in the second stanza (2 marks)

Explain the paradox in the line: things she never used but needed: (2 marks)

Explain the persona’s sense of guilt. (2 marks)

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4. GRAMMAR
a) Rewrite the following according to the given instructions without changing the meaning
i) It was the first time the school performed well (Begin: Never before )

ii) It is better to spend a holiday at the coast than to go overseas,

(Begin: Spending . Use ‘preferable’ in place of better)

iii) Mulwa’s leg is still in a cast after last month’s match. He will have to watch the match from
the grandstand (combine into one sentence, using a relative pronoun)

iv) ‘There’s a little food left for you in the kitchen.’ William’s mother told him.
(Rewrite in indirect speech)

b) Rewrite the following sentences correctly:

i) Jairo is more better educated than Saisi.
ii) He has the tendency of visiting people late hours.

ii) When she came in, it was all calm but all over a sudden the house became noisy.

c) Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs formed from the words in brackets
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 i) The latest achievement deserves a celebration (call).

ii) The patient regained consciousness at 2pm (come).

iii) I will work hard to compensate the wasted time (make).

d) Explain the difference in meaning of the following pair of sentences

i) I only heard the news briefly

ii) I only heard the news in brief

e) Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition

i) The teacher congratulated him his graduation.
ii) No other being can be compared . God.
iii) They disagreed .. . who should be chosen the prefect.

TRIAL 12
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:

MATURITY
One of the most tragic facts of human existence is that while, physical maturity for
normal people develops naturally with the passage of time, mental maturity does not occur/come

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so easily. A large number of people who have the physique and age of adults, and are thus in
possession of adult status and privileges, are not mentally mature. This is rather unfortunate, for,
as Harry A. Overstreet in The Mature Mind observes, ‘The most dangerous members of our
society are those grown- ups whose powers of influence are adult but whose motives and
responses are infantile.” Adults who are incapable of carrying out their duties and obligations
with a proper sense of responsibility cannot only give themselves unnecessary troubles, but also
cause much harm to those over whom they have influence.
It is no doubt true that the mental growth of a person depends to some extent on the way his
parents guided him when he was a child and on the environmental conditions he grew up in.
However, mental development, unlike physical growth, need not stop with the end of puberty. A
man is what he makes himself. He can, at any stage of his life, always develop himself further if
he consciously makes the effort to do so. As Gautama Buddha put it, “The mind is everything;
what you think, you become”.
If a man wants to reach an unknown destination, it is always best for him to study any
appropriate map of the region. Similarly, for a man to develop his mental and intellectual
powers, he should at the outset findout as he can what real maturity consists of. As Aristetle put
it: “Those who wish to succeed must ask the right preliminary questions.”
Careful thinking and observation will enable one to see that a mature man is one with a keen
sense of responsibility and a conscious awareness of what is proper. Thus he manages his affairs
in accordance with explicit and reasonable criteria, the foundation of which he has examined
critically and analytically. He upholds his convictions firmly because he is clear about why he
upholds them.
Yet he is conscious of the value of postponed judgment in certain weighty matters. Aware as he
is of the complexity of certain affairs, he knows that the different ways of dealing with them
entail different consequences which may be of varying degrees of acceptability. He is aware that
in such matters, different reasonable men will inevitably come up with different opinions. So
while he respects the judgments of other people, and is co-operative, he makes his own study of
the problems in proper perspective by looking at them objectively from all angles.
However the way a person makes an assessment depends a great deal on one ’s knowledge. Thus,
the mature person will never develop the unhealthy conception that what he already knows is all
that need be known. In dealing with any problem he first finds out all he can, so that he will be as
fair and as correct as possible. He makes the maximum use of opportunities to achieve the best
for himself and everyone else.

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In this general attitude, a mature man is always sympathetic but never sentimental. Like
a scientist in the conduct of his professional duties, he sees the difference between objectives
reality and what he and others desire, or hope to be the case. He knows his weaknesses but he
has a well – considered scales of values. Thus while he accepts himself as he is, and others as
they are, he persistently tries to mould his character in the way he desires. He never tires of
improving himself. It is this trait above all else which gains him the respect of other mature
people, and what is more important, his own self-respect.

a)From the information given in the first paragraph, what is the most tragic fact?

b)In not less than 20 words, summarize the factors that determine mental growth.

c)What is the author’s definition of a mature man?

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d)Give the meaning of the following phrasal verbs as they are used in the passage.
a) carrying out

b) Find out

e)Add the appropriate tag to the following statement.

He never tires of improving himself.

f)Replace the word however” in paragraph 6 with another suitable word or phrase.
“However, the way a person makes an assessment depends a great deal on one’s
knowledge".

g) Identify and give illustrations of any two features of style used in the passage. (2 mks)

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)
Seymour: Like who?
Ted: They are quite a number. Hon. Ferreira, or Mr. Key, ag they call him, is the best example.
This man has never seen a fence on which he can't sit, I-le can hardly ever commit to any side.
We chatted at length, and he kept talking in circles, citing proverbs and idioms here and there.

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Ramdaye: I wonder why they called him Mr. Key. I hear he can never make up his mind which
door to open or in fact, whether to open any door at all!
Seymour: So, what did he say?
Ted: He said that what will be, will be because something certainly will be.
Ramdaye: Is that a proverb?
Ted: I have since been wondering whether it is, but he also said you don't cross the bridge until
you get to it.
Seymour: Which bridge now?
Ted: I am not sure which bridge he meant, but I guess he must have been talking about the
cases, in case we are sued.
Ramdaye: What an upstart he is! I hear he even has difficulties deciding what and how much to
eat!
Seymour: You talked of different categories. What are the other
Ted: The other category comprises the majority. I would best describe them as the headless
type.
Ramdaye: Headless?
Ted: Yes, they have brains, alright', but they don't use them.
Seymour: How on earth?
Ramdaye: You mean they're like a headless chicken?
Ted: Exactly! They are headless chicken. They follow 'the, leader of their ethnic group who
thinks for them.
And they wait for that leader to make decisions for them in all matters, including the decision
to go to pee. Most members of the People's, Party of Mr. Basdeo belong here, and so do the
members of Mossi's Liberal Party.
Seymour: I thank God I don't belong to any ethnic group,
Ted: Then, there is what I can best describe as the entrepreneurs, very keen on making money.
They vote with the stomach, so to speak, that means they will vote the side that gives more
money.
Seymour: Are you saying they demanded money to support the no confidence motion?
Ted: Yes, that was my understanding. I indicated funds would be available. They promised to
deal as soon as money changes hands.

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Questions
a)Place this excerpt in its immediate context (4 marks)

b)Describe character of Hon, Perreira and Hon, Ted in this excerpt (4 marks)

c)ldentify and illustrate two stylistic devices used in this excerpt. (4 marks)

d)What cases is Hon. Ted referring to in this excerpt? (4 marks)

e)Then, there’s what I can best describe as the entrepreneurs, very keen on making money.
‘Rewrite using a relative clause, (1 mark)

f)Identify two themes addressed in this excerpt.

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g)Explain why the leaders in this excerpt are planning a vote of no confidence. (2 marks)

h)Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the excerpt. (2 marks)
i.Upstart
ii.Vote with the stomach

3.Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow. (20marks)
Adieu
It’s two months today
And the absence looks eternity
But the memories and experiences-still very fresh
Thought we’d have many more years
And so much more time togetherI was wrong
But the last day laughers, dances, sharing…
Then the silence
The many tubes
The complex machines
The silent prayers and tears
And then the ambulance
At one in the nightMiles away from home
These…these shall be my keepsakes
You were my son
My friend
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My love Still you are and I wanted you to know that
Until that day we meet again, nind gi kue Thura
For I can’t forget about you yet
And I will notJust not now!

What type of an oral poem is this? Explain your answer. (2mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
Identify three stylistic devices employed in the above genre. (6marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
Explain the relevance of the title ‘Adieu’. (1marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
Identify the persona in the above genre. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
Explain the mood of the oral poem above. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
Explain two functions of this specific genre. (1marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
Explain any character trait of the persona (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
Explain one social aspect of the society from which the genre is drawn. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
Give the meaning of the following expressions: (2marks)
These…these shall be my
keepsakes…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
The silent prayers and
tears………………………………………………………………………………………………
……..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
guidance done
quietly……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…

4. GRAMMAR
a) Rewrite the following according to the given instructions without changing the meaning
i) It was the first time the school performed well (Begin: Never before)
ii) It is better to spend a holiday at the coast than to go overseas,
(Begin: Spending . Use preferable in place of better)

iii) Mulwas leg is still in a cast after last months match. He will have to watch the
match from the grandstand (combine into one sentence, using a relative pronoun)
iv) Theres a little food left for you in the kitchen. Williams mother told him.
(Rewrite in indirect speech)
b) Rewrite the following sentences correctly:
i) Jairo is more better educated than Saisi.
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 ii) He has the tendency of visiting people late hours.

iii) When she came in, it was all calm but all over a sudden the house became
noisy.
c) Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs formed from the words in brackets
i) The latest achievement deserves a celebration (call).

ii) The patient regained consciousness at 2pm (come).

iii) I will work hard to compensate the wasted time (make).

d) Explain the difference in meaning of the following pair of sentences

i) I only heard the news briefly

ii) I only heard the news in brief

e) Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition

i) The teacher congratulated him his graduation.
ii) No other being can be compared . God.
iii) They disagreed... who should be chosen the prefect.
TRIAL 13
1.Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:-

HOW TO GROW OLD

In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old. My first
advice would be to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both of my parents died young, I
have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is
true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three
grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who
did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head
cut of. A great- grandmother of mine lived to the age of ninety-two and to her last days

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remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, who had ten children, one
of whom died in infancy, and many miscarriages, devoted herself to ten women ’s, higher
education as soon as she became a widow. She worked hard at opening the medical profession
to women. She used to tell of how she met in Italy, an elderly gentleman who was looking
very sad. She asked him why he was melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two
grandchildren. “Good gracious!” she exclaimed. I have seventy-two grandchildren and were sad
each time I parted from one of them, I should have a miserable existence!’ Speaking as one
of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty, she found she had some difficulty
in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 5.a.m reading
popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old.
This, I think, is the proper recipe of remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests
and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the
merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable
shortness of your future.
Psychologically, there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of
these is too great an absorption in the past. One should not live in memories, in regrets for
the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to
the future and to the things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy;
one’s own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one ’s
emotions used to be more vivid than they are and one’s mind more keen. If this is true, it
should be forgotten and if it is forgotten, it will probably not be true.
The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of finding strength
in its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you
continue to be as interested in them, as you were when they were young, you are likely to
become a burden to them, unless they are unusually insensible. I do not mean that one should
be without interest in them, but one’s interest should be contemplative and, if possible,
philanthropic, but not too emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as
they can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this
less easy.
I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal
interest leading to suitable activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really
fruitful, and that the wisdom born of experience can be used without becoming a burden. It is
no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes both because they will not believe
you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who
are incapable of impersonal interest, you may find that your life will be empty unless you
concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that
while can still help them in material ways, such as by making them an allowance or knitting
them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.
Some of the old people are troubled by the fear of death. In the young there is a
justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed
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in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best
things that life has to offer. Nevertheless, in old man who has known human joys and
sorrows, and has done whatever work he could do, the fear of death is somewhat
ignorable. The best way to overcome it- so at least it seems to me-is to make your interests
gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your
life becomes increasingly part of the universal life. An individual human existence should
be like a river-small at first and narrowly contained within its banks, then rushing
passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks
recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they
become part of the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man, who, in old
age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death since the things he
cares for will continue. Moreover, if, with the loss of vitality, weariness increases, the thought
of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others
will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has
been done.
Adapted from How to Grow Old by Betrand Russel T.V. Sachs:. Now Read On,
Longman, Green & Co. Ltd., 1969, 66-68

(a) The writer prefers his grandmother’s recipe. Explain the recipe (2mks)

(b) State in note form why there are conflicts in overcoming the psychological dangers
to be guarded against in old age. (5mks)

(c) What role does impersonal interest play in the life of an aging individual?
(2mks)

(d) Comment on the simile used to describe an individual’s life (2mks)

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(e) Rewrite the following sentence in your own words:
“A great-grandmother of mine, lived to the age of ninety-two and to her last days remained a
terror to all her descendants.” (2mks)

(f) Why is the young person’s fear of death justifiable? (2mks)

(g) Change the following sentence into the past:

“It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and that the wisdom born of
experience can be used without becoming a burden.” (1mk)

(h) Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage (4mks)
Vitality
Melancholy
Rushing passionately
Clinging to youth

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Ted: Then finally there is the independent-minded category. This is the type that listens to and
serves the people.

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Seymour: I get you. (With contempt) I believe Hon. Yongrui, or Mr. Developer, as he is popularly
known, is the best example of these.

Ramdaye: I hear he's a highly disciplined man. His ancestry is mixed and it's hard to tell if he is
IndoJapanese or Indo-Chinese. He was previously a head teacher. He exerts the same school
discipline in running his ward.

Seymour: What did he say when you talked to him?

Ramdaye: Sshs, shss, I hear he is terminally ill, so we don't have to worry about him. Some say
he ate uninspected meat.

Ted: Yes, so I never got to talk to him. Hope he gets well, he's a kindly soul, you know.

Seymour: His political star has been rising steadily with people thinking he is the right person
for the mayor’s seat. Who knows, maybe Mayor Mossi gave him rat poison or some insecticide!
The man can do anything to eliminate opposition against him.

Ramdaye: I expect the so-called Mr. Torch is also in that group of the independent- minded. I
understand he is a highly educated man. People say he has many ideas that don't seem to tie
up sometimes.

Ted: I got much the same impression because he spoke many wise things and did strange things
on phone

Ramdaye: For example?

Ted: (Pointing at Hon. Ramdaye) When he heard you are against Mossi, he gave a very long
short of derisive laughter

Ramdaye: Devil take his soul! He has never liked me.

Ted: I sensed as much.

Seymour: How did you sense that?

Ted: Well, we argued about who has better leadership qualities between Hon. Ramdaye and
Mayor Mossi.'

Ramdaye: What was his choice?

Ted: He said there is always a winner even in a beauty contest of monkeys!

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Questions

a)Place this excerpt in its immediate context. (4 marks)

b)Describe the character of Mr. Torch and Hom Yongrui in' this excerpt. (4 marks)

c)Describe Mr Yongrui's attitude towards Hon. Ramdaye. (3 marks)

d)Explain the effectiveness of two metaphors used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

e)Identify and illustrate two themes addressed in this excerpt. (4 marks)

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f)He said there is always a winner even in a beauty contest of monkeys! Rewrite adding a
question tag. (1 mark)

g)Explain the meaning of the following expression as used in the excerpt: (4 marks)

i.Kindly soul

ii.Contempt

iii.Political star

iv.Tie up

3. Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.
(20 marks)

You embarrass me
Mwananchi
Why do you embarrass me with your questions
About the new Mercedes I bought
The large farm I own
The houses, the wives,
An inflated stomach!

Mwananchi

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Why do you threaten me with your threats
The threats in your bloodshot eyes
Fixedly pointed at me wherever I go
Like if you are ready
To release the arrow that will deflate me
Into nothingness;
Even the watchmen, the dogs, the police
Are all not enough to protect me
From your increasing shouts to protest
Against my good judgement;

Mwananchi
Have you forgotten how you loved me
And gave me your vote
That I may be your man in parliament?

Now that I have the power

I will mend your confused senses
And keep you in prison
Until you see me as your leader again
And keep those bloodshot eyes away from me

I will charge like an angry lion

And scare you out of your wits
Until like a frightened dog,
You keep your head forever
Everett M. Standa

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Identify the persona in the poem. (2 marks)

What is the message of the poem? (4 marks)

Identify and comment on any two aspects of style in the poem. (6 marks)

Describe the tone of the poem. (2 marks)

Identify and illIustrate two character traits of Mwananchi. (4 marks)

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Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the poem. (2 marks)

4. GRAMMAR
(a) Complete each of the following sentences by selecting the correct alternative from
the words in the brackets (5mks)
(i) Our school will move to a new_____________________next year. (cite, site)
(ii) Have you ____________ permission from the teacher? (sought, sort)
(iii) The ___________________store in the city is well-stocked. (stationary, stationery)
(iv) Mary is the _______________ of the two sisters. (tallest, taller)
(v) Neither the teacher nor the cook __________________arrived. (have, has)

(b) Rewrite each of the following sentences as instructed. Do not change the meaning
(5mks)
(i) The residents saw the burglar enter the house (Rewrite in the passive voice)
(ii) He drank the water yesterday. (Rewrite beginning: The water was..........)
(iii) As soon as the teams arrived, the competition began. (Rewrite beginning: No sooner...........
(iv) Boys are playful and quick on their feet. They are also curious and like to explore.
(Combine using .................not only......................)
(v) The tourist knows some Kiswahili. He understands what I say. (Rewrite as one

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 sentence using.......enough.....)

(c) Fill in the blank spaces with an appropriate prepositional phrase made with the
word in brackets
(3mks)
(i) They crossed the river __________________a boat. (means)
(ii) _________________the school rules and regulations every student should be in full
school uniform. (Accordance)
(iii) ___________the prefects negligence, he was demoted. (account)
(d) Explain the difference in meaning between these sentences (2mks)
(i) The hawker was selling ten day-old chicks.
(ii) The hawker was selling ten-day old chicks.

TRIAL 14
1.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: (20marks)
Ferret is a small mammal belonging to the Weasei family. Ferrets have long, slim bodies and
short legs. There are two types of ferrets, Mustela faro, and the black-footed ferret, Mustela
nigripes. Baby ferrets are called kits.
If frightened, these animals can discharge a strong smelling fluid from their scent glands under
their tails.
The domestic ferret is often kept as a pet. It was originally bred in ancient times to hunt rats
and rabbits, but today it is rarely used. It is a descendant of the European pole cat, which was
once found through out Europe. They vary in colour from nearly white to nearly black.
However, most of them have creamy-coloured fur with dark hair tips, feet and tail and a
‘mask’ of dark fur around the eyes. Although many owners have the scent glands of their pet
terrets removed, the animals still have a musky odour from other skin glands.
The black-footed ferret is native to Western North America. It resembles the domestic ferret,
but is slightly darker. Their fur is dull yellow that is slightly darker on the backside. Their
feet, tail tips are black, and have black fur around the eyes. The black – footed ferret is
usually found on short grass in close association with prairie dogs, which constitute most
of its diet. In addition to feeding on prairie dogs, the ferret spends most of its time underground
in Prairie dog burrows, typically spending only a few minutes above the ground each day.

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In burrows, it sleeps, catches its food, avoids predators and harsh weather, and gives birth
to its young. It is secretive and primarily nocturnal. The ferret ’s long slender body allows
it to slip down burrows to find its prey while they sleep. This reduces the ferret ’s risk of injury
when attacking prey the same size as itself.
The black-footed ferret originally occurred in the Great plains from Alberta and
Saskatchewan;’ Canada to Texasi Arizona, U.S.A. Classified as endangered, scientists
once thought black-footed ferrets were extinct, until 1981, when a population of more than 125
black- footed ferrets were discovered in Wyoming.
Sadly, over the next several years, many of them died of distemper and this prompted the
scientists who were now getting concerned that the whole population would die from the
disease, thus the remaining animals were captured. Since hen, scientists have been breeding the
ferrets in captivity.
Adapted from The Black-Footed Ferret by Mworia Muchina, Daily
Nation, September, 13th, 2007)

(a) How does the ferret find its find its prey? (2mks)

(b) Why does the ferret like burrows? (4mks)

(c) In about 70 words, give the contrasting features of the domestic and the black-footed ferret?

(d) What was the cause of the black-footed ferrets almost becoming extinct? (3mks)

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(e) Rewrite the following sentence in the passive voice:-
(i) If frightened, these animals can discharge a strong smelling fluid from their scent
glands under their tails. (2mks)

(f) Why do black-footed ferrets prefer staying in short grass and underground? (2mks)

(g) Give the meaning of the following words as used in the passage: (3mks)
(i) Discharge.................
(ii) Odour.............
(iii) Nocturnal...................

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Ramdaye: …As I told you, it was him who approached me with the idea of impeaching Mayor
Mossi. At that time, he didn't know we had already made that decision. He had promised to be
here by this time. He should be coming in anytime.

Seymour: So, how does he want us to work together?

Ramdaye: It will be a coalition of Indos and all Chamber members of mixed ethnicities. He will
mobilize Councilors and Aldermen allied to him to vote for you (Pointing at Seymour) as Mayor.
As a member of the so-called Dougla, our hope is that Chamber Members of Indo and Afro
descent will readily accept you as a compromise candidate.

Seymour: Did he spell out any conditions for the alliance?

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Ramdaye: Yes, that once you become Mayor, you will immediately appoint him, Deputy Mayor.

Ted: (Walking towards' the door) Come on guys. That's a breakthrough! Let's go to the bar for a
beer to celebrate. 'I have a terrible hangover to cure. I need a cold Carib or two. (The knob of
the door clicks. The door opens, and the political opposition chief, Hon. Basdeo enters. As
usual, she is smartly dressed in a Sherwani suit. The quartet shakes hands.)

Ramdaye: (Addressing Jlon. Basdeo) We were waiting for you. I have briefed them about our
discussions. We are in agreement about working together. Your appointment as Deputy Mayor
is guaranteed. The next step, now that you ate here, is to agree on the grounds for the vote of
no confidence.

Basdeo: I think that doesn't matter at this stage,

Tcd: Really?

Basdeo: or course! What we need at this point is to alienate Mayot Mossi from the people. You
see, if people have sympathy for him, we will not succeed. So the next step is to set people
against him

Seymour: That makes good sense.

Ted: how do you propose to do this?

Basdeo: We will get a few speakers, the most articulate, to incite the people.

Ramdaye: The need for equitable development in Maracas. Mayor Mossi is not development
minded. We will talk about building roads. He has not built even a spoor. In fact...

Basdeo: (Interrupting Ramdaye) Gentlemen, development issues will neither incite nor excite
the people. You need to excite people's emotions if you are to incite them. Tell them things
that will annoy them, or issues that will make them afraid and they will follow you, obediently
like little puppies. Give them an enemy to hate and blame for their problems and they will be
on your side.

Questions

a)Place this excerpt in its immediate context. (6 marks)

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b)Describe two-character traits of Hon. Basdeo in this excerpt. (4 marks)

c)Explain two themes addressed in this excerpt. (4 marks)

d)What is ironical about Hon, Ramdaye's comment that Mayor is not development oriented? (3
marks)

e)Gentlemen, development issues will neither incite nor excite the people. Rewrite in the
affirmative. (1 mark)

f)Apart from irony, identify and illustrate any other style used in this excerpt. (2 marks)

g)Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt. (5 marks)
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i.Impeaching

ii.Compromise candidate

iii.Quartet

iv.Set the people against him

v.Spoor

3. Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.
I WENT TO CHURCH.
I went to church today.
Yes I went and prayed for all
Friends and foes a like.
Dead and those alive.

I also prayed hard.

For the soul of that soldier.
Who got short.
Fighting for our motherland
While I shot hot life into his wife.
And I prayed to God too
That I live long
To go and pray again

Questions.
a)What is the poem about? (4
marks)

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b) Identify and illustrate any two character traits of the speaker. (4
marks)

c) Identify and illustrate three poetic devices used in the poem. (6 marks)

d) What is the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem. (2 marks)
i) While I shot hot life into his wife.
ii) That I live long to go and pray again.

e) i) What is the tone of the poem (2 marks)

ii) Explain the overriding mood of the poem. (2 marks)

4. GRAMMAR

15. (a) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given. Do not
change the meaning.
(3mks)
(i) The teacher found out how intelligent Omollo was when he started the discussion

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 (Begin: It was not
(ii) The prefect forgave Achimo, but only because she apologized
(Begin: If
(iii) “Congratulations! All the best in all you do!” the principal told the graduands.
(Rewrite in reported speech)

(b) Use the correct form of the verb given in brackets to fill in the blanks in the
following sentences
(4mks)
(i) The drama club patron wanted a written __________from the students
following their
misconduct during the festivals. (apologize)
(ii) Your explanation is based on too many ___________. (presume)
(iii) The government has lost all ____ following the increasing cases of corruption
in high
places. (credible)
(iv) Expectant mothers should not do ______________work. (strain)

(c) Rewrite each of the following sentences, replacing the underlined word with a
suitable
phrasal verb
(3mks)
(i) The suspect confessed after a long interrogation.
(ii) Nyambura rejected Waiyaki’s proposal for marriage
(iii) Our principal does not tolerate indiscipline

(d) Put the adjectives given in brackets in the correct order to fill in the blank space
in
each sentence (2mks)
(i) He bought a _______________dress for his mother (large, cotton, blue, party)

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 (ii) The ____________________man is the King’s heir (Light-skinned, handsome,
young, short)

(e) Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition

(3mks)
(i) Every member is entitled ________one acre of land.
(ii) John is very excited __________going to India.
(iii) He has been down ______________malaria for the last three days.

TRIAL 15
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:-
How far is personality determined, or at least modified, by physical attributes of a person?
Does the body determine the personality or does the personality in any way determine the
physical make-up of the person? We are all apt, for example, to excuse a number of
unpleasant qualities in a person on the grounds that he is the unhappy possessor of a gastric
ulcer. A weakness of the physique, with the discomfort and pain ensuring,, may distort the
personality is singularly prone to gastric ulcers. We can also note that the personality of a man
writes its signature on the lines of his face.
Probably there is an influence in both directions though there are few who would deny that
much of a man’s personality depends on the makeup of the body he inherits. It is difficult,
though not impossible, to have a dominating personality if one is a dwarf, and it is unlikely that a
woman masculinised by some physical abnormality could achieve a maternal character.
In the poultry yard something markedly akin to personality is seen. A hen, in the absence
of a cock, may take upon herself the dominance of the hen run, behaving in many ways
with the arrogance and aggressiveness of a cock. These marked masculine attributes can be
changed over to the meekest femininity on the reintroduction of the cock. A certain hen, after a
year of normal henny characteristics, had become dominating and cocky in her relations with the
rest of the hens, but in this instance, not only did the hen imitate the male in her protective
care of the other hens but she grew cock feathers, comb and spurs. On investigation it was
discovered that tuberculosis had destroyed her ovaries. Her psychology and her sex had
changed as the result of a clinical mishap, a clear instance of personality being based upon
physical make-up.
These instances of the influence of physical changes on the behaviour pattern of animals are
given because much of our knowledge of the influence of the endocrine glands (the so-called
glands of personality) has been obtained by experiments upon animals and only later
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confirmed by observations upon man, and second, because most biologists believe,
and increasingly are driven to believe, that the whole realm of living things shows a strange
unity of plan. Life, almost, is one and indivisible. This is not to say that there are not striking
differences between, for example, man and the fly which transmits infection to him. None
the less the pattern of the chemistry and physics of the living cell is fundamentally similar.
Therefore in animals it is as easy to see the effects of physical endowment on personality as it is
in human beings.
No one can doubt that physical endowment influences, perhaps even determines, personality. It
is difficult to have a dominating personality if one is intensely ugly or is a tiny individual (as
mentioned before), though it must be admitted, there are exceptions to this generalization.
The tall are often shy and retiring; the short bumptious and self assertive. The artist
personality often goes with a particular shape of hand, and so does the practical with
another.
But how is physical endowment inherited? We have all known families whose members were
more unlike each other, both in temperament and physique, than are unrelated people. An
extraordinary case is that of unidentical twins one of whom was tall, blue-eyed and red-
headed and other short, black- haired and brown-eyed. At first, and quite superficially, it
might appear that inheritance plays little part in producing physical endowment, and yet we
know that it does. It is known that hair colour, eye colour, albinism and a certain number of
abnormalities such as colour-blindness, are inherited according to definite laws. As regards these
inherited abnormalities we know that they must influence the personality. Imagine the
effect of being colour blind. The person so afflicted can see little in the spring or autumn
landscape to stir him; perhaps he cannot understand many of the passions of the poet and painter.
And when an artistic temperament is inherited along with colour-blindness the effect on the
personality must be almost tragic. Therefore if personality is grounded in physical make-up,
physical endowment becomes of prime mportance, and the more we learn of its inheritance the
better.

i) What effects may a gastric ulcer have on a person’s personality?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

ii) The body affects the personality. Justify this statement using four examples the writer
gives in relation to human beings.

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

iii) Why does the writer quote instances of physical changes affecting the behaviour pattern
of animals?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

iv) Does inheritance play any role in endowment? Illustrate your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

v) Why is it important to learn more about inheritance?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

vi) Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage :
-Writes its signature on the lines of his face
-Bumptious
-Masculinised
-Clinical mishap
-akin

2.Read the following extract from the play “The Samaritan” by John Lara and then answer the
questios after. (25 marks)

Basdeo: Of course, it isn't. Politics is not about thc truth gentlemen, am teaching you politics
now. We have to evoke the emotions of the people.

Ramdaye: So, how do I record that?

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Basdeo: Yes, call it marginalization of other communities

Ted: This is not politics!

Basdeo: That's not even enough yet. You all know very well that some parts of our Municipality
are allied to Mossi because of some projects he did there. We have to hive off part of this
support if we ate to isolate him.

Seymour: How do we do it?

Basdeo: The people in these areas are mostly of oriental descent. So we can create and widely
circulate the story that the people of these parts are descended from the same ancestor with
our people, the Indos.

(Scratching his head and looking up in deep thought) Just a story... eh. .. like. .. in the beginning,
there was an enormous egg, with a diameter of... like... five kilometres. When the egg broke
mysteriously, Shang Ramas, the great, emerged, very thirsty.

Ted: That's an exciting fairy tale that no one can buy!

Basdeo: (Interrupting Ted) Don't worry, eh, yes, so when Shang Ramas went to fetch water,
remember he was very handsome, he found two girls drawing water at the river. He married
them promptly and settled them each on one side of the river. The girl on the Eastern side
ofthe river became the mother of the Indo people. The other girl became the mother of all
other oriental peoples.

Seymour: You think people will believe that?

Basdeo: People are very gullible! Don't you know that?

Ramdaye: So, what do I call that?

Basdeo: It is called historical revisionism.'

Seymour: What is that?

Basdeo: Don't worry, but it could mean exposing historical lies that have been concocted by
Mayor Mossi to confuse the people about their heritage,

Ted: You are not exactly the man I thought you were!

Basdeo: We have to be very creative, my friends; power doesn't come by easily fact, we have to
further divide Mayor Mossi's ethnic group from other races by emphasizing their differences.
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(Looking up again in deep thought) We will say... eh...that.,. the people of Mossi 's community
have a peculiar smell.. , (Moving his nose up and down in distaste) resembling that of a beetle,
while other people don't smell. Unlike other people, they also tend to believe in obeah!

Ramdaye: So, what do I write?

Basdeo: Celebrating people's cultural identity,

Ramdaye: (Writing) Okay,

red: I think those points ate adequate We don't need to belabour these matters. We need to
get back to life

(Dancing while still scated) We should have some drinks, and remember today is Calypso night
at

Vibrations! I need to be in places!

Seymour: (Looking angrily at Ted) Grow up. Ted! This is not time for celebrations

Red: We live only once, don't we?

Seymour: (Ignoring Ted and turning to Basdco) Okay, so how shall we approach this?

Basdeo: We will convene a huge political rally. The points I have given out will be mnong the
core

messages we will convey to the people at the rally. I suggest that Hon. Ted apportions the
topics to Councillors and Aldermen who are on our side and who are good orators. Please alert
them in good time so they can prepare adequately. They have to make passionate emotional
appeals.

Ted: Very well, I will handle it.

Ramdaye: I think that is settled. So when do we hold the rally?

Ted: I suggest next week on Friday so that it coincides with the Carnival festivities. Several
single pan bands are scheduled to perform at the Atobold Stadium on Friday. We expect there
will be hundreds of people clad in colourful costumes and dancing to the exciting sounds of
steel pan, soca and calypso music!

Seymour: Oh, yes„l agree. The Carnival is not called the greatest party in the world for nothing!
There can never be a better setting for exciting crowds than the carnival! In fact, we can
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arrange with the artists to compose anti-Mossi slogans and have them performed in ballad style
rhythms.

Ramdaye: Unfortunately, we may need to hold the rally much earlier. I got information that
Mayor Mossi consulting his lawyers on the possibility of our arrest and prosecution.

QUESTIONS

a)What happens just before this excerpt? (6mks)

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b)Identify and illustrate two stylistic devices used in this excerpt. (4mks)

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c)Describe Hon. Basdeo's attitude towards people. (2mks)

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d)Describe the character of Hon. Basdeo and Hon. Ted in this excerpt. (4 marks)

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e)I got information that Mayor Mossi is consulting his lawyers on the possibility of our arrest
and prosecution. Rewrite using ...having. (2mks)

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f)Identify and illustrate two themes in this excerpt. (4mks)

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g)State the events that happen immediately after this excerpt. (3mks)
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h)Explain the mean or the following expressions as used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

i.Hive off

ii.Make passionate emotional appeals

iii.Carnival

iv.Prosecution

3. Read the poem and answer the questions that follow;

THE BREWING NIGHT
It was that memorable night when I heard it Yes,
I heard it all
That night sleep deserted me,
Mocked at me and tantalized me,
So I lay awake, sharp in all my senses.
It was long past midnight:
Time dragged on, the clock chime;
The dog wouldn’t bark, nor the baby cry;
It was a moonless and windless night;
The whole universe seemed to stagnate In dark, dreary, dead slumber.
What was amiss? I knew not.
The dead quietness and solitude
Seemed to be eternal, butWaves of babbling and muttering
Began to trickle through the streets;

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A distant roaring of heavy trucks filled the air,
Hurried footsteps eroded through the street.
What was a miss?
I knew not.I pulled my curtainAnd there I saw it all
Heavy boots thick uniforms and solid helmets
Dimly discernible under the pale street lamp
The atmosphere stood stiff and solid with
Brawny- faced and clenched –teeth determination
The night had pulsed with passion high and wild;
The streets were stained with new portraits framed;
The wheel changed hands and new plans were filed.
The morning saw the country strangely dresses
And everyone attended the rally.
To hear the eloquence from a strange face,And everyone quietly nodded and said, ‘yes’
(By Yusuf O. Kassam, in Poems from East Africa.)
Questions
Explain what the poem is about. (3 mks)
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In what ways was the night described in the poem peculiar? (2 mks)
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What was a miss? I knew not. (Rewrite as one sentence beginning, I did……………)
(2 mks)
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Paraphrase in one sentence what the persona saw when he or she pulled the curtain to
see. (1 mk)
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What is the significance of stanza two? (3 mks)

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Identify and explain any one personification in the poem. (2 mks)

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Explain in your own words what happens in the last stanza. (5 mks)

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Explain the meaning of the title. (2 mks)

4. a) Rewrite the following according to the given instructions without changing the
meaning
i) It was the first time the school performed well (Begin: Never before )

ii) It is better to spend a holiday at the coast than to go overseas,

(Begin: Spending . Use ‘preferable’ in place of better)

iii) Mulwa’s leg is still in a cast after last month’s match. He will have to watch the

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 match from the grandstand (combine into one sentence, using a relative
pronoun)

iv) ‘There’s a little food left for you in the kitchen.’ William’s mother told him.
(Rewrite in indirect speech)

b) Rewrite the following sentences correctly:

i) Jairo is more better educated than Saisi.
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ii) He has the tendency of visiting people late hours.

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iii) When she came in, it was all calm but all over a sudden the house became noisy.
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c) Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs formed from the words in brackets
i) The latest achievement deserves a celebration (call).

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 ii) The patient regained consciousness at 2pm (come).

iii) I will work hard to compensate the wasted time (make).

d) Explain the difference in meaning of the following pair of sentences

i) I only heard the news briefly

ii) I only heard the news in brief

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e) Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition

i) The teacher congratulated him his graduation.
ii) No other being can be compared . God.
iii) They disagreed .. . who should be chosen the prefect.

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*THE END*

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