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Student No 
Fold the top right hand corner of the
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UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

JUNE FINAL EXAMINATION 2021

CEM1008F – CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

Time: TWO HOURS

Full Marks: 80

1. Check that your exam paper is complete. This paper comprises two sections. Section A
consists of 13 multiple choice questions; these must be answered on the separate MCQ
answer sheet provided. Section B consists of 9 long questions; these must be answered
on this question paper in the space provided. Opposite blank pages may be used if
required.
2. The questions are not of equal value.
3. Answer ALL the questions.
4. There are 19 pages, which include a periodic table, a sheet with aqueous solubility rules
and an equation sheet.
5. An extra 10 minutes reading time is provided before the start of the examination. No
writing is allowed during this period.
SECTION A: Multiple Choice Questions; use the MCQ answer sheet.
SECTION B: Long Questions; write in the spaces provided on the question
paper.

To be completed by examiner for Section B:

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total

Internal

External
 SECTION A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

• Circle the correct response. Copy your responses onto the COMPUTER
ANSWER SHEET USING AN HB PENCIL. ONLY THE COMPUTER ANSWER
SHEET WILL BE GRADED! AS A GUIDELINE, SPEND APPROXIMATELY 30
MINUTES ON SECTION A.

• There is only ONE CORRECT RESPONSE to each question. You will be given a
ZERO score for a question if (there is NO NEGATIVE MARKING):
a) you give more than one response to a question,
b) you give an incorrect response,
c) you give no response
___________________________________________________________________

Question A1

Choose the name-formula pair that does not match.

A. sodium sulfate Na2SO4

B. hydrogen fluoride HF
C. aluminium bromide AlBr3
D. dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4
E. copper(II) oxide Cu2O
[2]

Question A2

The oxidation number of manganese in MnO4− is:

A. +1
B. –1
C. 0
D. +7
E. +5
[2]
Question A3

Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers n, l, ml is allowed for a 4f orbital?

A. 4 3 ½
B. 4 3 −3
C. 4 3 4
D. 4 4 0
E. 4 2 1
[2]
2
Question A4

Which one of the following options correctly ranks S, S2−, Cl, K+ and Ca2+ in order of
decreasing size?

A. S2− > S > Cl > K+ > Ca2+

B. K+ > Ca2+ > S2− > S > Cl
C. Ca2+ > K+ > S > Cl > S2−
D. S2− > Cl > S > Ca2+ > K+
E. Cl > S2− > S > K+ > Ca2+
[2]
Question A5

The concentration of NH4+ ions in a 550 mL solution that contains 32.6 g of ammonium
phosphate is closest to:

A. 0.40 mol dm-3

B. 1.57 mol dm-3
C. 1.19 mol dm-3
D. 3.29 mol dm-3
E. 2.41 mol dm-3
[3]
Question A6

Calculate the enthalpy ΔH for the following reaction,

C (graphite) + 2 S (s) → CS2 (l) ΔHrxn = ?

using the following reactions with their accompanying standard enthalpy changes:

(1) C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH1 = −393.5 kJ

(2) S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g) ΔH2 = −296.1 kJ

(3) CS2 (l) + 3 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 SO2 (g) ΔH3 = −1072 kJ

A. −1761.6 kJ

B. 86.3 kJ

C. 382.4 kJ

D. −974.6 kJ

E. −86.3 kJ
[4]
3
Question A7

When solid ammonium nitrate is placed in a flask of water at room temperature and
swirled, the solid dissolves and the flask gets noticeably colder. What conclusions can
you make about the signs of the changes in enthalpy of the system (ΔHsys) and entropy
of the surroundings (ΔSsurr)?

A. ΔHsys is positive and ΔSsurr is negative

B. ΔHsys is positive and ΔSsurr is positive

C. ΔHsys is positive and ΔSsurr is zero

D. ΔHsys is negative and ΔSsurr is positive

E. ΔHsys is negative and ΔSsurr is negative

[2]
Question A8

A 7.822 g sample of propane was burned in a bomb calorimeter that contained

2.500 dm3 of water. The temperature of the water increased from 23.45 °C to 31.12 °C.
The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 66.1 kJ °C–1, whilst the specific heat capacity of
water is 4.184 J C–1 g–1. The density of the water is 1.000 g cm–3. Therefore, the heat
of combustion per gram of propane is closest to:

A. –2.51 x 102 J g–1

B. –1.03 x 104 J g–1

C. –6.48 x 104 J g–1

D. –5.87 x 105 J g–1

E. –7.51 x 104 J g–1

[3]
Question A9

What mass of an aqueous 33.7% sodium chloride solution contains 88.1 g of water?

A. 133 g
B. 44.7 g
C. 11.9 g
D. 29.6 g
E. 88.1 g
[2]

4
Question A10

A solute added to a solvent raises the boiling point of the solution because:

A. The temperature to cause boiling must be great enough to boil not only the
solvent but also the solute.
B. The solute particles raise the solvent's vapor pressure, thus requiring a higher
temperature to cause boiling.
C. The solute increases the volume of the solution, and an increase in volume
requires an increase in the temperature to reach the boiling point (derived from
PV = nRT).
D. The solute particles lower the solvent's vapor pressure, thus requiring a higher
temperature to cause boiling.
E. Two of these explanations are correct.
[2]
Question A11

Which of the following is/are true concerning a chemical reaction at equilibrium?

1. The system will be a mixture of reactant and products.

2. The rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
3. The amount of each reactant and product is constant.

A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 only
D. 1 and 2
E. 1, 2, and 3
[2]
Question A12

When the following redox equation is balanced with smallest whole number coefficients,
the coefficient for nitrogen dioxide will be ________.

I2 (s) + HNO3 (aq) → HIO3 (aq) + NO2 (g) + H2O (l)

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 10
E. None of these choices are correct.
[2]

5
Question A13

Consider the Ka values for the following acids:

Cyanic acid, HOCN, 3.5 × 10–4

Formic acid, HCHO2, 1.7 × 10–4
Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, 1.3 × 10–4
Propionic acid, HC3H5O2, 1.3 × 10–5
Benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, 6.3 × 10–5

Which has the strongest conjugate base?

A. Propionic acid
B. Benzoic acid
C. Lactic acid
D. Formic acid
E. Cyanic acid
[2]

TOTAL [30]
END OF SECTION A

6
SECTION B

• There are 9 questions in this Section. TOTAL MARKS: 50

• Answers to Section B must be completed on this question paper in the space
provided. AS A GUIDELINE, SPEND APPROXIMATELY 90 MINUTES ON
SECTION B.
• For questions involving calculations, do not write only the final answer. Your
answer will only be marked if the method is clearly shown. Include units in
your final answer.
___________________________________________________________________
Question B1

Petroleum consists of many components. When a sample of one of the components

(consisting of C and H only) was subjected to combustion, the mass of the CO 2 trap
changed from 54.4375 g to 54.8917 g, and the mass of the H 2O trap changed from
47.8845 g to 48.1078 g. Determine the mass of the sample before combustion and its
empirical formula.

[6]
7
Question B2

Write (i) a balanced molecular equation and (ii) a net ionic equation for each of the
following reactions (clearly indicate the phases of ALL reactants and products):

(a) Ag(NO3) (aq) + CuCl2 (aq) (2)

(i)

(ii)

(b) C6H8O7 (aq) + NaOH (aq) Note: C6H8O7 is a weak acid (2)

(i)

(ii)

[4]
8
Question B3

(a) The chemical equation for the production of titanium tetrachloride from titanium
dioxide is shown below:

3 TiO2 (s) + 4 C (s) + 6 Cl2 (g) 3 TiCl4 (g) + 2 CO2 (g) + 2 CO (g)

Given that 9.45 g of TiO2 is mixed with 5.67 g of C (assume Cl2 is in excess):

(i) Calculate which reagent is the limiting reactant. At the end of your calculation, you

must explicitly state which reactant is limiting. (3)

(ii) Calculate the mass of the excess reagent (not Cl2) after the reaction is completed.
(2)

9
(b) Silicon tetrachloride is used in the electronics industry to make elemental silicon for
computers. Silicon tetrachloride may be produced from the following reaction:

SiO2 (s) + 2 C (s) + 2 Cl2 (g) SiCl4 (l) + 2 CO (g)

If the above reaction proceeds with 88.7% yield, how much silicon tetrachloride can
be prepared from 50.0 g silicon dioxide. (3)

[8]
Question B4

Arrange the elements Sr, Ca and Rb in order of increasing first ionization energy. Explain
your answer. Note: Your explanation should go further than just listing the trends in
ionization energies.

[3]
10
Question B5

Burning coal produces carbon dioxide and pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and sulfur
trioxide which are responsible for acid rain. Use the thermodynamic quantities
(at 298 K) in the table below to answer question about the reaction,

2 S (s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g)

Substance ΔH°f (kJ mol-1) ΔG°f (kJ mol-1)

S (s) 0 0
O2 (g) 0 0
SO3 (g) -395.2 -370.4

(a) Calculate the standard entropy change, ΔS°, for the reaction above. Report your
answer in units of J K-1. (6)

11
(b) Explain whether the reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous at 298 K? (1)

(c) Explain whether it is enthalpy or entropy that is the driving force that determines the
answer in (b). (2)

[9]

12
Question B6

A solution is made of dissolving 12.00 g of an unknown, non–dissociating compound in

200.0 g of benzene. This solution freezes at 3.45 °C. Calculate the molar mass of the
compound, given that the freezing point of pure benzene is 5.53 °C, whilst the molal
freezing depression point constant, Kf, is 5.12 °C m–1. Assume that the density of the
solution before freezing was 0.876 kg dm–3.

[5]

13
Question B7

Consider the following reaction.

N2O4 (g) 2 NO2 (g)

The equilibrium constant, Kc, at 100 °C is 0.21.

(a) How would you change the volume of the system to increase the amount of NO2?
Explain your answer. (2)

(b) Will a mixture of 0.240 M N2O4 (g) and 0.650 M NO2 (g) be at equilibrium at 100 °C?
If not, in which direction will it move? Explain your answer. (2)

c) Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction:

NO2 (g) ½ N2O4 (g)
(2)

[6]

14
Question B8

Calculate the pH of 6.0 M aqueous solution of hydroxylamine (NH2OH). Kb = 1.8 x 10-5.

Show detailed calculations.

[6]

15
Question B9

A much-studied cell in electrochemistry has the following cell notation:

Ag (s)  AgCl (s)  HCl (aq)  H2 (g)  Pt (s)

Bearing in mind that HCl (aq) consists of H+ (aq) and Cl– (aq), and that this solution is in
contact with both electrodes (there is no salt bridge), write down balanced equations for

(a) the anode half-reaction. (1)

(b) the cathode half-reaction. (1)

(c) the balanced cell reaction. (1)

[3]

END OF SECTION B TOTAL [50]

END OF EXAM TOTAL [80]

16
 Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
H He
1.008 4.0026
2.1 KEY -
3 4 Atomic Number 29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Cu Symbol B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 Atomic Mass (amu) 63.55 10.81 12.011 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
1.0 1.5 1.9 Electronegativity 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 -
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Note: Atomic mass values are rounded off to Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 four or five significant figures 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 -
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97) 101.07 102.91 106.4 107.86 112.40 114.82 118.7 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 -
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.2 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 204.37 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 -
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (280) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)
0.7 0.9 1.1 -

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
LANTHANOIDS * Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
1.1 1.2
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
ACTINOIDS **
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (251) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257)
1.3 1.5 1.7
 Solubility Rules and Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions

Soluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions

NO3–, CH3COO–, ClO3–, ClO4– KClO4
Cl–, Br–, I– Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Cu+
F– Pb2+, Group 2A
SO42– Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Group 2A (Ca2+,
Ba2+)
Insoluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions
OH– Group 1A, Group 2A (Ca2+ and
larger members)
CO32–, PO43– NH4+, Group 1A
S2– NH4+, Group 1A, Group 2A

1. Salts of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A are soluble

2. Nitrates (NO3–) and acetates (CH3COO–) are soluble, as are the most common
chlorates (ClO3–) and perchlorates (ClO4–)
3. All chlorides are soluble, except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2 and CuCl
4. All bromides are soluble, except AgBr, Hg2Br2 and PbBr2
5. All iodides are soluble, except AgI, Hg2I2 and PbI2
6. All fluoride are soluble, except PbF2 and those of Group 2A
7. All sulfates (SO42–) are soluble, except CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4 Ag2SO4, Hg2SO4 and PbSO4
8. Phosphates (PO43–) and carbonates (CO32–) are insoluble, except those of ammonium
(NH4+) and the Group 1A alkali metals
9. All hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble, except those of Group 1A and those of Group 2A
(from Ca2+)
10. All sulfides are insoluble, except those of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A and Group
2A

18
 Constants Conversion Factors

R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1

= 8.3145 kPa dm3 K-1 mol-1 1 A = 10-10 m
= 8.3145 J K-1 mol-1 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m
= 1.9872 cal K-1 mol-1 1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3

1 Pa = 1 kg m-1 s-2
1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 mol-1 = 760 mm Hg (torr)

1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2
e = 1.60217733 x 10-19 C 1 cal = 4.184 J

h = 6.626 x 10-34 J S

c = 2.998 x 108 m s-1

F = 96500 C mol-1

Kw = 1 x 10-14

Thermodynamics Applied Solution Chemistry

E = q + w Henry’s law: S gas = k H Pgas

H = E + PV 
Raoult’s Law: Psolvent = x solvent Psolvent
q = cmT ; q = CT  
Psolvent − Psolvent = xsolutePsolvent
q rev
S =
T Tb = K b m ; T f = K f m
G = H − TS H soln = −H latt + H hydr
H 
rxn =  mH 
f −  nH 
f nsolute
products reactants = RT = MRT
Vsolution

S rxn =  mS
products

−  nS
reactants


Electrochemistry

Grxn =  mG
products

f −  nG
reactants

f

ΔS°univ = ΔS°rxn + ΔS°surr ≥ 0


Ecell = Ecathode

− Eanode


Chemical Equilibrium G  = −nFEcell




Ecell =
RT
ln K =
0.0592
log K (at 25C)
K p = K c (RT )
n
nF n

G  = − RT ln K RT
E cell = Ecell

− ln Q
nF
K2 H rxn

1 1
ln =−  −  = Ecell

−
0.0592
log Q (at 25C)
K1 R  T2 T1  n

19