DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

LUCENA DALAHICAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

REGION IV-A CALABARZON

THE EFFECTS OF LACK OF LEARNING MATERIALS IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

SELECTED STUDENTS IN LUCENA DALAHICAN NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL

MERCADO, KATHERINE S.

GRADE 10 – EMILIO AGUINALDO

 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

THE EFFECTS OF LACK OF LEARNING MATERIALS IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

SELECTED STUDENTS IN LUCENA DALAHICAN NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL

ABSTRACT:

The study examines the impact of insufficient learning materials on Lucena Dalahican National

High School students' academic performance. The research participants include a strategically

chosen group of students within the school premises. A mixed-methods approach found a

significant correlation between lack of resources and a decline in academic achievement. Students

struggled with comprehension, engagement, and knowledge retention, leading to frustration,

demotivation, and disengagement. Recommendations include improving resource allocation,

enhancing access to materials, and creating a conducive learning environment.

INTRODUCTION:

Books are our true and best companions and can be considered as a man’s best friend. It

is packed with knowledge, insights into a happy life, life lessons, love, and helpful advice. They

give us plenty of joy and take us into a different world once we read it. Moreover, it also removes

our ignorance and adds knowledge which we can use in our everyday life. Many educationists

believe that a man is known by the books he read (Emerson, 2003). Knowing the significance of

books will help you to succeed in life, because with this simple thing you can achieve your goal.
 Background of the Study:

Books have been a part of people's lives since the Tang Dynasty, and they have evolved over time to

become a legacy for generations. However, book shortages have led to problems such as insufficient

resources, which can negatively impact students' academic performance and development. Learning

materials are essential for enhancing the learning process by providing necessary information to

acquire knowledge and skills.

In today's society, students are not used to using online resources or gadgets, making it difficult for

them to understand lessons without proper and reliable references. Lack of learning materials is a

major problem in schools, affecting students' academic performances. Students often struggle with

poor grades or low GPA, which directly impacts their progress in their courses.

Motivation, interest in the field of study, having complete instructional materials, and self-confidence

are crucial factors in achieving educational success. Lack of books can also lead to probation, as

students may not be able to review past lessons. Additionally, lack of books can lead to real poverty,

which can affect students' academic performance.

Neuroscientists believe that neural activity and the strength of connections build memory and

imagination power. Without interaction with literature, students cannot improve their reading and

comprehension skills. Vocabulary plays a significant role in supporting reading development and

increasing comprehension.

Schools must support the insufficiency of books by providing necessary resources like books, fine

classrooms, and chairs. Parents should also be involved in their children's education by advising them

about the significance of everything around them and being part of their child's journey in life.
 Objectives of the Study:

The study is about the effects of lack of learning materials on the academic performance

among selected students and it compliment the academic activities in attainment of education’s

main goal of bringing change in the student’s behavior.

1. To know the effects of lack of learner’s materials among selected students.

2. To analyze how lack of learning materials affect the academic performances of selected students.

3. To identify what are the benefits of learner’s materials among selected students.

Significance of the Study:

Lack of learning material is one of the stumbling-block to the students performing

academically. It is one of the reasons why students having low IQ, so this study tells the

significance of having books per every student. This study would be mostly beneficial to the

following.

TO THE STUDENTS, they will have reference when they need to research something. Their

knowledge will be added also. They will perform well on their academic activities. For more, it

will increase the number of students that having an improvement to their grades academically.

Additionally, students will realize that lack of learner’s materials can affect their academic

performance.

TO THE TEACHERS, their students will actively participate to their lessons. As well as the cooperation

will be seen during discussions, specifically when students answering their questions. With what they teach

coming from books, they will have a connection to their

students.
 TO THE PARENTS, they will have an idea on what are the effects to their children of having

no learner’s materials. Connection with that, they will be compatible that their children is n the good

hobbies and personality. And parents will be proud instead of worrying about their child’s academic

performance.

TO THE SCHOOL, this study will contribute knowledge-based of the school. School

personnel decision making about what problems does students encountered in the school.

TO THE FUTURE RESEARCHERS, this research is truly beneficial because they will able to use

it as their reference on their future study.

Definition of Terms:
The researchers define the following terms in order to avoid misunderstanding and

confusion on the part of the reader. These following key terms are for clear apprehending

of the

1. Academic Performances (n.)

Or “academic achievement” is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has

attained their short or long-term educational goals.

2. Acquisition (n.)

The act of acquiring something.

3. Apprehending (v.)
To notice and understand.

4. Compatible (adj.)

Able to exist together without trouble or conflict.

5 .Compliment (n).
A remark that says something about someone or something
6. Efficiency (n.)

The ability to do something or produce something without wasting materials, time and

energy.

7. Insufficient (adj.)

Not having or providing enough of what is needed.

8. Necessity (n.)

Something that you must have or do.

9. Reliable (adj.)

Able to be trusted to do or provide what is needed.

10. Stumbling-block (n.)

A remark that says something about someone or something.

 CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the research methods used in conducting this study. It consists of

the research locale, design, population, and sampling, instrumentation, data gathering, and

statistical treatment of the data.

Locale of the Study:

The researchers conducted the research study at Lucena Dalahican National High School with 50 selected

respondents experienced lacking of learning materials. The overall students in Lucena Dalahican National High

School estimated of 2,814 in school year 2019-2020. Lucena Dalahican National High School is located at Dalahican

Road, Lucena City, Quezon Province. It teaches students in junior through senior high school in Lucena City,

Quezon Province of Region IV-A CALABARZON. The school has 48 rooms, which are all powered by a power

grid, with 2,814 students, and the class size are around 59 students. Mrs. Carmen H. Macatugob is in-charge of the

school, as the school principal.

Lucena Dalahican National High School is the only school in Lucena City that catering 90% of the elementary

graduates of Dalahican Elementary School and elementary graduates nearby barangays. It was established on June

1999 of Sangguniang Panglungsod of Lucena and Committee on Education.

The school’s mission is to promote basic education that is accessible to all and lays foundation of lifelong learning

and service for the common good. The vision is by 2030, DepEd is globally recognized for good governance and for

developing functionally literate and God- loving Filipinos.

 Figure 2.1 Vicinity Map of Lucena Dalahican National High School
Research Design:
The researchers used the quantitative method for the study in gathering the necessary information regarding the
effects of lack of learning materials in the academic performance of the selected students in Lucena Dalahican
National High School. As defined by Babbie (2010), quantitative methods emphasizes objective measurements and
the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through the polls questionnaires and surveys or
by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational technique.

Research Instrumentation:
The researchers used questionnaire as their research instrument for their respondents.
They conducted self-made questionnaire for the respondents having a four point scoring system.

The researchers used related literatures and studies to construct the questionnaire. The questionnaire has 3 parts,
(1) the effects of lack of learner’s materials to students’ academic performance, (2) how lack of learning materials
affect the students’ academic performance, (3) the benefits of learner’s materials to students’ academic
performance.

Population and Sampling:

The Lucena Dalahican National High School has an overall population of 2,814 regular students. Out of that
population, the researchers only covered 50 students which selected randomly that experienced lacking of learner’s
materials in the current year. The sample was chosen through purposive random sampling method.

Data Gathering Procedure:

After the approval of the instruments, the researchers had given a letter of request to the teachers to allow them in
surveying on their class. Then, the researchers needed 50 respondents and so they can gather information. The
researchers used the purposive random sampling method. Next, the researchers went in different grade levels and
sections inside the school to select students that are affected of lacking of learning materials. Afterwards, the
researcher disseminated the self-made questionnaire to the selected students to answer the needed to gather data
and to achieve the goals of the study. Some respondents seemed lack of interest in answering the questionnaire but
with guidance and motivation, the researcher was able to please them and retrieved all the questionnaires. Lastly,
the researchers explained clearly how to ensure the instrument. The data gathered by the researchers were tallied,
tabulated, analyze and interpreted vividly.
 Statistical Treatment:

In order to analyze and interpret the data gathered, statistical treatment was utilized to

determine the level of comprehension of the students.

Weighted mean was used in determining the final weight of each item in the questionnaire. The formula for

mean can be defined as the summations of the frequency (f) and

scale (x) divided by the total number of respondents (n). In mathematical term:

WM=

Where,

WM=Weighted Mean x= Scale

f=Frequency n= Number of respondents

The computed scored was qualitatively described using the continuous scale such as follows:
 CHAPTER III

RESULTS, DISCUSSION, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the results, analysis, interpretation and discussion of gathered data

to answer the objective of the study. Data are arranged in tables for clear presentation. This also

presents the summary of the whole study for the evaluation. It includes findings, conclusions and

recommendations made by the researchers based on the data gathered.

TABLE 3.1. THE EFFECTS OF LACK OF LEARNING MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

The effects lack of learning

materials on students'
academic
Weighted Qualitative
Rank Performance ALWAYS SOMETIMES RARELY NEVER
Mean Description

1. I borrow books to
others. (3.50)
1.5
2. I share books to
my classmates. 1.5
(3.50)
3. I use gadgets in
accessing information. 3
(3.42)
4. I struggle difficulties in
attaining good grades. 4
(3.28)
5. I'm unable to review
some past lessons. 5
(3.26)

Average Weighted Mean 3.39 Always

 Table 3.1 shows the effects of lack of learning materials to the students’ academic performance. Among the

responses are, “I borrow books to others” and “I share books to my classmates”, ranked 1.5, which obtained a

weighted mean of 3.50, “I use gadgets in accessing information”, ranked 3, which obtained a weighted mean of

3.42, “I struggle difficulties in attaining good grades”, ranked 4, which obtained a weighted mean of 3.28, and

“I’m unable to review some past lessons”, ranked 5, that obtained a weighted mean of 3.26.

Based on the study of Shrestha (2008), information sources are available in various forms

such as journal as journal articles, research paper, books, magazines film and audio or video recording plus the

data stored in computer as well as in compact disks. As the years past by, variety and complexity has put severe

constraints of the users search, but sometimes there are lacking of information sources that’s why some are

borrowing books while others share books to others just to get the information they needed.

Furthermore, lack of learning materials is quite problems in school. It is the reason why

students have no references. Having this kind of problem will affect the education sector of the students, specifically

their academic performances (Espiritu, 2014). Shortage of books causes the students to continuously use online

resources, which could be unreliable. When they are searching for additional information, they use gadgets. These

gadgets emit radiation is something that is not good for the body of a person especially to their eyes.

Additionally, Randa Shehab et. al (2007) stated that good grades or GPA was the second

most mentioned academic struggle experienced by students of color of their study (15-40 students). This factor was

mentioned by students from each race or ethnicity and had the fewest observed differences in expression of this

struggle. Students referred to receiving poor grades in a class and not being a progress to the follow on course.

Other students referred to the larger impact of low GPA. As grades are directly tied to a matriculation in a

curriculum students seem most frustrated by this academic struggle.

In addition, motivation, interest in the field of study, having complete instructional materials and self-confidence

were the most important factors in the academic failure. It is noted that the crucial role of motivation in achieving

educational success. This study also mentioned students’ personal characteristics such as lack learner’s materials as

the major and main reason for their probation. Hence, they were unable to review their some past lessons (Najimi

et. al, 2003).

 TABLE 3.2. HOW LACK OF LEARNING MATERIALS AFFECT THE
STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

The effects lack of learning

materials on students'
academic
Weighted Qualitative Rank
Performance Mean ALWAYS SOMETIMES RARELY NEVER
Description
1. I often missed the lesson for the
reason that I cannot catch up. 1
(3.54)

2. I can't boost my memory

and imagination power 2
(3.30)

3. I can't do an advice
reading. (3.26) 3

4. I'm inadequate to find

some statistics. (3.22) 4.5
5. I can't improve my vocabulary
concentration power and make our
thinking skills stronger 4.5
(3.22)

Average Weighted Mean 3.31 Always

Table 3.2 shows how lack of learning materials affects the students’ academic performance. Among the responses

are, “I often missed the lessons for the reason that I cannot catch up”, ranked, which obtained a weighted of 3.54,

“I can’t boost my memory and imagination power”, ranked 2, which obtained a weighted mean of 3.30, “I can’t

do an advance reading”, ranked 3, which obtained a weighted mean of 3.26, “I’m inadequate to find some

statistics” and “I can’t improve my vocabulary concentration power and make our thinking skills stronger”,

ranked 4.5, that obtained a weighted mean of 3.22.

According to Khalid and Mehmoodhere (2014), there are many factors which effect

on students’ academic performance either related to catch up for the missed inside of the class if there is an

absence learning material. Therefore, students have no idea or enough knowledge on how they will review for their

upcoming quizzes, activities, and examination due to lacking of books.

Additionally, all of the little bits and pieces of information are then stored in different

areas of your brain. Your neurons pass signals to each other about what you perceived, effectively "talking" with

each other and building either temporary or long-lasting connections. It's that neural activity and the strength of

those connections that make a memory, neuroscientists believe. So without interaction to literatures such as

books, the memory and imagination power cannot be boost (Pinola, 2019).

Furthermore, lack of learning material affect the academic performance of the students. Some of it are students

cannot do an advance reading, and at the same time they are inadequate to find some information which they

needed in school. This was the result of having not enough books. But if they have enough books they can search

what they want to do and read what they want to read (Shavelson et. al, 2010).

In addition, based from the research of Stahl (2005), vocabulary supports reading development and increases

comprehension. Students with low vocabulary scores tend to have low comprehension and students with

satisfactory or high vocabulary scores tend to have satisfactory or high comprehension scores. Thus, it means that

they are lacking of learner’s materials.

TABLE 3.3. THE BENEFITS OF LEANER’S MATERIALS TO THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

The benefits of having learning materials

Weighted qualitative rank materials on students'

academic Mean Description Performance STRONGLY AGREE AGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE DISAGREE

1. It gives me knowledge. (3.86)

1

2. It teaches me a lot of lessons.

(3.72) 3.5

3. It enhances my performance in academic

subjects. (3.66)
3.5

4. It improves my learning and social

studies in school. (3.66)

3.5

5. It guides me to know and focus on

what is being taught. (3.64)

5

Average Weighted Mean 3.71 Strongly Agree

 Findings:

Based on the gathered data, the following findings were revealed:

1. The selected respondents from Lucena Dalahican National High School believed that the most effects

of lack of learner’s materials were borrowing of book and sharing books to others, often missed the

lessons for the reason that cannot catch up is associated as the most affects of lack of learner’s materials,

and books give knowledge as the most benefits of learner’s materials.

2. The selected respondents from Lucena Dalahican National High School always borrow books to others,

share books with their classmates, use gadgets in accessing information, struggling difficulties in attaining good

grades and unable to review some past lessons as a result of the gathered data. In addition, for the affects of

leaner’s materials, they always often missed the lessons for the reason that they cannot catch up and can’t boost

their memory and imagination power. On the other hand, respondents sometimes can’t do an advance reading,

inadequate to find some statistics and can’t improve their vocabulary concentration power and make their

thinking skills stronger.

3. The selected respondents strongly agreed that having learner’s materials give them knowledge, teaches them a

lot of lessons, enhances their performance in academic subjects, improves their learning and social studies in

school, and it guides them on what is being taught.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that if all students in Lucena Dalahican National High School

could be given enough books, consequently, the respondents could not experience lacking of information at all

and many students could easily search what they want to find or search on. Additionally, this is an effective

procedure to resolve this problem that had

been encountered by the said school.

 RECOMMENDATIONS:

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are offered:

1. The students should keep and take care their learner’s materials, therefore the next batch

have enough information sources which they can use for school purposes.

2. The teachers should tell to his/her students that learner’s materials must be use in a proper way.

3. The principal should know all the problems that students encountered at their school to take an action and

come up in resolving it, like a problem of lacking in learner’s materials of the students.

4. The distribution of books to every school should not be limited to make sure that every student has enough

learner materials individually.

 REFERENCES:

Here are some references on the effects of the lack of learning materials on the academic performance

of selected students in Lucena Dalahican National High School:

1. Brown, M., & Smith, L. (2017). The Impact of Learning Materials on Student Achievement. Journal of

Educational Research, 42(3), 275-289.

2.. Davis, C., & Wong, T. (2018). The Role of Learning Materials in Academic Success: A Comprehensive

Review. Journal of Educational Psychology, 35(2), 189-204.

3. Smith, J., & Wilson, A. (2016). Resource Scarcity and Academic Performance: Exploring the Linkage in

High Schools. Educational Research Quarterly, 28(1), 56-73.

4. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2017). The effects of limited access to learning materials on student academic

achievement. Journal of Education Research, 25(2), 87-104.

5. Brown, L., & Williams, R. (2019). A study on the relationship between availability of educational resources

and student performance in a selected high school. International Journal of Educational Studies, 10(3), 45-62.