Suspension of Fundamental is included in Article 51A (Part lV A) of the Constitution

The Preamble does is not enforceable in a Court of Law

The system of Judicial originated from Russia

The Governor can reserve a state bill for the consideration of the President when is it
ultra vires(beyond one’s legal power of authority), is it opposed to the Directive
Principles of State Policy, if it endangers the position of the state High Court, if it is
dealing with the compulsory acquisition of property under Article 31A

Article 108 empowers the President for a joint sitting

Under Ordinance Making power of the Governor it is laid down in Article 213, it can be
issued by him after the advice of the president of state council of minister, it is co-
extensive with the legislative powers of the state legislature

Discretionary powers of the Governor are he can send a report to the President of India
for imposing the President’s rule and reserving certain bills passed by the State
Legislature

Three tier panchayat system - Gram Sabha, Panchayat Samiti, Zilla Parishad. Article 40
of the Indian Constitution for the institution of Panchayat Raj. Higher Education is not
a subject that has been devolved to the panchayati raj institutions by the 11th schedule
of the constitution of India. Courts have no jurisdiction to examine the validity of a law
relating to delimitation of constituencies or allotment of seats in respect of
Panchayats.If panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within six months. 50%
reservation for women in Panchayat Raj Institutions are legalised is states such as
Bihar,Uttarakhand,Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh

The Governor of a state has powers to appoint Members of the State Public Service
Commission and State Finance Commission

Provision of Federation of our Constitution were borrowed from Canada

Freedom of speech and expression cannot be curtailed by legislation

Supreme Court has made to Right to Free Education as the part of Right to Life

In the Indra Sawhney & Others vs Union of India,1992 judgement, the Supreme Court
fixed the upper limit for the combine reservation not exceeding more than 50%

Article 46 of the constitution refers to the promotion of educational and economic

interests of SC,ST and OWS

The provisions of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India shall not apply to the
administration and control of the Scheduled Area and Scheduled Tribes in
Assam,Tripura,Meghalaya and Mizoram

Tenure of Chief Election Commissioner of India is till 6 years or till he attends the age
65 years whichever is earlier

The Parliament of India determines the authority of adjustment of the allocation of the
seats in Lok Sabha. Parliament of India is described as The House of the People, The
Council of States and the The President of India
Motilal Nehru was a person of Congress of Committee drafting the constitution of India
in 1928

Delimitation of constituencies and determination of constituencies reserved for SC and

ST are done by Delimitation Commission

Auditor General of India includes examination of income and expenditure of all PSU and
constituents the basis for scrutiny by the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament

Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor General of India can be removed
like Supreme Court Judge.

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India can attend sittings of Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha. The jurisdiction of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India is co-
extensive with the powers of the Union Government. CAG can advice the president
according to Article 150
Cabinet Secretary holds the highest rank in Union Government

The Chairman and Members of UPSC are appointed by the President

Pocket Veto was first used by the former President of India Gyani Zail Singh

Equal Justice and Free Legal Aid was inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act,1976

A common High Court for two or more states can be established by A law passed by the
Parliament

To provide opportunities for education to one’s child between the age of 6 to 14 was
added as a fundamental duty through the constitution in 86th Amendment Act,2002. It
is incorporated in the 11th Fundamental Duty

Article 20 protects a person against double jeopardy

The members of the constituent assembly were chosen based on the provincial elections
of 1946. In order to create a sense of collective participation, submissions were
solicited from the Public.

During Moraji Desai’s tenure Mandal Commission was constituted

The objective of resolution proposed by Nehru ultimately became the Preamble, it is not
justice abel and it cannot be amended . The Preamble of the Indian Constitution adopted
“Republic” on 26th November 1949. Preamble contains the real objectives and philosophy
of the constitution makers

Goa -1987, Haryana-1966, Meghalaya-1972, Sikkim-1976, Hyderabad-1948, Pondicherry-

1962

Habeas Corpus-The Latin term habeas corpus means ‘you must have the body ‘ and a
writ for securing liberty was called habeas corpus ad subjiciendum.
Quo Warranto-The term quo warranto means what is your authority .
Mandamus-Mandamus Is a command issued by a court to an authority directing it to
perform a public duty imposed upon it by law
Certiorari and Prohibition-These writs are designed to prevent the excess of power by
public authorities and prohibition prohibits proceedings of a lower court

Under financial emergency salaries of the Judges of High Court and Supreme Court can
be reduced and Right to Constitutional Remedies can be suspended. The Centre can
direct any state to observe canons of financial property. The President may issue
directions of reduction of salaries and allowances. But so far it has not been declared

The National Development Council, The Governor’s Conference and Zonal Councils are
legal devices for securing coordination among states.

In an emergency Centre State relation, life of the Lok Sabha and State Assembly and
Fundamental rights are affected. Article 352 of the Constitution of India contains
provisions related to General Emergency.

Residuary powers have been given to the Union Parliament. The Government of India
Act,1935 placed residuary powers in the hands of the Governor General

Maximum life of an ordinance promulgated by President of India is 7.5 months

Fundamental Rights are issued under Article 19

BN Raju was not the member of Fazal Ali Commission formed in 1953

Directive Principles of State Policy cannot be amended by simple majority

In SR Bommai case the Supreme Court characterized federalism as it’s basic feature of
the Constitution

Political Affairs Committee, Economic Affairs Committee, Appointments Committee are

chaired by Prime Minister

Articles 124-147 deal with the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers,

procedures,etc of the Supreme Court

A house of the state legislature can declare the seat of a member vacant if he absents
himself from all its meetings for a period 60 days

Under Article 312, the parliament can create new all India Services

Right to citizenship is not a Fundamental Right under the constitution of India

The Union Home Minister is the ex officio Chairman of the Northeastern Council

Santhanam Committee Report, 1964 defines corruption as a complex problem

Parliamentary Democracy is one where the government is responsible not to the public
but to the elected representatives, and are delegated the responsibility of thinking and
acting on behalf of their constituents

One of the implications of equality in society if the absence of Privileges

The modern state with its territorial sovereignty came into existence first in Europe in
the wake of the Treaty of Westphalia

In a single transferable vote system, each voter is required to indicate as many

preference as there are candidates to be elected
Prohibition is issued during the pendency of proceeding in a court

The Attorney General of India can attend both the houses of the Parliament while not
being a member of either House
The creation of institution of Lokpal was first recommended by Administrative Reforms
Commission by Moraji Desai first

In Preamble Sovereign,Socialist,Secular,Democratic,Republic

97th Amendment Act,2011 is related to the formation of cooperative societies

The First Five Year(Agricultural), 1951-1956 by drafted by KN Raj

Minority is not defined in the Constitution

The Central Information Commission can order enquiry into any matter if there are
reasonable grounds. The Commissioner has the power to secure compliance decisions
from the public body. It is not a constitutional body

NHRC chairman must be a retired CJI and powers are recommendatory in nature

The governor is the chief executive head of the state(De jure)

Local Government is not concerned about Maintaining Public Order

Sir Tej Bahadur and Jay Kar demanded first the dominion status for India

For having a national party it must secure 6% of the valid votes polled in any four or
more states, at a general election to the House of the people or, to the State
Legislative Assembly and win at least four seats in the House of the People from any
State or States or wins at least 2% seats in the House of the People(11/543) and these
members are elected at least three different States

52nd Amendment Act,1985 states disqualification on grounds of defection

61st Amendment Act, 1988 states reduction of voting age from 21 to 18

86th Amendment Act,2006 states right to education

Inter state council is established under the Constitution of India and it is a
recommendatory body

Special Category State invariably has poor infrastructure

TWO Presidents elected were so far unopposed- N Sanjiva Reddy, Rajendra Prasad

JVP Committee which was constituted in 1948-49 was related to Formation of new
States on linguistic basis

Zonal Councils are Advisory Bodies

C Rajagopalachari demanded for Constituent Assembly based on Adult Franchise

Warren Hasting was the first Governor General of Bengal

A member of the parliament enjoys freedom of speech in the Parliament as a

Parliamentary privilege protected by the Constitution of India.

The Constitution has vested the power to amend the Constitution in the Parliament

A minister is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister

The speaker of the Lok Sabha decides if a bill is a money bill, should any dispute about
arise

With simple majority - Quorum in the Parliament, Creation of the Legislative Council in a
State

The President shall not be a member of either House of Parliament but Parliament shall
consist of the President and two Houses

The Parliament can make any laws for the whole or any part of India for implementing
international treaties without consent of any state

Through Parliamentary Committee Parliament can exercise control over administration

By amendment, Parliament cannot destroy the basic features of the Constitution
because the power to amend does not include the power to abrogate the Constitution

Rajya Sabha can delay Finance Bill by 14 days

In Rajya Sabha the presiding officer is not a member of that house

Indira Gandhi faced largest number of No Confidence Motions

Rajya Sabha can enjoy more services in case of Setting up of new All India Services

Speaker of the Lok Sabha is not appointed by the President

Seventh Schedule - Union List, State List, Concurrent List

Eighth Schedule - Languages
Fourth Schedule - Allocation of seats in the council of States
Tenth Schedule - Provisions as to disqualify on the ground of disqualification

The speaker of the Lok Sabha may resign by writing to the Deputy Speaker of the Lok
Sabha

The Amendment has been provided in Article 368 of the Constitution of India

National Commission for Scheduled Tribes is a Constitutional Body

Powers to Grant Pardon - Article 72

Executive power of the Union - Article 53
Power to appoint Prime Minister - Article 75
Appointment of Attorney General - Article 76

According to Censure Motion

Prime Minister VP Singh, HD Deve Gowda, Atal Bihari were defeated by a vote of no
confidence

If the Prime Minister is a member of the Rajya Sabha then he/she cannot take part in
the voting system when there is a vote of no confidence under consideration

Under Principles of Collective Responsibility no person shall be nominated to the cabinet

except on the advice of PM and no person shall be retained as a member of the cabinet
if the PM says he/she shall be dismissed

Patronage Bureaucracy means giving all government jobs to it’s supporters

The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856 was passed by Lord Canning

Public Interest Litigation is also called as Class Action Litigation, Social Action
Litigation and Social Interest Litigation
Locus Standi - a person whose rights are infringed alone can move the court
Making voting compulsory was rejected by BR Ambedkar

Advocate General for the States is provided by Article 165

Governor of a state is called as “Federal Fireman” by C Rajagoapalachari

26th Amendment Act abolished the privy purses and privileges of the ruler of princely
states