PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
Potential Energy (position)
PE = mgh AMA (Actual Mechanical Advantage)
𝐹0
Where: m= mass 𝐴𝑀𝐴 =
𝐹𝑖
g= gravity Where: Fo = Resistance Force
h= height Fi = Effort Force
Kinetic Energy (motion) IMA (Ideal Mechanical Advantage)
1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝐼𝑀𝐴 =
𝑆𝑖
2 𝑆𝑜
Where: m= mass
Where: Si = Effort Distance
v= velocity So = Resistance Distance
Power (rate of doing work)
𝑊
Efficiency of a Machine (eff)
𝑃= 𝐴𝑀𝐴
𝑡 𝐸𝑓𝑓 = × 100%
𝐼𝑀𝐴
Where: W= work Momentum (M) rate of change of product of
(work = force x distance) mass and velocity respect to time
t= time 𝑀 = 𝑚𝑣
MKS Where: m = mass
UNITS: kg m/ s, slug ft/s
1 Joule/second = 1 watt (W)
v = velocity
1 Joule = 1 watt second 𝐼 = 𝐹𝑡
Where: I = impulse
1 kW = 1000 watts
UNITS: Newton second, lbs second
1 kWh = 3.6 x 10^6 Joules
F = force
CGS t = time
NOTE: The impulse applied by the net force on a
Power = erg/sec
system is actually, the change in the system’s
US
momentum.
1 Hp (horsepower) = 550 ft lbs 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣0
Law of Conservation of Energy
1 Hp = 746 W
𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2
1 Newton = 100 000 Dynes Where : m = masses of the bodies
u = velocity of the body before impact
1 meter = 100 cm
v = velocity of the body after impact
1 Joule (J) = 10 000 000 ergs Coefficient of Restitution (e)
1 Joule (J) = 0.738 ft lb ⅇ=
𝑣2 −𝑣1
ⅇ=
𝑣2
=√
ℎ2
𝑢1 −𝑢2 𝑣1 ℎ1
1 Newton = 0.2248 lb
e = 1 for perfectly elastic
e = 0 if the bodies stick together
e < 1 if the bodies are inelastic
v2 = velocity after impact
v1 = velocity before impact
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS
Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Motion
𝑣1 = 𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑡 𝜔1 = 𝜔0 + 𝛼𝑡
1 2 1
𝑠 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 = 𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 2
2 2
𝑣12 = 𝑣02 + 2𝑎𝑠 𝜔12 = 𝜔02 + 2𝛼𝜃
Relations between Linear and Angular Motion
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 𝑎 = 𝑟𝛼
Tangential and Centripetal Translational
Acceleration
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑟𝛼 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑟𝜔2 𝑎 = √𝑎𝑡2 + 𝑎𝑐2
Rotational Kinetic Energy
1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚(𝑟𝜔)2
2
1 1
𝐾𝐸 = (𝑚𝑟 2 )𝜔2 𝐾𝐸 = 𝐼𝜔2
2 2
Newton’s Second Law for Rotational Motion
𝜏 = 𝐼𝛼
Units: torque = Nm (MKS), Dyne cm (CGS), ft lb
(ENGLISH)
Inertia = kg m^2, g cm^2, slug ft^2 Stress
Angular acceleration = rad/s^2 (all SI Units)
Angular Momentum
𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 linear 𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔 angular Strain
Angular Impulse Elastic Modulus
𝜏𝛥𝑡 = 𝐽 = 𝛥𝐿
Young Modulus
(elasticity in length)
Shear Modulus
(elasticity of shape)
Bulk Modulus
(volume elasticity)
