Perceived Effects of the Citizenship Training Program on the Academic

Performance of Grade 10 Students of Bingao National High School

Background of the study

Most Nations in the world have some form of Military, and it is part of their national defense or

education system. According to Lieber. D. (2023) that all men beginning at age of 18 are required to serve 32

months in the military in Israel. In Russia, all men are required to do. Year-long military service or equivalent

training during higher education, from the age of 18. (Reuters, 2024) According to Department of Education,

The Citizenship Training Program or CTP is a restructuring of Citizens Army Training and Citizenship

Advancement Training (CAT).

Its goal is to enhance learners' social responsibility and commitment to the development of their

community. National duty, especially defense-related services, enhances discipline and patriotism, which leads

in better citizens, specifically among students across the country. (Orpiano, 2018) It is a requirement for 4th-

year high school students in the Philippines, aiming to develop patriotism, nationalism, and civic engagement

through military orientation, community service, and public safety training.(Hernias, 2019) CAT has been a

mandatory subject among secondary schools and has been identified to have effects on the academic

performance of the students. It is considered a separate subject from other MAPEH courses and the program is a

requirement for graduation for all fourth year high school students in both public and private schools. Students

must pass CAT in order to graduate from high school.

The beneficial effects of citizenship education programs on participants' civic knowledge, attitudes, and

behaviors have been shown by earlier research. On the other hand, the possible impacts of these programs on

academic performance have received little study. By investigating the perceived impacts of the Citizenship

Training Program on participants' academic achievement, this study aims to close this gap. According to Clarice

C. Malagueño & John Williams B. Servana (2018-2019) CATis a training program for both public and private

secondary schools in the Philippines. It aims to enhance the student's social responsibility and commitment to

the development of their communities and develop their ability to uphold law and order as they assume active

participation in community activities and assist the members of the community especially in times of emergency

(Arroyo, 2010).
CTP, which attempt to develop responsible, engaged citizens who can make meaningful contributions to

society, have become a crucial part of curricula in schools all around the world. CAT programs, which are based

on the understanding of the value of civic involvement and social responsibility, go beyond conventional

academic instruction to support students' entire development. The necessity of comprehensive citizenship

education has been emphasized more and more in recent years in order to solve current societal issues and

advance democratic values. A well-organized framework for incorporating civic learning experiences—which

include things like leadership development, community service, and moral decision-making—into students'

academic journeys is provided by CTP programs.

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine the effects of Citizenship Training Program on the academic

performance of grade 10 students of Bingao National High School. Specially, It intended to answer the

following questions: 1. How does Citizenship Training Program affects students academic performance in terms

of; 1.1 Improving their decision-making skills; 1.2 Develop sense of responsibility; and 1.3 Their behavioral

intention 2. What are the effect of Citizenship Training Program on students' grades in Filipino, science, math,

and English? 3. How much impact does the Citizenship Training Program have on students' attendance and

participation in their classroom? 4. In what way does the Citizenship Training Program help kids excel

academically overall?

The significance of the study

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the citizenship training program on the academic

performance of Grade 10 students at Bingao National High School. The study will benefit the following entities:

Student- This study will help the students to understand the impact of citizenship training program on their

academic performance, students can become more empowered and recognize the importance of these programs

for their education, personal growth and self discipline.

Teacher- by understanding how citizenship education programs affect students academic performance, teachers

can modify their lesson plans to better meet the requirements of their students and foster their overall growth.

Parents- Seeing how well citizenship training programs can improve their son or daughter’s academic

performance and general development, parents will be better equipped to make educated decisions regarding

their kids education.

Country- The study can influence national education policies and programs, which may result in the adoption

or enhancement of citizenship education initiatives in schools supporting the larger objectives of citizenship

education and national development.

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers conducted this study entitled "Perceived Effects of the Citizenship Training Program on the

Academic Performance of Grade 10 Students of Bingao National High School." It focuses on how the program

affects grade 10 students’ ability to make better decisions, behavioral intentions, and participation in class. The

target respondents were the grade 10 students of Bingao National High School. The study will not explore the

impact of other factors such as extracurricular activities on academic achievements, the citizenship training

programs' long-term consequences beyond the academic year, or family or financial situation. The study will not

include participants who are not attending the citizenship training program or who are not grade 10 students.

The study will not investigate the effects of the training program on citizens in other countries.
Definition of terms

Citizenship training program. The CTP has two components basic leadership provides learning opportunities

to gain knowledge skills and understanding on the rights and duties of citizens and on military orientation with

emphasis on leadership followership and personal discipline (depedsouthcotabato.org)in this study, Citizenship

training program refers to structured education program designed to impact knowledge skills and values related

To citizenship including civic responsibility social awareness and decision making Academic performance is the

measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials

typically measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates, and results from standardized

tests.(ballotpedai.org) in this study academic performance is a level of achievement demonstrated by students in

their academic typically measured through grades test scores and other academic assessments Decision-making

skills are all of the skills you need to make an informed, rational decision. Someone with good decision-making

skills at work can assess all the facts, understand the company's current state and goal state, and choose the best

course of action. In this study decision-making refers to an ability to analyze situations evaluate options and

make informed choices based on available information and personal values A sense of responsibility is an

awareness of one's obligations. It can be defined as a general conscious awareness; "a sense of security"; "a

sense of happiness"; "a sense of danger"; "a sense of self". Sense of responsibility is an important factor that

cannot be overemphasized even in our society.(medium.com) in this study A sense of responsibility refers to a

personal commitment to fulfill duties obligations and obligations towards oneself others and community

Behavioral intentions refer to the perceived likelihood or subjective probability of an individual to engage in a

given behavior.(igi-global.com) in this study behavior refers to a person’s readiness and willingness to engage

in specific behaviors or actions often influenced by attitudes beliefs and perceived social norms Core subjects

The subjects considered to be at the centre of the curriculum – English, Math and science. All the other subjects

are known as the Foundation Subjects.(think.com)in this study core subjects refers to fundamental academic

disciplines essential for a well-rounded education commonly including mathematics science English and social

studies Attendance the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or event.(oxford

language)in this study attendance refers to the act of being present and present a participating in scheduled
educational activities such as classes lectures or meetings Classroom participation refers to the behaviors that

students engage themselves in class. This behavior can take many formats, such as raising questions, responding

to others' questions, participation in discussions, providing feedback, and so on.(igi-global.com)in this study

classroom participation refers to active engagement and involvement in classroom activities discussion and

exercises contributing to the learning process and academic environment.

Overall Academic achievement. Academic achievement describes academic outcomes that indicate the extent to

which a student has achieved their learning goals. Academic achievement may refer to completing educational

benchmarks such as a bachelor’s degree. Academic achievement is often measured through examinations or

continuous assessments. (Tophot.com)in this study overall academic achievement refers to the comprehensive

assessment of a student’s performance across various academic domains including grades attendance

participation and other relevant indicators.