INTRODUCTION

LIN: (SLIDE 1) Good morning, (SLIDE 2) as the presentation loads, I will start with the introduction,
I am Lin, with my co-reporters Gwen, and Divine. We will be discussing the module 12—which
encompasses the last topic for Oral Communication. (SLIDE 3) Now, for module 12, we have the
Types of Speeches; as you can see in the tabs above, our discussion involves tackling the handout and
the scorms 1 and 2. But before that Gwen will discuss the objectives and we will have a short recap
about the topics that came before this module. The ones who are able to answer our questions during
the review later on and during the discussion will be given prizes, respectively. Hopefully a lot will
participate. So, Gwen.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
GWEN: (SLIDE 4) Thank you Lin, so our learning objectives for today are (SLIDE 5) first; to be
refreshed from our learnings from the past discussions, hence the recap. Two is to be able to adapt to
the guidelines that will be discussed later on. Third is to learn how to create better presentations. Next
is to differentiate the speeches according to purpose and speeches according to delivery. And lastly, to
answer the given questions later on. That's it for the objectives, now, Divine.
RECAP
DIVINE: (SLIDE 6) Thank you Gwen. Alright so for the recap, we first have module 9 which was
discussed face-to-face by group 1. The topic was about communication strategies, now they briefly
discussed the following concepts: the communication skills and the effective strategies, as you can
see, we discussed (SLIDE 7) these 5 skills and (SLIDE 8) these 8 strategies, additionally, [as you
have said] we also discussed the SURETY. (SLIDE 9) Next is the module 10: strategies in various
speech situations. This was tackled online by the second group; so, (SLIDE 10) they discussed
Language Registers, Oral Presentation and Delivery Techniques, and Speech Acts. (SLIDE 11) The 5
registers (SLIDE 12) 4 Techniques, (SLIDE 13) and the speech acts. Furthermore, in the same week,
Ma'am Hanifa also sent a PowerPoint presentation about (SLIDE 14) communicative strategies and
delivery techniques. (SLIDE 15) For the earlier group, they discussed the Strategies for Group
Discussions including (SLIDE 16) Strategies for Informal and Formal Group Discussions. Gwen.
HANDOUT 1
GWEN: (SLIDE 17) Thank you Divine, so now. We will be starting with the discussion for Module
12: Handout 1. Take note Guidelines and Principles for Effective Public Speaking, this is according to
Fernandez and Suarez 2016. First, an effective public speaker must be:
1. (SLIDE 18) (READ SLIDE) The speech may have a purpose, what is the topic of the
speaker all about and also to entertain, inform, and persuade.
2. (SLIDE 19) (READ SLIDE) We all know that speaking in public is very frightening,
we normally feel the pressure from the audience and even in ourselves. However, we must
learn how to embrace this fear as opportunities, enabling you to showcase your ability to
perform even under pressure.
3. (SLIDE 20) (READ SLIDE) Construct your speech with a strong foundation,
capturing the audience's attention from the outset and follow it with an engaging context that
can lead to an impactful conclusion, also, remember that you must always end your speech
appropriately.
4. (SLIDE 21) (READ SLIDE) To achieve logical organization in public speaking, you
need to plan and prepare your speech in advance, use a clear and simple language to build an
interaction and feedback to the audience. Simply put, organizing ideas coherently, that guides
the audience through a seamless and comprehensible journey.
 5. (SLIDE 22) (READ SLIDE) Infuse your speech with inspiration, so that even though
your speech may not be perfect it still needs to be remembered positively—leaving a lasting
impact on the hearts and minds of your listeners.
6. (SLIDE 23) (READ SLIDE) Tailor your message to resonate with the audience and
the specific occasion, enhancing relevance. Additionally, always use a language or speech
construct to suit your audience.
7. (SLIDE 24) (READ SLIDE) Strive to give a clear and articulate message and speak
from your heart, fostering genuine connections that transcend mere words. You’re not just
speaking to an audience; you’re speaking with your audience. Now, Lin.
LIN: Thank you, Gwen. (SLIDE 25) So again, the first 7 guidelines and principles to effective public
speaking are? (—) Mhm, that’s right [purposive, under pressure, build up, logically organized,
inspiring, contextualized, sincere]. Now for the other 7, to be able to effectively perform speeches
publicly, it must be:
8. (SLIDE 26) (READ SLIDE) Treat each speech as a performance, engaging the
audience with energy, enthusiasm, and confidence whilst using non-verbal cues, proper tone
and enunciation.
9. (SLIDE 27) (READ SLIDE) As you deliver your speech, always remember that it’s
not just about performing, but is also an opportunity to communicate with the audience.
Therefore, create an interactive experience, encouraging the audience to actively participate in
the discourse.
10. (SLIDE 28) (READ SLIDE) Preparation is always a key to have a successful
performance or speech, so demonstrate readiness for any speaking opportunity, showcasing
your commitment to excellence.
11. (SLIDE 29) (READ SLIDE) An effective public speaker will employ strategies to
captivate the audience, maintaining their focus throughout the presentation—and some of
these strategies are ones that we have already mentioned.
12. (SLIDE 30) (READ SLIDE) Ensuring that your message resonates with diverse
audiences, fostering inclusivity, and understanding is one of the most important principles one
must follow.
13. (SLIDE 31) (READ SLIDE) Although some speakers seek perfection, there will
always be unexpected things that may happen while delivering a speech. But that’s part of
learning, so—embrace imperfections as part of the human experience, as this adds
authenticity to your delivery.
14. (SLIDE 32) (READ SLIDE) We gain confidence by exposing ourselves in any
opportunity and speaking publicly. Therefore, recognize that each speech contributes to
personal growth, building confidence with every step taken.
(SLIDE 33) That is all for the Guidelines and Principles for Effective Public Speaking. Again, can
anyone enumerate the 14 mentioned guidelines and principles? (—) Alright so, we have Purposive,
under pressure, build up, logically organized, inspiring, contextualized, sincere, performed, engaging,
always prepared, keeps the audience attention, inclusive, not perfect, help in gaining confidence.
(SLIDE 34) Now, let’s have the Simple Rules for Better Presentation, do take note.
GWEN: Alright so this topic can be found in the second page of the Module 12 handout, first rule is
(SLIDE 35) (READ SLIDE) This is important so that you’re not just reading your
presentation straight from the slides. Instead of typing the entire paragraph text, include only
the main ideas/keywords or photos. Engage the audience by sharing details, explanations, and
 examples. (SLIDE 36) I have here an example, can anyone compare the two slides and how it
may relate to the rule read and expound? (—) Alright, it is better for a speaker to only include
the main idea and then explain it so that they are more engaged with the audience, making
their presentation better.
(SLIDE 37) (READ SLIDE) So similar to the first, this rule employs suggestion of some
experts to use the following rules so that the audience will not be overwhelmed by the
information in a presentation: Take note 5/5/5 - No more than five (5) words per line of text
and five (5) lines of text per slide - Five text-heavy in a row 6/6–7/7 - No more than six (6) to
seven (7) words per line and six (6) to seven (7) lines of text per slide. (SLIDE 38) The same
slides earlier also serve as an example for this rule. Compared to the right, the left slide does
not exceed the 5/5/5 nor the 6/6–7/7 rule.
(SLIDE 39) (READ SLIDE) Indexing is one of the integral parts of presenting a speech. For
an inclusive presentation, appropriate your topic, ideas, and manners to your audience so that
you are not only presenting to an audience but with your audience. Lin.
LIN: (SLIDE 40) Alright so have you all taken note of the first three rules? Who wants to enumerate
it? (—) Thank you. So now we have
(SLIDE 41) (READ SLIDE) So the use of text fonts (size and style) should be easy to read
and pleasant to look at when presenting. An example is (SLIDE 42), would anyone like to
explain how the rule is or is not applied to the slides shown? (—) Indeed, you have to mind
the color and the font so that it is readable for your audience, keep in mind that the choices of
font and background color are important. Now, I will be discussing the other elements of this.
(SLIDE 43) (READ SLIDE) Under this rule is the font size. When presenting, know that the
bigger the room, the bigger the font—you have to make sure that the people at the farthest
back of the room can still read the presentation. Furthermore, consider those people who have
eyesight problems. In this rule the minimum size is 28 for titles and 24 for the body. As you
can see in the example, even though the slide is smaller—the main text can still be read, and
it’s what we aim for, the legibility of our presentation even in the farthest back of the room.
(SLIDE 44) (READ SLIDE) For the font style, can you differentiate them? (—) Close, but the
main difference between them is that (CLICK) the other can be categorized as Sans Serif, and
the other is Serif. Take note in Serif, it has a decorative stroke that finishes off the end of a
letter’s stem (feet) making it emit a sense of elegance, usually, this font is used in magazines,
newspapers, books, and so on. For the Sans Serif, there are no decorative finishes at the
letter’s feet (simple and clean) giving off a casual and friendly feeling. Furthermore, this font
style renders out more clearly on a screen, which increases legibility for users.
(SLIDE 45) (READ SLIDE) Do not avoid animation entirely because this adds up effects to
the audience that actually catches or retains their attention and helps them focus on presented
information. However, don’t overload your presentation with excessive animations. (SLIDE
46) An example is (—) when you compare it with our current presentation, it seems too
animated, although it may be interesting—remember that it may affect the delivery of
information.
(SLIDE 47) (READ SLIDE) Lastly, practice your presentation, it’s best to practice your
speech with the presentation to know and be familiar with the flow so that you will
demonstrate preparedness and a practiced execution of your speech. Alright, so that’s it
Simple Rules for a Better Presentation, now let us have Divine for the next topic.
SCORM 1
DIVINE: (SLIDE 48) So for the first scorm, our topic is the types of speech according to purpose.
Firstly
 (SLIDE 49) (READ SLIDE) As an informative speaker, you must provide facts and
information, but you do not take a stand on controversial issues. Because your job is to act as
a teacher, not as an advocate. You clarify, expand, or educate your audience about a person,
thing, event, problem, concept, issue, or phenomenon—conveying information about the topic
to your audience by presenting impartial facts and data. Now in informative speaking, there
are goals, and it is as follows: Take note
(SLIDE 50) (READ SLIDE)
(SLIDE 51) (READ SLIDE) Informative speeches provide information that helps the
audience to not only think and decide about matters that affect people generally but also to
decide what to do about them. Here are the functions of an informative speech:
1. Define - to give the meaning
2. Report - to present information
3. Describe - to depict or give details
4. Explain - to expound your ideas
5. Demonstrate - showing examples
6. Compare - to analyze similarities and differences
So a good example would be this presentation, as we are presenting information that is new to
you and we are defining, reporting, describing, and explaining our presentation in doing so.
GWEN: (SLIDE 52) The second type of speech according to purpose is (READ SLIDE). According
to Keith and Lundberg (2014) and Hamilton and Kriel (2011) persuasion is an everyday tool, we
persuade or attempt to influence others as a way of life—to carry out things that we would like them
to do. Persuasion is the use of speech to influence the values, beliefs, attitudes, or behavior of others
through reasoning, credibility, and identification. The goal is to engage the audience by using strong
arguments to connect with and relate to their viewpoint. Persuasion involves strategically influencing
the audience, informing them, altering their beliefs, and motivating them to take action. (SLIDE 53)
Aristotle, the Greek rhetorician, identified three modes of persuasion, termed as: Take note
1. Ethos - the appeal to the authority of honesty of the speaker.
2. Pathos - the appeal to the emotion of the audience.
3. Logos - the logical appeal that uses reasoning or arguments to persuade the audience to
accept the speaker's idea.
(In simplicity, it is about what you speak (ethos) how you speak (pathos) and the logical credibility of
your speech (logos)). Take note that Aristotle was the one who formulated the modes of persuasion.
Now, Lucy will serve to demonstrate an example of Persuasive Speech.
LIN: (SLIDE 54) The last type of speech according to purpose is the (READ SLIDE). An entertaining
speech serves to engage, amuse, or delight the audience, creating a lighthearted atmosphere. It's not
just for professional comedians but can be delivered by anyone. This type of speech is given in social
settings like parties, weddings, or birthdays to foster a fun atmosphere. It uses humor, storytelling, or
insightful content to entertain and engage the audience, encouraging both laughter and thought on
contemporary issues. In simplicity, an entertaining speech aims to engage, interest, amuse, or please,
build a lighthearted mood, rapport, critique, pass, and teach. Wherein it not only entertains but also
makes the audience think about the topics at present. So Gab will be presenting an Entertaining
Speech for demonstration.
SCORM 2
DIVINE: (SLIDE 55) Now, scorm 2 included the types of speech according to delivery. Take note,
there are four methods or types by which you may deliver your speech. Each method has its own
advantages and disadvantages for the speaker. You will have to determine the best method to use
based on your topic, purpose of your speech, and your audience.
GWEN: (SLIDE 56) (READ SLIDE) in this method, the speaker writes down the text for his/her
speech and reads it word for word. (SLIDE 57) This method of delivery is useful in highly formal
situations, such as when speaking on radio or television where precise wording is extremely important
and exact timing is needed in order for the listeners to fully understand the message. (SLIDE 58) The
downsides of a manuscript speech however is when the speaker may forget to establish eye contact
and sometimes would read too fast or slow. To demonstrate an example, Jodi will be turning her cam
on and present a manuscript speech.
DIVINE: (SLIDE 59) (READ SLIDE) (SLIDE 60) What is a Memorized Speech? This speech
delivery method involves writing and memorizing the entire speech, a technique used in ancient times
by Greek and Roman orators. However, modern technology like books, computers, and teleprompters
has made it less necessary today. (SLIDE 61) Contemporary theorists discourage memorizing
speeches due to its limitations. Relying on memory might distract speakers from adapting to the
audience or result in forgetting the content, affecting the natural delivery and making the speech
sound rehearsed. For the demonstration, Kristine will be presenting a memorized speech.
GWEN: (SLIDE 62) (READ SLIDE) (SLIDE 63) (READ SLIDE) An Impromptu Speech is a
spontaneous method of delivering a speech without prior preparation, relying on one's existing
knowledge. It's often used during unplanned situations like class discussions, meetings, or job
interviews. This style helps in enhancing confidence in public speaking. Despite its spontaneous
nature, impromptu speeches benefit from organized ideas and arguments. (SLIDE 64) (READ
SLIDE) But over time, with more speaking experience, individuals develop a stock of ideas and
evidence that they can readily use in impromptu situations.
LIN: (SLIDE 65) (READ SLIDE) (SLIDE 66) This method of delivering a speech should not be
confused with impromptu speech—speaking without any preparation. Extemporaneous speaking is a
prepared and rehearsed method of delivering a speech, The speaker however, relies on limited notes
and provides specific words and sentences as he/she speaks. This style offers the advantage of
preparedness, encouraging a conversational tone and allowing adaptability to evolving circumstances
during the speech. (SLIDE 67) However, there are downsides to an extemporaneous speech is that
while some key points may be memorized, the specific wording remains flexible and might change
during practice and final delivery, also, the speaker may forget the flow of their speech and get lost.
So, an example of this is our reporting. We have rehearsed for our delivery as we carefully planned
the flow so that we are prepared and familiar with our presentation, and the same goes for most
reports.
DIVINE: (SLIDE 68) Finally, we will be having a review for the discussion containing 7 questions.
(SLIDE 69) So for the first question, what are the topics for the first handout? (—) -(SLIDE 70) Next,
what is the 5/5/5 rule?
GWEN: (SLIDE 71) What is the difference between Sans Serif and Serif? (—) (SLIDE 72)
Enumerate types of speeches according to purpose (—) (SLIDE 73) Recall goals of informative
speaking? (—)
LIN: (SLIDE 74) Can you remember what the modes of persuasion are? (—) Who identified the three
modes of persuasion? (—) (SLIDE 75) What are the types of speeches according to delivery? (—)
GWEN: So that would be all for Group 4 with our discussion in Module 12, thank you. Rest assured,
we will be uploading both the script and powerpoint copies on teams so that you may view it anytime.