UNIT V

GEOMETRY
AREA OF TRIANGLE AND
CHAPTER

10 QUADRILATERAL

10.1 Theorems on Area of Parallelograms and Triangles

PRACTICE 10.1

Read / Understand / Think / Do

Keeping Skill Sharp
1. (a) What is the area of a parallelogram?
(b) What is the relation between parallelograms standing on the same base and between the
same parallel in area?
(c) Write the relation of the area of the rectangle ABEF and the parallelogram ABCD in the
given figure.
F E D C F D E C

A B A B
5 cm
(d) If ABCD is a square in the given figure, what is the area of the parallelogram ?
(e) What is the relation between the triangle and the rectangle standing on the same base and
between the same parallel lines?
(f) In the figure, PQRS is a rhombus having area 66 cm2. Write the area of ΔPTQ.
T S R

P Q
Solution:
(a) Area of a parallelogram = Base × Height
(b) The relation between parallelograms standing on the same base and between the same parallel
lines are equal in area.

1
 (c) The relation of the area of the rectangle ABEF and the parallelogram ABCD are equal in area
because standing on the same base AB and between the same parallel lines AB and FC.
(d) Here, ABCD is a square where AB = 5 cm
Area of square = 2 = 52 = 25 cm2
Area of square ABCD = Area of parallelogram ABEF
[∴ Standing on the same bare AB and between the same parallel lines AB and FC]
∴ Area of parallelogram ABEF = 25 cm2.
(e) The relation between the triangle is half of the area of rectangle standing on the same base and
between the same parallel lines.
(f) Here, Area of rhombus PQRS = 66 cm2
1 1
Area of ∆PTQ = area of rhombus PQRS = × 66 = 33 cm2
2 2
[∴ Standing on the same base PQ and between the same parallel lines PQ and TR.]
2. Fill in the blanks.
(a) The area of parallelogram is ........... the area of a triangle standing on the same base and
between the same parallel lines.
(b) In the given figure, if ABCD is a rectangle with AB = 4 cm and AD = 3 cm, the area of
ΔAEB .......... .
D C E

A B
(c) The area of the triangles standing on the same base and between the same parallel lines
are ........ .
(d) In the figure, the area of ΔBDE is18 cm2 and the area of ΔABD is 12 cm2. The area of the
quadrilateral ABCD is ......... .
C
D

A B E
Solution:
1 1
(a) double (b) ∆AEB = × b × h = × 4 × 3 = 6 cm2
2 2
(c) equal in area.
(d) Here, Ar. (∆BDE) = 18 cm2, Ar. (∆ABD) = 12 cm2
Ar. (∆BDE) = Ar. (∆BCD)
[standing on the same base BD and between the same parallel lines BD and CE]
∴ Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Ar. (∆ABD) + Ar. (∆BCD) = 12 + 18 = 30 cm2
3. Circle () the correct answer.
(a) In the given figure, the area of ΔKMN is .......... .

2
 K N

L 8 cm M
(i) 96 cm2 (ii) 64 cm2 (iii) 48 cm2 (iv) 144 cm2
(b) Two parallelogram ABCD and ABMN stand on the same base AB and between the same
parallel lines AB and DM. If the area of the parallelogram ABMN is 42 sq. cm, which is
the area of the parallelogram ?
(i) 84 cm2 (ii) 21 cm2 (iii) 42 cm2 (iv) 63 cm2
(c) KMLN and ΔMPL stand on the same base and between the same parallel lines. If the
area of KMLN is 20 sq. cm, which is the area of ΔMPL ?
(i) 40 cm2 (ii) 20 cm2 (iii) 10 cm2 (iv) 30 cm2
(d) A parallelogram and a triangle stand on the same base and between the same parallel
lines. If the area of the triangle is 20 sq. units, which is the area of the parallelogram ?
(i) 10 units (ii) 20 units (iii) 30 units (iv) 40 units
(e) In the given figure, the area of ΔPRE is ....... .
D F C E

P R
9 cm
(i) 9 cm2 (ii) 18 cm2 (iii) 36 cm2 (iv) 72 cm2
(f) Which is true relation for the area of triangles standing on the same base and between the
same parallel lines ?
(i) Double (ii) Half (iii) Equal (iv) Not equal
(g) ΔASK and ΔKST stand on the same base and between the same parallel lines. If the area
of ΔKST is 30 sq. units, which is the area of ΔASK ?
(i) 15 units (ii) 30 units (iii) 60 units (iv) 45 units
(h) In the given figure, AB = 10 cm and CP = 8 cm, the area of ΔABD is ....... .
D C

A P B
(i) 80 cm2 (ii) 60 cm2 (iii) 40 cm2 (iv) 20 cm2
Solution:
(a) (iii) (b) (iii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv)
(e) (iii) (f) (iii) (g) (ii) (h) (iii)
Check Your Performance
4. (i) In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle.

3
 D S C R

A 10 cm B
(a) Are the area of the rectangle ABCD and the parallelogram ABRS equal ? Given
reason.
(b) Which formula is used to find the area of rectangle? Write.
(c) Find the area of the parallelogram ABRS.
(ii) In the given figure, the area of the PSTU is 62 cm2.
S T

P R
U

Q
(a) What is the relation between PQRS and ΔPQS? Given reason.
(b) Find the area of ΔQRS.
(c) Write the relation between PSTU and ΔQRS.
Solution:
(i) (a) Yes, the area of the rectangle ABCD and the parallelogram ABRS are equal in area
because they are standing on the same base AB and between the same parallel lines AB
and DR.
(b) Area of rectangle =  × b
(c) Area of the parallelogram ABRS = base × height = 6 × 10 = 60 cm2
1
(ii) (a) Area of ∆PQS = area of PQRS
2
[ Standing on the same base PS and between the same parallel lines PS and QT.]
(b) Here, Area of PSTU = 62 cm2
1
Area (∆PQS) = Ar. (PSTU)
2
[ Standing on the same base PS and between the same parallel lines PS and QT.]
1
Ar. (∆PQS) = × 62 cm2 = 31 cm2
2
⇒ Ar. (∆PQS) = Ar. (∆QRS) [ Being QS is diagonal of PQRS]
∴ Ar. (∆QRS) = 31 cm2
1
(c) 1. Ar. (∆PQS) = Ar. ( PSTU)
2
[ Standing on the same base PS and between the same parallel lines PS and QT]
2. Ar. (∆PQS) = Ar. (∆QRS) [ Being QS is a diagonal of  PQRS]
1
3. Ar. (∆QRS) = Ar. ( PSTU) [ From statement (1) and (2)]
2

4
5. (i) In the given diagram, PQRS is a parallelogram, T is any point on QR, SU⊥PQ, SU = 16
cm and PQ = 20 cm.
S R

P U Q
(a) Write the formula to find the area of PQRS in area.
(b) Find the area of the triangle ΔSPT.
(c) Is the area of PQRS equal to twice of the area of the sum of ΔPQT and ΔRST?
Give reason.
(ii) In the adjoining figure, PQR is an equilateral triangle and QRST is a parallelogram. If
QR = 12 cm, find the area of QRST.
P T S

Q 12 cm R
Solution:
(i) (a) Area of  PQRS = base × height
(b) Here, SU ⊥ PQ, SU = 16 cm, PQ = 20 cm
Area of  PQRS = base × height = 20 × 16 = 320 cm2
1
Ar. (∆SPT) = Ar. ( PQRS) [ Standing on the same base SP and betwee the
2
same parallel lines SP and RQ]
1
= × 320 cm2
2
∴ Ar. (∆SPT)= 160 cm2
1
(c) Here, Ar. of ∆SPT = Ar. ( PqRS) [ Standing on the same base SP and betwee the
2
same parallel lines SP and RQ]
1
Ar. (∆PQT + ∆RST) = Ar. ( PQRS) [Remaining ∆s]
2
2 Ar. (∆PQT + ∆RST) = Rs. ( PQRS)
Yes, the area of  PQRS is equal to twice of the area of the sum of ∆PQT and ∆RST.
(ii) Here, PQR is an equilateral triangle.
QR = 12 cm
3 2 3
Area of ∆PQR = a = × (12)2 = 62.35 cm2
4 4
1
Ar. (∆PQR) = Ar. ( QRST) [ Standing on the same base QR and betwee the same
2
parallel lines QR and PS]

5
 1
or, 62.35 = Ar. ( QRST)
2
or, Ar. ( QRST) = 124.7 cm2 = 72 3 cm2
6. (i) In the adjoining figure, the area of ΔPKN is 50 cm2.
N M L

P K
(a) Find the area of sq. PKLM.
(b) Find the length of the diagonal PL of the square PKLM.
(ii) In the figure, the area of the ΔPQR is 36 cm2 and PQRT and PRST are parallelograms.
P T

Q R S
(a) Find the area of PQRT.
(b) Find the area of ΔRST.
(iii) In the adjoining figure, PQSR is a parallelogram and RS is produced to T such that RS =
ST. If the area of parallelogram PQSR is 25 cm2, find the area of ΔPRT.
P Q

R S T
Solution:
(i) (a) Here, Ar. (∆PKN) = 50 cm2
PKLM is a square
1
Ar. (∆PKN) = Ar. ( PKLM) [ Standing on the same base PK and betwee the
2
same parallel lines PK and NL]
∴ Ar. ( PKLM) = 2 × 50 = 100
1
Again, Ar. (∆PKN) = Ar. ( PKLM)
2
1
or, Ar. (∆PKN) = × b × h
2
1
or, 50 = × b2 [ b = h]
2
or, 100 = b2
∴ b = 10 cm
Now, b = 10 cm, h = 10 cm
Area of square PKLM = 2 = 10 × 10 = 100 cm2
∆PKL is an right angled triangle
By Pythaggorus theorem,
(PL)2 = (PK)2 + (KL)2 = 102 + 102 = 100 + 100
6
 or, (PL)2 = 200
or, PL = 200 cm = 10 2 cm
(ii) Here, Ar. (∆PQR) = 36 cm2
Ar. ( PQRT) = Ar. ( PRST) [ Standing on the same base PT and betwee the same
parallel lines PT and QS]
Ar. (∆PQR) = Ar. (∆PRT) [ Being PR is a diagonal of  PQRT]
= 36 cm2
Ar. (∆PRT) = Ar. (∆TRS) [ Being TR is a diagonal of  PRST]
= 36 cm2
∴ Ar. of ∆RST = 36 cm2.
(iii) Given:
Here, PQSR is a parallelogram and RS is produced to T such that RS = ST.
Ar. of  PQSR = 25 cm2
Ar. of ∆PRT = ?
To prove: Ar. ( PQSR) = Ar. (∆PRT)
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. In ∆PQU and ∆STU 1.
(i) ∠PUQ = ∠SUT (A) (i) Vertically opposite angles
(ii) ∠QPU = ∠STU (A) (ii) Alternate angles (PQ//RT)
(iii) ∠PQS = ∠QST (A) (iii) Alternate angles (PQ//RT)
2. ∆PQU ≅ ∆STU 2. AAA congruent contition
3. Ar. (∆PQU = Ar. (∆STU) 3. Areas of congruent condition
4. Ar. of Trap. PRSU + Ar. of ∆PQU = 4. Adding Ar. of Trap. PRSU on both
Ar. of Trap. PRSU + Ar. of ∆STU sides of (3).
5. Ar. ( PQSR) = Ar. (∆PRT) 5. By whole part axiom. Proved.
So, Ar. of  PQSR = 25 cm2
∴ Ar. of ∆PRT = 25 cm2
7. (i) In the figure, WXYZ is a rhombus in which YZ is produced to the point U. If WY = 12
cm and XZ = 8 cm, find the area of ΔWUX.
U Z Y

W X
(ii) In the figure, the square ABCD and the ΔABE are standing on the same base AB and
between the same parallel lines AB and DE. If BD = 6 cm, find the area of ΔAEB.
D C E

A B
(iii) In the given figure, KLMN is a square whose perimeter is 80 cm and KL is produced
upto the point J. If E is the mid-point of MN, find the area of ΔJEN.
7
 L K J

M E N
Solution:
(i) Here, WXYZ is a rhombus in which YZ is produced to the point U.
XY = 12 cm
XZ = 8 cm
Area of ∆WUX = ?
1 1
Area of rhombus WXYZ = × d1 × d2 = × 12 × 8 = 48 cm2
2 2
1
Ar. (∆WUX) = Ar. ( WXYZ) [ Standing on the same base WX and between the same
2
parallel line XY and UY.]
1
Ar. (∆WUX) = × 48 cm2 = 24 cm2.
2
(ii) Here, ABCD is the square. BD is a diagonal.
BD = 6 cm
Let, AB = AD = a cm
∆ABD is a right angled triangle.
By Pythagorus theorem,
(BD)2 = (AB)2 + (AD)2
or, 62 = a2 + a2
or, 36 = 2a2
or, 18 = a2
∴ a = 18
Area of square ABCD = 2 = 18 × 18 = 18 cm2.
1
Area of ∆AEB = Ar. of  ABCD
2
[ Standing on the same base AB and between the same parallel lines AB and DE]
1
Ar. of ∆AEB = × 18 = 9 cm2.
2
(iii) Here, KLMN is a square. KL is produced upto the point J. E is the mid-point of MN. Perimeter
of  KLMN = 80 cm.
ME = EN L K J
Construction: Join M and J.
Perimeter of  KLMN = 4
or, 80 = 4 M E N
or,  = 20 cm
Area of square KLMN = 2 = (20 cm)2 = 400 cm2
1
Ar. of ∆MJN = Ar. ( KLMN)
2

8
 [ Standing on the same base MN and between the same parallel lines MN and LJ]
1
Ar. of ∆MJN = × 400 = 200 cm2.
2
1
Again, Ar. (∆JEN) = Ar. (∆MJN) [ E is mid point of MN]
2
1
∴ Ar. (∆JEN) = × 200 cm2 = 100 cm2.
2
8. (i) In the figure, the parallelogram PQSR and ΔPQT stand on the same base and between
the same parallel lines. The area of the ΔTPQ is 50 cm2. Find the area of the ΔPRS.
R S T

P Q
(ii) In the given figure, BD is the diagonal of the parallelogram ABCD. If the area of the
ΔBCD is 30 cm2, find the area of ΔABE.
E D C

A B
Solution:
(i) Here, Ar. (∆TPQ) = 50 cm2
Ar. (∆TPQ) = Ar. (∆PQR) = 50 cm2
[ Standing on the same base PQ and between the same parallel lines PQ and RT.]
Ar. (∆PQR) = Ar. (∆PRS) = 50 cm2 [ Being PR is a diagonal of  PQRS]
∴ Ar. (∆PRS) = 50 cm2.
(ii) Here, Ar. (∆BCD) = 30 cm2
Ar. (∆BCD) = Ar. (∆ADB) = 30 cm2 [ Being BD is a diagonal of  ABCD]
Ar. (∆ABE) = Ar. (∆ADB) = 30 cm2
[ Standing on the same base AB and between the same parallel lines AB and EC.]
∴ Ar. (∆ABE) = 30 cm2.
9. (i) In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium and AEFD is a parallelogram. If E is the mid-point of
AB and the area of ΔABC is 42 cm2, find the area of ΔADF.
D F C

A E B
(ii) In the figure, the area of ABCD = 64 cm2 and the area of ΔABE = 12 cm2. Find the area
of ΔCDE.
A D

B E C

9
Solution:
(i) Here, E is the mid point of AB.
Ar. (∆ABC) = 42 cm2
Ar. (∆AEC) = Ar. (∆BEC) [ E is mid point of AB in ∆ABC.]
1 1
Ar. (∆AEC) = Ar. (∆BEC) = Ar. (∆ABC) = × 42 cm2 = 21 cm2
2 2
Ar. (∆AEC) = Ar. (∆AFE)
[ Standing on the same base AE and between the same parallel lines AE and DC.]
Ar. (∆ADF) = Ar. (∆AFE) = 21 cm2 [ AF is a diagonal of  AEFD]
∴ Ar. (∆ADF) = 21 cm2.
(ii) Here, Ar. ( ABCD) = 64 cm2
Ar. (∆ABE) = 12 cm2
1
Ar. (∆ABC) = Ar. ( ABCD) [ Being AC is a diagonal of  ABCD]
2
1
Ar. (∆ABC) = × 64 = 32 cm2
2
Ar. (∆ABE) + Ar. (∆AEC) = Ar. (∆ABC) [ Whole part axiom.]
or, 12 + Ar. (∆AEC) = 32
or, Ar. (∆AEC) = 32 – 12 = 20 cm2
Again,
Ar. (∆AEC) = Ar. (∆CDE) = 20 cm2
[ Standing on the same base BC and between the same parallel lines BC and AD.]
∴ Ar. (∆CDE) = 20 cm2.
10. (i) (a) Write the relation among the area of square PQST and parallelogram PQAB
standing on the same base PQ and between the same parallel lines PQ and BS.
(b) Prove that: Area of square PQST = Area of PQAB.
(c) If the length of a side of the square is 8 cm, what is the area of ΔPQAB?
(ii) In the given figure, OPQR and OPST stand on the same base OP and between the
same parallel lines OP and TQ.
T R S Q

O P
(a) State the relation among OPQR and OPST in area.
(b) Prove that: Area of ΔROT = Area of ΔQPS
(c) Prove that: Area of OPQR = Area of OPST
(d) If the length of a side of the base of OPQR is 8 cm and its height is 6 cm, what is
the area of OPST?
(iii) From the given figure, the area of the rectangle ABCD is equal to the area of the
parallelogram ABEF.

10
 D C F E

A B
(a) State the relation among ABCD and ABEF in area.
(b) Prove that: Area of ΔADF = Area of ΔBCE
(c) Prove that: Area of ABCD = Area of ABEF
(d) If AB = 12 cm and AD = 18 cm, what is the area of ABEF?
Solution:
(i) (a) The relation among the area of square PQST and
parallelogram PQAB standing on the same base PQ and B T A R
between the same parallel lines PQ and BS are equal in area.
(b) Given: Here, Two parallelogram PQST and PQAB on the
same base PQ and between the same parallel lines PQ and BS.
To prove: Area of square PQST = Area of  PQAB
P Q
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. In ∆PTB and ∆QSA 1.
(i) PB = QA (S) (i) Opposite sides of parallelogram
PQAB
(ii) ∠PBT = ∠QAS (A) (ii) Corresponding angles (PB//QA)
(iii) ∠PTB = ∠QSA (A) (iii) Corresponding angles (PT//QS)
2. ∆PTB ≅ ∆QSA 2. SAA congruent condition
3. Ar. (∆PTB) = Ar. (∆QSA) 3. Area of congruent condition
4. Ar. of Trap. PQAT + Ar. of ∆PTB = 4. Adding Ar. of Trap. PQAT on both
Ar. of Trap. PQAT + Ar. of ∆QSA sides of (3).
5. Ar. ( PQAB) = Ar. ( PQST) 5. By whole part axiom.
proved.
(c) Here, length of a side of square = 8 cm
Area of square PQST = 2 = (8 cm)2 = 64 cm2
Area of  PQAB = Area of  PQST = 64 cm2
[ Standing on same base PQ and between the same parallel lines PQ and BS.]
(ii) (a) Ar. of  OPQR = Ar. of  OPST
[ Standing on same base OP and between the same parallel lines OP and TQ.]
(b) Given: Here, two parallelograms OPQR and OPST on the same T R S Q
base OP and between the same parallel lines OP and TQ.
To prove: Area of ∆ROT = Area of ∆QPS
Proof: O P
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. In ∆ROT and ∆QPS 1.
(i) OT = PS (S) (i) Opposite sides of parallelogram OPST
(ii) ∠OTR = ∠PSQ (A) (ii) Corresponding angles (OT//PS)

11
 (iii) ∠ORT = ∠PQS (A) (iii) Corresponding angles (OR//PQ)
2. ∆ROT ≅ ∆QPS 2. SAA congruent condition
3. Ar. of ∆ROT = Ar. of ∆QPS 3. Area of congruent condition
Proved.
(c) Given: Here, two parallelograms OPQR and OPST on the same base OP and between the
some parallel lines OP and TQ.
To prove: Area of  OPQR = Area of  OPST
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1.In ∆ROT and ∆QPS 1.
(i)
OT = PS (S) (i) Opposite sides of parallelogram OPST
∠OTR = ∠PSQ (A)
(ii) (ii) Corresponding angles (OT//PS)
∠ORT = ∠PQS (A)
(iii) (iii) Corresponding angles (OR//PQ)
2.∆ROT ≅ ∆QPS 2. SAA congruent condition
3.Ar. of ∆ROT = Ar. of ∆QPS 3. Area of congruent condition
4.Ar. of Trap. OPSR + Ar. of ∆ROT = 4. Adding Ar. of Trap. OPSR on both
Ar. of Trap. OPSR + Ar. of ∆QPS sides of (3).
5. Ar. of  OPQR = Ar. of  OPST 5. By whole part axiom.
Proved.
(b) Here, length of a side of the base of  OPQR = 8 cm
height = 6 cm
Area of  OPQR = b × h = 8 × 6 = 48 cm2
Area of  OPQR = Area of  OPST = 48 cm2
[ Standing on the same base OP and between the same parallel lines OP and TQ.]
(iii) (a) Ar. of  ABCD = Ar. of  ABEF
[ Standing on the same base AB and between the same parallel lines AB and DE.]
(b) Given: Here, the area of the rectangle ABCD is equal to the area of the parallelogram
ABEF.
To prove: Area of ∆ADE = Area of ∆BCE.
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. In ∆ADE and ∆BCE 1.
(i) ∠ADF = ∠BCE = (R) (i) Right angle (90°)
(ii) AF = BE (H) (ii) Opposite sides of  ABEF
(iii) AD = BC (S) (iii) Opposite sides of  ABCD
2. ∆ADF ≅ ∆BCE 2. RHS congruent condition
3. Ar. of ∆ADF = Ar. of ∆BCE 3. Area of congruent condition
Proved.
(c) Given: Here, ABCD is a rectangle and ABEF is a parallelogram.
To prove: Area of  ABCD = Area of  ABEF
Proof:

12
 SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. Standing on the same base AB and
Ar. (∆ABD) = Ar. ( ABEF) between the same parallel lines AB
2
and DE.
2. Ar. (∆ABD) = Ar. (∆BCD) 2. Being BD is a diagonal of  ABCD
3. Ar. of ∆BCD + Ar. of ∆ABD 3. By whole part axiom
=  ABCD
4. Ar. ( ABCD) = Ar. ( ABEF) 4. From statement (1), (2) and (3)
Proved.
(d) Here, AB = 12 cm, AD = 18 cm
Ar. ( ABEF) = base × height = 12 × 13 = 216 cm2
11. (i) (a) Draw a parallelogram ABCD and ΔAXB on the same base between the same parallel
lines.
D X C

A B
(b) Prove that, the area of ABCD is two times of the area of ΔAXB.
Solution:
(i) (a) Given: Here, ∆AXB and parallelogram ABCD are on the same base AB and between the
same parallels AB and DC. Y D X C
To prove: 2 area of ∆AXB = area of  ABCD.
Construction: Produce CD line at Y and draw AY parallel to
BX to meet CY at Y. A B
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. ABXY is a parallelogram. 1. By construction.
2. 1 2. The diagonal AX divides the 
Ar. of ∆AXB = Ar. of  ABXY
2 ABXY into two triangles of equal
area.
3. Ar. of  ABCD = Ar. of ABXY 3. Standing on the same base AB and
between the same parallel AB & YC.
4. 1 4. From statements (2) and (3).
Ar. of ∆AXB = Ar. of  ABCD
2
or, Ar. ( ABCD) = 2 Ar. (∆AXB)
Hence, the area of  ABCD is two times of the area of ∆AXB on the same base AB and
between the same parallel lines AB and DC. Proved.
(b) Given: Here, ∆BCE and parallelogram ABCD are on the same base BC and between the
same parallel lines BC and AE.
A F D E
1
To prove: Area of ∆BCE = Area of  ABCD
2
Construction: Draw BF parallel to CE to meet AE at F. B C
Proof:

13
 SN Statements SN Reasons
1. BCEF is a parallelogram. 1. By construction.
2. 1 2. The diagonal BE divides the  BCEF
Ar. (∆BCE) = (Ar.  BCEF)
2 into two triangles of equal area.
3. Ar. ( ABCD) = Ar. ( BCEF) 3. Standing on the same base BC and
between the same parallel lines AE
and BC.
4. 1 4. From statements (2) and (3).
Ar. ( ABCD)
Ar. (∆BCE) =
2
Hence, the area of triangle is half of the area of parallelogram on the same base and
between the same parallel lines. Proved.
12. (i) In the adjoining figure, PQRS is a rhombus.
S R

P Q
(a) Prove that: Area of ΔPQS = Area of ΔPQR
(b) Prove that: Area of ΔPQS = Area of ΔPRS.
(ii) ABCD is a parallelogram. P is any point on AB and Q is any point on AD. Prove that:
Area of ΔABQ + Area of ΔCDQ = Area of ΔADP + Area of ΔBCP.
A Q D

B C
(iii) In the parallelogram ABCD, P is any point inside it. Prove that:
Ar. (ΔAPB) + Ar. (ΔCPD) = Ar. (ΔAPD) + Ar. (ΔBPC) = 12 × Ar. (ABCD).
[Hints: Draw a straight line parallel to AB or BC through P.]
D C

P
A B
(iv) In the figure, O is any point on the diagonal BD of the parallelogram ABCD. EF//AD and
GH//DC. Prove that:
Area of AEOG = Area of CHOF.
A G D
E O F

B H C

14
Solution:
S R
(i) Given: Here, PQRS is a rhombus. ∆PQS and ∆PQR are on the same
base PQ and between the same parallel lines PQ and SR.
To prove: Area of ∆PQS = Area of ∆PQR.
P Q
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. Being diagonal SQ of  PQRS.
Ar. (∆PQS) = Ar. ( PQRS)
2
2. 1 2. Being diagonal PR of  PQRS
Ar. (∆PQR) = Ar. ( PQRS)
2
3. Ar. (∆PQS) = Ar. (∆PQR) 3. From the statements (1) and (2).
Hence, the triangles standing on the same base and between the same parallel lines are equal
in area. Proved.
(ii) Given: Here, ABCD is a parallelogram, E and F are any points on AB and AD respectively.
To prove: Ar. (∆BCF) = Ar. (∆CDE)
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. Standing on the same base BC and between
Ar. (∆BCF) = Ar. ( ABCD) the same parallel lines BC and AD.
2
2. 1 2. Standing on the same base CD and between
Ar. (∆CDE) = Ar. ( ABCD)
2 the same parallel lines CD and AB.
3. Ar. (∆BCF) = Ar. (∆CDE) 3. From the statements (1) and (2).
Proved.
(ii) Given: Here, ABCD is a parallelogram. P is any point on AB and Q is any point on AD.
To prove: Ar. (∆ABQ) + Ar. (∆CDQ) = Ar. (∆ADP) + Ar. (∆BCP)
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. Standing on the same base BC and between
Ar. (∆BQC) = Ar. ( ABCD) the same parallel lines BC and AD.
2
2. 1 2. Remaining ∆s of statement (1).
Ar. (∆ABQ) + Ar. (∆CDQ) = Ar.
2
( ABCD)
3. 1 3. Standing on the same base CD and between
Ar. (∆CPD) = Ar. (ABCD) the same parallel lines CD and AB.
2
4. 1 4. Remaining ∆s of statement (3).
Ar. (∆ADP) + Ar. (∆BCP) = Ar.
2
( ABCD)
5. Ar. (∆ABQ) + Ar. (∆CDQ) = Ar. 5. From statement (2) and (4).
(∆ADP) + Ar. (∆BCP)
Proved.

15
(iii) Given: Here, ABCD is the parallelogram. P is any point inside it. M
D C
To prove: Ar. (∆APB) + Ar. (∆CPD) = Ar. (∆APD) + Ar. (∆BPC)
1 P
= × Ar. ( ABCD) X Y
2
Construction: Draw a straight line XY parallel to AB and DC and A B
N
draw a straight line MN parallel to BC and AD through P.
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. Standing on same base BC and between the
Ar. (∆BPC) = Ar. ( BNMC) same parallel lines BC and MN.
2
2. 1 2. Standing on same base AD and between
Ar. (∆APD) = Ar. ( ANMD)
2 the same parallel lines AD and MN.
3. 1 3. By addition axiom.
Ar. (∆BPC) + Ar. (∆APD) = Ar.
2 [From statement (1) and (2)]
1
( BNMC) + Ar. ( ANMD)
2
4. 1 4. By whole part axiom.
Ar. (∆BPC) + Ar. (∆APD) = Ar.
2
( ABCD)
5. 1 5. Standing on same base CD and between the
Ar. (∆CPD) = Ar. ( CDXY)
2 same parallel lines CD and XY.
6. 1 6. Standing on the same base AB and between
Ar. (∆APB) = Ar. ( XABY) the same parallel lines AB and XY.
2
7. 1 7. By addition axiom.
Ar. (∆CPD) + Ar. (∆APB) = Ar.
2 [From statement (5) and (6)]
1
( CDXY) + Ar. ( XABY)
2
8. 1 8. By whole part axiom.
Ar. (∆CPD) + Ar. (∆APB) = Ar.
2
( ABCD)
9. Ar. (∆APB) + Ar. (∆CPD) 9. From statement (4) and (8).
= Ar. (∆APD) + Ar. (∆BPC)
1
= Ar. ( ABCD)
2
Proved.
(iv) Given: Here, ABCD is a parallelogram where O is any point on the A G D
diagonal BD. EF/AD and GH//DC.
E O F
To prove: Ar. ( AEOG) = Ar. ( CHOF)

B H C
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. Ar. (∆ABD) = Ar. (∆BCD) 1. Being BD is diagonal of  ABCD.
2. Ar. (∆EBO) = Ar. (∆BHO) 2. Being BO is diagonal of  BHOE.

16
 3. Ar. (∆GOD) = Ar. (∆DOF) 3. Being OD is diagonal of  GOFD.
4. Ar. (∆ABD) – Ar. (∆EBO) – Ar. 4. By subtracting axiom.
(∆GOD) = Ar. (∆BCD) – Ar.
(∆BHO) – Ar. (∆DOF)
5. Ar. ( AEOG) = Ar. ( CHOF) 5.
By remaining parts of statement (4).
Proved.
13. (i) In the adjoining figure, if ΔDEF and ΔEFG stand on the same base EF and between the
same parallels EF and DG, then prove that their areas are equal.
D G

E F
(ii) From the given figure, prove that the areas of the right-angled triangle LMN and ΔKLM
standing on the same base LM and between the same parallels LM and NK are equal.
L M

N K
Solution:
(i) Given: Here, Ar. (∆DEF) and Ar. (∆GEF) on the same base EF
D G
and between the same parallel lines EF and DG.
To prove: Ar. (∆DEF) = Ar. (∆GEF)
Construction: Draw the heights DP and GQ for ∆DEF and ∆GEF. E P F Q
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. By the formula of the area of triangle.
Ar. (∆DEF) = × EF × DP
2
2. 1 2. By the formula of the area of triangle.
Ar. (∆GEF) = × EF × DP
2
3. DP = GQ 3. Heights between the same pair of parallel
lines.
4. Ar. (∆DEF) = Ar. (∆GEF) 4. From the statements (1) and (2).
Proved.
(ii) Given: Here, ∆LMN and ∆KLM standing on the same base LM L M
and between the same parallel lines LM and NK.
To prove: Ar. (∆LMN) = Ar. (∆KLM)
Construction: Draw the height MP for ∆KLM. N K
P
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. By the formula of the area of triangle.
Ar. (∆LMN) = × LM × LN
2
2. 1 2. By the formula of the area of triangle.
Ar. (∆KLM) = × LM × MP
2

17
 3. LN = MP 3. Heights between the same pair of parallel
lines.
4. Ar. (∆LMN) = Ar. (∆KLM) 4. From the statements (1) and (2).
Proved.
14. (i) In the figure, PQRS is a quadrilateral in which RQ is produced to T such that SQ//PT.
Prove that ΔRST is equal in area to the quadrilateral PQRS.
P S

T Q R
(ii) ABCD is a quadrilateral and DE is drawn parallel to AC to intersect BC produced at a
point E. Prove that area of ΔABC = area of quadrilateral ABCD.
(iii) In the adjoining figure, the diagonal RP of a quadrilateral PQRS is parallel to ST. Prove
that: Area of quad. PQRS = Area of quad. PQRT
Q P

R
T

S
(iv) In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which DE = AE and CF = BF. Prove that Ar.
(ΔAFD) = Ar. (ΔBEC).
D C

E F

A B
Solution:
(i) Given: Here, PQRS is a quadrilateral in which RQ is produced to T such that SQ//PT.
To prove: Ar. (∆RST) = Ar. ( PQRS)
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. Ar. (∆TQS) = Ar. (∆QPS) 1. Standing on the same base QS and between
the same parallel lines QS and TP.
2. Ar. (∆TQS) + Ar. (∆QRS) = Ar. 2. Adding ∆QRS on both sides of statement
(∆QPS) + Ar. (∆QRS) (1).
3. Ar. (∆RST) = Ar. ( PQRS) 3. By whole part axiom.
Proved.
(ii) Given: Here, ABCD is a quadrilateral and DE is drawn parallel to A D
AC and BC produced at a point E.
To prove: Ar. of ∆ABE = Ar. of quad. ABCD.

B C E

18
 Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. DE//AC 1. Given
2. Ar. (∆ACD) = Ar. (∆ACE) 2. Standing ∆s on the same base AC and
between the same parallel lines AC and
DE.
3. Ar. (∆ACD) + Ar. (∆ABC) = Ar. 3. By adding ∆ABC on both sides
(∆ACE) + Ar. (∆ABC)
4. Ar. ( quad. ABCD) = Ar. (∆ABE) 4. By whole part axiom.
Proved.
(iii) Given: Here, in the given figure, the diagonal RP of a quadrilateral PQRS is parallel to ST.
To prove: Area of quad. PQRS = Area of quad. PQRT.
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. Ar. (∆PRS) = Ar. (∆PRT) 1. Standing on the same base PR and between
the same parallel lines PR and ST.
2. Ar. (∆PRS) + Ar. (∆QRP) = Ar. 2. Adding ∆QRP on both sides of statement
(∆PRT) + Ar. (∆QRP) (1).
3. Ar. ( PQRS) = Ar. ( PQRT) 3. By whole part axiom.
Proved.
(iv) Given: Here, ABCD is a trapezium is which DE = AE and CF = BF and DC//EF//AB.
To prove: Ar. (∆AFD) = Ar. (∆BEC)
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. Ar. (∆DEF) = Ar. (∆CEF) 1. Standing on the same base EF and between
the same parallel lines EF and DC.
2. Ar. (∆EFA) = Ar. (∆FEB) 2. Standing on the same base EF and between
the same parallel lines EF and AB.
3. Ar. (∆DEF) + Ar. (∆EFA) = Ar. 3. By addition axiom.
(∆CEF) + Ar. (∆FEB)
4. Ar. (∆AFD) = Ar. (∆BEC) 4. By whole part axiom.
Proved.
15. (i) In ΔABC, XY is parallel to BC. BY and CX are intersected meet at O. Prove that Ar.
(ΔAYB) = Ar. (ΔAXC).
(ii) In ΔABC, S and T are the mid-points of PQ and PR respectively.
Prove that Ar. (ΔBOC) = Ar. (Quad. AXOY).
(iii) D and E are points on the side AB and AC of a ΔABC respectively such that
Ar. (ΔBCE) = Ar. (ΔBCD). Show that DE//BC.
Solution:
(i) Given: Here, in ∆ABC, XY is parallel to BC. BY and CX are joined which meet at O.
To prove: Ar. (∆AYB) = Ar. (∆AXC)
Proof:

19
 SN Statements SN Reasons
1. Ar. (∆XYB) = Ar. (∆XYC) 1. Standing on the same base XY and between
the same parallel lines XY and BC.
2. Ar. (∆XYB) + Ar. (∆AXY) = Ar. 2. Adding ∆AXY on both sides of statement
(∆XYC) + Ar. (∆AXY) (1).
3. Ar. (∆AYB) = Ar. (∆AXC) 3. By whole part axim.
Proved.
(ii) Given: Here, in ∆ABC, two medians BE and CD interect at O.
A

A
D E
O
D E
B C
To prove: Area of ∆BOC = Area of quadrilateral ADOE. O
B C
Construction: Join DE.
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. DE//BC 1. D is the mid point of AB and E is the mid
point of AC.
2. Ar. (∆BDC) = Ar. (∆BEC) 2. ∆s standing on the same base BC and
between the same parallel lines BC & DE.
3. Ar. (∆ABE) = Ar. (∆BEC) 3. Triangles being of equal bases and height.
4. Ar. (∆BDC) = Ar. (∆ABE) 4. From statements (2) and (3).
5. Ar. (∆BDC) – Ar. (∆BOD) = Ar. 5. Subtracting ∆BOD from both sides of the
(∆ABE) – Ar. (∆BOD) statements (4).
∴ Ar. (∆BOD) = Ar. (quad. ADOE)
Proved.
16. (i) In the given figure, AB//ED and AD//BC. Prove that Ar. (ΔABE) = Ar. (ΔACD).
(ii) In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Diagonal BD is produced to E. Prove that:
Ar. (ΔADE) = Ar. (ΔCDE) [Hints: Join AC and use the median theorem.]
E
D C

A B
(iii) In the adjoining figure, PQRS and LQMN are two parallelograms equal in area. Prove
that LR//SN.
P S

L N

Q R M
Solution:
20
(i) Given: Here, In the given figure, AB//ED and AD//BC. E D
To prove: Ar. (∆ABE) = Ar. (∆ACD)
Construction: Produce the straight line BC at M and join AM with C
parallel to CD. So, AMCD is a parallelogram. A B

Proof: M
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. 1 1. AC is a diagonal of  AMCD.
Ar. (∆ACD) = Ar. ( AMCD)
2
2. 1 2. Standing on the same base AD and
Ar. (∆ABD) = Ar. ( AMCD) between the same parallel lines AD and
2
MC.
3. Ar. (∆ABD) = Ar. (∆ABE) 3. Standing on the same base AB and between
the same parallel lines AB and ED.
4. Ar. (∆ABE) = Ar. (∆ACD) 4. From statement (1), (2) and (3).
Proved.
(ii) Given: Here, ABCD is a parallelogram. Diagonal BD is produced to E.
To prove: Ar. (∆ADE) = Ar. (∆CDE)
Construction: Join AC so that AC and BD are interrected at O.
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. O is the mid point of AC. 1. Diagonals of parallelogram bisect to each
other.
2. ∆AEO = ∆EOC and ∆AOD = ∆COD 2. Being EO and DO are the medians of
∆AEC and ∆ADC.
3. ∆AEO – ∆AOD = ∆EOC – ∆COD 3. Subtraction axiom in (2).
4. ∆ADE = ∆CDE 4. From (3) comparision axiom.
∴ Ar. (∆ADE) = Ar. (∆CDE)
Proved.
(iii) Given: Here, PQRS and LQMN are two parallelograms equal in area.
P S
To prove: LR//SN.
Construction: Join LS and RN. L N

Q R M
Proof:
SN Statements SN Reasons
1. Ar. of  PQRS = Ar. of  LQMN 1. By given
2. 1 2. Standing on the same base RS and between
Ar. (∆LRS) = Ar. ( PQRS) the same parallel lines SR and QP.
2
3. 1 3. Standing on the same base LN and between
Ar. (∆LRN) = Ar. ( LQMN) the same parallel lines LN and QM.
2
4. Ar. (∆LRS) = Ar. (∆LRN) 4. From the statements (1), (2) and (3).

21
5. LR//SN 5. Standing on the same base LR and between
the same parallel lines LR and SN in
statement (4).
Proved.

22